The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India: Part-I Volume - V

THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA
OF INDIA
PART- I
VOLUME V
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
DEPARTMENT OF AYUSH
Contents | Monographs | Abbreviations | Appendices
Legal Notices | General Notices
Note: This e-Book contains Computer Database generated Monographs which are reproduced from official publication. The
order of contents under the sections of Synonyms, Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Karma, Formulations, Therapeutic uses may be
shuffled but the contents are same from the original source. !owe"er in case of doubt the user is ad"ised to refer the official
book.
i
CONTENTS
Legal Notices
General Notices
MONOGRAPHS
S.No Plant Name Botanical Name
Page
No.
#as per
book$
1 MRA HARIDR (Rhizome) Curcuma amada Roxb. 1
2 ANISNA (Frui) !im"i#e$$a a#i%um &i## '
' A()*&AH(&ea+) A$a#,ium %a$-ii+o$ium (&i##.+.) .a#, /
0 RA12DHA(Sem bar3) Ca%%ia +i%u$a &i## 4
/ S!H*5 (Roo) 2a$$ari% So$a#acea )u#ze 16
7 8AS9N9R:(Roo) Ar,;reia #er-o%a (8urm.+.)8o<. 12
= 8H>R?AH (Sem 8ar3) 8eu$a ui$i% D.Do# 10
4 CA@A (Roo) A#,e$ica Archa#,e$ica &i##. 17
B C*RA)AH (Roo Soc3) A#,e$ica ,$auca Cd,D. 14
16 DAR8HA (Roo) Im"eraa c;$i#drica (&i##) 8eau-. 21
11 DHAN2AESAH (.ho$e !$a#) Fa,o#ia creica &i##. 2'
12 DRA2AN9:(Seed) ?aro"ha ,$a#du$i+era Roxb. 27
1' D>1DHI) (.ho$e !$a#) Cu"horbia "ro%raa ..Ai 24
10 C&A2&>)AF (Seed) !ru#u% a-ium &i##.+. '1
1/ 1A@A:RA (Roo) Co$eu% +or%3oh$ii 8riG. ''
17 1A2CDH>)A (Roo) Coix $achr;maH<obi &I## '/
1= 1H*@5 (Frui) Iizi"hu% x;$o";ru% .i$$d. '=
14 1>NDRH (Rhizome a#d Frui) 9;"ha au%ra$i% Schum. a#d 9ho##. 'B
1B HIFSR(Roo) Ca""ari% %"i#o%a &i##. 01
26 HI(1>!A9R: (&ea+) Feru$a <ae%ch3ea#a 2a3e 0'
21 I9)A5A (Roo) Se%ba#ia bi%"i#o%a ..F..i,h 0/
22 I9)A5A(Sem) Se%ba#ia bi%"i#o%a ..F..i,h 0=
2' ?A&A!I!!A&: (.ho$e !$a#) !h;$a #odi+$ora 1ree#e 0B
ii
20 ?:2A)AH (!%eudo 8u$b) Ma$axi% acumi#aa D.Do# /2
2/ )ADARAH(Hear .ood) Acacia %uma (8uchHHam) /0
27 ))A?A(1H (Seed) !eri%ro"he bica$;cu$aa (Rez)Nee% /7
2= ))ANA?A (Frui) !h;%a$i% a$3e3e#,i &i## /4
24 )&:EA)A (Roo a#d Sem) Co%ci#ium +e#e%raum (1aer#.) Co$ebr 76
2B )A!:9ANA (Sem 8ar3) 9he%"e%ia "o"u$#ea(&.) So$a#d .ex
Correa
7'
'6 )AR)AJA (Roo) Momordica dioica Roxb.ex..i$$d 7/
'1 )AR@AS!H*5 (Seed) Cardio%"ermum ha$icacabum &i## 7=
'2 )AR@AS!H*5 (Roo) Cardio%"ermum ha$icacabum &i## 7B
'' )A99K@A (.ho$e !$a#) C;mbo"o,o# cirae% (DC) Sa"+ =1
'0 )C8>)A(Rhizome) Co%u% %"eciou%u% ()oer#i#, ex Rez) =0
'/ )HA)HASA (Seed) !a"a-er %om#i+erum &i## =7
'7 )HA9M:(Roo) A$hea o++ici#a$i% &i## =4
'= )HA9M:(Seed) A$hea o++ici#a$i% &i## 46
'4 )H8)A&N (Seed) Si%;mbrium irio &i## 42
'B )*DRA2AH (1rai#) !a%"a$um %crobicu$aum &i## 40
06 )L:RA))*&: (8u$b) Frii$$aria ro;e$ei Hoo3 47
01 )LH:RA2IDR: (Roo) I"omoea di,iaa &i##. 44
02 )>&AM?ANA (Rhizome) A$"i#ia ,a$a#,a .i$$d. B6
0' )>M8H:)AH(Seed) Care;a arborea Roxb B'
00 &A9)ARA(?A (Seed) Cae%a$"i#ia bo#duc(&i##) Roxb. B/
0/ &A2A&:!HA&A (Frui) !h;$$a#hu% acidu% (&i#.)S3$ee% B4
07 MADH&I) (Roo) C$eu%i#e coroca#a(&.) 1aer#. 166
0= MAHMCD (Rhizome a#d
Roo)
!o$;,o#aum cirrhi+o$ium Ro;$e 162
04 MADH>SN>H: (9uberou%
Roo)
Smi$ax chi#a &i## 160
iii
0B MCDSA)AH (Sem 8ar3) &i%ea chi#e#%i% &am 167
/6 MCDSA)AH (.ood) &i%ea chi#e#%i% &am 164
/1 MCLAJKN1: (&ea+) 1;m#ema %;$-e%re R.8r 116
/2 MCLAJKN1: (Roo) 1;m#ema %;$-e%re R.8r 11'
/' NAND: (Roo) Ficu% ar#oia#a Miz. 11/
/0 N:&A?HIN5: (Roo) 8ar$eria %ri,o%a .i$$d 11=
// NIM8A (Roo 8ar3) Azadiracha i#dica A.?u%% 11B
/7 NIM8A (F$oDer) Azadiracha i#dica A.?u%% 121
/= NIM8A (Frui) Azadiracha i#dica A.?u%% 12'
/4 !A&JAH (Seed) 8uea mo#o%"erma (&am.))u#ze 12/
/B !A&JAH (Dried F$oDer) 8uea mo#o%"erma (&am.))u#ze 12=
76 !RAS:)AEA2N: (Seed) H;o%c;amu% #i,er &i## 1'6
71 !A55RA (.ho$e !$a#) Aer-a $a#aa (&i##.)?u%% 1'2
72 !:&H (Frui) Sa$-adora "er%ica &i## 1'/
7' !:&H (&ea+) Sa$-adora "er%ica &i## 1'=
70 !:&H (Roo) Sa$-adora "er%ica &i## 106
7/ !*5A1A&A (Roo) 9;"ha e$e"ha#i#a Roxb. 102
77 !>D:NH (Aeria$ !ar) Me#ha -iridi% &i## 100
7= !>&&N: (&ea+) Ca$;co"eri% +$oribu#da &am. 107
74 !>&&N: (Roo) Ca$;co"eri% +$oribu#da &am. 104
7B !>&&N: (Sem) Ca$;co"eri% +$oribu#da &am. 1/6
=6 !9:)ARAM?A (Sem 8ar3) Cae%a$"i#ia cri%a &i## 1/2
=1 RN@>)A (Seed) 2iex #e,u#do &i## 1/0
=2 RIDDHI (9uber) Habe#aria i#ermidia D.Do# 1/=
=' R*H:LA (.ho$e !$a#) C;mbo"o,o# mari#i (Roxb.) .a%. 1/B
=0 RM:MAS9A1: (Re%i#) !i%acia $e#i%cu% &i## 172
=/ SARA&A (Cxudae) !i#u% roxbur,hii Sa,re# 170
iv
=7 SAR!A1ANDH (Roo) RauD$o$+ia %er"e#i#a (&i##)
8e#h.ex.)urz
177
== J2C9A!>NARNA2 (Roo) 8orhaa-ia -erici$$aa !oir 174
=4 9AI&A!AR@AH (&ea+) Cuca$;"u% ,$obu$e% &abi$$ 1=6
=B 9INIJAH (.ood) *u,e#ia oo<ei#e#%i% (Roxb)Hochr 1=2
46 9IN9IA:)AH (Aeria$ !ar) Rhu% "ar-i+$ora Roxb 1=0
41 9RA!>LAF (Seed) Cucumi% %ai-u% &i##. 1==
42 9N: (Sem 8ar3) Cedre$a oo#a Roxb. 1=B
4' 2AND (&ea+) De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##.+.) Ci#,%h. 141
40 2AND (Sem) De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##.+.) Ci#,%h. 14'
4/ 2AND (Aeria$ Roo) De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##.+.) Ci#,%h. 14/
47 2AND (F$oDer) De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##.+.) Ci#,%h. 14=
4= 2AND (Frui) De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##.+.) Ci#,%h. 14B
44 2ANEA?:RA)A (Frui) Ce#raherum a#he$mi#icum (&.)
)u#ze
1B1
4B 2IDR:)ANDA (9uber) !ueraria ubero%a DC 1B'
B6 2IRA& (Sem 8ar3) Dio%";ro% ex%cu$"a 8uchHHam 1B/
B1 2IJA& (Roo) 9richo%a#he% braceaa (&am) 2oi, 1B=
B2 2E1HRANA)HA (Frui) Ca""ari% horrida &i## 1BB
v
Appendix-1
1.1 Apparatus for Tests and Assays
1.1.1-Nessler Cylinder
1.1.2-Sieves
1.1.2-Thermometers
1.1.4-Volumetric Glass-ware
1.1.5- Weihts and !alances
Appendix-2
2.1 Testing Drugs
2.1.1- Systematic Study o" Crude #rus
2.1.2- $icrosco%ic methods o" &'aminin Crude Veeta(le #rus
2.1.)- Ty%es o" Stomata
2.1.4- #etermination o" Stomatal *nde'
2.1.5-#etermination o" +alisade ,atio
2.1.--#etermination o" Vein .*slet Num(er
2.1./-#etermination o" Stomatal Num(er
2.2 Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drugas
2.2.1-Sam%lin o" drus
2.2.2- 0orein $atter and #etermination o" 0orein matter
2.2.)-#etermination o" Total 1sh
2.2.4-#etermination o" 1cid *nsolu(le 1sh
2.2.5-#etermination o" Water Solu(le 1sh
2.2.--#etermination o" 1lcohol solu(le &'tractive
2.2./-#etermination o" Water Solu(le &'tractive
2.2.2-#etermination o o" &ther Solu(le &'tractive 30i'ed 4il Content5
2.2.6-#etermination o" $oisture Content 37oss on #ryin5
2.2.18-#etermination o" Volatile 4il in #rus
2.2.11-S%ecial +rocesses used in 1l9aloidal 1ssays
2.2.11-a-Continuous &'traction o" #rus
2.2.11-(-Tests "or Com%lete &'traction o" 1l9aloids
2.2.12-Thin 7ayer Chromatora%hy 3T7C5
2.2.1)- Starch estimation 3$ont Gomery 165/5
:S%ectro%hotometric $ethod ;
2.2.14 - Suar estimation 3$ont Gomery 165/5 :S%ectro%hotometric method;
2.2.15 - 0atty oil estimation
2.2.1- - #etermination o" 0oamin inde'
2.2.1/ - +rotein estimation 37owry et al, 16515
2.2.1/a - *solation o" 0ors9ohlin 3Shah et al.< 16285
2.2.12 - $ethod "or 1l9aloid estimation
vi
2.3 Limit Tests
2.).1- 7imit Test "or 1rsenic
2.).2-7imit Test "or Chlorides
2.).)-7imit Test "or =eavy $etals
2.).4-7imit Test "or *ron
2.).5-7imit Test "or lead
2.).--Sul%hated 1sh
2.)./-7imit Test "or Sul%hates
Appendix-3
3.1 !ysi"al Tests and determinations
2.).1-+owder 0ineness
2.).2-,e"ractive *nde'
2.).)-Weiht %er milliliter and S%eci"ic Gravity
Appendix-#
#.1 $eagents and %olutions
Appendix-&
5.1- Weihts and $easures
5.2- 1%%ro'imate &>uivalents o" #oses in *ndian System and $etric System
Appendix- '
(lassi"al Ayurvedi" $eferen"es
)ndex
*nglis! e+uivalents of Ayurvedi" "lini"al "onditions and diseases
$onora%h %u(lished Volume-*
$onora%hs %u(lished in Volume-**
$onora%hs %u(lished in Volume-***
$onora%hs %u(lished in Volume-*V
vii
LEGAL NOTICES
In India there are laws dealing with drugs that are the subject of monographs
which follow. hese monographs should be read subject to the restrictions imposed
b! these laws wherever the! are applicable.
It is e"pedient that en#uir! be made in each case in order to ensure that the
provisions of the law are being complied with.
In general$ the %rugs & Cosmetics Act$ '()* +subse#uentl! amended in '(,)
and '(-./$ the %angerous %rugs Act$ '(0* and the 1oisons Act$ '('( and the rules
framed thereunder should be consulted.
2nder the %rugs & Cosmetics Act$ the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia of India
+A.1.I./$ 1art3I$ 4ol. II$ is the boo5 of standards for single drugs included therein and
the standards prescribed in the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia of India$ 1art3I$ 4ol. II
would be official. If considered necessar! these standards can be amended and the
Chairman of the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia Committee authorised to issue such
amendments. 6henever such amendments are issued the A!urvedic
1harmacopoeia of India$ 1art3I$ 4ol. II$ would be deemed to have been amended
accordingl!.
viii
GENERAL NOTICES
Title - The title of the book is Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of
Name of the Drugs - The name given on the top of each monograph of the drug is in
Sanskrit as mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics and/or in the Ayurvedic Formulary of
India Part-I and Part-II !ill be considered official" These names have been arranged in
#nglish alphabetical order" The $atin name %ta&onomical nomenclature' of each drug as
found in authentic scientific literature has been provided in the monograph in the
introductory paragraph" The official name !ill be the main title of the drug and its
scientific name !ill also be considered as legal name"
Introductory Para - #ach monograph begins !ith an introductory paragraph indicating
the part scientific name of the drug in $atin !ith short description about its habit
distribution and method of collection if any"
Synonyms - Synonyms of each drug appearing in each monograph in Sanskrit #nglish
(indi )rdu and other Indian regional languages have been mentioned as found in the
classical te&ts Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part-I and Part-II as procured from the
e&perts scholars of Ayurveda and officials in the field from different states"
Italics - Italic type has been used for scientific name of the drug appearing in the
introductory paragraph of each monograph as also for chemicals and reagents
substances or processes described in Appendi&"
Odour and Taste - *herever a specific odour has been found it has been mentioned
but the description as +odourless, or +no odour, has in many cases been avoided in the
description as large numbers of drugs have got no specific odour" The odour- is
e&amined by directly smelling ./ g of the po!dered drug contained in a package or
freshly po!dered" If the odour is discernible the sample is rapidly transferred to an open
container and re-e&amined after 0/ minutes" If the odour persists to be discernible it is
described as having odour"
The Taste- of a drug is e&amined by taking a small 1uantity of 2/ mesh po!der
by a tip of moist glass rod and applying it on tongue previously rinsed !ith !ater" This
may not be done in case if poisonous drugs indicated in monograph"
Mesh Number - *herever the po!dering of the drug has been re1uired the sieve 3esh
4umber 2/- has been used" This !ill not apply for drugs containing much oily substance"
Weights and Measures - The metric system of !eights and measures is employed"
*eights are given in multiples or fractions of a gramme %g' or of a milligram %mg'" Fluid
measures are given in multiples or fractions of millilitre %ml'"
*hen the term drop- is used the measurement is to be made by means of a
tube !hich delivers in .5 drops 0 gram of distilled !ater at 0/
o
6"
3etric measures are re1uired by the Pharmacopoeia to be graduated at .5
o
6 and
all measurements involved in the analytical operations of the Pharmacopoeia are
intended unless other!ise stated to be made at that temperature"
Identity, Purity and Strength - )nder the heading Identification- tests are provided
as an aid to identification and are described in their respective monographs"
i"
The term Foreign 3atter- is used to designate any matter !hich does not form
part of the drug as defined in the monograph" 7egetable drugs used as such or in
formulations should be duly identified and authenticated and be free from insects
pests fungi micro-organisms pesticides and other animal matter including animal
e&creta be !ithin the permitted and specified limits for lead arsenic and heavy metals
and sho! no abnormal odour colour sliminess mould or other evidence of
deterioration"
The 1uantitative tests e"g" total ash acid-insoluble ash !ater-soluble ash
alcohol-soluble e&tractive !ater- soluble e&tractive ether-soluble e&tractive moisture
content volatile oil content and assays are the methods upon !hich the standards of
Pharmacopoeia depend" The methods for assays are described in their respective
monographs and for other 1uantitative tests methods are not repeated in the te&t of
monographs but only the corresponding reference of appropriate appendi& is given" The
analyst is not precluded from employing an alternate method in any instance if he is
satisfied that the method !hich he uses !ill give the same result as the
Pharmacopoeial 3ethod" In suitable instances the methods of microanalysis if of
e1uivalent accuracy may be substituted for the tests and assays described" (o!ever in
the event of doubt or dispute the methods of analysis of the Pharmacopoeia are alone
authoritative"
Limits for ea!y Metals 8 All Ayurvedic 9rugs %Single/6ompound formulation' must
comply !ith the limits for (eavy 3etals prescribed in individual 3onograph and !herever
limit is not given then they must comply !ith the limits given in *(: publication
;uality 6ontrol 3ethods for 3edicinal Plants and 3aterial-"
Standards - For statutory purpose statements appearing in the API Part-I 7ol" 7
under 9escription those of definition of the part and source plants and Identity Purity
and Strength shall constitute standards"
Thin Layer "hromatogra#hy $T%L%"%& - )nder this head !herever given the number
of spots and <f values of the spots !ith their colour have been mentioned as a guide for
identification of the drug and not as Pharmacopoeial re1uirement" (o!ever the analyst
may use any other solvent system and detecting reagent in any instance if he is satisfied
that the method !hich he uses even by applying kno!n reference standards !ill give
better result to establish the identity of any particular chemical constituent reported to
be present in the drug"
'uantities to be (eighed for )ssays and Tests - In all description 1uantity of the
substance to be taken for testing is indicated" The amount stated is appro&imate but the
1uantity actually used must be accurately !eighed and must not deviate by more than
05 per cent from the one stated"
"onstant Weight - the term 6onstant *eight- !hen it refers to drying or ignition
means that t!o consecutive !eighings do not differ by more than 0"5 mg per g of the
substance taken for the determination the second !eighing follo!ing an additional hour
of drying on further ignition"
"onstituents - )nder this head only the names of important chemical constituents
groups of constituents reported in research publications have been mentioned as a guide
and not as pharmacopoeial re1uirement"
Percentage of Solutions - In defining standards the e&pression per cent %=' is used
according to circumstances !ith one of the four meanings given belo!"
Per cent !/! %percentage !eight in !eight' e&presses the number of grammes of
active substance in 055 grammes of product"
"
Per cent !/v %Percentage !eight in volume' e&presses the number of grammes of
active substance in 055 millilitres of product"
Per cent v/v %percentage volume in volume' e&presses the number of millilitres of
active substance in 055 millilitres of product"
Per cent v/! %percentage volume in !eight' e&presses the number of millilitres
of active substance in 055 grammes of product"
Percentage of alcohol - All statements of percentage of alcohol %6.(/:(' refer to
percentage by volume at 0/"/>
o
6"
Tem#erature - )nless other!ise specified all temperatures refer to centigrade %celsius'
thermometric scale"
Solutions - )nless other!ise specified in the individual monograph all solutions are
prepared !ith purified !ater"
*eagents and Solutions - The chemicals and reagents re1uired for the test in
Pharmacopoeia are described in Appendices"
Solubility - *hen stating the solubilities of 6hemical substances the term Soluble- is
necessarily sometimes used in a general sense irrespective of concomitant chemical
changes"
Statements of solubilities !hich are e&pressed as a precise relation of !eights of
dissolved substance of volume of solvent at a stated temperature are intended to apply
at that temperature" Statements of appro&imate solubilities for !hich no figures are
given are intended to apply at ordinary room temperature"
Pharmacopoeial chemicals !hen dissolved may sho! slight physical impurities
such as fragment of filter papers fibres and dust particles unless e&cluded by definite
tests in the individual monographs"
*hen the e&pression parts- is used in defining the solubility of a substance it is
to be understood to mean that 0 gramme of a solid or 0 millilitre of a li1uid is soluble in
that number of millilitres of the solvent represented by the stated number of parts"
*hen the e&act solubility of pharmacopoeial substance is not kno!n a
descriptive term is used to indicate its solubility"
"i
The follo!ing table indicates the meaning of such terms ?-
Descri#ti!e terms *elati!e +uantities of sol!ent
7ery soluble $ess than 0 part
Freely soluble From 0 to 05 parts
Soluble From 05 to @5 parts
Sparingly soluble From @5 to 055 parts
Slightly soluble From 055 to 0555 parts
7ery slightly soluble From 0555 to 05555 parts
Practically insoluble 3ore than 05555 parts
Thera#eutic uses and im#ortant formulations 8Therapeutic uses and important
formulations mentioned in this Pharmacopoeia are as provided in the recognised
Ayurvedic classics and in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part 8I and Part-II"
Doses 8 The doses mentioned in each monograph are in metric system of !eights
!hich are the appro&imate conversions from classical !eights mentioned in Ayurvedic
te&ts" A conversion table is appended giving classical !eights of Ayurvedic System of
3edicine !ith their metric e1uivalents" 9oses mentioned in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia
of India %A"P"I"' are intended merely for general guidance and represent unless
other!ise stated the average range of 1uantities per dose !hich is generally regarded
suitable by clinicians for adults only !hen administered orally"

It is to be noted that the relation bet!een doses in metric and Ayurvedic systems
set forth in the te&t is of appro&imate e1uivalence" These 1uantities are for convenience
of prescriber and sufficiently accurate for pharmaceutical purposes"
The abbreviations commonly employed are as follo!s?
)bbre!iations of technical terms
m" 3etre
l" $itre
mm" 3illimetre
cm" 6entimetre
A" 3icron %5"550 mm'
Bg" Bilogram
g" Cramme
mg" 3illigram
ml" 3illilitre
I4" 4ormal solution
5"/ 4" (alf-normal solution
5"0 4" 9ecinormal solution
03" 3olar solution
Fam" Family
PS" Primary Standards
TS" Transverse Section
"ii
)bbre!iations used for Languages
Sansk" Sanskrit
Assam" Assamese
Deng" Dengali
#ng" #nglish
CuE" CuErati
Ban" Bannada
Bash" Bashmiri
3al" 3alayalam
3ar" 3arathi
:ri" :riya
PunE" PunEabi
Tam" Tamil
Tel" Telugu
),,*-.I)TIONS /O* P)*TS O/ PL)NTS
6otyledon 6otldn"
Flo!er Fl"
Fruit Fr"
(eart *ood (t" *d"
$eaf $f"
Pseudo-bulb Pseudo-bulb
<oot Dark <t" Dk"
<oot <t"
<hiFome <F"
Seed Sd"
Stem Dark St" Dk"
Stem St"
Tuberous <oot Tub" <t"
*ood *d"
*hole Plant *h" Pl"
"iii
1. Amra Haridra (Rz)
MRA HARIDR (Rhizome)
mra HaridrO co#%i%% o+ he rhizome o+ Curcuma amada Roxb. (Fam.
Ii#,iberaceae)P a bie##ia$ Dih o-oid roo %oc3P 76 o B6 cm hi,hP ,roD# i# .. 8e#,a$
a#d o# he hi$$% o+ De% coa% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q mrOdra3amP mra,a#dhaHharidrO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Aamaa Aadaa
C#,$i%h Q Ma#,oH,i#,er
1u<rai Q Aambaa ha$dhar
Hi#di Q AamaaHha$diP Ami;aa ha$di
)a##ada Q Ambara%i#iP Hu$i Ar%i#
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Ma#,a;i#<i
Marahi Q Aambe ha$adP Ambaa ha$ad
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q Ambi;a ha$adi
9ami$ Q Ma#3a;;i#<i
9e$u,u Q Mamidi A$$amu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Rhizome $aera$$; +$ae#edP $o#,iudi#a$$; Dri#3$edP 2 o 7 cm $o#,P 6./ o 2 cm
i# diameerP bra#chedP rem#a# o+ %ca$; $ea-e% arra#,ed circu$ar$; ,i-i#, he a""eara#ce
o+ ,roDh ri#,%R cu "iece% 1./ o './ cm i# diameerP circu$arP "u#cae %car% o# he
%ur+aceP bra#chi#, %;m"odia$P horizo#a$R roo% $o#,P u#bra#chedP a"eri#,P hread $i3eP
;e$$oDi%hHbroD#R rhizome bu++ co$oured Dih %hor a#d %mooh +racureR odour a#d a%e
$i3e raD ma#,o.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ rhizome circu$ar i# ou$i#eR e"iderma$ ce$$% reca#,u$arHo-a$R cuic$e hic3P
$o#, u#ice$$u$ar richome% "re%e#P %oried %uberized cor3 ce$$% i#erru"ed b; $;%i,e#ou%
oi$ ,$a#d%R a Dide corex ha-i#, irre,u$ar$; %caered -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%P each -a%cu$ar
bu#d$e Dih a "romi#e# +ibrou% %heahR i##er $imi o+ corex mar3ed b; e#dodermi%
+o$$oDed b; "eric;c$eR -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% de-oid o+ %heahP arra#,ed i# a ri#,R
%chizo,e#ou% ca#a$% a#d abu#da# oi$ ce$$% Dih %uberized Da$$% +ou#d i# corex a#d i#
'
ce#ra$ re,io#R mo% o+ he "are#ch;maou% ce$$% +i$$ed Dih %arch ,rai#%P Dhich are
o-a$He$$i"%oida$P %omeime% "o$;,o#a$ i# %ha"eP 16 o 76 ? mP %im"$eP hi$um circu$ar or a
2 o / ra;ed c$e+P $ame$$ae di%i#c a#d co#ce#ricR -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% i# he ce#ra$
c;$i#der are %imi$ar o ho%e i# he corexP %caeredP c$o%edP co$$aera$P %urrou#ded b;
%heah o+ hic3 Da$$ed ce$$%R %eco#dar; Da$$ hic3e#i#, reicu$aeR +ibre% hi# Da$$ed
$i,#i+iedP $ume# #arroD.
!oDder H !oDder $i,h ;e$$oDP %DeeP raD ma#,o $i3e odourR %hoD% +ra,me#% o+ %oried
cor3P x;$em -e%%e$% Dih reicu$ae hic3e#i#,%P $i,#i+ied x;$em +ibre%P oi$ ce$$%P "ache%
o+ "are#ch;maou% ce$$% +i$$ed Dih %arch ,rai#% Dhich are o-a$He$$i"%oida$P %omeime%
"o$;,o#a$ i# %ha"eP 16 o 76 ?mP %im"$eP hi$um circu$ar or a 2 o / ra;ed c$e+P $ame$$ae
di%i#c a#d co#ce#ric. !oDder Dhe# reaed Dih 1N aGueou% Na*H become% ,ree#
Dih ;e$$oDi%h i#,e u#der >2 2/0 #mR Dih 1N HC$ a#d #iroce$$u$o%e i# am;$aceae
added o#e a+er he oherP "oDder become% ora#,e i# da;$i,h.
IDCN9I9EP !>RI9E AND S9RCN19H

Forei,# maer No more ha# 1 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.2.
9oa$ A%h No more ha# 12 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# 2 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.
A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# B "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 10 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.
Sarch No $e%% ha# 17 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.1'
C%%e#ia$ oi$ No $e%% ha# 1 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.16

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he meha#o$ic exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ @1@ "$ae (6.2 mm hic3)
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae Q meha#o$ (/ Q 6./ Q 6.6/) %hoD% +$uore%ce# zo#e% a R+.
6.16 (,ree#) a#d 6.'0 (b$ue) u#der >2 ('77 #m). *# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH
%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 126
6
CP %"o% o+ "ur"$e
co$our a""ear a R+
.
6.17P 6.'2P 6.=2 a#d 6.B=.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 2o$ai$e oi$ (AH"i#e#eP BHcam"hor)PAHcurcume#eP 1HC curcume#eP
"h;o%ero$.

!R*!CR9ICS AND AC9I*N
Ra%a Q MadhuraP 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP Sara
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#SP )a"haharaP !iaharaP Ruci"radaP 2UV;a
.
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H A%hi%a#dhO#a3a &e"a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H )aWXuP 2ra#aP )O%aP J-O%aP Hi33OP ?-araP Abhi,hOa<a JohaP
)arWaYu$aP Sa##i"Oa
D*SC H 2H 0 ,.

0
2. A#i%hu#a (Fr)
ANISNA (Frui)
A#i%Z#a co#%i%% o+ dried +rui o+ !im"i#e$$a a#i%um &i##. (Fam. A"iaceae)R a#
a##ua$ erec "$a# i#roduced a#d cu$i-aed i# I#dia a >ar !rade%hP *ri%%a a#d !u#<ab.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q J-ea"uV"O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Muhuri
C#,$i%h Q A#i%e
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q 8adi;a# RumeeP Sau"hP A#i%oo#
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q A#i%u#a Sho"a
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Shombu
9e$u,u Q HH
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he +rui% are e#ire cremocar"P ' o / mm $o#, a#d 1 o 2 mm DideP o-oidP
,e#era$$; aached Dih %$e#der "edice$P %;$o"od% Dih bi+urcae %hor %;$e%R ,ree#i%hH
;e$$oD or ,ree#i%hHbroD# i# co$ourR rou,h o ouch due o he "re%e#ce o+ richome%R
"rimar; rid,e% 4 o 12 i# #umber Dih u#i+orm DidhR odour characeri%ic a#d a%e
%Dee a#d aromaic.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ +rui %hoD% %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% Dih %ma$$P #umerou%P co#ica$P
mo%$; u#ice$$u$arP occa%io#a$$; Do ce$$edP hic3 Da$$ed a#d Dar; richome%P -a%cu$ar
i%%ue% "re%e# u#der he rid,e%R abou 06 -iae are "re%e# o# he dor%a$ %ur+ace a#d Do
$ar,e -iae o# commi%%ura$ %ur+aceR a +eD o+ he -iae are bra#chedR %ma$$ "ach o+
me%ocar"ic %o#e ce$$% are "re%e# a he commi%%ura$ %ur+aceR i##er e"idermi%
re"re%e#ed b; "arGuer; $a;er co#%i%i#, o+ a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$%R e#do%"erm
exhibi% hic3 Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$% Dih #umerou% a$euro#e ,rai#% u%ua$$; co#ai#i#,
a mi#ue ro%ee o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a#d occa%io#a$$; oi$ ,$obu$e%.
)
!oDder H !oDder %hoD% +ra,me#% o+ -a%cu$ar e$eme#% Dih %ca$ari+ormP %"ira$ a#d
reicu$ae hic3e#i#,R %riaed e"iderma$ ce$$% Dih occa%io#a$ a#omoc;ic %omaaP hi#
Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%P a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$% o+ "arGuer; $a;erP hic3 Da$$ed
ce$$% o+ e#do%"erm Dih a$euro#e ,rai#% co#ai#i#, mi#ue ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae
a#d oi$ ,$obu$e%P %caered a$euro#e ,rai#% Dih cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a#d %ma$$
co#ica$P u#ice$$u$arP occa%io#a$$; bice$$u$arP Dar; richome%R +ibre%P %o#e ce$$% a#d
-iae Dih u#der$;i#, "arGuer; ce$$%.

A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 1/ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# '6 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

ASSAE
9he dru, o# %eam di%i$$aio# ;ie$d% co$our$e%% oi$P #o $e%% ha# 1.4[ -\D (A""e#dix
2.2.16).

9.&.C.
9&C o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae% (Merc3)P u%i#, 9ou$e#e Q Ch;$
aceae (B'.=) %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0#m) +i-e %"o% a R+.6.14P 6.'2(boh ora#,e)P
6.'4(Dhie)P 6.00 (red)P 6.44(-io$e)R o# ex"o%ure o iodi#e -a"our% +our ;e$$oD %"o%
a""ear a R+.6.2'P 6.'2P 6.'4 a#d 6.44R o# ex"o%ure% o Dih -a#i$$i#H%u$"huric acid a#d
heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
C +or 16 mi#ue%P %ix -io$e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.14P 6.2'P 6.'2P
6.'4P 6.76 a#d 6.44.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 2o$ai$e oi$P +ixed oi$% a#d "roei#.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP 5i3VWa
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP 2OO#u$oma3aP Ra3Vo,h#aP ra-a<a#a#a

7
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 8rOhmS 2aTS

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP dhmO#aP )a"ha-i3OraP MZra,hOaP 8O$a,raha
D*SC H 1H' ,.
^. S. +or dhZ"a#Orha _+umi,aio#`.

,
'. A#3o$aha (&+)
A()*&AH (&ea+)
Aa3o$ah co#%i% o+ dried $ea+ o+ A$a#,ium %a$-ii+o$ium (&i##. +.) .a#,. %;#. A.
$amarc3ii 9hD.R (Fam. A$a#,iaceae)P a %ma$$ ree +ou#d o-er he "$ai#% a#d +oohi$$%
hrou,hou I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q A#3o$aP A#3oTaP Deer,ha3ee$aP Ni3ocha3aP 9Omra"ha$aP 1u"a S#eha
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q A3ar3a#aP 8a,ha#3uraP Aa#3odP A#,3uraP Dha$a3ura
C#,$i%h Q Sa,eH$ea-ed A$a#,ium
1u<rai Q A#3o$P *#3$a
Hi#di Q A#3o$P A#3oraP Dhera
)a##ada Q A#3o$imaraP A#%aro$iP Ari#<i$P A#3o$
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q A#3o$amP 2e$ia#iP Iri#<i$P Chemmaram
Marahi Q A#3o$a
*ri;a Q A#3u$P 8a,ho#o3hi;aP Do$a#3uP )o#3o#o$o
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q A$a#,iP A#3o$umP Ai3oe-am
9e$u,u Q A#3o$amuP >da,uP >r,e#
>rdu Q A#3o$a
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
&ea-e% 4 o1' cm i# $e#,h a#d ' o / cm i# DidhP %im"$eP "eio$aeP "eio$e 7
o1' mm $o#,P $a#ceo$aeP #arroD$; ob$o#, or o-aeP ba%e rou#ded or acueP ,$abrou%
abo-eP "ube%ce# o# he #er-e%P -e#aio# reicu$ae.
b) Micro%co"ic
&ea+ H

!eio$e H C"idermi% %i#,$e $a;eredP co-ered b; cuic$eR #o#,$a#du$arP mo%$; u#ice$$u$arP
rare$; bice$$u$arP u#i%eriae richome%P mea%uri#, u"o 246 ? i# $e#,h a#d u"o 17 ? i#
DidhR = o16 $a;ered co$$e#ch;ma "re%e# <u% be#eah he e"idermi%P +o$$oDed b;
"are#ch;maou% i%%ueR co$$aera$ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% ' o16 i# #umber arra#,ed i# a# arch
a#d %urrou#di#, "are#ch;maou% "ihR -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% com"o%ed o+ x;$em a#d "h$oemR
x;$em co#%i%% o+ +ibre%P racheid% a#d x;$em "are#ch;maR abu#da# ro%ee cr;%a$% o+
8
ca$cium oxa$ae "re%e# i# he "are#ch;ma i%%ueP mea%uri#, u"o 0/ ? i# diam.R
,ra#u$aed "i,me#% #oiced i# a$$ i%%ue% exce" i# he -a%cu$ar bu#d$e.
Midrib H 9.S. %hoD% bico#-ex ou$i#eR e"idermi% o# boh %ur+ace% co-ered b; cuic$eR
abu#da# #o#,$a#du$arP u#ice$$u$ar richome% mea%uri#, u"o '4/ ? i# $e#,h a#d u"o
17 ? i# Didh "re%e# o# e"idermi%R 0 or / $a;ered co$$e#ch;ma %iuaed <u% be#eah he
e"idermi%R co$$e#ch;ma +o$$oDed b; ' or 0 $a;ered ch$ore#ch;maR -a%cu$ar bu#d$e
%urrou#ded b; %c$ere#ch;maou% i%%ue exce" o# $aera$ %ide%R "h$oem $ocaed o# he
ouer "eri"hera$ "ar% o+ x;$emR x;$em mai#$; co#%i%% o+ racheid%P -e%%e$% a#d +ibre%R
ce#ra$ "ar o+ he midrib occu"ied b; "are#ch;ma ce$$%P co#ai#i#, ro%ee% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae cr;%a$%P mea%uri#, u"o 26 ? i# diam.
&ami#a H 9. S. %hoD% dor%i-e#ra$ %rucureR e"idermi% o# boh he %ide% co-ered b;
cuic$eR i# %ur+ace -ieD he $oDer e"idermi% %hoD% %rai,h Da$$edP "o$;,o#a$ ce$$% Dih
"romi#e# cuicu$ar %riaio#% a#d a#omoc;ic ;"e o+ %omaaR u""er e"idermi% eiher
de-oid o+ %omaa or Dih rare o#e%R cuicu$ar %riaio#% a$%o ab%e#R #o#,$a#du$arP
u#ice$$u$ar richome% %imi$ar o midrib abu#da# o# $oDer e"idermi%R u""er e"idermi%
+o$$oDed b; a Do $a;ered "a$i%adeR me%o"h;$$ ra-er%ed b; -ei#%. Di%"er%ed i# he
re,io# are rhomboid ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%P mea%uri#, 16 o 27 ? i# $e#,h a#d 7 o 17
? i# DidhR "a$i%ade raio = o 11R -ei# i%$e #umber 4 o 12R %omaa$ i#dex = o 10.
!oDder H 1ree#i%h broD#P a%e bierR %hoD% racheid%P -e%%e$%P $i,#i+ied +ibre% Dih
a"ered e#d% mea%uri#, 06 o 246 ? i# $e#,h a#d u"o 26 ? i# DidhP ro%ee% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae cr;%a$%P rhomboid cr;%a$%P #o#,$a#du$ar u#ice$$u$ar richome%P ,rou"% o+
"a$i%ade ce$$%P +ra,me#% o+ u""er e"idermi% a#d $oDer e"idermi% Dih a#omoc;ic
%omaa.


A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# / "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 1/ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

ASSAE H
Co#ai#% #o $e%% ha# 6.'/ "er ce# o+ a$3a$oid a% deermi#ed b; he +o$$oDi#, mehod QH
Sox$e exrac coar%e$; cru%hed (2/,) dried $ea-e% o+ A. %a$-ii+o$ium Dih #H
hexa#e (=66 m$) +or 1/ hour%. &ea-e he exhau%ed (de+aed) "$a# maeria$ o dr; a
room em"eraure a#d he# exrac Dih meha#o$ (/66 m$) +or 17 hour%. Remo-e
meha#o$ u#der reduced "re%%ureP acidi+; Dih ' [ aceic acidP Da%h Dih dieh;$ eher
(' x 166 m$) a#d ma3e aGueou% "ha%e a$3a$i#e Dih 16 [ aGueou% %odium carbo#ae.
-
Cxrac he $iberaed (+ree) a$3a$oid% +ir% Dih dich$oromeha#e (' x 166 m$) a#d he#
Dih eh;$ aceae (/ x 166 m$). Combi#e boh he exrac%P e-a"orae o dr;#e%% a#d
Dei,h he re%idue a% oa$ a$3a$oid%.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ 1 "$ae% (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
o$ue#eQ eh;$ aceaeQ dieh;$ami#e (76Q'6Q16) %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0 #m) %ix %"o% a
R+. 6.12 (broD#)P 6.1=P 6.21P6.'4 (a$$ -io$e)P 6.76 a#d 6.77 (boh ;e$$oDi%h ,ree#).
>#der >2 ('77 #m) ei,h +$uore%ce# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.12P (;e$$oD) 6.1=P 6.21(boh
+ai# b$ue)P 6.20 (b$ue)P 6.'6 ("i#3)P 6.'4 (b$ue)P 6.76 a#d 6.77 (boh "i#3). *# ex"o%ure
o iodi#e -a"our #i#e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.12P 6.1=P 6.21 (a$$ ;e$$oDi%h broD#)P 6.20
(reddi%h broD#)P 6.'6P 6.'4P 6./6 (a$$ ;e$$oDi%h broD#)P 6.76 a#d 6.77 (boh ,ree#). *#
%"ra;i#, Dih Dra,e#dor++]% rea,e# %ix ora#,e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.1=P 6.21P 6.20P
6.'6P 6.'4P 6./6.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H A$3a$oid% (A$a#,imarc3i#eP deox;ubu$o%i#eP a#3ori#e)R
cam"e%ero$P e"i%ero$P %i,ma%H/P22P2/Hrie#H' CHo$P
a$a#,idio$ a#d i%oa$a#,idio$.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3aP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP SaraP S#i,dhaP 5i3VWa
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP 2OaharaP 2Oma3aP Reca3aP 2raWaYodha3aP MZra$aP
!Orada JodhraP ?-ar,h#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H (No +ormu$aio#%)

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H 1raha 8OdhOP ?a#u-iVaP ?-araP )UmiP )u33ura-iVaP &ZO-iVaP
Ra3a-i3OraP So"haP 2iVri3OraP 2i%ar"aP Ma%;a-iVaP Ama-OaP
)aWharo,aP SohaP SZ$aP MuVa3a-iVa
D*SC H 2H16 ,.

(
0. Ara,-adha (S.83)
RA12DHA(Sem bar3)
ra,-Odha co#%i%% o+ %em bar3 o+ Ca%%ia +i%u$a &i##. (Fam. Fabaceae)P a medium
%ized deciduou% reeP 7 o B m a$$ Dih bri,h ;e$$oD +$oDer% i# $o#, "e#du$ou% raceme%P
a#d $o#, c;$i#drica$ b$ac3i%hHbroD# "od% o+ 2/ o /6 cm i# $e#,h a#d u"o ' cm i# DidhR
+ou#d Di$d a#d a$%o commo#$; "$a#ed a% or#ame#a$ ree i# mo% "ar% o+ he cou#r; u"
o a# a$iude o+ 1266 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )UamO$aP 2;Odhi,hOaP Jam"O3aP Jam;O3aP @r"adrumaP )UamO$a3aP
RO<a-U3Va.
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q So#daa$eeP So#aa$u
C#,$i%h Q I#dia# &abur#umP !ur,i#, Fi%u$aP !uddi#, "i"e ree
1u<rai Q 1armaa$o
Hi#di Q Ama$aa%P 1irimaa$
)a##ada Q )a33eP )a33emar
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )o##a
Marahi Q 8aah-aa
*ri;a Q Su#aari
!u#<abi Q Ama$aa%P )a#i;aarP 1ird#a$ee
9ami$ Q )o##ai
9e$u,u Q Re$a
>rdu Q Ama$aa%
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Dru, occur% i# +$a or cur-ed hic3 "iece%R ouer %ur+ace %mooh o rou,h Dih
Dar; "ache%R ,ree#i%hH,re; o redR i##er %ur+ace rou,hP reddi%h Dih "ara$$e$ %riaio#%R
+racureP $ami#aeR odourP %Dee a#d characeri%icR a%eP a%ri#,e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
Sem bar3 %hoD% / o 4 $a;er% o+ cor3P com"o%ed o+ %Guare o reca#,u$ar ce$$%R
corex ma#; $a;eredP ouer co#%i%i#, o+ reca#,u$ar ce$$%P midd$e a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed
ce$$% a#d i##er o+ "o$;,o#a$ ce$$%R ,rou"% o+ %o#e ce$$%P o-a$ o e$o#,aed arra#,ed
a#,e#ia$$; +ormi#, a co#i#uou% or di%co#i#uou% ba#dR +ibre% "re%e# i# ,rou"% i# re%
o+ he corexR "h$oem %hoD% %ie-e e$eme#%P "h$oem "are#ch;ma a#d ba% +ibre% i#
"ache%P ra-er%ed b; u#i o ri%eriae medu$$ar; ra;% o+ radia$$; e$o#,aed o-a$ ce$$%R
'*
"h$oem "are#ch;ma o+ reca#,u$ar o "o$;,o#a$ hi# Da$$ed ce$$%R ba% +ibre% moderae$;
hic3 Da$$edP $i,#i+iedP i# ,rou"% %urrou#ded b; cr;%a$ +ibre%R abu#da# i%o$aed ca$cium
oxa$ae "ri%m cr;%a$% "re%e# a$%o i# ce$$% o+ ouer corex a#d i##er corexR %arch ,rai#%
mo%$; %im"$eP bu a +eD Dih 2 or ' com"o#e#% i# "h$oem "are#ch;ma.
!oDder H&i,h broD#R %hoD% hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R #umerou% bu#d$e% o+
$i,#i+ied +ibre% a%%ociaed Dih cr;%a$ +ibre%R %ie-e ube%P ma#;P De$$Hde-e$o"edR
#umerou% %o#e ce$$%P hic3 Da$$edP $ume# #ear$; ab%e#R abu#da# "ri%maic cr;%a$% o+
ca$cium oxa$ae mo%$; "re%e# %i#,$; i# a ce$$ a#d a$%o a% #umerou% cr;%a$ +ibre%R
%arch ,rai#% mo%$; %im"$eP 2 or ' i# com"ou#d ,rai#%P hi$um i#co#%"icuou%.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# 1' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he dieh;$ eher exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3)
u%i#, "ero$eum eher Q eh;$ aceae Q +ormic acid (1/Q2./Q6.2) %hoDed %"o% a R+ 6.1BP
6.24P 6./0 a#d 6.=2 (a$$ "i#3) o# %"ra;i#, Dih -a#i$$i#H%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d
heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o
C +or abou e# mi#ue%.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H A#hraGui#o#e%P a##i#%P %ero$%.

Ra%a Q 9i3a
1u#a Q 1uru
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q !iaharaP 2OaharaP )oVhaYuddhi3ara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H A-io$adi 8ha%ma )VOraP MO#a%amira 2aTa3a

''
9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP AruciP 1u$maP ?-araP )UmiP Ra3a"iaP 1aWXamO$OP
>"adab%aP )uVThaP 2iba#dhaP )Oma$OP HUdro,aP 2Oara3aP
JohaP MZra3UcchraP DOhaP >dara-i3OraP !ramehaP 2raWaP
)aWduP 1raha#SP AYmarS.
D*SC H /6 H 166 m$ 3-Oha.

'.
/. A%"hoa (R)
S!H*5 (Roo)
%"hoTO co#%i%% o+ he dried roo "iece% o+ 2a$$ari% %o$a#acea )u#ze %;#.
2.he;#ei S"re#,. (Fam. A"oc;#aceae)P a $ar,e Dood; c$imbi#, %hrubP occurri#, Di$d i#
%ubro"ica$ Hima$a;a# +ore%%P u" o a# a$iude o+ 1/66 m a#d o# he )o#3a# coa% a#d
+urher %ouhR o+e# cu$i-aed i# he ,arde#% a% a# or#ame#a$ "$a# due o i% +ra,ra#
Dhie +$oDer%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 8hadra-a$$SP %"hoTO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Haa"armaa$i
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q Dudhibe$
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q HH
*ri;a Q 8o#o3o#eri#oiP Ha"oromo$i
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q Na,ama$$eP Ni;ama$$e
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he driedP ;ou#, a#d o$d roo "iece% are $i,hP ou,hP c;$i#drica$P oruou% a#d
rare$; bra#ched. Eou#, roo abou / o 7 cm. i# $e#,h a#d abou 1 o 2 cm. i# diameerP
%ur+ace %mooh o +ai#$; $o#,iudi#a$$; Dri#3$edP Dih ra#%-er%e$; e$o#,aed $e#ice$%P
crac3% a#d ex+o$iaio# a "$ace% ex"o%i#, he i##er DoodP bu++ o ,re;i%h exer#a$$;P "a$e
;e$$oDi%h broD# i#er#a$$;.
*$d roo "iece% are abou / o 12 cm. i# $e#,h a#d ' o 4 cm. i# diameerP %ur+ace
-er; rou,hP 3#o;P $o#,iudi#a$$; +i%%uredP +urroDedP crac3edP "romi#e# roo$e %car%
"re%e#P %ma$$ rou#ded "roubera#ce% e#circ$e he $e#ice$% a#d ex+o$iaio#R earh; broD#
o ,re; exer#a$$;P "a$e broD# i#er#a$$;R ra#%-er%e$; cu %ur+ace %hoD% broD# co$oured
ouer bar3P co$our$e%%P "a"er;P hi# i##er bar3 a#d a Dide zo#e o+ "a$e broD# ce#ra$
'0
DoodP occu";i#, he ma<or area o+ he rooR odour %$i,h$; aromaic a#d irria#R a%eP
bier.
b) Micro%co"ic
Cor3 ma#; $a;eredP ouer o#e $i,#i+iedP i##er +eD $a;er% %uberi%edP cor3 cambium
di%i#c 2 o ' $a;eredP corex #arroD i# ;ou#, roo a#d com"re%%ed i# o$dR
"are#ch;maou%P +i$$ed Dih c$u%er cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a#d %im"$e a% De$$ a%
com"ou#d %arch ,rai#%R "eric;c$e i% characeri%ed b; he "re%e#ce o+ i%o$aed ,rou"% o+
%ma$$P hic3 Da$$edP $i,#i+ied +ibre%R "h$oem ma#; $a;eredP characeri%ed b; Do di%i#c
zo#e%P ce$$% o+ he ouer o#e +i$$ed Dih ;e$$oDi%h broD# co#e#%P he i##er #arroD zo#e
i% de-oid o+ hi%R medu$$ar; ra;% mo%$; u#i%eriaeP rare$; bi o +our%eriaeP #arroDP
a$mo% ru##i#, "ara$$e$ o each oher bu becomi#, Da-; i# he ouer "h$oem a#d
abru"$; ,ei#, broad a i% exremiie% e%"ecia$$; i# ca%e o+ o$d roo%R %ie-e ube%P
com"a#io# ce$$% a#d "h$oem "are#ch;ma di%i#cP a$$ "are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ he
"h$oem i#c$udi#, medu$$ar; ra; ce$$% are +i$$ed Dih abu#da# c$u%er% a#d a +eD "ri%m%
o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% a#d %arch ,rai#%P microc$u%er% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae% arra#,ed
i# roD% +orm he characeri%ic +eaure o+ he "h$oemR hic3 Da$$edP circu$ar $aex ce$$%P
reca#,u$arP a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed oi$ cha##e$% +i$$ed Dih oi$ ,$obu$e% ra-er%e
hrou,hou he "h$oemR a +eD hic3 Da$$edP $i,#i+iedP "ied %o#e ce$$% are $ocaed
e%"ecia$$; i# he o$d roo%R cambium di%i#cP co#i#uou%R x;$em -er; DideP $i,#i+ied
co#%i%i#, o+ mo%$; i%o$aed x;$em -e%%e$% a#d racheid%P boh border H "iedR +iber%
hi# Da$$edR "are#ch;ma a#d medu$$ar$; ra;% "iedP co#ai#i#, %arch ,rai#%.
!oDder H >#der he micro%co"e i exhibi% "o$;,o#a$ $i,#i+ied cor3 ce$$% i# %ur+ace -ieDP
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ he corex a#d he "h$oem ce$$% Dih %arch ,rai#% a#d ca$icum
oxa$ae c$u%er cr;%a$%P "ied x;$em -e%%e$% a#d racheid%P $i,#i+ied "ied medu$$ar;
ra;% ce$$%R occa%io#a$$; ,rou"% o+ $i,#i+ied hic3 Da$$edP "ied %o#e ce$$% a#d hi#
Da$$ed x;$em +ibre% Dih Dide $ume# are a$%o %ee#.

AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# 6.= "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.
A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 7 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he meha#o$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#, ch$oro+orm Q
meha#o$ (BQ1) u#der >2 (2/0 #m) %hoD% "romi#e# %"o% a R+.

6./1P 6.72P 6.74P 6.=7
(a$$ dar3 %"o) a#d 6.B7 (b$ue +$uore%ce#ce). *# ex"o%ure o iodi#e -a"our %"o% a""ear
a R+. 6.12P 6.1BP 6.2BP 6.00P 6./6P 6.7=P 6.46 a#d 6.B/.
')
C*NS9I9>CN9S H

Ra%a Q 9i3aP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 2OaharaP 2raWaYodha3a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 2a<ra3a 9ai$aP Abha;O &a-aW

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP J-O%aP )uVThaP 2raWaP AYmarSP MZra3rcchraP !
Za#O,raha-i%a (8O$aro,a)P 1rahaWSP MZ%a3a 2iVa-i3OraP
ArYa
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'7
7. 8a%a#ri (R.)
8AS9N9R:(Roo)
8a%O#rS co#%i% o+ dried roo o+ Ar,;reia #er-o%a (8urm.+.) 8o<. %;#. A. %"ecio%a
SDee. (Fam. Co#-o$-u$aceae)P a Dood; c$imber Dih %ou %em%P exe#%i-e$; "$a#ed i#
,arde# a$o#, re$$i%e% a#d Da$$% a#d a$%o +ou#d Di$d a% a# e%ca"e.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 2rXdhadOruP A#aha )oTara"uV"SP ChO,a$O#rS
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 8i<aaada3aP 8ridhadara3
C#,$i%h Q C$e"ha# Cree"er
1u<rai Q Samudara So%haP 2aradhaaroP Shamadra%o%h
Hi#di Q Sama#darH3aaH"aaP Samu#dar%o%hP 1haa-a"aaaP 2idhaaraa
)a##ada Q Samudra"a$aP Samudraba$$i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Samudra !acchhaP SamudraH!a$aP Mari33u## Maruuari
Marahi Q Samudra%ho3
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Samudra""achai
9e$u,u Q Samudra"aa$a
>rdu Q Sama#daroha
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo% o+ -ar;i#, %ize% a#d hic3#e%%P hi# "iece% %hoD %omeDha %mooh
broD#i%h exeriorP hic3 "iece% ou,h a#d Dood;P $i,h broD# i# co$ourP rou,hP
$o#,iudi#a$$; %riaedP $e#ice$$ae a#d Dih circu$ar roo %car%R +racure +ibrou%R roo$e%
a#d bra#che%P hi# a#d %omeDha +ibrou%R odourP #i$R a%eP "u#,e#P bier a#d a%ri#,e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. com"ri%e% o+ 7 o B $a;er% o+ cor3 ce$$%P a %i#,$e $a;er o+ "he$$o,e# a#d
u%ua$$; 16 o 12 $a;er% o+ "he$$odermR corica$ ce$$% hi# Da$$ed a#d a#,e#ia$$;
e$o#,aedP co#ai#i#, circu$ar %arch ,rai#%P ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae +ou#d
%caeredR a Dide zo#e o+ %eco#dar; "h$oem co#%i%i#, o+ %ie-e ube%P com"a#io# ce$$%
a#d "h$oem "are#ch;ma "re%e#P ra-er%ed b; medu$$ar; ra;% co#ai#i#, circu$ar %arch
,rai#%R re%i# ca#a$% "re%e#R %eco#dar; x;$em a Dide zo#e com"ri%i#, o+ x;$em -e%%e$%P
racheid%P +ibreHracheid% a#d +ibre%.
',
!oDder H Creami%h broD# Dhe# +re%h ur#i#, ,re;i%h broD# o# %ora,eR %hoD% u#der
micro%co"eP corica$ ce$$% "are#ch;maou% +i$$ed Dih circu$ar %arch ,rai# mea%uri#,
beDee# ' o 17 ? i# diameerR broD# co$ouri#, maer a#d ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae "re%e#R -e%%e$%P racheid%P x;$em "are#ch;maP +ibre% a#d +ibre racheid% "re%e#R
-e%%e$%P drum %ha"edP "ied Dih $ar,e e#d "er+oraio#%R racheid%P much $o#,er ha#
Dide Dih bordered "i%R +ibre% ha-i#, "oi#ed e#d%R +ibre racheid%P ha-i#, b$u# e#d%
a#d a +eD ob$iGue "i%.

AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# 6.4 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ meha#o$ic exrac o+ he roo% o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ 1 "$ae u%i#,
meha#o$ H ch$oro+orm (26 Q 46) %hoDed a b$ue +$uore%ce# %"o u#der >2 ('7/#m) a$o#,
Dih #umber o+ oher %"o% o+ -er; Dea3 i#e#%i;. Due o he "re%e#ce o+ -er; #e,$i,ib$e
amou# o+ a$3a$oid% i# he roo% he%e cou$d #o be i%o$aed. HoDe-erP meha#o$ic exrac
o+ A. #er-o%a %eed% Da% "re"ared a#d 9.&.C. com"ared Dih A. #er-o%a roo% exrac.
9he 9.&.C. "aer# o+ roo a#d %eed exrac% ("re"ared i# meha#o$) Da% %imi$ar a$hou,h
he i#e#%i; o+ %"o% i# ca%e o+ roo exrac% Da% -er; "oor.

1u#a Q &a,huP Sara
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 8a$;aP AdhobhO,aharaP A,#i3araP A%hi%a#dhO#a )OrSP ;ur-
Udhi3araP )O#i3araP )aWh;aP )a"ha-OaharaP Medh;aP Ra%O;a#aP
Ruc;aP S-ar;aP 2UV;aP 2iVa,h#a.

'8
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MiYra3a S#eha

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP Jo"haP A"a%mOraP ArYaP AruciP ma-aaP #OhaP
1raharbOdhOP 1u$maP HUdru<OP )O%aP )UmiP MZra3rchaP
MehaP !OWduP Ra3a"iaP >dO-araP >daraP >#mOdaP
2Oara3aP 2i%ZcSP 2Oaru<OP 2OOrYaP S-a;ahuP )Va;aP !ra
SumP J$S"ada
D*SC H 'H/ ,.

'-
=. 8hur<aha (S.83)
8H>R?AH (Sem 8ar3)
8hur<ah co#%i%% o+ he %em bar3 o+ 8eu$a ui$i% D.Do# %;#. 8.bho<"ara .a$$.
(Fam. 8eu$aceae)P a moderae %ized reeP u%ua$$; Dih a %omeDha irre,u$ar bo$eR
occa%io#a$$; a mere %hrubP +ormi#, he u""er $imi o+ +ore% -e,eaio#P +ou#d hrou,hou
he mai# Hima$a;a# ra#,e a%ce#di#, o a# a$iude o+ 0266 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 8hur<a !arahP MUducchadaP 8ahu$a-a$3a$aP 8hZr<a,ra#ahiP CarmSP
&e3h;a"ara3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 8hoo<"araP 8hu<i"ara
C#,$i%h Q Hima$a;a# Si$-er 8irch
1u<rai Q 8ho<"ara
Hi#di Q 8ho<a"ara
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q 8hur<amaram
Marahi Q 8hoor<a"ara
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q 8ho<a"aram
9e$u,u Q 8hur<a"ari
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8roadP horizo#a$ "a"er $i3e %ri"%P +$a"% or +$a3e% o+ -ar;i#, %ize% or $oo%e$;
$ami#aed ex+o$iai#, "iece% o+ bar3R ouer %ur+ace %mooh %i$-er ,re; or creami%hH
;e$$oD Dih broD# %rea3%R i##er %ur+ace %hi#i#,P reddi%h broD# i# co$ourP %$i,h$;
Dri#3$edP more o+e# de-oid o+ mar3i#,%R odourP %$i,h$; erbi#he#eR a%eH#o#e.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% reca#,u$ar ce$$%P 7 o B $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P
co#ai#i#, "ri%maic ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%.
!oDder H &i,h broD#R "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P Dih a +eD "ri%maic ca$cium oxa$ae
cr;%a$% "re%e#.
'(

9oa$ A%h No more ha# 2.1 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 1B "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 6.4 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ ch$oro+orm exrac o+ he dru, o# a "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ 1 "$ae u%i#, #H
hexa#e Q eh;$ aceae (BQ1)P o# %"ra;i#, Dih &iberma#H8urchard rea,e# a#d heai#,
he "$ae +or abou / mi#ue% a 116
o
CP hree %"o% a""ear a R+ . 6.'1 (b$ac3i%hH,re;)P
6.72 (dar3 "i#3) a#d 6./0 ($i,h "i#3) a#d Dere com"arab$e o he %"o% o+ beu$i#P
$u"eo$ a#d ' CHaceox;H12Ho$ea#e#H24Hoic acid re%"eci-e$;.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 8eu$i#P $u"eo$ a#d ' C H aeox; H 12 H o$ea#e# H 24 H oic acid.

Ra%a Q )aTuP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,hu
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 9ridoVaYama#aP 8hZara3%O3araP 2iVa,h#aP 8a$;aP J$eVmaharaP
Medohara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H A;a%3ri

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H 8O$a,rahaP Ra3a"iaP 2raWaP )arWaro,aP )uVTharo,aP
Ra3Vo,h#adhZ"a#aP A"arO"Oa#aP 1arbha%aa,aP
1ra#hi-i%ar"a
D*SC H 1H' ,.

.*
4. Ca#da (R)
CA@A (Roo)
CaWXO co#%i%% o+ dried roo o+ A#,e$ica archa#,e$ica &i##. (Fam. A"iaceae)P a a$$
"ere##ia$ herb Dih hic3 ho$$oD %em beari#, $ar,e bi"i##ae $ea-e% a#d umbe$% o+
,ree#i%hHDhie +$oDer%R +ou#d Di$d i# i##er -a$$e;% o+ Hima$a;a% -iz. )a%hmirP ChambaP
)u$$uP !a#,iP &ahau$ a#d )i##aur a a$iude% beDee# '266 a#d 0266 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q &a,hu Cora3a
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q Chora3a bhedaP Dudhachoraa
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q HH
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q HH
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9a" roo hic3P Di%edP +$e%h;P hi,h$; aromaic Dih #umerou% roo$e%P ,re;i%h i#
co$ourR odourP mu%3H$i3eR a%eP %Dee.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% "eriderm com"o%ed o+ / o B $a;er% o+ cor3P +o$$oDed b; a $a;er o+
"he$$o,e# a#d a +eD $a;er% o+ "he$$odermP cor3 ce$$% reca#,u$arR corex com"o%ed o+
hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P irre,u$ar i# %ha"e Dih i#erce$$u$ar %"ace% a#d
co#ai# abu#da# %arch ,rai#%R #umerou% o$eoHre%i# ce$$% +i$$ed Dih oi$ ,$obu$e% are
"re%e#P DhichP i# maure roo% ma; de,e#erae a#d +orm irre,u$ar ca-iie%R -a%cu$ar
re,io# a#d corex ra-er%ed b; bi%eriae medu$$ar; ra;%P co#ai#i#, circu$ar %arch ,rai#%P
mea%uri#, u%ua$$; u"o 20 ? bu %ome u"o 7/ ? i# $e#,h a#d 0/ ? i# breadhR "h$oem
a Dide zo#e com"o%ed o+ %ie-e ube%P com"a#io# ce$$%P "h$oem "are#ch;ma a#d
medu$$ar; ra;%R %chizo,e#ou% o$eoHre%i# ce$$% $i#ed b; e"ihe$ium co#ai#i#, ;e$$oDi%h
.'
broD# %ub%a#ce% "re%e# i# hi% zo#eR cambium -er; di%i#c co#%i%i#, o+ 0 o 4 $a;er%R
x;$em co#%i%% o+ -e%%e$% a#d racheid%.
!oDder H Creami%h ;e$$oDR %hoD% u#der micro%co"e drum %ha"ed -e%%e$% Dih reicu$ae
hic3e#i#,%P racheid% e$o#,aed Dih "oi#ed e#d% ha-i#, reicu$ae hic3e#i#,%R +ibre%
#arroD e$o#,aed Dih "oi#ed e#d%R circu$ar %arch ,rai#% "re%e#.

Forei,# maer No more ha# 2.6 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.2.
9oa$ A%h No more ha# = "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
2o$ai$e oi$ No $e%% ha# 6.' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.16

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he meha#o$ic exrac o+ he roo% o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae%P
u%i#, meha#o$ Q ch$oro+orm (2QB4) a% he mobi$e "ha%eP o# %"ra;i#, Dih 2[ -a#i$$i# i#
%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or +i-e mi#ue% a 116
o
C %hoDed o# ora#,e
broD# %"o a R+.6.'= (com"arab$e o he %"o o+ %e$imo#e) a#d a ,re;i%h b$ue %"o a R+.
6.74 (com"arab$e o he %"o o+ archa#,e$i#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Co#ai#i#, $imo#e#eP DH"he$$a#dre#eP "i#e#eP "Hc;me#eP
er"i#o$e#eP m;rce#eP +e#cho#eP $i#a$oo$P DHer"i#eo$P
cadi#e#eP bor#eo$P EHcar;o"h;$$e#eP bi%abo$o$P a#,e$ica
$aco#eP a#d oher mo#o a#d %e%Guier"e#e%. *her
co#%iue#% i#c$ude %e$imo#eP archa#,e$i#P ox;"euceda#i#.

Ra%a Q )aTu
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP MZra$aP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP J-O%aharaP 2arWa"ra%Oda3aP
S-eda,h#aP )aWXZ,h#aP Daur,a#dhahara

..
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Mac<i%hOdi 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H A"a%mOraP J-O%aP Hi33OP )aWXuP Ar%aP !ida3OP )oThaP Joha
D*SC H 1H' ,.

.0
B. Cora3aha(R d R.Soc3)
C*RA)AH (Roo Soc3)
Cora3ah co#%i%% o+ dried maure roo a#d roo %oc3 o+ A#,e$ica ,$auca Cd,D.
(Fam. A"iaceae)P a ,$abrou% herbP u"o 1./ m a$$P %em erecP ,roo-ed a#d +i%u$ar Dih
"i##ae$; di-ided $ea-e% ha-i#, com"ou#d umbe$% o+ Dhie or "ur"$e +$oDer%P +ou#d i#
em"erae #orhHDe% Hima$a;a%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 9a%3arahP )%ema3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Chora3
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q Chora3
Hi#di Q ChoraaP 1a#dra;a#P Ri3ha Choraa
)a##ada Q Chora3a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Chora3a !u$$u
Marahi Q Cora3
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q ChoraaP Churaa
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q 1addi Da-a#amu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo %oc3 Q Sma$$P hic3 "iece%P / o 1/ cm $o#, a#d 1 o ' cm i# hic3#e%%R ;e$$oDi%h o
,re; i# co$ourP rou,h due o he "re%e#ce o+ dee" +urroD% a#d $o#,iudi#a$ Dri#3$e%R
+reGue#$; croD#ed Dih $ea+ or %em ba%eR +racureP hard a#d +ibrou%R odour
characeri%ica$$; aromaicR a%eP %Dee Dih a bier a+er e++ec a#d "u#,e# aromaic
+$a-our.
Roo Q Sma$$ "iece% o+ / o 26 mm i# hic3#e%%P exer#a$$; ,ra;i%hHbroD# a#d %"o#,;R
%ur+ace rou,h due o $o#,iudi#a$ Dri#3$e%P +urroD% a#d ra#%-er%e crac3%R i#er#a$$; i
%hoD% a ;e$$oD "orou% radiai#, Dood %urrou#ded b; dar3 broD# cor3R +racure %horP
%mooh a#d he +racured %ur+ace %hoD% bar3 Dih #umerou% radia$$; arra#,ed
%chizo,e#ou% o$eoHre%i# ca-iie% Dih broD# or ;e$$oD co#e#.

.)
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo %oc3 Q 9.S. %hoD% 7 o 16 $a;ered cor3 o+ a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$%P +o$$oDed b;
' or 0 $a;er% o+ "he$$o,e# a#d a Dide zo#e o+ "he$$oderm co#%i%i#, o+ hi# Da$$ed
"are#ch;ma i# Dhich %chizo,e#ou% ca-iie% "re%e#R "h$oemP co#e %ha"edP ra-er%ed b;
"are#ch;maou% medu$$ar; ra;% +i$$ed Dih circu$ar %arch ,rai#% mea%uri#, beDee# '
a#d 2' ? i# diameerR #umerou% %chizo,e#ou% o$eoHre%i# ce$$% "re%e#R cambium
"re%e#R x;$em arra#,ed i# co#ce#ric $a;er% a#d co#%i%% o+ -e%%e$%P racheid%P +ibre% a#d
x;$em "are#ch;ma a#d ra-er%ed b; medu$$ar; ra;%R "ih co#%i%% o+ hi# Da$$ed
"are#ch;maou% i%%ue i# Dhich %chizo,e#ou% o$eoHre%i# ca-iie%P +i$$ed Dih ;e$$oDi%h
co#e#% o+ re%i# are "re%e#.
Roo Q 9.S. %hoD% "eriderm co#%i%i#, o+ / o 4 $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$ed ;e$$oDi%h H broD#
cor3P a $a;er o+ "he$$o,e# a#d "he$$odermP com"o%ed o+ hi#HDa$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%P
irre,u$ar i# %ha"e Dih i#erce$$u$ar %"ace a#d co#ai#i#, abu#da# %arch ,rai#%
mea%uri#, u"o 26 ? i# diameerR %ome o+ he%e ce$$% di%i#e,rae i# he maure roo%
a#d ,i-e ri%e o %ome irre,u$ar ca-iie%R %chizo,e#ou% ;"e o+ o$eoHre%i# ca-iie% i# hi%
re,io# co#ai# oi$ ,$obu$e% a#d re%i#R "h$oem a Dide zo#e a#d ra-er%ed b; medu$$ar;
ra;%P co#%i%i#, o+ "h$oem "are#ch;maP %ie-e ube% a#d com"a#io# ce$$%R #umerou%
radia$$; arra#,ed %chizo,e#ou% o$eoHre%i# ca-iie% "re%e# i# "h$oem "are#ch;maP
co#ai#i#, ;e$$oDi%h or ;e$$oDi%hHbroD# co#e#%R cambium "re%e#R x;$em diarch a#d
radiai#, Dood ra-er%ed b; "are#ch;maou%P mu$i%eriae medu$$ar; ra;% +i$$ed Dih
%arch ,rai#% mea%uri#, u"o 26 ? i# diameerR Dood co#%i%% o+ -e%%e$%P racheid%P Dood
"are#ch;ma a#d Dood +ibre%R -e%%e$% $ar,eP drum H %ha"ed or e$o#,aedP reicu$ae$;
hic3e#ed ha-i#, ob$iGue or ra#%-er%e "er+oraio#.
!oDder H Ee$$oDi%h H broD#P %hoD% u#der micro%co"eP "are#ch;maou% ce$$% +i$$ed Dih
;e$$oD or reddi%hHbroD# co$ouri#, maer a#d oi$ ,$obu$e%R %chizo,e#ou% ca-iie% a#d
-e%%e$% Dih reicu$ae hic3e#i#,% "re%e#R %arch ,rai#% %im"$eP o-a$ o circu$arP u"o
2/? a""roximae$;.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# 7./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
2o$ai$e oi$ No $e%% ha# 6.0 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.16

.7
9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ e%%e#ia$ oi$ o+ he dru, o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ 1 "$ae u%i#, eh;$
aceae Q hexa#e ('QB=) %hoD% u#der >2 $i,h ('7/ #m) +our %"o% a R+. 6.04P 6.06 d
6.2B (;e$$oDi%h b$ue +$uore%e#ce) a#d 6.2/ (b$ue +$uore%e#ce). *# %"ra;i#, Dih
dra,e#dro++]% rea,e# Do %"o% a R+. 6.04 a#d 6.06 a""eared a% ora#,e co$oured. *#
%"ra;i#, Dih 2[ -a#i$$i#H%u$"huric acid a""ear% +our %"o% a R+ 6.04 d 6.06 (,re;i%hH
"ur"$e)P 6.2B (cremi%h) a#d 6.2/ ("i#3i%hH"ur"$e).
9he meha#o$ exrac o+ he dru, o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ 1 "$aeP u%i#, meha#o$H
ch$oro+orm (2Q B4) %hoD% o#e %"o a R+. 6.=1P a#d eh;$ aceae Q hexa#e (/QB/) a""ear
%i#,$e %"o a R+. 6.21 (;e$$oDi%hHb$ue co$our) u#der >2 $i,h ('7/ #m) a#d Da%
com"arab$e o he %"o o+ ox;"euceda#i#.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H *x;"euceda#i#P 'Hbu;$ide#e "hha$ideP 'Hbu;$ide#e
dihydro%hthalide :3&-and 3F5-liustilide; and dimers o" (utyl
%hthalides :aniolide< anelicolide;.

Ra%a Q MadhuraP )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3VaP 5i3VWa
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP MedoharaP 2Oma3aP 2OaharaP S-edaharaP HUd;aP
Sa<ca%hO"a#aP DS"a#aP !Oca#aP 2ra#a"ra%Oda#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 1udZc;Odi Moda3aP 8a$O%-a,a#dha$O3VOdi 9ai$aP
MahO#OrO;aWa 9ai$a.

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H A"a%mOraP J-O%aP Hi33OP ?-araP )aWXuP )oThaP )uVThaP >#mOdaP
2raWaP !iTi3OP 2iVaro,aP Ra3adoVaP A,#imO#d;aP Jirah JZ$aP
!raiY;O;aP JSa<-araP 8O$aro,a
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

.,
16. Darbha (R)
DAR8HA (Roo)
Darbha co#%i%% o+ roo o+ Im"eraa c;$i#drica (&i##.) 8eau-. (Fam. !oaceae)P a
"ere##ia$P erecP '6 o B6 cm a$$ u+ed ,ra%%P di%ribued i# he hoer "ar% o+ I#dia +rom
!u#<ab %ouhDard%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Ea<cmu$aP >$uP )uu3aP )haradarbhaP J-eadarbha
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q >$u
C#,$i%h Q 9hach ,ra%%P Co,o# ,ra%%
1u<rai Q DaabhdoP Darabh
Hi#di Q DaabhaP SiruP >$u
)a##ada Q Sa##a dabbac hu$$u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q 2idu$am
Marahi Q Dar%#aaP Dhub
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q DaabaP Si$
9ami$ Q Darbhai"u$P Na#a$
9e$u,u Q Darba$uP Darbha ,addiP ModeDa ,addi
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he roo% are +ibrou%P u"o 2 mm. i# diameerP ari%i#, +rom he #ode% o+ %o$o#%R
%ur+ace u#e-e#P Dih +i#e Dri#3$e%P $i,h broD# o dar3 broD# i# co$ourR +racureP
+ibrou%R a%e a#d odourHi#di%i#c.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% Dih a +eD $o#, roo hair%P +o$$oDed b;
corex Dhich ca# be di++ere#iaed i#o ouer a#d i##er re,io#%R ouer corex re"re%e#ed
b; ' o / $a;er% o+ circu$ar o o-a$H%ha"ed hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%R i##er corica$
re,io# exhibi% #umerou% air ca-iie% $i#ed b; hi# Da$$ed radia$$; e$o#,aed
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% +ormi#, he rabecu$aeR he ce#ra$ re,io# o+ he roo exhibi% a
;"ica$ mo#oco;$edo#ou% %rucure ha-i#, 16 o 1/ bu#d$e% o+ x;$em e$eme#%
a$er#ai#, Dih %ma$$ "ache% o+ "h$oem a#d %urrou#ded b; ri#,% o+ e#dodermi% a#d
"eric;c$eR exce" ho%e o+ "h$oem e$eme#% a$$ he ce$$% +rom meax;$em o "eric;c$e
re,io# are hic3 Da$$ed a#d $i,#i+iedR he ce#re o+ he -a%cu$ar c;$i#der i% occu"ied b;
.8
"ih co#%i%i#, o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R he -e%%e$% are border "iedR
racheid% exhibi bordered "i% a% De$$ a% reicu$ae hic3e#i#,R "are#ch;ma o+ -a%cu$ar
re,io# are "ied a#d +ibre% are hic3 Da$$ed Dih "oi#ed o a"eri#, e#d%.
!oDder H 9he "oDder exhibi% +ra,me#% o+ hair%P hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%P hic3
Da$$ed +ibre% Dih a"eri#, or "oi#ed e#d%R border "ied -e%%e$%P e$o#,aed racheid%
Dih a"eri#, o b$u# e#d% exhibii#, reicu$ae hic3e#i#, or bordered "i% a#d
reca#,u$arP hic3 Da$$edP "ied "are#ch;ma ce$$%.

AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# ' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.

9.&.C.
9&C o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# "reHcoaed Si$ica @1@ "$ae% (Merc3)P u%i#,
Ch$oro+ormQ 9ou$e#eQCha#o$QAceic Q .aer (22Q4Q1Q6./Q1P $oDer "ha%e)P %hoD% u#der
>.2. (2/0 #m) Do Dhie +$uore%ce# %"o% a R+.6.=2 a#d 6.02R o# ex"o%ure o iodi#e
-a"our% %ix %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.B0P 6.4/P 6.=2P 6.0/P 6.'B (a$$ ;e$$oD) a#d 6.'7
(ora#,e)R a+er %"ra;i#, Dih /[ eha#o$icH%u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
6
C
+or '6 mi#ue%P e# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.B0 (dar3 broD#)P 6.4/ ($i,h broD#)P 6.=7 (+ai#
broD#)P 6.=2 (broD#)P 6./2 ($i,h broD#)P 6.0/ ($i,h broD#)P 6.'B (-io$e)P 6.'7
(;e$$oD)P 6.27 (ora#,e) a#d 6.21 (+ai# broD#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Co#ai#% +i-e rier"e#oid% -iz. c;$i#dri#P aru#doi#P +er#e#o#P
i%obur#eo$ a#d %imiare#o$.

Ra%a Q MadhuraP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP S#i,dha
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q Ra%O;a#aP 2Oma3aP 9ridaVaharaP MZra-ireca#S;aP Sa#;a<a#a#aP
!i"O%OharaP )uVha,h#aP DOha"raYama#aP

.-
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H )ar"ZrOd;Or3aP 8rOhmara%O;a#aP 9rai3aWTa3a 1hUaP
Su3umOra 1hUa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP DOhaP ?-araP MZra,hOaP MZra3UcchraP Ra3a"iaP
2i%ar"aP 8a%iYZ$aP 9UVOP Ra3a"radaraP Ra3Or%aP !radaraP
!iabhiV;a#da
D*SC H 16H26 , +or decocio#.

.(
11. Dha#-a;a%ah (.h\!$)
DHAN2AESAH (.ho$e !$a#)
Dha#-a;O%ah co#%i%% o+ dried Dho$e "$a# o+ Fa,o#ia creica &i##. %;#. F. arabica
&i##.P F. bru,uieri DC. (Fam. I;,o"h;$$aceae)P a %ma$$ %"i#; u#der %hrub Dih %i++P more
or $e%% "ro%rae bra#che% +ou#d i# #orhHDe% I#dia a#d Decca#.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Duh%"arYOP DurO$ambhOP Dha#-;O%a3ahP 2iru"OP DurO$abhOP
>VTrabha3V;O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Dura$abha
C#,$i%h Q )hora%a# hor#
1u<rai Q Dhamaa%o
Hi#di Q Damaha#P Dhamaa%aP Hi#,uaaP Dha#hare
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )odiu-a
Marahi Q Dhamaa%aa
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q DamaP DhamahP Dhamaha
9ami$ Q 9u$,a#ari
9e$u,u Q Chii,a-aP 1i$are,ai
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo H 9a" roo exer#a$$; broD#i%h ,ree#P rou,hP Dih $o#,iudi#a$ %riaio#%P core
;e$$oDi%hH,ree#R +racureP +ibrou%.
Sem H Sem "iece% 6./ o 1./ cm hic3P o+ -ariab$e $e#,h%R ;ou#, ,ree#P maure broD#R
%"i#;P Do "air% o+ %"i#e% "re%e# a each #odeP %"i#e% %har"P %$e#derP 1./ o 2 cm i#
$e#,hR exer#a$ %ur+ace o+ %em ,ree#P Dhii%h broD# Dhe# dr;P %riaedR ra#%-er%e$;
%moohe#ed %ur+ace %hoDi#, a hi# bar3 a#d "romi#e# DoodP bar3 "ee$i#, +rom %emR
+racureP %hor.
&ea+ H Sma$$P %ub%e%%i$eP $i#earP ob$o#,P $ea+$e% e#ireP ,ree# or b$ac3i%h broD#P 6./ o
1./ cm i# $e#,h a#d 6.6/ o 6.1 cm i# DidhP Dihou a#; "romi#e# midrib re,io#
"ro<eced abo-e he $e-e$ o+ $ami#a.
0*
F$oDer H F$oDer% %ma$$P "a$e ro%e or "ur"$eP "edice$% %$e#derP 7 o 12 mm $o#,R %e"a$% '
o 0 mm $o#,P o-aeP ari%aeR "ea$% Dice a% $o#, a% he %e"a$%P %"ahu$aeP c$aD $o#,R
o-ar; hair;P %;$e a"eri#,.
Frui H !e#a,o#ou% %chizocar"P com"o%ed o+ +i-e com"re%%edP Do -a$-ed cocci.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo H 9.S. %hoD% ouermo% cor3 re"re%e#ed b; 0 or / $a;er% o+ %ma$$P #arroDP
a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$%R "he$$oderm com"o%ed o+ 7 o 16 $a;er% o+ %omeDha
a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aedP hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P %ome ce$$% ha-i#, rhomboid
cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae mea%uri#, 16 o 1/ ? i# $e#,h a#d 4 o 16 ? i# DidhR ouer
"ar o+ %eco#dar; "h$oem characeri%ed b; he "re%e#ce o+ abu#da#P bu %ma$$ "ache% o+
2 or ' hic3 Da$$ed "h$oem +ibre%R Dood com"o%ed o+ -e%%e$%P x;$em +ibre% a#d ra-er%ed
b; 1 o ' %eriae medu$$ar; ra;%R -e%%e$% arra#,ed i# %i#,$e% or doub$e%R +ibre% $o#,P hic3
Da$$ed Dih a"eri#, e#d% a#d mea%uri#, u"o /66 ? i# $e#,h a#d abou 2/ ? i# Didh.

Sem H 9.S. %hoD% more or $e%% circu$ar ou$i#eR %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% Dih hic3
cuic$eR u#ice$$u$ar richome% occa%io#a$$; "re%e#R corex co#%i%i#, o+ = o 16 $a;er% o+
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% %hoDi#, $ar,e "ache% o+ +ibre%R %c$ereid% Dih #arroD $ume#
occurri#, %i#,$; or i# ,rou"% i# he corexP mea%uri#, u"o /6 ? i# diam.R %e-era$
corica$ ce$$% co#ai# a##i#%R %eco#dar; "h$oem co#%i%i#, o+ hi# Da$$ed ce$$%R -a%cu$ar
cambium com"o%ed o+ ' o 0 $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$ed a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$%R
%eco#dar; x;$em com"o%ed o+ +ibre%P racheid%P -e%%e$%P x;$em "are#ch;maR +ibre% $o#,P
hic3 Da$$ed Dih a"eri#, e#d% a#d mea%uri#, 276 o B/6 ? i# $e#,h a#d u"o 26 ? i#
DidhR medu$$ar; ra;% mo%$; u#i%eriae or %omeime% bi%eriaeR "ih com"o%ed o+ $ar,e
hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P %ome ce$$% co#ai#i#, a##i#%R rhomboid cr;%a$%
mea%uri#, 14 o '6 ? i# $e#,h a#d 12 o 26 ? i# Didh "re%e# i# corex a#d "ih.
&ea+ H I%obi$aera$R %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% co#%i%i#, o+ mo%$; a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed
ce$$% co-ered Dih hic3 cuic$e. I# %ur+ace -ieD boh u""er a#d $oDer e"idermii %hoD
a#omoc;ic ;"e o+ %omaaP e"iderma$ ce$$% "o$;,o#a$ i# %ha"eR 2 or ' $a;ered "a$i%ade
ce$$% "re%e# o# boh he %ide%P ad<ace# o he e"idermi%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% %hoD x;$em
oDard% $oDer %ide a#d "h$oem oDard% u""er %ideR %c$ere#ch;ma i%%ue occur a% a
bu#d$e ca" <u% abo-e he "h$oemR %ma$$ $aera$ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% a$%o "re%e# i# $ami#aR
-ei#Hi%$e #umber 11 o10R %omaa$ i#dex 17 o 1= o# $oDer e"idermi% a#d / o = o#
u""er e"idermi%R "a$i%ade raio 2 or ' o# u""er e"idermi% a#d 2 o 0 o# $oDer e"idermi%.
!oDder Ee$$oDi%hHDhieP bier a%eP %hoDi#, ,rou"% o+ +ibre%P bordered "ied -e%%e$%P
+ra,me#% o+ "a$i%ade i%%ueP %c$ereid%P rhomboid cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP cor3 ce$$%P
a#d u#ice$$u$ar ,$a#du$ar a#d #o#,$a#du$ar richome% (boh +rom +rui e"icar")P
e"iderma$ ce$$% (cubica$P reca#,u$ar or "o$;,o#a$) Dih %$i,h$; Da-; Da$$% a#d
a#omoc;ic %omaa.
0'

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae% (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$Q aceic acid (=6Q'6Q6.2) %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0 #m) +our %"o% a
R+. 6.10P 6.'2P 6.07 (a$$ -io$e) a#d 6.=2 (;e$$oDi%h ,ree#). >#der >2 ('77#m) %ix
+$uore%ce# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.10P 6.'2 (boh broD#)P 6.'BP 6./1P 6.71 a#d 6.=2 (a$$
"i#3). *# ex"o%ure o iodi#e -a"our #i#e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.10P 6.1BP 6.24P 6.'/ (a$$
;e$$oD)P 6.07 (+ai# ora#,e)P 6./1P 6.71 a#d 6.=2 (a$$ ;e$$oD). *# %"ra;i#, Dih -a#i$$i#
%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
C +or 16 mi#. e# %"o% a""ear a R+.
6.67 (b$ui%h ,re;)P 6.10 (-io$e)P 6.1B (broD#)P 6.24 (-io$e)P 6.'/ (broD#)P 6.'B (-io$e)P
6.07 (broD#)P 6./1 (-io$e)P 6.71 (broD#) a#d 6.=2 (-io$e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H A$3a$oid% (Harmi#e)R ami#o acid% (a$a#i#eP ,$;ci#eP $euci#eP
ar,i#i#e i%o$euci#eP $;%i#eP "he#;$a$a#i#eP "ro$i#eP ;ro%i#e a#d
-a$$i#e)R er"e#oid% o+ o$ea#a#e ,rou".
Ra%a Q MadhuraP )aTuP 9i3aP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP Sara
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q )a"haharaP MedoharaP !iaharaP 2Oahara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H DurO$abhOdi )-OhaP DurO$abhOdi )aVO;aP RO%#Odi
)-Oha CZrWa (MahO)P 9i3a3a 1hUaP >%SrO%a-aP
)aWTa3ar;O-a$ehaP MahO"a#ca,a-;a 1hUaP DaYam
Z$OriVTaP !u#ar#a-O%a-a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H DOhaP 1rahaWSP 1u$maP ?-araP )O%aP )uVThaP !ramehaP Ra3a"iaP
2Oara3aP 2i%ar"aP Ai%OraP 2iVama<-araP 9UVWOP MohaP MurcchOP
Madaro,aP Ra3a-i3OraP 8haramaP ChrdiP MZr,haa.
D*SC H /H16 , "oDderP
06H46 m$ "hOWTa.

0.
12. Dra-a#i (Sd)
DRA2AN9:(Seed)
Dra-a#S i% he dried %eed% o+ ?aro"ha ,$a#du$i+era Roxb. (Fam. Cu"horbiaceae)P
a# e-er,ree# %hrub Dih %ou bra#che% a#d a %mooh "a"er; bar3P +ou#d mo%$; i# he
b$ac3 coo# %oi$ o+ Decca# bu a$%o +ou#d i# "$ai#% o+ #orher# I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 8Uhadda#SP 2;O,hrairaWXaP !uraYreWS
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q !ur,i#, #u
1u<rai Q Raa#<oa
Hi#di Q &aa$ 8a,hare#dP ?a#,a$i era#di
)a##ada Q Cra#da#e da#iP 9o$a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )aa$aa-a#a33u
Marahi Q 9horada#iP Mo,a$i era#da
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )aama#a33uP Ada$ai
9e$u,u Q Ada-i AmadamP 2ai amudamu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Seed% 7 mm $o#,P 0 mm broad a#d 2 o ' mm hic3P e$$i"%oidP ob$o#,P $i,h broD#
i# co$ourP %ur+ace %mooh Dih media# %uure% o# boh %ide%P Dih a %ma$$ hard broD#i%h
Dhie a#d mi#ue$; $obed caru#c$e rou#d he micro";$eP Dei,h o+ 166 %eed% are 1o 2 ,.
b) Micro%co"ic
Subri,o#ou% o o-a$ i# ra#%-er%e %ecio#R ouer e"idermi% o+ e%a %i#,$e $a;eredP
hic3 Da$$edP "ied #arroD co$um#ar ce$$% Dih dar3 broD# co#e#%R me%o"h;$$
"are#ch;maou% Dih i#erce$$u$ar %"ace% a#d %chizo,e#ou% $aex ube%R he i##er
e"idermi% ha% %hor "a$i%ade o+ #arroD hi# Da$$ed ce$$%P e,me# 17 o 26 ce$$% hic3P he
ouer $a;er %rai,h or cur-i#,P ma$"hi,hia# ce$$% 2 or ' Dih +i#e$; "ied ;e$$oDi%h
broD# Da$$% +o$$oDed b; reddi%hHbroD# e$o#,aed %i#,$e ce$$ed %c$ereid%R he $oDer $a;er
co#%i%% o+ $ar,e "are#ch;maou% ce$$% 12 o 17 $a;er% dee" Dih he i##er ce$$% radia$$;
e$o#,aed a#d cru%hedR i##er e"idermi% #o characeri%icR e#do%"erm com"o%ed o+ ce$$%
+i$$ed Dih %arch ,rai#% a#d oi$ ,$obu$e%P %arch ,rai#% %"herica$ o o-a$P /H26 ?m i#
00
diameerP %im"$eP hi$um circu$ar or i#di%i#cP cre%ce# %ha"ed $euco"$a% a o#e %ide o+
he ,rai#%P $ame$$ae i#di%i#c.
!oDder H !oDder o+ %eed% creami%hHbroD#P muci$a,e#ou% i# a%e Dihou a#; odourP
%hoD% he "re%e#ce o+ "are#ch;maou% "ache%R ce$$% +i$$ed Dih %archP %"herica$ o o-a$P
/ o 26 ?m i# diameerP %im"$eP hi$um circu$ar or i#di%i#cR $ame$$ae i#di%i#cR %c$ereid%
u"o 176 ? $o#, a#d '6 ? broadP oi$ ,$obu$e%P $aici+er%P -e%%e$%P e$o#,aed hic3 Da$$ed
"a$i%ade ce$$P ma$"hi,hia# ce$$%P a#d a$euro#e ,rai#% are ob%er-edR he "oDder Dhe#
reaed Dih 1N HC$ o# a micro%co"e %$ideP become% "i#3 Dhe# ob%er-ed i# da; $i,h
a#d "i#3i%h red u#der >2 $i,h 2/0 #m.

AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# 6.' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# = "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.
Fa; oi$ No $e%% ha# B "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.1/

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he meha#o$ic exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3)
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae Q meha#o$ (46 Q 26 Q 6.0) o# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH
%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 126
o
CP %"o% a""ear a R+.
6.0/P 6./'P 6.40 (a$$ broD#) a#d 6.'1 ("i#3).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H ?aro"hi#P <aro"ho$o#e AP +raxei#P coumari#oH$i,#a# (I).

Ra%a Q )aTu
1u#a Q &a,huP S#i,dhaP 5i3VWa
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP )a"haharaP !iaharaP Reca3aP 2iVa,h#aP 2iXabheda#a

0)
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Mi%ra3a S#eha

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H #OhaP 1u$maP HUdro,aP ?-araP )aWXuP !ramehaP Ra3a-i3OraP
SohaP 9UVWOP >dO-araP >daraP )uVTaP !OWXuP A<SrWaP Su$aP
1rahaWSro,aP 1ara-iVaP 8ha,a#daraP ma-OaP !a3VO,hOaP
>ru%ambhaP 1ra#hSP !Or%-%u$aP !$ShOro,aP DuVTa-raWaP
DuVTaa"aci
D*SC H 2/6 H /66 m, a+er "uri+icaio#.

07
1'. Du,dhi3a (.h.!$)
D>1DHI) (.ho$e !$a#)
Du,dhi3O co#%i%% o+ Dho$e "$a# o+ Cu"horbia "ro%raa .. Ai. (Fam.
Cu"horbiaceae)P a# acce"ed %ub%iue +or C. h;mi+o$iaP he o++icia$ dru,R i i% a %ma$$
more or $e%% "ube%ce#P much bra#ched "ro%rae a##ua$P +ou#d hrou,hou I#dia a% a
#aura$ized Deed.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q S-Odu"arWiP )VSri#SP &a,hudu,dhi3OP NO,Or<u#iP 1ora3Vadu,dhS
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 8araP )haruiP )eraiP Dudi;aP ShDe )eruee
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q Raai Dudhe$eeP Naa,a$aa dudhe$ee
Hi#di Q DudhiP DuddhiP DudhdeeP Chhoidudhi
)a##ada Q )em"u #e#e ha33i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Ni$a""a$
Marahi Q &ahaa# #aa;eeP Naa;eiP &ahaa#dudhi
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q Dodha3P Ha<arda#aP 8aradod3P Hazarda#a
9ami$ Q Siira""a$adiP Siira""a$adi
9e$u,u Q !eddi-ari ma#ubaa$a
>rdu Q Dudhi
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8ra#ched "ro%rae Dih ma#; %em% %"readi#, +rom he roo%P %$e#der u"o 26 cm
$o#,R $ea-e% ,ree# bu occa%io#a$$; "ur"$i%h redP o""o%ieP 2./ o / mm $o#, a#d 2 o 0
mm broadP ob$o#, or %ubGuadraeP i" mucro#aeP ba%e %;mmeric a#d more or $e%%
cordaeP mar,i# %erru$ae i# u""er "orio#P ,$abrou% abo-eP %$i,h$; "ube%ce# be#eah
e%"ecia$$; o# he a"exR "eio$e %horP 1 mm or e-e# $e%% i# $e#,hR a" roo 1 o ' mm i#
diameerR i#+$ore%ce#ce c;ahium i# %hor axi$$ar; racemi+orm c$u%er%P i#-o$ucre $obe%
/P de$oid o-aeP ci$iaeR #ecar; ,$a#d 0P mi#ueR o-ar; ricar"e$$ar;P %uborbicu$arP
%i"iaeP #arroD$; $imbed $o#, %;$e%R %i,ma hree bra#chedP each bi+idR ca"%u$e 1 o 1./
mm $o#,P de#%e$; hair; o# rid,e%P hair% occa%io#a$$; "re%e# o# he %ur+aceR +rui
%ub,$obo%e$; ri,amou%P $o#, %a$3edR %eed% 6.7 o 6.4 mm $o#,P ob$o#,P 0 a#,$edP
%mooh Dih / o= ra#%-er%e rib%P reddi%h broD# a#d b$u#$; "oi#edR %me$$ oi$;R #o
characeri%ic a%e.
0,
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo H 9. S. o+ ;ou#, roo circu$ar i# ou$i#eP e#dodermi% Dihou ca%"aria# ba#d%R
riarch %e$eR maure roo% "he$$oderm 7 o 4 $a;er%P ouer mo% $a;er hic3$; %uberizedR
cor3 ce$$% ob$ieraedR cambium i#di%i#cR broad x;$em -e%%e$% %o$iar; or i# a ,rou" o+
2 or 'P %urrou#ded b; a #umber o+ radia$$; arra#,ed #arroD -e%%e$% a#d racheid%R
medu$$ar; ra;% %horP o#e or Do %eriae a#d exe#d u"o "h$oem.
Sem H Cro%% %ecio# o+ %em circu$ar i# ou$i#eP hic3P #o# %riaed cuic$eP i#erru"ed b;
u#ice$$u$ar or mu$ice$$u$ar u#i%eriae richome% u"o 14/ ? $o#, a#d 1/ ? broadR
"arac;ic %omaa a %ome "$ace%R corex Dih a +eD $aex ca#a$%R "eric;c$ic +ibre% i#
,rou"%R cambium #o di%cer#ib$eR medu$$ar; ra;% #arroDP 1 or 2 ce$$ DideP
"are#ch;maou% "ih Dih i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%.
&ea+ H 9Do ;"e% o+ hair% "re%e# (a) mu$ice$$u$arP mu$i%eriae ,$a#du$ar hair% Dih
%i#,$e a"ica$ ce$$ a $ea+ mar,i#% o#$;P (b) u#i%eriae 1 o ' ce$$ed hair% o# he mar,i#%P a
abaxia$ %ide a#d i# a"exR cro%% %ecio# %hoD% dor%oH-e#ra$ %rucureP %i#,$e $a;ered
u""er a#d $oDer e"idermi%P me%o"h;$$ a#d -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%R i# %ur+ace -ieDP he abaxia$
e"iderma$ ce$$% a#,u$ar Dih %rai,h ce$$ Da$$%P %omaa a#omoc;ic o a#i%oc;icP
%omaa$ i#dice% 1=.7 o 27.' a#d de#%i; 76 o 1'6R adaxia$ e"iderma$ ce$$ Da$$% %$i,h$;
Da-; Dih ,$obu$ar hic3e#i#, a he a#,$e%R %omaa a#i%oc;icP %omaa$ i#dice% 11.0 o
14.= a#d %omaa$ de#%i; 2/ o 76R "a$i%ade raio ' o 7R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% co$$aera$P Dih
bu#d$e %heahR $aici+erou% ca#a$% ob%er-edR -ei# i%$e 1 o / a#d -ei# ermi#aio#
#umber% i% ' o 1'.
!oDder H !oDder ;e$$oDi%hH,ree#P a%e$e%% Dih oi$; odourR o# micro%co"ica$
exami#aio# i %hoD% a#,u$ar a#d %$i,h$; Da-; e"iderma$ ce$$% Dih %omaaP u#i%eriaeP
1 o ' ce$$ed richome% or hair% a#d %ome "iece% o+ ,$a#du$ar hair% "are#ch;maou%
"ache%P $aici+erou% ca#a$%P "o$$e# ,rai#%P "iece% o+ #ecar; ,$a#d%P +ra,me#% o+ -e%%e$%P
racheid%P +ibre% a#d %omaaR Dhe# reaed Dih 1N Na*H i# meha#o$ %hoD% "ur"$e
co$our Dih ;e$$oDi%h i#,eP a#d i# aceic acid reddi%h ;e$$oD co$our u#der >2 H 2/0 #m.

.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 2= "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

08
9.&.C.
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae (46 Q 26) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m.) +$uore%ce# zo#e% a R+.
6.6/ (Maroo#)P 6.1/ ($i,h b$ue) a#d 6.77 (red). *# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric
acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 126
6
CP %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.12
(bri,h ,ree#)P 6.2' ("i#3i%h b$ue)P 6.'2 ("i#3)P 6.'4 (,re;)P 6.04 (dar3 ,re;i%h b$ue)P
6./2 ("i#3)P 6.71 (ma,e#a)P 6.77 (ma,e#a) a#d 6.B0 (b$ue).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 1$uco%ideP 1a$aco%ideP CH%io%ero$P Com"e%ero$P Si,ma%ero$P
Cho$e%ero$.

Ra%a Q MadhuraP &a-aWaP )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q 1uruP Ru3VaP 5i3VWa
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP MZra$aP 2UV;aP 1arbha3Ora3aP 2iVambhi#SP 1rOhSP
Ma$a%ambha3aP DhOu-Uddhi3araP HUd;a.

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 1a,a#a%u#dara Ra%a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H J-O%aP )UmiP )uVTaP !ramehaP Ra3a"iaP !ra-Ohi3OP Ra3OrYaP
!a$iaP Da#aH,hu#aP DadruP S"hoTa
D*SC H /H16 ,.

0-
10. C$a-a$u3am (Sd)
C&A2&>)AF (Seed)
C$a-O$u3ab co#%i%% o+ dried maure %eed o+ !ru#u% a-ium &i##.+. (Fam.
Ro%aceae)P a ree cu$i-aed i# )a%hmir a#d $oDer Hima$a;a% o+ >ar !rade%h a#d ..
8e#,a$R %eed% a-ai$ab$e i# he mar3e are e#c$o%ed i# hard Dood; e#docar".
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Ai$e;ahP C$a-O$ZhP C$u3O3h;ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q C$a-aa$u3a
C#,$i%h Q SDee Cherr;
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q Aa$u-aa$uP 1i$aa%P )ru%aba$a
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q HH
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q Aa$u-aa$u
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8roD# 3er#e$P o-oidP Dih "oi#ed a"ica$ e#d a#d b$u# o""o%ie e#dP Dih rid,e%
o# he %ur+aceP mea%uri#, 6.4 o 1 cm i# $e#,hP Dei,hi#, abou '66 m, eachR %imi$ar o
a i#; a$mo#d 3er#e$P ha-i#, %ame a%e a#d %me$$.
b) Micro%co"ic
Seed H 9.S. o+ %eed %hoD% he ouermo% u#e-e# $a;er o+ %o#e ce$$% i#erru"ed b;
$o#,iudi#a$$; ru##i#, %"ira$$; hic3e#ed -a%cu$ar e$eme#R %o#e ce$$% o-a$ o circu$arP
hic3 Da$$edP "iedP "i ca#a$ c$earP $ume# #arroD (di%i#cio# +rom %o#e ce$$ o+ !.
am;,da$u%P Dhere %o#e ce$$% are %Guari%hP Dih $ar,e $ume#P %hoDi#, "i occa%io#a$$;
a#d +rom %o#e ce$$ o+ !. dome%icaP Dhere %o#e ce$$% are -er; hic3 Da$$edP c$o%e$;
%riaed Dih %ma$$ or ob$ieraed $ume#)R %ize -arie% ,rea$;R %o#e ce$$ $a;er
i#ermi#,$ed Dih -er; co#%"icucou% "i,me# $a;er Dhich co#ai#% hexa,o#a$ ce$$% i#
%ur+ace -ieD Dih De$$ mar3ed "i% o# he Da$$% +o$$oDed b; 2 or ' $a;er% o+
di%i#e,raed ce$$%R hic3P broD# i##er e"iderma$ $a;er co-er% he "are#ch;maou% ce$$%
0(
o+ co;$edo# Dhich are a#,u$arP hic3 Da$$edP com"$ee$; +i$$ed Dih "roei# ,ra#u$e% a#d
oi$ ,$obu$e%R "ro-a%cu$aure ca# be %ee# i# he co;$edo#.
!oDder H .hieP oi$; Dih broD# "iece% o+ %eed coaP %o#e ce$$% o-a$ o circu$ar hic3
Da$$ed Dih "i ca#a$%P %"ira$$; hic3e#ed -a%cu$ar e$eme#%P "are#ch;maou% ce$$%
co#ai#i#, oi$ a#d "roei# ,ra#u$e%.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# ' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o+ he dru, o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3)
u%i#, o$ue#e Q dich$ora meha#e Q eha#o$ Q +ormic acid (16Q/Q'Q1) a% mobi$e "ha%e
%hoD% %e-e# ba#d% o# ex"o%ure o Iodi#e -a"our a R+. 61= (dar3 broD#)P 6.'6P 6.07P
6.76. 6.7=P 6.=1P 6.== (a$$ $i,h broD#). *# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ Cha#o$ic %u$"huric acid
rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or 16 mi#ue% a 16/
o
C ei,h ba#d% a""ear a R+. 6.1=P
6.'6 (boh dar3 broD#)P 6.07P 6./2P 6./4P 6.7=P 6.=1P 6.== (a$$ $i,h broD#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H !ru#a%i# (DHma#de$o#iri$eHCH,$uco%ide)P ûercei#H'H6H
rui#o%;$H=P 'H6Hbi,$uco%ideP )aem"+ero$H'H6Hrui#o%;$H0]HdiH6H
,$uco%idea#d 7Hehox;3aem"+ero$.

Ra%a Q )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP 2iVa,h#a.P Eo#idoVaharaP 2arW;aP Sambha#aP
Ju3raYodha3aP 2eda#O%hO"a#a

)*
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H AY-a,a#dhO 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H ArYaP AruciP DOhaP ?-araP )O%aP )aWXuP )uVThaP !OWXuP
Ra3a"iaP 9UVWOP >#mOdaP 2raWaP ChardiP Hrdro,aP )
U#iro,aP Mu3haro,aP Medro,a
D*SC H ' H 7 ,.

)'
1/. 1a#dira (R)
1A@A:RA (Roo)
1aWXSra co#%i%% o+ dried maure roo o+ Co$eu% +or%3oh$ii 8riG. %;#. C. barbau%
8e#h. (Fam. &amiaceae)P a "ere##ia$ bra#ched aromaic herbR +ou#d i# %ubro"ica$
De%er# Hima$a;a%P Ni$,iri hi$$%P 1u<ara a#d 8iharP a#d a$%o cu$i-aed i# Mahara%hra.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 1aWXSra (Sha$a<a)
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q 1armarP 1arma$
Hi#di Q 1armar
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q HH
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo% $i,h i# Dei,hP $i,h broD#P $o#,iudi#a$$; Dri#3$edP a"eri#,P Dih a +eD
roo$e%P cu %ur+ace ;e$$oDi%hHDhieR +racureP %horP characeri%ic "$ea%i#, odourR a%eP
%$i,h$; bier a#d "u#,e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ roo i% irre,u$ar i# ou$i#eP e"iderma$ ce$$% #o di%cer#ib$e due o
%eco#dar; ,roDhR ouermo% mu$i$a;ered %oried cor3 o+ reca#,u$ar cor3 ce$$%P be$oD
Dhich i% 1 or 2 $a;ered cor3 cambiumP +o$$oDed b; reca#,u$ar "are#ch;maou%
%eco#dar; corica$ re,io# i# Dhich o-a$ %o#e ce$$% Dih #arroD $ume# a#d Da$$% Dih
radiai#, ca#a$% a#d co#ai#i#, rhomboida$ ca$ciumHoxa$ae cr;%a$% "re%e#R -a%cu$ar
cambium i# he +orm o+ co#i#uou% ri#,R "h$oem co#%i%% o+ %ie-e ube%P com"a#io# ce$$%
a#d "h$oem "are#ch;maR medu$$ar; ra;% De$$ de-e$o"edP radiai#,P -ar;i#, i# %izeP
heero,e#ou% a% %ee# i# a#,e#ia$ %ecio#R hi# Da$$edR i# ;ou#, roo he%e are -er;
broad a% com"ared o he o$der o#e%R x;$em re"re%e#ed b; di++u%e "orou% -e%%e$%P
).
mo%$; %o$iar;R x;$em "are#ch;ma %urrou#di#, he racheid% a#d -e%%e$%P +i$$ed Dih
%arch ,rai#% o+ 26 o 76 ? m i# diameerP hi$um di%i#cP %arH%ha"ed ce#ra$ c$e+P
$ame$$ae occa%io#a$$; ob%er-edR x;$em "are#ch;ma De$$ de-e$o"ed i# he ;ou#, rooP
hoDe-er i# he o$der o#e +ibre% abu#da#R ce#ra$ zo#e com"ri%e% o+ com"ac$; arra#,ed
-e%%e$%P +ibre% a#d +ibre racheid%P oi$ ce$$% Dih oi$ ,$obu$e% "re%e# i# corica$ "h$oem
a#d x;$em re,io#%.
!oDder H !oDder ;e$$oDi%hHbroD# Dih "$ea%a# aromaic %me$$P bier i# a%eR "oDder
%hoD% #umerou% %im"$e circu$arP o-oidP e$$i"ica$ %im"$e %arch ,rai#%P 26 o 76 ? m i#
diameerP hi$um di%i#cP %arH%ha"ed ce#ra$ c$e+P occa%io#a$$; $ame$$ae ob%er-edR oi$
ce$$% Dih oi$ ,$obu$e%P racheid% a#d -e%%e$%P "are#ch;maou% ce$$% +i$$ed Dih %archP
ai$ed -e%%e$%P +ibre racheid%P "ri%maic ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%R "oDder become%
,ree#i%hHbroD# u#der >2 2/0 #m Dih #iroce$$u$o%e i# am;$aceae a#d a$%o Dih /6[
)*H.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# B "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# 1./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 2' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.
C%%e#ia$ oi$ No $e%% ha# 6.1 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.16
Co$eo#o$ No $e%% ha# 6.1/ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.1=A

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he meha#o$ic exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae% (6.2 mm hic3)
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae Q meha#o$ (46 Q 26 Q 6./) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m)
+$uore%ce# %"o% a R+. 6.10 (bric3 red)P 6.26 (red)P 6.2/ ("i#3)P 6.'2 (bric3 "i#3)P 6.07
(b$ue)P 6.// (bric3 red)P 6./B (bric3 red)P 6.7= (b$ue)P 6.4= (,ree#) a#d 6.B/ (b$ue). *#
%"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d o# heai#, he "$ae +or e#
mi#ue% a 126
o
CP %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.10 (broD#)P 6.2 (broD#)P 6.2/ ($i,h broD#)P 6.07
(,re;)P 6.// (ora#,i%h broD#)P 6./B (broD#) a#d 6.4= (;e$$oD).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Dier"e#eP co$eo#o$P co$eo%o$P deox;Hco$eo#o$P +or%3oh$i#P
#a"hho";ro#eP co$eo+or%i#e.
)0
1u#a Q Ru3VaP SaraP 5i3VWa
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP 2OaharaP 9ridoVaharaP 2raWaYodha#aP 2idOhS

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H )Umi,h#a )aVO;a CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP JohaP ArYaP 1u$maP )O%aP )UmiP )uVThaP >daraP DuVTa
2raWaP Hua-iVaP !$iihOro,aP Ma#dO,#iP MZraba#dhaP
Ma$aba#dha
D*SC H 'H/ ,.
Remar3%Q 8ei#, a co#ro-er%ia$ dru,P a "re%e#P he abo-e %"ecie% ma; be acce"ed a%
Sha$a<a 1aWXSra. *her% are ?a$a<a a#d a ree (SaraHaru) %"ecie%.

))
17. 1a-edhu3a (R)
1A2CDH>)A (Roo)
1a-edhu3a co#%i%% o+ he dried roo o+ Coix $achr;maH<obi &i##. %;#. C. $achr;ma
&i##. (Fam. 1rami#eae)P a "ere##ia$ or a##ua$ ,ra%% +ou#d i# I#diaP Dide$; di%ribued
hrou,hou he "$ai#% a#d Darm %$o"e% o+ hi$$% u"o 1/66 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 1a-edhuP 1a-edhu3a
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 1ada,adP Dedhaa#P De-aa#
C#,$i%h Q Ad$a;P ?ob% ear%
1u<rai Q )a%ai
Hi#di Q )a%aiP 1arheduaaP 1araheduP 1ar,ari
)a##ada Q Ma#<ui
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )aau,oam"uP )aa33a""a$u#3u
Marahi Q )a%ai
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )aau3u#uma#i
9e$u,u Q Ada-i,uru,i#<a
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo% +ibrou%P 1 o ' mm i# hic3#e%%P "re%e# i# u+%P u#bra#ched Dih a"eri#,
e#d%P ho$$oD i# ce#reP %raD co$ouredP Dood; %me$$ a#d "u#,e# a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ roo %hoD% "re%e#ce o+ ru"ured "i$i+erou% $a;er co#%i%i#, o+ c$o%e$;
"ac3ed e$o#,aed ce$$%R be$oD he e"idermi% o#e $a;ered exodermi%P a De$$ de-e$o"ed
corexP Dih %e-era$ $a;er% o+ "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P mo%$; o-a$ or rou#ded Dih
i#erce$$u$ar %"ace% "re%e#R exoderma$ ce$$% are $i,#i+iedR corex co#%i%% o+ 0 or /
$a;ered hic3 Da$$ed %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$% oDard% "eri"her;R midd$e re,io# co#%i%% o+
$ar,e hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% a#d he i##er re,io# i% made u" o+ air %"ace%
ra-er%ed b; broad rabecu$aeR e#dodermi% characeri%ed b; he "re%e#ce o+ ca%"aria#
%ri"% o# boh ra#%-er%e a#d radia$ Da$$%P "eric;c$ic +ibre% hic3 Da$$edR -a%cu$ar
bu#d$e% "o$;archP com"o%ed o+ a$er#ai#, %ra#d% o+ x;$em a#d "h$oemP boh Dih heir
u%ua$ e$eme#%R "are#ch;maou% "ih "re%e#P %arch ab%e#.
)7
!oDderH !oDder $i,h broD# i# co$ourP Dood; %me$$ a#d "u#,e# a%eR %hoD% hic3
Da$$ed +ibre% Dih broad $ume#P racheid% Dih de#%e he$ica$ hic3e#i#,% a#d border "i%R
%hoD% hexa,o#a$ %riaed e"iderma$ ce$$%R doub$e Da$$ed hexa,o#a$ %c$ere#ch;maou%
ce$$% o+ exodermi%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he meha#o$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
o$ue#eQ eh;$ aceaeQ meha#o$ (4/Q1/Q6./) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) %"o% a R+. 6.''
(,ree#i%h b$ue) a#d 6.=1 ($i,h b$ue). A+er %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid
rea,e#P %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.'0 (,ree#) a#d 6.02 ("ur"$e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 8e#zoxazo$i#o#e%P ami#o acid% ($euci#eP ;ro%i#eP hi%adi#P
ar,i#i#e a#d coici#).

Ra%a Q MadhuraP )aTu
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP MZra$aP !iaharaP )OrY#i;a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 2iVWu 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H MZra3rcchraP NeraHMa%Zri3OP !ia<a ChardiP Shau$;a
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

),
1=. 1ho#a (Fr)
1H*@5 (Frui)
1hoWTO co#%i%% o+ +rui o+ Iizi"hu% x;$o";ru% .i$$d. (Fam. Rham#aceae)P a
%ra,,$i#, %hrub di%ribued i# NorhH.e% I#diaP >.!.P 8ihar a#d Souh I#diaP i# moi%
deciduou% +ore%%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 1hoTSP 1oTi3O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )u$"ha$
C#,$i%h Q ?u<ab
1u<rai Q 1abadarP 1aabordi
Hi#di Q 1hu#aP )a3oraP )aahabera
)a##ada Q Eera#u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q 1hoiP 8hor,hoi
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )oaiP Mu$3oai
9e$u,u Q 1oiP 1oP 1oi3i
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Frui i% a dru"aceou% berr;P ,$obu$ar or rou#dedP diameer 1.2 o 1.4 cmR %ur+ace
rou,hP Dar;R co$our dar3 broD#R "oi# o+ deachme# o+ %a$3 mar3ed b; a rou#ded
co#ca-e de"re%%io# u"o 2 mm i# diameer a#d a rai%ed ri#, a$o#, he circum+ere#ceR a
"oi#ed bea3 a he o""o%ie e#dR occa%io#a$$; %ee#R "ericar" $eaher; a#d hardR e#docar"
%o#;R +rui 'Hce$$edP each $ocu$e Dih o#e dar3 broD#P orbicu$arP com"re%%edP bea3edP
%eed / o 4 mm acro%%R co;$edo#% creami%h ;e$$oDR odour #o -er; di%i#cR a%eP
%$i,h$; a%ri#,e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
A ra#%-er%e %ecio# o+ he +rui re-ea$% a hic3 cuic$e +o$$oDed b; e"idermi%
co#%i%i#, o+ u#e-e#$; arra#,ed rou#ded ce$$%R %caered hic3HDa$$edP u#i%eriaeP
mu$ice$$u$ar richome% "re%e# o# e"idermi%R me%ocar" Dih hree zo#e% H #arroD ouer
a#d i##er zo#e% o+ %ma$$P com"ac$; arra#,ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%R a hird Dide midd$e
%"o#,; zo#e com"o%ed o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%P $acu#aed a#d co#ai#i#,
)8
%caered -a%cu$ar %ra#d%R e#docar" co#%i%i#, o+ hic3 Da$$ed %o#e ce$$%P #arroD +ibre%
a#d a +eD $acu#aeP %ome %o#e ce$$% co#ai#i#, "ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae u"
o 12 ? i# %izeR occa%io#a$ i#road% o+ me%ocar" i#o he e#docar" a$%o %ee#R e"idermi%
a#d a +eD ouer $a;er% o+ me%ocar" ad<ace# o i co#ai# abu#da# broD# %ub%a#ce%.
A %ecio# hrou,h he e%a %hoD% radia$$; e$o#,aedP #arroDP ra#%$u%ce# ce$$%P +o$$oDed
b; a %ube"iderma$ zo#e o+ cru%hedP hi# Da$$edP "are#ch;ma ce$$% demarcaed i#%ide b;
a reddi%h broD# $i#i#,.
A %ecio# hrou,h he co;$edo#% %hoD% a# ouermo% e"iderma$ $a;er o+ %ma$$P %Guari%h
ce$$% a#d a ,rou#d i%%ue com"o%ed o+ reca#,u$ar hi# Da$$edP "romi#e#$; #uc$eaed
ce$$% rich i# +ixed oi$.
!oDder H 9hic3 Da$$ed u#i%eriaeP mu$ice$$u$arP 266 o 276 ? $o#, richome%R +ibre%
(u"o /6 ? i# Didh) a#d a#,u$ar %o#eHce$$% Dih radia$ ca#a$% a#d circu$ar %riaio#%P 06
o 1=6 ? i# %ize are %ee#H i%%ue +ra,me#% o+ e"idermi% i# %ur+ace -ieD "re%e#.

A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# ' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$ (B/Q/) a% mobi$e "ha%e %hoD% o# %"ra;i#, Dih meha#o$icQ
%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d o# heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 116
o
C %"o% a R+. 6.20
(!i#3)P 6.'B (!i#3i%h ora#,e)P 6.04 (Ee$$oD)P 6.71 (!i#3)P 6.=1 (8$ue).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9he "u$" o+ he +rui co#ai#% reduci#, %u,ar%P %ucro%eP ciric acidP
caroe#eP -iami# C a#d a##i#%.

Ra%a Q MadhuraP )aTuP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,hu
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 2iVa,h#aP 2Oa3a"hahara

)-
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H ra,-adhOdi )-Oha CZraWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H DuVTa-raWaP ?-araP )aWXuP )uVThaP !ramehaP Ra3a-i3OraP 2raWaP
J-a;ahuP NOXS-raWaP 2ama#a
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

)(
14. 1u#drah (Rz.dR)
1>NDRH (Rhizome a#d Frui)
1u#drOh co#%i%% o+ rhizome Dih roo o+ 9;"ha au%ra$i% Schum. a#d 9ho##. %;#.
9. a#,u%aa 8or; a#d Chaub.P (Fam. 9;"haceae)P a hard; "ere##ia$P mo#oeciou% "$a#P
o+e# ,roDi#, ,re,ariou%$; i# +re%h Daer a#d mar%h; "$ace%P commo#$; +ou#d hrou,hou
I#diaP u"o 1='6 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 1uWThahP 1u#Thah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Ho,a$a"
C#,$i%h Q &e%%er I#dia# ReedHmace
1u<rai Q 1haabaa<ari;u
Hi#di Q !aerP 1o#d"aer
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q Ramba#P !aa#3a#i%
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q 1u#dra
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q ?ammu,addiP C#u,a<amu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Rhizome H 1 o / cm. $o#, a#d 1 o 2./ cm. Dide "iece%P exer#a$ %ur+ace $i,h broD#P
core ;e$$oDi%hHbroD#P ra#%-er%e rid,e% o# exer#a$ %ur+aceP %ma$$ roo% a#d %ca$; $ea-e%
"re%e# aached o# ru##er%R +racureP hardP +ibrou%.
Roo H Ad-e#iiou%P roo$e% "re%e#P 2 o 1/ cm $o#,P ;e$$oDi%hHbroD#R +racureP
+ibrou%.
b) Micro%co"ic
Rhizome H 9.S. %hoD% circu$ar ou$i#eR %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% co#%i%i#, o+
a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$%P co-ered Dih hi# cuic$eR corex di-ided i#o Do "ar% H
ouer corex com"ri%i#, o+ = o 11 $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P o-a$ o
"o$;,o#a$ i# %ha"eP ha-i#, i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R "ache% co#%i%i#, o+ 16 o '/ +ibre%
di%ribued i# he e#ire ouer corexR +ibre% hic3 Da$$ed Dih a"eri#, i"%P -ar;i#, i#
7*
$e#,h +rom 176 o B'6 ? a#d i# Didh +rom 16 o '6 ?R i##er corex co#%i%i#, o+
aere#ch;maR e#dodermi% %i#,$e $a;eredR -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% '/ o 02 i# #umberP co$$aera$P
co#<oi#P -e%%e$% "romi#e#R "ih co#%i%i#, o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih
i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R %arch ,rai#% i# "ih re,io#P %i#,$e or com"ou#dP %"herica$ o o-a$
a#d mea%uri#, +rom / o 2/ ? i# diam.R "ih muci$a,e#ou%P a% %ee# Dhe# mou#ed i#
Ruhe#ium red reaed Dih a +eD dro"% o+ 16[ $ead aceae %o$uio#.
Roo H 9.S. %hoD% e"ib$ema +o$$oDed b; a 0 o 7 $a;ered h;"odermi% o+ hi# Da$$ed
ce$$% a#d a broad corex co#%i%i#, o+ radia$$; e$o#,aed air %"ace% %e"araed b;
rabecu$aeR a +eD $a;er% o+ ce$$% +ormi#, he i##ermo% $a;er o+ corexP i# co#ac Dih
e#dodermi%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% Dih x;$em -e%%e$% +ormi#, a circ$eR +ibre% hic3 Da$$ed
Dih a"eri#, i"%P -ar;i#, i# $e#,h +rom 276 o 1046 ? a#d i# Didh +rom 16 o 20 ?.

!oDder H 8roD#P #o %"eci+ic odour a#d %$i,h$; acrid a%eR %hoD% abu#da# %arch ,rai#%
mea%uri#, / o 2/ ? i# diam.P +ra,me#% o+ +ibre%P "are#ch;ma ce$$% a#d bordered "ied
-e%%e$%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae% (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$ (46Q26) %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0#m) hree %"o% a R+. 6.'6P 6./4
a#d 6.=2 (a$$ -io$e). >#der >2 ('77#m) hree +$uore%ce# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6./4P 6.72
a#d 6.=2 (a$$ b$ue). *# ex"o%ure o iodi#e -a"our +i-e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.10P 6.'6.
6.06P 6./4 a#d 6.=2 (a$$ ;e$$oD). *# %"ra;i#, Dih 16[ eha#o$ic "oa%%ium h;droxide
a#d he# ob%er-i#, u#der >2 ('77#m) %hoD% Do +$uore%ce# %"o% a R+. 6./4 (,ree#)
a#d 6.72 (b$ue). *# %"ra;i#, Dih 16[ meha#o$icH%u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae
a 116
o
C +or e# mi#ue% %ix %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.14 (broD#)P 6.06 ("ur"$e)P 6./4
(broD#)P 6.72P 6.7= (boh "ur"$e) a#d 6.=7 (broD#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H F$a-o#oid% (ûercei#P i%orham#ei#H'H6Hrui#o%ide)R %ero$% (CH
%io%ero$P $a#o%ero$P cho$e%ero$).

7'
1u#a Q 1uru
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q MZra-ireca#S;aP Ju3raYodha3aP Sa#;a<a#a#aP 2OaharaP
!ia%abYama#aP Sa#;aYodha3aP Ra<oYodha3aP MZraaYodha3a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MZra-ireca#S;a )aVO;a CZrWaP Sa#;a<a#a#a )aVO;a
CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP MZra3UcchraP Ra3a"iaP Jar3arOP MZrO,hOaP Sa#;a
)Va;a
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

7.
1B. Him%ra (R)
HIFSR(Roo)
Hib%rO co#%i%% o+ roo o+ Ca""ari% %"i#o%a &i##. (Fam. Ca""aridaceae)P a hor#;
%hrub di%ribued i# he "$ai#%P $oDer Hima$a;a%P a#d .e%er# 1ha%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Ahib%rOP )a#hOrSP 9S3VWaP )a#Ta3O 9i3VWa,a#dhO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q Ce"er !$a#
1u<rai Q )abaree
Hi#di Q )abaraP Hai#%aaP )a#hara
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q )abar
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q 8ararP )aur
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q )abar
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo "iece% are u"o /./ cm i# hic3#e%%R bar3 rou,h o ouchP hic3 %hoDi#,
$o#,iudi#a$ $e#ice$%R +re%h$; bro3e# %ur+ace $i,h ;e$$oDi%hR Dood hard a#d com"acR
rem#a#% o+ robu% a#d %$e#der roo$e% "re%e# o# he bar3R co$our -arie% +rom "a$e
;e$$oD o reddi%hHbroD#R #o "aricu$ar odour or a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
A ra#%-er%e %ecio# o+ roo characeri%ed b; ouermo% $a;er o+ %$i,h$; %uberi%ed
cor3; zo#e o+ %e-era$ $a;er% %hoDi#, irre,u$ar a#d bro3e# ou$i#eR cor3 cambium made
o+ 0 or / $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$edP %ma$$P %Guari%h ce$$%R corex co#%i%i#, o+ hi# Da$$edP
irre,u$ar or %omeDha a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$%R a#,u$ar %c$ereid% i# ,rou"% o+ 2 o '
a#d u"o '6 ? i# %ize %caered i# corexR "h$oem i# he +orm o+ mu$i"$e $a;er% o+ ce$$%
+ormi#, a co#i#uou% c;$i#der arou#d i##er -a%cu$ar zo#eP %e"araed +rom he x;$em b;
0 o / $a;er% o+ -a%cu$ar cambiumR Ded,e% o+ -a%cu$ar e$eme#% Dih hic3 Da$$ed ce$$%
%"a# he ce#re o+ he roo a#d he ouer zo#eR -e%%e$% i%o$aed or i# ,rou"% o+ DoP
di%ribued u#i+orm$; amo#, x;$em "are#ch;maP Dhich ha% ,ra#u$ar co#e#%R medu$$ar;
70
ra;% o+ hi# Da$$edP mo%$; u#i%eriaeP reca#,u$ar ce$$%P o+e# ha-i#, ,ra#u$ar co#e#%R
"ih ab%e#.
!oDder H !oDder %hoD% -e%%e$ +ra,me#% Dih %im"$e "ied hic3e#i#,% a#d racheid%
Dih a"eri#, or b$u# e#d%R %c$ereid% u"o '6 ? %ize a#d i# ,rou"% o+ 2 or '.

AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# / "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ %o$ub$e exrac o+ he dru, o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae
(6.2 mm hic3) u%i#, ch$oro+ormQmeha#o$ (B/Q/) u#der >2 ('77#m) %hoD% %"o% a R+
6.61 (8$ue)P 6.11 (8$ue)R 6.B'(8$ue).*# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%aideh;deQ %u$"huric acid
rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 116
o
C hree %"o% a""ear a R+
6.'2(*ra#,e)P 6.72 (!ur"$e)P 6.74 (Cream).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9he roo% co#ai# a$3a$oid %ach;dri#e. 1$ucobra%%ici#P #eo,$uH
cobra%%ici# a#d 0Hmehox;,$ucobra%%ici# ha-e a$%o bee#
ide#i+ied i# he roo%.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#SP )a"haharaP 2OaharaP Ruc;a.

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H AmUaOdi 9ai$aP )ui3hadi 2ai3aP Hib%rOd;a 1hUa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H ArYaP 1u$maP )O%aP 2Oara3aP 2raWaP 2Oa-i3OraP S-O%aP
1a$a,aWXaP ma-OaP 1Udhra%SP Ra3a,ra#hiP
2Oi3a;o#iro,aP 2OaYo"haP 1ra#hi
D*SC H 1 H ' ,.

7)
26. Hi#,u"ari (&+)
HI(1>!A9R: (&ea+)
Hia,u"arS co#%i%% o+ dried $ea+ o+ Feru$a <ae%ch3ea#a 2a3e (Fam. A"iaceae)P a
"ere##ia$ herbP "roduci#, a bu#ch o+ radica$ $ea-e% arou#d he ba%e o+ he +$oDeri#, axi%
a#d di%ribued i# #orhHDe%er# Hima$a;a%P o# dr; %u##; %$o"e% beDee# 2666 a#d 'B66
mR abu#da# i# )a%hmirP &ada3h a#d &ahau$ d S"ii i# Himacha$ !rade%h.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Hi#,u"arWSP Hi#,u"ari3OP 8OV"i3O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Hi#,P De%a< Hi#,
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q Hi#,P Hi#,roP Hi#,$a-adhar#iP Hi#,u"ari
Hi#di Q Hi#,u"ari
)a##ada Q Doddahi#,i#a 8a$$i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )a;amP !e#u#,a;amP !eru#,3a;am
Marahi Q Hi#, !aree
*ri;a Q He#,u
!u#<abi Q Hi#,eP Hi#,
9ami$ Q I#,u-aP !eru#,a;am
9e$u,u Q Hi#,o !aramu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
&ea+ u"o /6 cm $o#,P ,ree#P boh radica$ a#d cau$i#eP cau$i#e are a$er#ae$;
arra#,ed o# he axi%P 2 or ' $obedP "ube%ce# Dhe# ;ou#,P "eio$e o+ cau$i#e $ea-e%
broad$; %heahi#,P decurre#P $obe ob$o#,P u"o 16 cm $o#,P mar,i# o+ he $obe%
di%i#c$; %erraeR odourP #i$R a%eP %$i,h$; %"ic;.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ cau$i#e $ea+ %hoD% midrib "romi#e# be$oDP i%obi$aera$ Dih a %i#,$e
$a;er each o+ u""er a#d $oDer e"idermi% o+ %$i,h$; hic3 Da$$ed ce$$% a#d %omeDha
drum %ha"ed i# #aureR a#omoc;ic %omaa "re%e# o# boh %ur+ace%R %im"$e u#ice$$u$ar
richome% "re%e# o#$; o# he $oDer e"idermi%R $ami#a Da-; i# ou$i#e Dih rid,e% a#d
,roo-e%P each ,roo-e co#ai#i#, a "ach o+ co$$e#ch;maou% ce$$% be$oD e"idermi%R
%ecreor; ca#a$% "re%e# be$oD he co$$e#ch;maou% "ache%P $i#ed b; 4 o 16
"are#ch;maou% ce$$%R Do $a;er% o+ "a$i%ade ce$$% "re%e# o# boh %ur+ace%P %"o#,;
i%%ue com"o%ed o+ %omeDha e$o#,aed ce$$%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% co$$aera$ Dih x;$em
77
abo-e a#d "h$oem be$oDR %omaa$ i#dex 1' o 1=R"a$i%ade raio o+ / o = a#d -ei#Hi%$e
#umber 2 or '.
!oDder H Ee$$oDi%h ,ree#R %hoD% u#der micro%co"eP e"idermi% Dih a#omoc;ic
%omaaP e"iderma$ ce$$% Dih u#ice$$u$ar richome%P "a$i%ade ce$$%P #umerou% i%o$aed
richome% a#d -e%%e$% Dih %"ira$ hic3e#i#,%.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# 1'.6 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he meha#o$ic exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ 1 "$ae u%i#, meha#o$
Q ch$oro+orm (06Q 76)R %hoD% u#der >2 ('7/ #m) hree +$uore%ce# zo#e% a R+. 6./2
(b$ue +$uore%ce#ce)P 6.'B (Gui#chi#, broD#i%hH"ur"$e) a#d 6.12 (b$ue +$uore%ce#ce).
*# ex"o%%ure o iodi#e -a"our hree zo#e% a""eared a% broD# co$our %"o%. *#
%"ra;i#, Dih 2[ -a#i$$i# %u$+uric acid rea,e# %hoD% hree %"o% a R+. 6./2 (!i#3)P
6.'B (cream co$oured) a#d 6.12 (broD#i%h Dih b$ue i#,e).

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q 5i3VWa
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q HUd;aP !Oca#aP 2Oa3a"haharaP Ruci3ara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H )umOr;O%a-a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H ArYaP 8a%iYZ$aP HUdro,aP )UmiP !$ShOro,aP >#mOdaP 2iba#dhaP
1arbhWSP 1u$maro,aP A"a%#Ora
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

7,
21. I3aa (R)
I9)A5A (Roo)
I3aTa co#%i%% o+ dried roo o+ Se%ba#ia bi%"i#o%a .. F. .i,h (Fam. Fabaceae) a#
erec 1./ o 2./ m a$$P a##ua$P %hrub Dih mi#ue "ric3$e% o# rachi% a#d ;ou#, bra#che%P
u%ua$$; +ou#d a% a Deed i# he rice +ie$d% or Daer $o,,ed area% i# he "$ai#% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q >3aTaP 2a#a<a;a#S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Dha#ichaP Dhu#%ha
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q Sa%ee I3adP I3ad
Hi#di Q I33ada
)a##ada Q Mu$$u <i#a#,i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )iamu
Marahi Q Raa#%he-ariP Chi#cha#i
*ri;a Q 9e#ua
!u#<abi Q ?ha#<ha#
9ami$ Q MudchembaiP Nirchembai
9e$u,u Q Ce<a#,aa
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Cho""ed "iece% o+ roo% o+ -ariab$e %ize% a#d hic3#e%% u%ua$$; irre,u$ar i# %ha"e
a#d Dih hic3 a#d hi# roo$e%P mai# roo% 6.2 o 2.6 cm i# diam. %o$idP #o roo #odu$e%
ob%er-edP ouer %ur+ace $i,h broD#P %moohR Dood cream i# co$ourP odour$e%% a#d
a%e$e%%.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% di%co#i#uou% cor3P com"re%%ed a#d bro3e#P ' o 7 ce$$% dee"P hi#
Da$$edR corica$ ce$$% "are#ch;maou%P %ome co#ai#i#, "ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae o+ abou 17 o 2/ ? %ize a#d %ome co#ai#i#, a##i#%R oDard% he i##er %ide o+
he corex co#ica$ "ache% o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% +ibre "re%e#P broader oDard% i##er %ide
a#d #arroDer oDard% he ou%ideP "h$oem i% abou / ce$$ dee"P hi# Da$$edR cambium
com"re%%edP #o -er; di%i#cR x;$em -e%%e$%R u%ua$$; Dih %ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#,%R ra;
ce$$% u#i%eriaeP Dih %im"$e %arch ,rai#% o+ 16 o 06 ? %ize a#d occa%io#a$$; "ri%maic
cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR "ih ab%e#.
78
!oDder H Ee$$oDi%h broD#P +ibrou%P +ree +$oDi#,P characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+ $ar,e
ce$$% +i$$ed Dih a##i#%P %ome %ma$$ "are#ch;maou% ce$$% co#ai#i#, a##i#%P $o#,
+ibre%P %im"$e %arch ,rai#%P racheid% a#d -e%%e$% Dih %ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#,%.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# / "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ meha#o$ exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ 76 F 2/0 "$ae u%i#, 9o$ue#e Q Aceo#e
(B6Q16) %hoD% ei,h %"o% a R+ 6.1/P 6.20P 6.'4P 6.07P 6./4P 6.71P 6.=0 a#d 6.=4 o#
%"ra;i#, Dih 2a#i$$i#HSu$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or 1/ mi#ue% a
116
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Ami#o acid% %uch a% $;%i#eP ar,i#i#eP hi%idi#e.

Ra%a Q Madhura
1u#a Q 1uruP S#i,dha
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q MZra-ireca#S;aP !iaharaP Sa#;a<a#a#aP 2Oahara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MZra-ireca#S;a CZrWaP Sa#;a<a#a#aP )aVO;a CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP Jar3arOP ?-araP )O%aP MZra,hOaP MZra3UcchraP
!raiY;O;aP Neraro,aP !iOYmarSP MZraru<O
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

7-
22. I3aa (S)
I9)A5A(Sem)
I3aTa co#%i%% o+ dried %em o+ Se%ba#ia bi%"i#o%a .. F. .i,h (Fam. Fabaceae)
a# erec 1./ o 2./ m a$$P a##ua$P %hrub Dih mi#ue "ric3$e% o# rachi% a#d ;ou#, bra#che%P
u%ua$$; +ou#d a% a Deed i# he rice +ie$d% or Daer $o,,ed area% i# he "$ai#% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q >3aTaP 2a#a<a;a#S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Dha#ichaP Dhu#%ha
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q I3adP Sa%ee I3ad
Hi#di Q I33ada
)a##ada Q Mu$$u <i#a#,i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )iamu
Marahi Q Chi#cha#iP Raa#%he-ari
*ri;a Q 9e#ua
!u#<abi Q ?ha#<ha#
9ami$ Q MudchembaiP Nirchembai
9e$u,u Q Ce<a#,aa
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Dru, co#%i%% o+ cho""ed "iece% o+ %emP 6.2 o 2./ cm i# diam. Dih +i#e
%riaio#%R %ize a#d hic3#e%% -ariab$eP mi#ue "ric3$e% ob%er-ed o#$; o# hi# ;ou#,
bra#che%R ,ree#i%hHbroD# exer#a$$; a#d cream co$oured i#er#a$$;R "ih %o+ a#d DhieR
odour$e%% a#d a%e$e%%.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% Da-; ou$i#eP e"iderma$ ce$$% abu$ar Dih moderae$; hic3 cuic$eR
%ome co#ai#i#, ,ra#u$ar %ub%a#ce%R corex / o= ce$$% dee"P com"o%ed o+ hi# Da$$ed
ce$$%R %ome o+ ho%e "re%e# be$oD he e"idermi% co#ai# a##i#%R e#dodermi% "re%e#R
"eric;c$e com"o%ed o+ ' o 7 ce$$ $a;er% o+ di%co#i#uou% "ache% o+ %c$ere#ch;maou%
+ibre% abou 26 o '' ? i# diam.R oDard% he i##er %ide o+ he %c$ere#ch;maou% +ibre
"ache%P a##i# +i$$ed duc% o+ di++ere# %ize% "re%e#R "h$oem ' o 7 ce$$% dee"R cambium
' o / ce$$% dee"P made u" o+ com"re%%ed hi# Da$$ed ce$$%R x;$em +orm% a c$o%ed ri#,
arou#d he ce#ra$ "ihP %hoDi#, %eco#dar; ,roDhR he #umber o+ "rimar; x;$em eGua$
7(
o he rid,e% "re%e# o# he ouer %ur+ace o+ he %emR x;$em -e%%e$% ra#,e +rom 20 o 42
? i# diam.R oDard% he i##er %ide o+ he "rimar; x;$emP a ca-i; +i$$ed Dih a##i#% i%
"re%e# %imi$ar o ha be#eah he "h$oemR ra; ce$$% %hoD %arch ,rai#%R "ih
"are#ch;maou%.
!oDder QEe$$oDi%hHbroD#P +i#e +ibrou%P +ree +$oDi#,P characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+
$ar,e hi# Da$$ed ce$$% +i$$ed Dih a##i#%P hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% abu#da#P
i%%ue% Dih %omaa "re%e#P racheid% a#d +ibre ce$$% are a$%o +ou#d.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ meha#o$ exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ 76 F 2/0 "$ae u%i#, 9o$ue#e Q Aceo#e
(B6Q16) %hoD% %e-e# %"o% a R+ 6.1/P 6.2'P 6.24P 6.'1P 6.'4P 6.// a#d 6.B1 o# %"ra;i#,
Dih 2a#i$$i#HSu$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or 1/ mi#ue% a 116
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Ami#o acid% %uch a% $;%i#eP ar,i#i#eP hi%idi#e.

Ra%a Q Madhura
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q !iaharaP 2OaharaP J$eVma"ra3o"a3aP Sa#;a<a#a#a MZra-ireca#S;a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Ca#da#Odi 9ai$a (Cara3a)

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP ?-araP )O%aP MZra,hOaP MZra3UcchraP Neraro,aP
!iOYmarSP !raiY;O;aP Jr3arOP MZraru<O.
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

,*
2'. ?a$a"i""a$i (.h.!$)
?A&A!I!!A&: (.ho$e !$a#)
?a$a"i""a$S co#%i%% o+ he dried Dho$e "$a# o+ !h;$a #odi+$ora 1ree#e %;#. &i""ia
#odi+$ora Mich. (Fam. 2erbe#aceae) a %ma$$ cree"i#, "ere##ia$ herb +ou#d commo#$; i#
%a#d; DeP ,ra%%; "$ace% a$o#, bu#d% o+ irri,aio# cha##e$%P ca#a$ ed,e% a#d ri-er ba#3%
a$mo% hrou,hou ,reaer "ar o+ I#dia a#d u" o B66 m o# he hi$$%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q ?a$a"i""a$i3OP 9o;a-a$$arSP JaradSP Ma%;Oda#SP Ma%;a,a#dhO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 8u33a#aP )aa#chadaa
C#,$i%h Q !ur"$e &i""ia
1u<rai Q Raa-e$i;o
Hi#di Q ?a$"i"a$iP !a#i%i,aaP 8huio3araa
)a##ada Q Ne$ahi""a$i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Niri""a$iP !odua$ai (Siddha)
Marahi Q ?a$"i""a$iP Raa-e$
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q !oua$i
9e$u,u Q 8o33e#a
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo H Fibrou%P bra#chedP broD# i# co$ourP 2 o 16 cm i# $e#,h a#d 1.6 o 1./ mm i#
diam.P #oda$ roo% are %ma$$erP 6./ o 1.6 cm i# $e#,h a#d u#bra#ched.
Sem H Much bra#chedP %ub Guadra#,u$arP 1 o 2 mm i# diam.P rooi#, a #ode%P more or
$e%% c$ohed Dih a""re%%edP Do armedP Dhie hair% Dhe# %ee# u#der 16xP broD#i%hH
,ree#P $e#,h o+ i#er#ode /.6 o B.6 cm.
&ea+ H *""o%ieP %ubH%e%%i$eP 1./ o '.= cm $o#, a#d 1 o 2 cm broadP %"ahu$aeP cu#eae
a he ba%eP dee"$; a#d %har"$; %errae i# he u""er "arP a""re%%ed b; Do armedP Dhie
mi#ue hair% o# boh %ide%.
F$oDer H Se%%i$eP de#%e$; "ac3ed i# $o#, "edu#cu$ae axi$$ar; %"i3e%P maure o#e% 1.6 o
2.6 cm $o#, a#d 6.0 o 6./ cm broadP +$oDeri#, de#%e$; becomi#, ob$o#, duri#, +ruii#,R
,'
"edu#c$e% 2./ o =./ cm $o#,P brac% abou 2./ mm $o#,P broad$; e$$i"ic or obo-aeP
cu#eae a ba%eP mucro#aeP ,$abrou%R ca$;x 2.6 mm $o#,P membra#ou%P bi$obedP
com"re%%edP mireH%ha"edP "ube%ce# u#der#eah Dih ordi#ar; richome% c$o%e$;
co-eri#, he +ruiP he acumi#ae $obe% "ro<eci#, be;o#d iR coro$$a 2./ o '.6 mm $o#,P
Dhie or $i,h "i#3P bi$i""edP u""er $i" erec a#d bi+idP $oDer $i" ' $obed o+ Dhich he
midd$e $obe $ar,e%P +a$$i#, o++ a% a ca$;"ra Dhe# +rui% ri"e#%R %ame#% 0P did;#amou%P
a#her% 2Hce$$edP dehi%ci#, $o#,iudi#a$$;P dor%i+ixedR o-ar; %u"eriorP bicar"e$$ar;P
o-u$e% i# each ce$$ %o$iar;R %;$e %horP %i,ma ob$iGueP %ubca"iae.
Frui H Sma$$P 1./ o 2.6 mm $o#,P ,$obo%eP ob$o#,P %"$ii#, i#o DoP 1H%eeded "$a#oH
co#-ex ";re#e%R %eed% exa$bumi#ou% abou 1 mm i# %ize.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo H 9.S. %hoD% %$i,h$; Da-; ou$i#e com"o%ed o+ a %i#,$e $a;ered e"ib$emaR
corex 7 o B ce$$% dee"P mo% o+ he ouer corica$ ce$$% i# he #oda$ roo% co#ai#
ch$oro"$a%R %ome o+ he corica$ ce$$% oDard% he i##er %ide are hic3 Da$$edR "h$oem
ce$$% are irre,u$ar$; hic3 Da$$ed co#%i%i#, o+ %ie-e ube%P com"a#io# ce$$% a#d "h$oem
"are#ch;maR x;$em com"o%ed o+ -e%%e$%P racheid%P "are#ch;ma a#d +iber%R -e%%e$% are
-ariab$e i# %izeP ra#,e i# diameer +rom 17 o 7/ ?R medu$$ar; ra;% abou 2 or ' ce$$% i#
DidhP ce$$% are "iedR "ih ab%e#.
Sem H 9.S. %hoD% a #ear$; Guadra# ou$i#e Dih rid,e% a#d dee" +urroD%P %riaed
cuic$eP a %i#,$e $a;er o+ e"idermi% Dih ce$$% $o#,er ha# broadR %ur+ace "o%%e%%e%
u#ice$$u$ar richome% Dih Do u#eGua$ arm% Dhich u%ua$$; ,e% deachedR corex i%
abou = ce$$% dee" i# he +urroD%P mai#$; ch$ore#ch;ma Dhi$e ho%e o+ rid,e% are o+
co$$e#ch;maR a +eD ce$$% co#ai# amor"hou% i#c$u%io#% a#d ma#; i##er ce$$% co#ai#
ch$oro"$a%R e#dodermi% ob%er-edR "eric;c$e 2 or ' $a;er% o+ ce$$%P hic3 Da$$edR "h$oem
com"re%%ed a#d / or 7 ce$$% dee"R x;$em a co#i#uou% ri#,P broader a he rou,h%. !ih
$ar,eP com"o%ed o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R ce#ra$ ce$$% u%ua$$; de,e#eraedP
bu %e-era$ oher% ma; occa%io#a$$; co#ai# a +eD ch$oro"$a%%.
&ea+ H I%obi$aera$P e"idermi% %i#,$e $a;ered +o$$oDed b; a $a;er o+ "a$i%ade ce$$%R
occa%io#a$$;P a $a;er "a$i%ade a$%o occur% ad<ace# o he $oDer e"idermi%R i# %ur+ace
-ieDP he e"iderma$ ce$$% ha-e %rai,h Da$$%R %omaa diac;icP "re%e# o# boh $oDer a#d
u""er %ur+aceP bu more i# #umber o# $oDer %ur+aceP co-eri#, a#d ,$a#du$ar richome%
occur o# boh he %ur+ace%R u#ice$$u$arP 2 u#eGua$$; armed Dar; richome%P Dih "oi#ed
i"% are +reGue# o# boh he %ur+ace%R midrib -a%cu$ar bu#d$e "o%%e%%e% x;$em o# dor%a$
%ide a#d "h$oem o# -e#ra$ %ideR %omaa$ i#dex o+ u""er a#d $oDer %ur+ace 11 o 14 a#d
14 o '6 re%"eci-e$;R he "a$i%ade raio o+ u""er %ur+ace 7 o 11 a#d ha o+ $oDer 4 o
1'.
!oDderQ 1ree#i%hHbroD#P +ibrou%P +ree +$oDi#,P characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+
,$a#du$ar hair%P 2 armed richome% Dhich are u%ua$$; aached o a e"iderma$ ce$$ +rom
,.
he %$i,h$; "roruded %a$3 "re%e# i# he midd$eP richome% Dar;P $ea+ e"idermi%
characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+ circu$ar richome %car%P -e%%e$% a#d "a$i%ade ce$$%.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# 2= "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ meha#o$ exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, Ch$oro+orm Q Meha#o$
(B/Q6/) %hoD% +i-e %"o% a R+ 6.21P 6.27P 6.'0P 6.06 a#d 6.=B o# %"ra;i#, Dih 2a#i$$i#H
Su$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or 1/ mi#ue% a 116
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H F$a-o#oid% #ame$; #odi+$ori# A a#d #odi+$ori# 8P #odi+$orei#P
$i""i+$ori#% A a#d 8.

1u#a Q Ru3VaP 5i3VWa
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#SP HUd;aP )a"haharaP !iaharaP Ruc;aP 2iVa,h#a.P MZra$P
?-ara,h#aP Ju3ara$aP Mu3haYodha#SP Ca3VuV;aP Sa#,rOhi

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H A3S3aP !iVTSP A3S3a 8ha%ma

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H J-O%aP DOhaP ?-araP )UmiP Ra3adoVaP 9UVOP 2i%ar"aP 2ra#aP
Ra3aro,aP 8hramaP MZrchOP !iOi%Ora
D*SC H 2 o ' , "oDderP
1\2 o 2 m$ <uice.

,0
20. ?i-a3aha (!%eudo bu$b)
?:2A)AH (!%eudo 8u$b)
?S-a3ah co#%i%% o+ dried a#d +re%h "%eudoHbu$b o+ Ma$axi% acumi#aa D. Do# %;#.
Micro%;$i% Da$$ichii &i#d$. (Fam. *rchidaceae)P a %hor %emmed erre%ria$ herb u" o 2/
cm i# hei,hP di%ribued hrou,hou I#dia o# hi$$% a a# a$iude o+ 2666 H'666 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q ?S-;aP DSr,hO;uP Cira<S-S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q ?ee-a3
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q ?ee-a3
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q ?ee-a3am
Marahi Q HH
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q ?ee-a3am
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Fre%h "%eudo bu$b co#ica$ i# %ha"eP +$e%h;P ,ree#P %moohP %hi#i#,P 1 o B cm $o#,
a#d 1 o ' cm broadP %$i,h$; muci$a,e#ou%P co-ered Dih %hi#i#,P ra#%$u%ce# $i,h
,ree#P membra#eou%P ' or 0 %heahi#, $ea-e% arra#,ed a$er#ae$; a#d ha-i#, "ara$$e$
-e#aio#R %em rudime#ar;R roo% ari%i#, a he u#io# o+ %em a#d bu$b.
Dried "%eudo bu$b% co#ica$P ra#%$u%ce#P reddi%hHbroD# i# co$ourP mea%uri#, 2 o / cm
$o#, a#d 6.2/ o 1 cm DideP co-ered Dih %heahi#, $ea-e%P Dhich are $i,h broD#P
membra#eou% Dih "ara$$e$ -e#aio#R %ur+ace rou,hP "u#caedP +racure hardR cu %ur+ace
dar3 broD#P coar%e$; ,ra#u$aed Dih irre,u$ar mar,i#% a#d Dhie %"o%R "$ea%a# %me$$R
a%ri#,e#P %$i,h$; muci$a,e#ou% i# a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ "%eudo bu$b o-a$ o circu$ar i# ou$i#eR %ecio# "a%%i#, hrou,h %ca$;
$ea-e% Dhich ex+o$iaeP %hoDi#, a %i#,$e $a;eredP hic3 Da$$edP %c$eri+ied e"idermi%
,)
ha-i#, acicu$ar cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP +o$$oDed b; me%o"h;$$ ad<ace# o he u""er
e"idermi% com"o%ed o+ 2 o 0 $a;er% o+ e$o#,aed ce$$% Dih $i,#i+ied reicu$ae
hic3e#i#, he $i,#i+icaio# Da% co#+irmed Dih "h$oro,$uci#o$ a#d Co#c. HC$P de-oid o+
ch$oro$"$a%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% "romi#e#P "h$oem De$$ de-e$o"ed Dih $ar,e %ie-e "$ae%P
%urrou#ded b; %c$ere#ch;maou% bu#d$e %heahR %ecio# "a%%i#, hrou,h bu$b %hoD% a
%i#,$e $a;er o+ cuic$e a#d a $a;er o+ hic3 Da$$ed %c$eri+ied e"iderma$ ce$$%R be$oD hi%
$ie 1 or 2 $a;er% o+ $ar,e %c$eri+ied ce$$% a#d he%e exe#d u#e-e#$; i#o ,rou#d
"are#ch;maou% i%%ueR ,rou#d "are#ch;ma irre,u$arP Dih $ar,e air %"ace% Dih "a%%a,e
ce$$% i# he +orm o+ %ma$$ "roubera#ce% a %ome "$ace%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% %caered
hrou,hou he ,rou#d i%%ue %urrou#ded b; hic3 Da$$ed %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$%P Dhich
occa%io#a$$; exe#d i#o i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%.
!oDder H Ee$$oDi%hHbroD# i# co$ourP "$ea%a# %me$$P %$i,h$; bier a#d a%ri#,e# i#
a%eP %hoD% ,rou"% o+ me%o"h;$$ ce$$% Dih reicu$ae hic3e#i#,% i#%ideR -e%%e$% Dih
%"ira$P %ca$ari+orm a#d reicu$ae hic3e#i#,R +ibre racheid% o+ abou 766 ?m $o#, u"o
46 ?m broadP a#d racheid% (abou 1B ?m $o#, a#d 06 ?m broad)R ,rou"% o+ "are#ch;ma
Dih accicu$ar cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP %ie-e "$ae%P %ie-e ube% a#d a#,u$ar
"are#ch;maou% ce$$%. !oDder Dhe# reaed Dih co#c. HN*
'
o# micro%co"ic %$ide
emi% $i,h ,ree# +$uore%ce#ce u#der >2 '7/ #m.

Sarch No $e%% ha# 1B "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.1'

9.&.C.
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae (B6 Q 16) _doub$e ru#` %hoD% %"o% a+er %"ra;i#, Dih
a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 126
o
C a R+.
6.12 (ora#,e)P 6.14 ("ur"$e)P 6.2B (,re;)P 6.'4 (ora#,e) a#d 6./B (broD#).
C*NS9I9>CN9S H A$coho$ (cer;$ a$coho$)P ,$uco%eP rham#o%e a#d dier"e#e%.
,7
Ra%a Q Madhura
1u#a Q !icchi$aP S#i,dha
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q 8a$;aP !iaharaP Ra%O;a#aP 2OaharaP DhOu-ardha3aP Ju3ra$aP
8rabhaWaP S#eho"a,aP ?S-a#S;a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MO#a%amira 2aTa3aP DaYamu$OriVTaP C;a-a#a"rOYaP
8rOhma Ra%O;a#aP Ji-a,uTi3OP AmUa"rOYa 1hUaP
AYo3a 1hUaP DhO#-a#ara 9ai$aP 8a$O 9ai$aP
1uduc;Odi 9ai$aP 8Uha AY-a,a#dhO 1hUa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H J-O%aP DOhaP )O%aP )Va;aP Ra3a"iaP Ra3a-i3OraP )OrY;aP JoVa
D*SC H /H16 ,.

,,
2/. )adara (H..d)
)ADARAH(Hear .ood)
)adarah co#%i% o+ dried "iece% o+ hear Dood o+ Acacia %uma 8uch.HHam. (Fam.
Mimo%aceae)P a medium %ized ree Dih Dhie bar3 ex+o$iai#, i# "a"er; +$a3e% Dih
horizo#a$ "ache% o+ dar3er co$ourP +ou#d i# .. 8e#,a$P 8ihar a#d Souher# .e%er#
1ha.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Soma-a$3hP J-ea3hadirah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Sh-e )hadir
C#,$i%h Q .hie Cuch reeP .hie Caechu
1u<rai Q 1oradaP 1ordio baa-a$
Hi#di Q Sa+ed )hair
)a##ada Q )a#darah
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q 2e#3ari##a$iP Somara;ao$i
Marahi Q !aa#dharaa )hair
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )o-i$P Shi$ai;u#chai
9e$u,u Q 9e$$aummaP 9e$$a%u#draP 9e$$acha#dra
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Hear Dood i# cu reca#,u$ar "iece% %hoDi#, 3#o%R "a$e ;e$$oDP rou,hR +racureP
hardP emi% +ai# odour o+ DoodP a$mo% a%e$e%%.
b) Micro%co"ic
Hear Dood H 9ra#%-er%e %ecio# %hoD% di++u%e "orou% DoodP i#di%i#c ,roDh ri#,%R
-e%%e$% occa%io#a$$; occur i# "air% or i# ,rou" o+ 'R "ararachea$ "are#ch;ma abu#da#P
-a%ice#ricP +i$$ed Dih %arch ,ra#u$e% a#d "ri%maic ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%P medu$$ar;
ra;% DideP %rai,hP mu$i%eriae.
A a#,e#ia$ %ecio# %hoD% heeroce$$u$arP mu$i%eriaeR medu$$ar; ra;% / o = ime%
hi,her ha# he breadhR ha i% u"o or o-er /6 ce$$% -erica$$; a#d abou 16 o 12 ce$$%
acro%% a heir Dide% $e-e$R medu$$ar; ra;% are %urrou#ded b; cr;%a$ %heah Dih
"ri%maic cr;%a$%R +ibre% are a%e"ae "iedR com"ac$; arra#,ed #arroD %Guari%h
,8
$i,#i+ied racheid%R -e%%e$% Dih %im"$e bordered "i%R x;$em "are#ch;ma co#ai#
"ri%maic cr;%a$ o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR ,um% a#d a##i#%.
!oDder H Ee$$oD co$ouredP coar%eP #o +ree +$oDi#,R u#der micro%co"e %hoD% a #umber
o+ +ibre%P -e%%e$%P hic3 Da$$ed ce$$% o+ medu$$ar; ra;%P occa%io#a$ cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae a#d hic3 $i,#i+ied i%%ue% a#d %arch ,rai#%P +$uore%ce#ce e% #e,ai-eP Dhe# a#
exrac i# a$coho$ \ Daer i% exami#ed u#der '77 #m a#d 2/0 #m.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] (6.2 mm hic3 #e%%) "$ae u%i#,
o$ue#e Q meha#o$ (=Q') %hoD% e# ba#d% a R+. 6.1'P 6.27P 6.'0P 6.'4 (a$$ ;e$$oD)P 6.0'
("ur"$e)P 6.0= ($i,h broD#)P 6./1 (%3; b$ue)P 6.71 ("i#3i%h broD#)P 6.7B ("i#3 Dih b$ue
border) 6.=4 (,re;). *# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ Cha#o$icH%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d o#
heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 16/
o
CP e# ba#d% a""ear a R+. 6.11P 6.21P 6.2BP 6./'
(a$$ "ur"$e)P 6.77P 6.=1 (boh broD#)P 6.=4 ("ur"$e core Dih b$ue border)P 6.4'P 6.B6P
6.BB (a$$ ,re;).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H A# a$3a$oid diabo$i#eP CH%io%ero$P %i,ma%ero$P o$ea#o$ic acid a#d
i% 'CHaceaeP a %a"o#i# co#ai#i#, o$ea#o$ic acidP ,a$aco%eP
ma##o%e.

,-
Ra%a Q 9i3a
1u#a Q 2aYada
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP !iaharaP 2arW;aP Ra3aYodha3a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H A;a%3Ui

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H )aWXuP )uVThaP Mu3haro,aP !OWXuP Ra3adoVaP 2raWaP
MadhumehaP >dardaP MedodoVaP J-ira
D*SC H 2H7 ,.

,(
27. )a3a<a#,ha (Sd)
))A?A(1H (Seed)
)O3a<aa,hO co#%i%% o+ dried maure %eed o+ !eri%ro"he bica$;cu$aa (Rez.) Nee%
(Fam. Aca#haceae)P a# erec hi%"id herb 76 o 146 cm a$$P +ou#d i# +ore%% a#d Da%e
$a#d% a$mo% hrou,hou he cou#r;.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q NaXS3O#OP )O3ai3OP !rOcSba$aP Su$omaYOP 2O;a%a<aa,hO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Naa%3aa,a
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q )aa$ia,hediP )aria,hediP A,hedi
Hi#di Q Ari$a$P Ma%iP )aa3<a#,haa
)a##ada Q Cibi,idP Cibir%o""u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Raa#3iraa;a
Marahi Q 1haai"iaa"a"adaaP Raa#3iraa;a
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Chebira
9e$u,u Q Chebira
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8$ac3P orbicu$arP 1.= o 2 mmP %$i,h$; ru,o%eP bier Dih oi$; +ee$i#, o# o#,ue
a#d #o %"ecia$ odour.
b) Micro%co"ic
Seed Q9ra#%-er%e %ecio# o+ %eed %hoD% e%a ha-i#, %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi%P ce$$%
a""eari#, %rai,h Da$$ed a#d a#,u$ar i# %ur+ace -ieD "roduci#, %hor %ou u#ice$$u$ar
hair% ha-i#, recur-ed hoo3% a#d dar3 co#e#%R e,me# 2 $a;eredP "are#ch;maou%R
co;$edo# ha% ouer mo% e"idermi% a#d i##er %i#,$e $a;er o+ "a$i%ade $i3e "are#ch;ma
a#d 0 or / $a;er% o+ %horer ce$$%R co;$edo# %hoD% "ro-a%cu$aure a %ome "$ace%R ce$$%
co#ai# "roei# a$euro#e ,rai#% a#d oi$ a %ome "$ace%.
!oDder Q9he "oDder i% b$ac3i%hH;e$$oD i# co$ourR i %hoD% hair%P a +eD ce$$% o+ "a$i%ade
"are#ch;ma a#d ce$$% o+ co;$edo# Dih oi$ ca# a$%o be %ee#P %rai,h Da$$ed "ac3ed
a#,u$ar e"iderma$ ce$$% o+ e%a Dih %car% o+ hair%.
8*


9.&.C.
o$ue#e Q dich$oromeha#e Q eha#o$ Q +ormic acid (16Q'Q'Q1) %hoD% u#der >.2. ('77 #m)
+i-e ,ree#i%h b$ue +$uore%ce# ba#d% a R+. 6.10P 6.14P 6.22P 6.'BP 6./0. *# ex"o%ure o
Iodi#e -a"our %ix ba#d% a""ear a R+. 6.14 (,ree#i%h broD#)P 6.22P 6.'= (boh $i,h
broD#)P 6./'P 6.74P 6.=0 (a$$ ;e$$oD). *# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ Cha#o$icH%u$"huric acid
rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 16/
o
CP e$e-e# ba#d% a""ear a R+. 6.10P
6.22P 6.'6P 6.'= (a$$ $i,h broD#)P 6.04 (,ree#i%h broD#)P 6./' (;e$$oDi%h broD#)P 6./7
(broD#)P 6./B ("i#3i%h broD#)P 6.74 ($oDer ha$+ b$ue a#d u""er ha$+ "i#3)P 6.=0P 6.4=
(boh "i#3i%h broD#).

Ra%a Q 9i3aP )aVO;a
1u#a Q !icchi$aP Sara
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 2arW;aP 2iVa,h#aP )a"ha"ia#uP )Umi,h#aP 2raWahara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MahO-iVa,arbha 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H J$S"adaP JoVaP 8O$a,rahaP DuVTa-raWaP 1rahaWSP ?-araP )aWXuP
!radaraP !raiY;O;aP Ra3a"iaP 2iVama<-araP 8Odhir;aP !O#duP
)Vaa )VSWaP ?a#a3UmiP SidhmaP Sar"a-iVaP Ja%ra3VaaP
1a$a,aWdaP A"acS
D*SC H 1H ' ,.

8'
2=. )a3a#a<a(Fr)
))ANA?A (Frui)
)O3a#a<a co#%i%% o+ dried maure +rui o+ !h;%a$i% a$3e3e#,i &i##. (Fam.
So$a#aceae)P i occur% i# S. Curo"e hrou,h Chi#a o ?a"a#R i doe% #o occur i# I#diaP bu
+rui% are a-ai$ab$e i# he I#dia# bazaarP i# he #ame o+ 3a3a#a<a.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Ra<a"uri3a
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )a3a#a<a
C#,$i%h Q .i#er cherr;P 8$adder cherr;
1u<rai Q )a3a#a<a
Hi#di Q )a3a#a<a
)a##ada Q )a3a#a<a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )a3a#a<a
Marahi Q )a3a#a<a
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q )aa3#a<
9ami$ Q Si%a;a33aa$iP 9oa33aa$i
9e$u,u Q )u"a#e
>rdu Q )a3a#a<
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Red co$oured berr;P ,$obo%eP abou 1 o 1./ cm i# diameerP ouer %ur+ace
Dri#3$edP Dih dried +$e%hR u#i$ocu$arP com"$ee$; "ac3ed Dih %eed%P o-er$a""i#,P
ce#ra$$; orie#edP i#%i,#i+ica# "$ace#a "re%e#R %eed% 1.4 o 2.2 mmP #umerou%P +$aP
Dih cur-ed embr;oP hi$um i# he co#ca-i;R +rui %Dee a#d %our i# a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
Frui H Cuic$e "re%e#R +rui Da$$ #o di%i#,ui%hab$e a% e"icar"P me%ocar" a#d
e#docar" c$ear$;R he ouer $a;er co#%i%% o+ a %i#,$e $a;er o+ #o# $i,#i+iedP hi# Da$$ed
ce$$ Dih broD# co#e#%R be$oD hi% are a +eD $a;er% o+ horizo#a$$; orie#ed ce$$% Dih
ora#,e co#e#% a#d $oo%e$; arra#,ed $a;er% o+ "are#ch;maP Dih muci$a,e ce$$%R i##er
$a;er% o+ he +rui Da$$ a#d he "$ace#ae "ro$i+erae i#o he $ocu$e "ac3ed Dih mi#ue
%eed%.
8.
Seed H 9.S. i% e$o#,aed Dih a "ro<ecio# a boh e#d%R e%a ha% a# ouermo% "a"i$$o%e
hi# Da$$ed ce$$% +o$$oDed b; hic3e#ed %c$ereid%P Dhich a""ear bo#e %ha"ed a he
"ro<eced "ar%P he $aer %hoDi#, "i% o# heir Da$$%R be$oD are 2 or ' $a;er% o+ hi#
Da$$ed ce$$% +o$$oDed b; a hic3 cuic$e a#d i##er $i,#i+ied %i#,$e $a;ered e,me#R
e#do%"erm co#ai#% hi# Da$$ed "o$;,o#a$ "are#ch;maou% ce$$% +i$$ed Dih a$euro#e
,rai#%P oi$ ,$obu$e% a#d occa%io#a$ %a#d; ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%R embr;o cur-ed i+
"re%e#.
!oDder H 9he "oDder i% broD#i%hHora#,e i# co$ourR %hoD% %c$ereid%P "are#ch;maou%
ce$$%P e#do%"ermic "are#ch;maou% ce$$% rich i# oi$ a#d a$euro#e ,rai#%.


9.&.C.
o$ue#e Q meha#o$ (=Q') %hoD% e$e-e# ba#d% a R+. 6.11 (dar3 broD#)P 6.'4P 6.00P 6.07P
6./2P 6./7 (a$$ $i,h ,re;)P 6.77 (dar3 broD#)P 6.=2P 6.=4P 6.4'P 6.44 (a$$ $i,h ,re;)P o#
%"ra;i#, Dih /[ Cha#o$icH%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue%
a 16/
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Auroxa#hi#P muaoxa#hi#P "h;da$ei#P zeaxa#hi#P CH
Cr;"oxa#hi# +rom he ca$;x o+ he +ruiR ,$;coa$3a$oid% deeced i# he %eed% bu
a$3a$oid% Dere ab%e# i# he +rui.

1u#a Q Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 8a$;aP MZra$aP 2OaharaP DOhaYOma3aP 2ireca#aP JZ$a#OYi#SP
Ra3a-idrO-aWS

80
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H &auha Ra%O;a#a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H Jo"haP J-O%aP ?-araP )O%aP )aWXuP 2i%ar"aP 2raWaP !Z;amehaP
9ama3aY-O%a
D*SC H /H16 ,. i# he "oDder +orm.

8)
24. )a$i;a3a (R dS)
)&:EA)A (Roo a#d Sem)
)O$S;a3a co#%i%% o+ he dried roo d %em o+ Co%ci#ium +e#e%raum (1aer#.)
Co$ebr. (Fam. Me#i%"ermaceae)P a $ar,e Dood; c$imber Dih %ou %em a#d bra#che%P
occurri#, i# he .e%er# 1ha%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )a$amba3aP )O$S;aP )O$S;O3h;aP )O$e;a3a
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q Fa$%e Ca$umba
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q ?haarH3iHha$d
)a##ada Q Mardaa ara%hi#aa
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Marama#<a$
Marahi Q 2e#i-e$
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q AuramP )adariP Ma#<a$3oid
9e$u,u Q Ma#u "a%u"u
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo H / o '6 cm or more i# $e#,hP 2 o / cm. i# diameerP %omeDha
$o#,iudi#a$$; ,roo-edP ra#%-er%e$; cu %ur+ace %moohP ;e$$oDR exure rou,h a#d
+ibrou%R acrid i# a%eR #o "aricu$ar odour.
Sem H 1/ o '6 cm. or more i# $e#,hP 2 o 4 cm. i# diameerP %rai,h or occa%io#a$$;
%$i,h$; Di%edP "a$e ,re; or ,re;i%h ;e$$oD Dih a +air$; %mooh %ur+aceP mar3ed Dih
$o#,iudi#a$ %riaio#% %"aced abou a mm a"arP cu %ur+ace ;e$$oDi%hH,ree# o ;e$$oD i#
co$our %hoDi#, Ded,e %ha"ed area%P +i%%ured Dih %ha$$oD -erica$ %$i% o+ -ar;i#,
$e#,hR exureP hardR acrid i# a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo H 9ra#%-er%e %ecio# circu$ar i# ou$i#eR cor3 cream co$ouredP 26 o '6 or more roD%
o+ u#i+orm reca#,u$ar ce$$% Dih 1 o 2 %o#e ce$$%R ouer corica$ i%%ue characerized b;
he "re%e#ce o+ -er; "romi#e# ;e$$oDi%h ba#d a$mo% i# he +orm o+ ri#, o+ hic3
87
Da$$edP "ied %o#e ce$$%R "ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae +ou#d i# he hic3 Da$$ed
ce$$%R %ie-e ube% Dih %im"$e "er+oraio# "$aeR e-ide# i# &.S.R #arroD radiai#, Ded,e
%ha"ed x;$em %ri"%R a$er#ai#, Dih Ded,e %ha"edP broadP mu$i%eriae medu$$ar; ra;%
Dih hic3 Da$$ed ce$$% +i$$ed Dih rod %ha"ed cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a#d %arch
,rai#% Dhich are circu$arP a""eari#, $e#icu$ar o# ed,e -ieDP %im"$eP '6H0/ ?m i#
diameerR hi$um i#di%i#c or doH$i3eP ce#ra$$; "$aced i+ "re%e#P $ame$$ae i#di%i#cR
-e%%e$% +i$$ed Dih ;$o%e% a#d i# maure roo he%e ;$o%e% become hic3 Da$$ed ,i-i#,
he a""eara#ce o+ %o#e ce$$%R +ibre% $o#,P $i,#i+ied.
Sem H 9he ra#%-er%e %ecio# circu$ar i# ou$i#eP %ha$$oD$; cre#aeR cor3 26 o 06 ce$$%
hic3R corex / o 4 $a;er% o+ a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% ha-i#, -er;
co#%"icuou% ;e$$oDi%h cre#ae ba#d% o+ hard i%%ue or %o#e ce$$% Dih radiai#, ca#a$%
a#d +i$$ed Dih dar3 ;e$$oD co#e#%P a$mo% ca""i#, he Ded,e %ha"ed medu$$ar; ra;%
a#d "h$oemR %c$eroic e$eme#% cubica$ o o-a$ Dih -er; hic3 "ied Da$$% +i$$ed Dih
"ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR "h$oem di%i#cR x;$em #arroDP radiai#,P Ded,e
%ha"ed a% i# rooP -e%%e$% =6 o 176 ?m i# diameerP %o$iar;P "ii#, reicu$ae Dih %ma$$
$e#icu$ar ori+ice%P occ$uded Dih hic3 Da$$ed ;$o%e%R +ibre% %e"ae o #o#%e"aeP
%e"ae +ibre% ha-i#, 2 o/ %e"aP 2=6 o 066 ?m $o#, a#d 12 ?m i# diameerR medu$$ar;
ra;% exe#d +rom "ih o "eri"her;P broadP mu$i%eriaeP 1/ o ma#; ce$$% hi,h a#d 2 o
ma#; ce$$% DideR "ih co#%i% o+ Do re,io#%Q (i) 0 o 7 $a;er% o+ %ma$$er
co$$e#ch;maou% ce$$% i# he "eri"her;R (ii) "are#ch;maou% ce$$% circu$ar o "o$;hedra$
i# %ha"e Dih i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%P ce$$% $ar,er oDard% he ce#re.
!oDder H !oDder o+ boh roo a#d %em ;e$$oD Dih ,ree#i%h i#,eP bier a#d odour$e%%.
Micro%co"ica$ exami#aio# %hoD% he "re%e#ce o+ +ibre%P ;$o%e%P %o#e ce$$% co#ai#i#,
"ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP %arch ,rai#% circu$ar a""eari#, $e#icu$ar %ha"ed
o# ed,e -ieDP %im"$eP '6H0/ ?m i# diameer hi$um i#di%i#c or do $i3e ce#ra$$; "$aced
i+ "re%e#P $ame$$ae i#di%i#cP +ra,me#% o+ -e%%e$%P racheid% a#d "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R
Dhe# reaed o# micro%co"ic %$ide Dih 1N Na*H aGueou% %o$uio# a#d mou#ed i#
#iroce$$u$o%e i# am;$aceae emi% -er; characeri%ic ca#ar; ;e$$oD co$our u#der
>2H'7/ #m.

9oa$ a$3a$oid a% berberi#e ch$oride No $e%% ha# 2 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.14

8,
%tem -
Forei,# maer Q No more ha# 1 "erce#P A""e#dix 2.2.2.
Moi%ure co#e# Q No more ha# 7 "erce#P A""e#dix 2.2.B.
9oa$ a%h Q No more ha# ' "erce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
Acid i#%o$ub$e a%h Q No more ha# 2 "erce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.
A$coho$ %o$ub$e exraci-e Q No $e%% ha# ' "erce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
.aer %o$ub$e exraci-e Q No $e%% ha# 4 "erce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.
9oa$ a$3a$oid a% berberi#e ch$oride Q No $e%% he# 1 "erce#P A""e#dix 2.2.14.

9.&.C.
u%i#, i%o"ro"a#o$ Q +ormic acid Q Daer (0/ Q 6.1 Q 6.0) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m)
+$uore%ce# %"o% a R+. 6.16P 6.1=P 6.20P 6.'0P 6.'BP 6./P 6./7P 6.=4 a %imi$ar R+. *#
%"ra;i#, Dih modi+ied Dra,e#dro++]% rea,e# ora#,e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.16P 6.20P 6.'0P
6.4' a#d 6.4B.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H A$3a$oid%Hberberi#eP "a$mii#eP <arorrhizi#eP "rooHberber#eP NP NHdiH
$i#dacar"i#eP ha$i+e#di#e a#d co$umbami#e.

Ra%a Q Sem Q 9i3aP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3VaP Sem Q &a,huP Sem Q Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSaP Sem Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTuP Sem Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP !Oca#aP !iaharaP J$eVma%abaYma#aP )a"hamedoharaP
A#u$oma3aP Ra3aYodha3aP Sem Q J$eVma%abaYma#aP Sem Q
!iaharaP Sem Q )a"hamedoharaP Sem Q DS"a#aP Sem Q !Oca#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H (No Formu$aio#%)

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H Roo QP A,#imO#d;aP A<SrWaP )Umi.P )arWaYZ$aP !ramehaP
Ra3a"iaP 2raWaP 9i3aH>%#aP ?SrWa ?-araP AdhmO#aP
)Oma$OP Sem QP A,#imO#d;aP AYmarSP A<SrWaP DahaP ?-araP
)UmiP )uVThaP !OWduro,aP !ramehaP >"adab%aP 2raWaP
AdhamO#a Ea3r 2i3O#aP Eu-O#a"ida3OP 2;a#,a

88
2B. )a"ia#a (S.83)
)A!:9ANA (Sem 8ar3)
)a"Sa#a co#%i%% o+ %em bar3 o+ 9he%"e%ia "o"u$#ea (&.) So$a#d. ex Correa %;#.
Hibi%cu% "o"u$#eu% &i##. (Fam. Ma$-aceae)P a +a% ,roDi#,P mediumH%ized e-er,ree# reeP
u"o 16 m a$$ Dih ;e$$oDP cu"H%ha"ed +$oDer% ha-i#, maroo# ce#re a#d di%ribued
hrou,hou coa%a$ +ore%% o+ I#dia a#d a$%o $ar,e$; ,roD# a% a road%ide ree.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q !OriVahP )a#dara$aP !ha$SYahP 1ardabhOWXah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 1a<a%hu#diP !araa%a"i"u$a
C#,$i%h Q !oria reeP >mbre$$a ree
1u<rai Q !aara%"i"a$o
Hi#di Q !aara%"i"a$
)a##ada Q Hu-ara%i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q !u#a-a%uP !u""arui
Marahi Q !ara%a "im"a$a
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Chi$a#iP !u#ara%u
9e$u,u Q 1a#;araa-iP Mu#i,a#,araa-i
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8ar3 occur% i# +$a o %$i,h$; cur-ed "iece%P -ar;i#, i# hic3#e%% accordi#, o
a,e a#d "ar% o+ ree +rom Dhere i i% a3e#R exer#a$ %ur+ace rou,h due o #umerou%
irre,u$ar$; %caered $e#ice$%P +i%%uredP ex+o$iai#, i# irre,u$ar %ca$e%P ,re;i%hHbroD#R
i##er %ur+aceP $ami#aedP +o$iaceou%P reddi%hHbroD#R +racureP +ibrou%R #o characeri%ic
odourR a%eP a%ri#,e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
ShoD% ouer ex+o$iai#, $a;er i# hardP Dood;P o$der bar3%R cor3 ce$$%P hi#HDa$$edP
16 o 26 $a;eredP reca#,u$arR corex ma#; $a;eredP ouer corex co#%i%i#, o+ c$o%e$;
"ac3edP %ma$$P "o$;,o#a$ ce$$%P i##er corex com"o%ed o+ $ar,eP reca#,u$ar o "o$;,o#a$
ce$$%R ba% +ibre%P abu#da# i# ,rou"%P ouer ,rou"% radia$$; e$o#,aed a#d i##er
a#,e#ia$$;R medu$$ar; ra;% o+ Do ;"e%P #arroDP u#i o ri%eriae o+ %$i,h$; e$o#,aed
reca#,u$ar ce$$% a#d DideP mu$i%eriaeP irre,u$ar$; arra#,edR $ar,e duc% i# corex +i$$ed
8-
Dih ;e$$oD o ora#,e co#e#%R ;e$$oD i#c$u%io#% "re%e# i# he ce$$% o+ ouer corexR
ro%ee ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% %caered i# corex a#d medu$$ar; ra;%R %arch ,rai#%P
%im"$e or com"ou#d i# "h$oem re,io#.
!oDder HReddi%hHbroD#R %hoD% %rai+ied cor3 i%%ueP #umerou% +ibre% i# ,rou"% Dih
#arroD $ume# a#d b$u#$; "oi#ed e#d%R "h$oem "are#ch;ma ce$$% Dih $ar,e %i#,$e
ro%ee ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$R %arch ,rai#%P %im"$e o 2 or ' com"ou#dR hi$umP di%i#c.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3)
u%i#, ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$ Q +ormic acid (166Q2./Q1) %hoD% %"o% a R+. 6.12 (broD#)P
6.14 (broD#)P 6.2B (broD#) a#d 6.71 (reddi%h Dhe# ho ur#% ;e$$oDi%h o# coo$i#,) o#
%"ra;i#, Dih -a#i$$i#H%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o
C +or abou e#
mi#ue%.
C*NS9I9>CN9S H F$a-o#oid%P %eroid% a#d %e%Guier"e#oida$ Gui#i#e%.

Ra%a Q )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q Ju3ra$aP )a"haharaP MedoharaP !iaharaP Sambha#aP 2OaharaP M
Zra%aa,rahaWS;aP Sa#dhO#S;aP Saa,rOhSP 8ha,#a%a#dhO#a3UaP
!ub%a-a#am

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H N;a,rodhOdi )-Oha CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JohaP DOhaP DadruP )aWXuP !ramehaP Ra3a"iaP Ra3a-i3OraP 9
UVOP 2raWaP Eo#iro,aP Medoro,aP 9-a3ro,aP 8O$a-i%ar"aP !OmO
D*SC H 166 m$ 3-Oha.

8(
'6. )ar3a%ha(R.)
)AR)AJA (Roo)
)ar3aYa co#%i%% o+ he roo o+ Momordica dioica Roxb. ex .i$$d. (Fam.
Cucurbiaceae) a -i#e +ou#d hrou,hou I#dia u" o a# a$iude o+ 1/66 mP a$%o cu$i-aed
+or i% +rui%P Dhich are u%ed a% -e,eab$e%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )ar3oTa3SP 2a#dh;O )ar3oTa3S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 9i3aa#3aro$
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q 8aa#<ha3aro$aaP )a#3odi
Hi#di Q 2a#a3a3odaaP 8aa#<aP )he3ha%aaP )a3odaa
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q 2aa#<hH)aro$iP )aro$e
*ri;a Q )aa#3ada
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q !a$u""a3ai
9e$u,u Q Aa,aa3ar
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Fi#e$; cho""ed "iece% o+ uberou% roo%P ouer %ur+ace rou,h a#d ,re;i%hHbroD#P
ce#ra$ "orio# Dhie o creamP %arch;P +riab$eR +racureP +ibrou%R odour$e%% a#d %$i,h$;
bier a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% cor3 7 o B ce$$% dee"P ce$$% bric3H%ha"ed a#d arra#,ed i# roD% Dih
,re;i%hHbroD# co#e#%R cor3 cambium ce$$% %imi$ar i# %rucure a#d %ize +o$$oDed b; a
zo#e o+ com"re%%ed ce$$% 2 o 0 ce$$% dee"R corex com"o%ed o+ abou 16 $a;er% o+ ce$$%P
hi# Da$$edP irre,u$ar i# %ha"e a#d "are#ch;maou%P oDard% he i##er %ide o+ he corexP
%caered %o$iar; or ,rou"% o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$% are "re%e#R "h$oem 7 o 4 ce$$%
dee"P "h$oem "are#ch;ama u%ua$$; +i$$ed Dih %arch ,rai#% o+ abou 17 o 2/ ? i# diam.R
x;$em com"o%ed o+ %caered -e%%e$ %ra#d% a#d x;$em "are#ch;maR mo% o+ he -e%%e$%
are u%ua$$; %o$iar; or +ou#d i# ,rou"% o+ 2 or 'R x;$em "are#ch;ma co#ai#% rou#d or
o-a$ %arch ,rai#% %imi$ar o ha i# "h$oem.
-*
!oDderQ .hii%hHbroD#P +ree +$oDi#,P characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+
%c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$%P %hoDi#, radia$ "i ca#a$% a#d #arroD $ume#R %arch ,rai#%P cor3
ce$$% a#d "are#ch;maou% ce$$% are a$%o "re%e#.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ Daer exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ @1@ "$ae u%i#, #Hbua#o$ Q Aceic acid Q
.aer (06Q16Q/6) %hoD% #i#e %"o% a R+ 6.1BP 6.2'P 6.20P 6.2=P 6.'7P 6.06P 6./'P 6.=2
a#d 6.4B o# %"ra;i#, Dih 16[ a$coho$ic %u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae +or 1/
mi#ue% a 116
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H AH e$eo%earic acidP 2Hace;$H/Hch$oro";rro$e.

Ra%a Q 9i3a
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP !iaharaP Ra%O;a#aP Ruci3araP 2raWaYodha3a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Hira3a Ra%O;a#aP 2i%a#OYa3a Eo,a (A;ur-ed !ra3a%h)P
)a3ada#S 9ai$aP )O$O,#Srudra Ra%aP Sa##S"Oa
2idh-a#i%a Ra%aP Ca#drarudra Ra%a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP ArYaP J-O%aP Hi33OP ?-araP )Oma$OP )O%aP )Va;aP MZra3
UcchraP MadhumehaP Neraro,aP Sar"a-iVaP 2i%ar"aP
Sar"a-iVa-i3OraP Ra3OrYaP Jiroro,a
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

-'
'1. )ar#a%"hoa (Sd)
)AR@AS!H*5 (Seed)
)arWa%"hoTO co#%i%% o+ he %eed o+ Cardio%"ermum ha$icacabum &i##. (Fam.
Sa"i#daceae)P commo#$; +ou#d a% a Deed hrou,hou I#diaP a%ce#di#, u"o 1P266 m. i# he
Norh .e% Hima$a;a%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Ja3a3ra$aa (S.;.)P )O3Oda#SP )O3amarda#i3OP )O3ai3O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q ?;oi%hmai (o+ 8e#,a$)
C#,$i%h Q 8a$$o# 2i#eP Hear]% !ea
1u<rai Q 8odhaP )a"aa$"hodiP Na;a"ha3iP Shi-a<aa$a
Hi#di Q )aa#"huiP &aaa"haa3i
)a##ada Q )a#a3a;;a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q >$i##a
Marahi Q Fa"haiP )aa#"huiP )hi$<a$a
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Modi33oa#P Mudu33oa#P Muda33arua#a(Siddha)
9e$u,u Q 2e33udui,a
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Seed% are abou 0 o 7 mmP %ub,$obo%eP b$ac3P %hi#; Dih a Dhii%h %car o+ ari$P
#u; +$a-ourR #o odour.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% a# ouermo% hic3 ;e$$oDi%h $a;er o+ cuic$eR e%a %hoD% a %i#,$e
$a;er o+ radia$$; e$o#,aedP broD# a#d hic3 Da$$ed "a$i%ade $i3e ce$$% %hoDi#, $i#ea
$ucida a#d Dih %e$$ae$; $obed $ume# a% %ee# i# %ur+ace -ieDR a Dide zo#e o+ %c$ereid%
Dih hic3 Da$$ed hi,h$; %i#uou%P $i,h ;e$$oD o ;e$$oDi%hHbroD# $i,#i+ied ce$$%
%hoDi#, radiai#, ca#a$% o# heir Da$$% i# %ur+ace -ieDR e,me# co#%i%% o+
"are#ch;amaou% ce$$%R ,rou#d i%%ue o+ he embr;o co#%i%% o+ a#,u$ar o hexa,o#a$
"are#ch;ma ce$$% Dih oi$ ,$obu$e%R %arch ,rai#% ab%e#.
!oDder H !oDder $i,h broD# i# co$ourP Dih b$ac3 +ra,me#% o+ he %eed coa a#d ha%
he a%e a#d odour o+ cucurbiaceou% %eed Dih a #u; +$a-ourR %hoD% %ur+ace -ieD o+
-.
"a$i%ade $a;er Dih hexa,o#a$ ou$i#e a#d %e$$ae$; $obed $ume#P %ur+ace -ieD o+ he
much %i#uou% %c$ereid $a;er a#d oi$ ,$obu$e%.

.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# / "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.
Fixed oi$ No $e%% ha# 26 "erce#P A""e#dix 2.2.4

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ meha#o$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#, o$ue#e Q
eh;$ aceae Q dieh;$ ami#e (4/Q1/Q6./) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) +$uore%ce# %"o% a
R+. 6.16 (Dhie)P 6.21 (b$ue) a#d 6.=6 (b$ue). A+er %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric
acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o
C +or e# mi#ue% %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.1/
(b$ue)P 6.'0 (,ree#i%h b$ue)P 6.00 (b$ui%h b$ac3)P 6.70 (b$ue) a#d 6.=1 (b$ue). 9.&.C. o+
he meha#o$ic exrac u%i#, bua#o$ Q aceic acid Q Daer (7Q1Q2) a+er %"ra;i#, Dih
a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid rea,e# %hoD% %"o% a R+. 6.64 (,ree#)P 6.1/ (,ree#)P 6.2'
(,ree#)P 6.24 ("ur"$e)P 6.'4 (,ree#)P 6.0= ("i#3)P 6./' (;e$$oDi%h ,ree#)P 6.4' ("ur"$e)
a#d 6.B' ("ur"$e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Fixed oi$.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q Medh;aP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP Mura$aP )eY;a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H mai%Ora#OYa3a Eo,aP 2O%Odi$e"aP NO,arOdi 9ai$aP
&auYu#Odi )aVO;a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP Jo"haP ?-araP !OWXuP 2UddhiP Sa#dhiH2aaP 1raha 8OdhOP
8hZabOdhOP 2iVabOdhO
D*SC H 1H2 ,.

-0
'2. )ar#a%"hoa (R)
)AR@AS!H*5 (Roo)
)arWa%"hoTO co#%i%% o+ he roo o+ Cardio%"ermum ha$icacabum &i##. (Fam.
Sa"i#daceae)P commo#$; +ou#d a% a Deed hrou,hou I#diaP a%ce#di#, u"o 1266 m. i# he
Norh .e%er# Hima$a;a%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Ja3a3ra$aa (S.;.)P )O3Oda#SP )O3amarda#i3OP )O3ai3O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q ?;oi%hmai
C#,$i%h Q 8a$$o# 2i#eP Hear]% !ea
1u<rai Q 8odhaP )a"aa$"hodiP Shi-a<aa$aP Na;a"haa3i
Hi#di Q )aa#"huiP &aaa"haa3i
)a##ada Q )a#a3a;;a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q >$i##a
Marahi Q Fa"hai
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Modi33oa#P Muda33arua#a(Siddha)P Mudu33oa#
9e$u,u Q 2e33udui,a
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9a" rooP hic3P reddi%hHbroD#P hardP Dood;P bra#ched roo$e%P 2 o / mm hic3.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% ouermo% ' or 0 $a;er% o+ cor3P ce$$% o+ Dhich are +$ae#ed a#d
cru%hedP +o$$oDed b; a %i#,$e $a;ered cor3 cambiumP +o$$oDed b; a corex 16 o 1/
$a;er% dee"P Dih ce$$% com"ac$; arra#,ed a#d $aera$$; e$o#,aedR e#dodermi% %i#,$e
$a;eredR "h$oem "re%e#P cambium 2 or ' $a;ered hic3P x;$em co#ai# -e%%e$% o+ -ariou%
diameer%P medu$$ar; ra;% u#i%eriaeP "roox;$em "oi#% di%cer#ib$e amo#, co$$a"%ed
ce$$% o+ "ih.
!oDderH &i,h broD#. Fibre% a#d "ied -e%%e$% are %ee#.
-)


9.&.C.
9.&.C o+ meha#o$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#, "he#o$ Q
Daer ('Q1) %hoD% %"o% a R
+
6.67 ("i#3i%h broD#)P 6.1= ("i#3i%h broD#)P 6.22 (,re;i%h
,ree#)P 6.2B (broD#)P 6.'0 (,re;i%h ,ree#) a#d 6.07 ("ur"$e) a+er %"ra;i#, Dih 16[
eha#o$icH%u$"huric acid rea,e#.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q MZra$aP )a"haYOma3aP )eY;aP Medh;aP Ra%O;a#a#aP 2Oma3aP
2OaharaP 2iVa,h#a.P 2ireca3a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H ra,-adhOdi )-Oha CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP Jo"haP ?-araP )uVThaP !OWXuP Sar"a-iVaP 2UddhiP )Oma$aP
SmrTi )Va;aP Sa#dhi-OaP MZ%i3O-iVaP ?-ara;u3aH)O%a
I#dra$u"aP Sa##i"OodaraP AYmariP 8hZaH8OdhOP 1rahabOdhO
D*SC H 1H' ,.

-7
''. )ari#a (.h.!$)
)A99K@A (.ho$e !$a#)
)aUWa co#%i%% o+ he Dho$e "$a# o+ C;mbo"o,o# cirau% (DC.) Sa"+ %;#Q
A#dro"o,o# cirau% DC. (Fam. !oaceae)P a a$$ u+ed "ere##ia$ ,ra%% cu$i-aed i# -ariou%
"ar% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 8hZUWahP ?ambSraUWahP 1uh;bS<aP 8huS3a
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 1a#dharu#P 1a#dhabe#aa
C#,$i%h Q &emo# ,ra%%
1u<rai Q &i$ichaa
Hi#di Q 1a#dharu#P Harichaa;a
)a##ada Q Ma<<i,ahu$$u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Che##a#am"u$$uP I#ci""u$$uP 2a%a#a""u$$u
Marahi Q Hir-aa ChahaaP *$aa ChahaaP !aaichahaa
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q 1a#dharu#P Sharbaa#
9ami$ Q 2a%a#ai"i$$u
9e$u,u Q Nimma,addiP 2a%a#a ,addi
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo H Fibrou%P ad-e#iiou%P / o 16 mm i# $e#,hP 6.2 o 6.= mm i# hic3#e%%.
Rhizome H Irre,u$arP dar3 broD# i# co$ourP #arroD i#er#ode% "re%e# 0 o B cm i#
$e#,hP 1./ o 2 cm i# diameer.
Sem H !a$e ;e$$oDP ho$$oDP 0 o 16 cm i# $e#,hP 1 o ' cm i# diameer.
&ea+ H &ea-e% ,$aucou%P $i#earP "ara$$e$ -ei#edP abou B6 cm i# $e#,hP 2 o ' cm i#
DidhP co#%"icuou% midrib "re%e#P a"ex "oi#edP mar,i# e#ireP Dih %heahi#, ba%e a#d
a $i,u$e a i% ba%eR $emo# odourP a%e bier.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo H C"ib$ema or "i$i+erou% $a;er u#i%eriae Dih com"ac abu$ar ce$$%R u#ice$$u$ar roo
hair% "re%e#R be#eah e"idermi% 1 o ' $a;ered exodermi% o+ ce$$% Dih hic3 Da$$%
-,
"re%e#R corex ce$$% Dih i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R barre$ %ha"ed ce$$% o+ e#dodermi% a#d
%e-era$ $a;ered %c$eri+ied "eric;c$eR -a%cu$ar i%%ue Dih a$er#ai#, %ra#d% o+ x;$em a#d
"h$oemP x;$em exarchR "ih "are#ch;maou% Dih i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%.
Rhizome H 9.S. %hoD% ouer e"iderma$ $a;er o+ reca#,u$ar "are#ch;maou% ce$$%
+o$$oDed b; / o = $a;ered %c$ere#ch;maou% h;"odermi%R $;%i,e#ou% ca-iie% "re%e# i#
he h;"odermi%R be$oD he h;"odermi%P a broad zo#e o+ ,rou#d i%%ue co#%i%i#, o+ hi#
Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih %ma$$ i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% %caered
i# he ,rou#d i%%ueR co#ce#ricP am"hi-a%a$P e#c$o%ed b; %c$ere#ch;maou% %heahR
ro%ee %ha"ed ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% "re%e# i# he corex.
Sem H 9.S. %hoD% hic3 cuic$e +o$$oDed b; u#i%eriae e"idermi% a#d a corex %e-era$
$a;er% dee"R %caered co#ce#ricP am"hi-a%a$ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% "re%e# i# he ,rou#d
i%%ueP Dih he $ar,er o#e% oDard% ce#reP a#d %ma$$er o#e% oDard% "eri"her;R corica$
bu#d$e% "re%e#.
&ea+ H
Midrib H 9.S. %hoD% a# u""er a#d $oDer e"idermi% co#%i%i#, o+ a %i#,$e $a;er o+ ce$$%
Dih %omaa a#d richome%R re,u$ar$; di%ribued %c$ere#ch;maou% "ache% "re%e#
ad<ace# o boh e"idermi%R ,rou#d i%%ue co#%i% o+ #o#Hu#i+orm a#,u$ar ce$$% Dih
i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% %urrou#ded b; o#e or Do $a;ered bu#d$e %heah
a#d "are#ch;maou% ce$$% %ori#, %archR "h$oem oDard% he $oDer e"idermi% a#d x;$em
oDard% he u""er e"idermi%R "h$oem ha% %ie-eHube% a#d com"a#io# ce$$%R x;$em
co#%i%% o+ "ied meax;$em -e%%e$% Dhich are o-a$ i# %ha"eR racheid% "re%e#P x;$em
"are#ch;ma %ca#;.
&ami#a H 9.S. %hoD% a cuic$eP a# u""er a#d $oDer e"idermi% com"o%ed o+ %i#,$e $a;er o+
ce$$% Dih bu$$i+orm ce$$%P %omaa a#d bri%$; richome%R me%o"h;$$ Dih o#$; %"o#,;
"are#ch;maR he #arroD ,uard ce$$% o+ he %omaa are a%%ociaed Dih %ub%idiar; ce$$%.
Sma$$ %i$ica ce$$% +i$$ed Dih %i$icaP %o$idi+ied i#o bodie% o+ -ariou% %ha"e%P a#d ce$$%
Dih %uberi%ed Da$$% ca$$ed cor3 ce$$% occur i# "air% Dhich a$er#ae Dih e$o#,aed
e"iderma$ ce$$%R $oDer e"idermi% Dih o-a$ %ha"ed %omaa arra#,ed i# a "ara$$e$ ma##er.
!oDder H !oDder ,ree# i# co$our Dih %ro#, $emo# odour a#d bier a%eP %hoD% oi$
ce$$%P +ibre%P ro%ee %ha"ed ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%P "ied a#d reicu$ae -e%%e$%P "ied
a#d %ca$ari+orm -e%%e$%P %ur+ace -ieD o+ e"idermi% Dih %omaaP richomeP cor3 ce$$%P
bri%$e a#d %i$ica ce$$%.
-8


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ e%%e#ia$ oi$ exraced b; C$e-e#,er a""arau% o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2
mm hic3) u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae (B'Q=) %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0 #m) %"o% a R+.
6.6= ($i,h ,ree#) a#d 6.0= (dar3 ,ree#). A+er %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid
rea,e# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.6/ (b$ue)P 6.64 (b$ui%h ;e$$oD)P 6.1B (dar3 b$ue)P 6.0=
(b$ue)P 6./2 ("i#3)P 6.76 ($i,h "i#3)P 6.=6 ("ur"$e) a#d 6.=0 ("ur"$e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H C%%e#ia$ oi$ co#ai#i#, cira$ a% ma<or com"o#e# be%ide% ,era#io$
a#d oher er"e#e%.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q Ca3VuV;aP DS"a#aP )a"haharaP Sa#;a<a#a#aP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP J
Sa"raYama#aP Reca#aP Mu3ha%odha#aP A-UV;aP RZci3Ora3aP 2Omihara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MOVaba$Odi )-Oha CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H J-O%aP 8hZabOdhOP DOhaP DadruP )O%aP )UmiP )uVThaP >daraP
Aroca3aP Sa#O"aP 2amiP 1rahabOdhaP >darda.
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

--
'0. )ebu3a (Rz.)
)C8>)A(Rhizome)
)ebu3a co#%i%% o+ he dried rhizome o+ Co%u% %"ecio%u% ()oer#i#, ex Rez.)
Smih. (Fam. Ii#,iberaceae)P a herb commo#$; +ou#d i# %ubHHima$a;a# rac exe#di#,
beDee# )a#,ra o Aru#acha$ !rade%h a#d a$%o i# .e%er# 1ha%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )emhu3aP )ebu3aP )emu3aP )embu
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )e-u
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q )ebuP )emu3P )emuaa
)a##ada Q Che#,$a-aaH)o%huP Cha#,a$-a3o%hu
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Cha##a33i$a##uP Cha##a33u--a
Marahi Q !e-aa
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )o%ham
9e$u,u Q Che#,$a-aaH)o%hu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9uberou% rhizomeP horizo#a$$; bra#chedP 0 o 7 cm $o#, a#d 2 o ' cm hic3R
ouer %ur+ace ,re; o dar3 broD#P $o#,iudi#a$ Dri#3$e% a#d %ma$$ circu$ar $ea+ %car% o#
u""er %ur+aceR #umerou% #i""$eH%ha"ed bud% "re%e# hrou,hou i% $e#,hR #umerou%
%$e#der roo% occur% a$o#, Dih rhizomeP "o%%e%%e% roo$e% Dhich ma3e% i %$i,h$;
rou,hR +racureP %hor +ibrou% a#d hardP odour$e%% a#d a%e$e%%.
b) Micro%co"ic
RhizomeH Rhizome co#%i%% o+ 7 o 16 $a;er% o+ %rai+ied cor3 ce$$%P +o$$oDed b; ,rou#d
i%%ueR 16 o 12 $a;er% o+ corex be$oD he cor3 $a;er% are more com"ac$; arra#,ed ha#
he remai#i#, $a;er%R ce$$% o+ he corex +i$$ed Dih %acH%ha"ed %arch ,rai#%R %arch ,rai#
mea%uri#, abou '/ o 74 ? m $o#, a#d 27 o '4 ? m DideP hi$um ecce#ricP %riaio#%
#o -i%ib$eR e#dodermi% De$$ mar3ed. A $ar,e #umber o+ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% %caered
hrou,hou he ,rou#d i%%ueP bu Dihi# he e#dodermi% -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% are c$o%er o
each oherR each bu#d$e ha% x;$em a$mo% %urrou#ded b; "h$oemR %c$ere#ch;maou%P
-(
+ibrou% %heah %urrou#d% each o+ he -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%R c$u%er% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae +ou#d
i# %ome ce$$% o+ he ,rou#d i%%ue.
!oDderH &i,h o dar3 broD#P ea%i$; +$oDab$e Dih +i#e o coar%e exureR cr;%a$% o+
ca$cium oxa$ae "ri%maic a#d c$u%er%R ,ra#u$e% o+ %acH%ha"ed %arch are mo%$; %im"$e
bu rare$; com"ou#d +orm a$%o +ou#dR hic3 Da$$ed +ibre%P boh %im"$e a#d %e"aP %e-era$
%hoD mar3% a#d ad<ace# ce$$% a""re%%ed a,ai#% hemR i"% b$u# i# %horerP a#d "oi#ed
i# $o#,er +ibre%R -e%%e$% boh "ied a#d reicu$ae.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, Ch$oro+orm Q 1$acia$
aceic acid Q Meha#o$ Q .aer (/Q2Q2Q1) %hoD% u#der >2 $i,h ('7/ #m) a +$uore%ce#
zo#e a R+. 6.B/ (,ree#i%h ;e$$oD). *# %"ar;i#, Dih A#i%a$deh;deHSu$"huric acid
o
CP #i#e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.11P
6.22P 6.''P 6.0BP 6./BP 6.=2P 6.=BP 6.4= (a$$ ,ree#) a#d 6.B/ (b$ue)

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Seroida$ Sa"o#i#% %uch a% (9i,o,e#i# a#d dio%,e#i#).

Ra%a Q Madhura
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q !Oca#aP 1arbhO%O;a Sa#3oca3aP 1rOhiP HUd;aP )Umi,h#aP )a"haharaP
!iaharaP Ra3aYodha3aP DS"a#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H )Umi,h#a )-Oha CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H A,#imO#d;aP J$S"adaP ArYaP 1raha#SP ?-araP )Oma$OP )O%aP
)uVTaP !ramehaP Ra3a-i3OraP )a"ha"ia<a 2i3araP )Umiro,aP
J-SraP )a"ha<aP Mura3Ucchra
D*SC H 'H7 , (a+er "uri+icaio#).
(*
'/. )ha%3ha%a(Sd.)
)HA)HASA (Seed)
)ha3ha%a co#%i%% o+ %eed o+ !a"a-er %om#i+erum &i##. (Fam. !a"a-eraceae)P a
,$aucou% erec a##ua$ herb cu$i-aed u#der Sae co#ro$ i# cerai# area% o+ Ra<a%ha#P
Madh;a !rade%h a#d >ar !rade%h.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )ha%ai$ahP "hZ3amP )hO3ha%i$ahP )hO3ha%ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Aa"himP !o%adaa#aaP !o%abee<
C#,$i%h Q *"iumP !o""; Seed%
1u<rai Q )ha%3ha%
Hi#di Q A"heemP !o%adaa#aaP )ha%3ha%P )ha%abi<a
)a##ada Q 1a%,a%eP Aa"hee#P A"hi#i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q A-i#P )ara""uP )a%h3a%hP Aa$a#
Marahi Q )ha%3ha%
*ri;a Q Aa"u
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )a%a3a%hP !o%a33aaiP A-i#ee
9e$u,u Q 1a%,a%haa$uP Na$$ama#du
>rdu Q A"heem
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Seed% are %ma$$P abou 1.6 o 1.1/ mm $o#,P rou#d o re#i+orm or 3id#e; %ha"edP
,e#era$$; dir; DhieP occa%io#a$$; +ou#d mi#,$ed Dih a +eD broD#i%h or ,re;i%h
co$oured %eed%R %ur+ace coar%e$; reicu$aedP $ar,er #eDor3 e#c$o%i#, Dihi#P #umerou%
irre,u$ar %ma$$er reicu$aio#%R hi$um a#d micro";$e are %iuaed i# he #och o# he
$aera$ %ide #ear he %ma$$er e#dR %eed% are i#odorou% a#d oi$; i# a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
9e%a i% com"o%ed o+ / di%i#c ce$$ $a;er%P ouermo% $a;er o+ e"iderma$ ce$$%
corre%"o#di#, o he %ur+ace reicu$aio#%R he #ex $a;er co#%i%% o+ "o$;,o#a$ or
e$o#,aed ce$$% co#ai#i#, mi#ue micro%"he#oida$ cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a#d be$oD
here i% a %i#,$e $a;er o+ hic3 Da$$ed u#$i,#i+ied e$o#,aed ce$$%R hi% $a;er i% +o$$oDed
b; a %i#,$e $a;er o+ hi# Da$$ed ce$$%R e%a i% $imied i#er#a$$; b; a %i#,$e $a;er or
e$o#,aed "a$i%ade $i3e ce$$% Dih reicu$ae$; hic3e#ed Da$$%R ce#ra$ "orio# o+ he %eed
i% occu"ied b; "o$;,o#a$ "are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ e#do%"erm co#ai#i#, abu#da# oi$
dro"% a#d a$euro#e ,rai#%R embr;o i% %$i,h$; cur-edP radic$e rod $i3eP beari#, 2P or
('
rare$; 'P co;$edo#ar; $ea-e%P embedded i# he oi$; e#do%"ermR co#e#% o+ he
co;$edo# are %imi$ar o ho%e o+ e#do%"erm.
!oDder H &i,h broD#P coar%eP #o +ree +$oDi#,P c$o or ba$$ +ormi#,P u#der micro%co"e
exhibi% $ar,e +a; oi$ dro"$e%P characeri%ic "e#a o hexa,o#a$ e%a ce$$%P e#do%"erm
a#d reicu$ae $a;er ce$$%R ce$$% co#ai#i#, characeri%ic cr;%a$ a#d +ibre% a$%o "re%e#.

A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# = "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
Fixed oi$ No $e%% ha# 1B "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.4

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ hexa#e exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ 76 F 2/0 "$ae u%i#, 9o$ue#e Q Aceo#e
(B'Q6=) %hoD% +i-e %"o% a R+ 6.2/P 6.'BP 6./6P 6.=7 a#d 6.4' o# %"ra;i#, Dih 2a#i$$i#H
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Fixed oi$ co#ai#i#, e%er% o+ $i#o$eicP "a$miicP o$eic acid%.

Ra%a Q Madhura
1u#a Q 1uru
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q 8a$;aP Sambha#aP 2OaharaP 2UV;aP 2eda#O%hO"a#aP RZc;aP 2arW;a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Abh;Odi 1ui3aP Abhra3Odi 2aiP A%-a#i )umOr Ra%a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H Ai%OraP )O%a
D*SC H /H16 ,

(.
'7. )hami (R)
)HA9M:(Roo)
)hamSco#%i%% o+ he roo o+ A$haea o++ici#a$i% &i##. (Fam. Ma$-aceae) a
"ere##ia$P u#i+orm$; doD#; herbP occurri#, i# )a%hmir re,io#.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )hamS
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q Mar%h Ma$$oD
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q )hami
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q )hami
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )hami
9e$u,u Q )hami
>rdu Q A%$ua )himiP Re%hahHeH)hami
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo% 6.2 o ' cm i# diameerP $i,h broD# i# co$ourP %ro#,$; $o#,iudi#a$$;
+urroDedP o+e# %"ira$$; Di%edR +racureP %horP exure rou,hP i#er#a$$; ;e$$oDi%h
DhieR odourP "$ea%a#R a%eP %Dee a#d muci$a,i#ou%.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. roo circu$ar i# ou$i#eR cor3 4 o 12 ce$$% broadP radia$$; arra#,ed +$ae#ed
ce$$%R corex broadP $oo%e$; arra#,edP "are#ch;maou%P ce$$% +i$$ed Dih muci$a,eR %ma$$
"ache% o+ $i,#i+ied +ibre% "re%e#R $ar,e #umber o+ %chizo,e#ou% a#d $;%i,e#ou%
muci$a,e ca#a$% "re%e#R "h$oem De$$ de-e$o"ed co#%i%i#, o+ %ie-e ube%P com"a#io#
ce$$% a#d "h$oem "are#ch;ma +i$$ed Dih muci$a,eR cambium 2 o ' ce$$edP x;$em di++u%e
"orou%P made u" o+ -e%%e$%P racheid%P +ibre%P a#d racheida$ +ibre%P -e%%e$% mo%$;
%o$iar; H +i$$ed Dih ;$o%e% a %ome "$ace%P medu$$ar; ra;% ' o / ce$$% dee"R ro%ee
cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae "re%e# i# corica$P "h$oem a#d x;$em re,io#R ce$$% co#ai#
muci$a,eP %ai#ed red Dih 1[ ruhe#ium redP a#d dee" ;e$$oD Dih "oa%%ium h;droxide
%o$uio#R mo% o+ he "are#ch;maou% ce$$% co#ai# %arch ,rai#%P "o$;,o#a$ o rou#dedP /
(0
o 26 ?mP mo% ,rai#% $e%% ha# 12 ?m i# diameerP %im"$eP hi$um circu$ar or a 2 o /
ra;ed c$e+ $ame$$ae i#di%i#c.
!oDder H !oDder Dhie o $i,h ;e$$oDP %Dee i# a%eR u#der he micro%co"e #umerou%
+ra,me#% o+ "are#ch;maP he ce$$% co#ai#i#, muci$a,e a#d %arch ,rai#% "o$;,o#a$ o
rou#dedP /H26 ?mP mo% ,rai#% $e%% ha# 12 ?m i# diameerP %im"$eP hi$um circu$ar or a
2H/ ra;ed c$e+ $ame$$ae i#di%i#cR occa%io#a$$; %ma$$ ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP
,rou" o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$%P -e%%e$% mea%uri#, 11' o 272 ?m $o#,P +ibre%
mea%uri#, /1B o 16'4 ?m $o#, a#d B o 1B ?m broadR muci$a,i#ou% ca#a$%R Dhe#
reaed Dih /6[ HN*
'
ur#% ;e$$oDi%hHora#,e a#d emi% ;e$$oD +$uore%ce#ce u#der >2
2/0 #mR Dih /6[ )*HP i emi% $i,h ;e$$oD +$uore%ce#ce u#der >2 2/0 #mP Dhi$e
Dih 1 NHNa*H i# meha#o$ ora#,ei%h broD# co$our i% %ee# i# da; $i,h.

Moi%ure co#e# No more ha# 4 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.B.
9oa$ a%h No more ha# = "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
Acid i#%o$ub$e a%h No $e%% ha# 1./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.
A$coho$ %o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 4 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
.aer %o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 21 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=

9.&.C.
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae Q meha#o$ (46 Q 26 Q 6.6/) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m)
+$uore%ce# zo#e% a R+. 6.12P 6.2=P 6.''P 6.42. *# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric
acid a#d heai#, +or e# mi#ue% a 126
o
CP %hoD% %"o% a R+. 6.12P 6.14P 6.0'P 6.0=P 6.7B
a#d 6.42.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 1a$acuro#ic acidP ,a$aco%eP ,$uco%eP x;$o%e d
rham#o%eP"o$;%accharide a$haea muci$a,eH*P
a%"ara,i#e#eP beai#eP $ecihi# a#d "h;o%ero$P
"o$;%accharide%.

Ra%a Q Madhura
1u#a Q 1uruP !icchi$aP S#i,dha
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q MZra$aP !iaharaP 2OaharaP 2eda#O%hO"a#aP J$eVma%Ora3aP
)a"ha,h#a
()

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 1o<ih-Odi )-Oha CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H MZradOhaP DOhaP )O%aP MZra3UcchraP !raiY;O;aP Ra3a"iaP M
ZrOYa;aYohaP )aWTharo,aP #raYoha
D*SC H ' H7 ,.

(7
'=. )hami (Seed)
)HA9M:(Seed)
)hamS %eed% or 9u3hmHeH3hamiP co#%i% o+ dried %eed% o+ A$haea o++ici#a$i%
&i##. (Fam. Ma$-aceae)P a "ere##ia$P u#i+orm$; doD#; herb occurri#, i# )a%hmir re,io#.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )hamS
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q Mar%h Ma$$oD
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q )hami bi<a
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q )hami
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )hami
9e$u,u Q )hami
>rdu Q 8a<ru$ )himiP )hameeP 9u3hmaHeH)hamee
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he %eed% are %ma$$ o moderae %izeP a""roximae$; 7 mmP u%ua$$; broD#i%hH
b$ac3P re#i+ormP ru,o%eP hair; a mar,i#%R become muci$a,e#ou% Dhe# %oa3ed i# Daer.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% e%a H a# ouer mu$ice$$u$ar $a;er com"ri%i#, o+ ouer mo% hic3
Da$$ed e"idermi% Dih mu$ice$$u$arP 2 o 7 armed %e$$ae a#d %ome u#ice$$u$ar hair%P
$o#,e% bei#, #ear he micro";$eR hi% i% +o$$oDed b; 0 o 16 $a;er% o+ "are#ch;maou%
ce$$% %e-era$ Dih ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP i#erru"ed b; %chizo,e#ou%
muci$a,e ca#a$%R he i##er e"idermi% o+ e%a i% a$%o hic3 Da$$ed. 9e,me# Do $a;eredR
ouer e,me# H 0 o 7 ce$$% dee"P $i,#i+ied 2 o 7 armed %e$$ae hair% "re%e# a$%o o# iP
hi% ea%i$; deached +rom he i##er e,me#R i##er e,me# H 0 o 7 ce$$% dee"P he ouer
bei#, a roD o+ "a$i%adeH$i3e ma$"hi,hia# ce$$% +o$$oDed b; a %$i,h$; hic3 Da$$edP #o#H
$i,#i+ied Do $a;ered h;"odermi% o+ ce$$% Dih heir i##er "eric$i#a$ Da$$% co#ca-e (i)R 2
o ' $a;ered "are#ch;maou% me%o"h;$$R he i##er e"idermi% i% a $a;er o+ hi# Da$$ed
ce$$% Dih rod $i3e $i,#i+ied hic3e#i#, %caered o# he a#ic$i#a$ Da$$%R e#do%"erm ce$$%
(,
+i$$ed Dih %arch ,rai#% Dhich are "o$;,o#a$ o rou#dedP / o 26 ? m i# %izeP hi$um
circu$ar or %hoDi#, a 2 o / ra;ed c$e+P $ame$$ae i#di%i#cR o-u$e cam";$oro"ou%R %eed%
o+ A$haea ro%ea do #o %hoD he ;"e o+ hair% "re%e# i# A. o++ici#a$i%P bu ha-e mo%$;
u#ice$$u$ar hair%.
!oDder H !oDder broD#i%hHb$ac3 i# co$ourP odour$e%%P muci$a,i#ou% a#d %Deei%h i#
a%eR %hoD% e$o#,aed hic3 Da$$ed rid,ed ma$"hi,hia# ce$$%R i# %ur+ace -ieD he; are
hexa,o#a$ %hoDi#, Da$$ hic3e#i#,%R "ache% o+ "are#ch;ma Dih muci$a,e a#d %arch
,rai#%P "o$;,o#a$ o rou#dedP / o 26 ? mP hi$um circu$arP or Dih a 2 o / ra;ed c$e+P
$ame$$ae i#di%i#cR ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a#d %e$$ae hair%R a %ma$$ amou#
o+ "oDder o# micro%co"ic %$ide ur#% maroo# Dih /6 [ H
2
S*
0
a#d b$ac3 Dih 1NH
Na*H i# am;$aceae. .he# reaed Dih 1[ ruhe#ium redP "oDder become% "i#3 i#
co$our %hoDi#, he "re%e#ce o+ muci$a,e.


9.&.C.
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae Q meha#o$ (4/ Q 1/ Q 6./) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) b$ue
+$uore%ce# a R+. 6.14P 6.'' a#d 6.7=. *# %"ra;i#, Dih A#i%a$deh;deHSu$"huric acid
a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 126
o
CP %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.16 (,re;)P 6.14
(,re;)P 6.'2 (,ree#)P 6.'= (#a-; b$ue)P 6./= (,re;i%h b$ue) a#d 6.7= (,re;i%h b$ue).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 1$uco%eP %ucro%eP ,a$aco%e d ma##o%eP $i#o$eic acidR
i%obu;$a$coho$P $imo#e#eP "he$$a#dre#eP GH o$uer$deh;deP cira$P er"e#eo$P CH %io%ero$.

Ra%a Q Madhura
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q MZra$aP !iaharaP 2OaharaP 2eda#O%hO"a#aP J$eVma )a$O
S#eha3araP J$eVma SOra3a

(8
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 1o<ih-Odi )-Oha CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H )O%aP MZra3UcchraP !raiY;O;aP MZradOhaP )aWharo,a.
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

(-
'4. )hub3a$a# (Sd)
)H8)A&N (Seed)
)hZb3a$O# i% he %eed o+ Si%;mbrium irio &i##. (Fam. 8ra%%icaceae)P a# a##ua$ or
bie##ia$ herb +ou#d i# )a%hmirP !u#<ab a#d Har;a#a a#d +rom Ra<a%ha# o >.!. e%"ecia$$;
o# moi% %oi$.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q HH
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q Hed,eHMu%ardP &o#do# Roc3e
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q )hub )a$aa#P )haa3%ee
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q Ra#ee3hee
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q ?a#,$i%ar%o#P Ma3ru%aP Ma3aroo%aa
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q )huba3a$a#
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Seed% more or $e%% e$$i"%oidP mi#ueP %ize abou a mmP ora#,i%hHbroD#P
muci$a,i#ou% Dih Dar; %ur+aceR odourP "u#,e# $i3e mu%ard oi$ a#d a%e $i3e bier
mu%ard oi$.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ %eed %hoD% %eed coa Dih %ix $a;er%P ouermo% a %i#,$e $a;er o+
e"idermi% o+ reca#,u$arP +$ae#ed a#d hi# Da$$ed ce$$% ra#,i#, +rom '6 o /6 ? i#
$e#,h co#ai#i#, co$our$e%%P co#ce#rica$$; %riaed muci$a,eR a DoHce$$ dee" $a;er o+
"are#ch;maou% ce$$%P a %i#,$e roD o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih heir radia$ a#d i##er
a#,e#ia$ Da$$% hic3e#edP a %i#,$eHce$$ $a;er o+ "i,me#P a %i#,$e ce$$ $a;er o+ a$euro#e
,rai#%P +o$$oDed b; cru%hed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R co;$edo#% co#ai# a$euro#e ,rai#%
a#d oi$ ,$obu$e%R embr;o +o$dedR %arch ab%e#.
((
!oDder H 8roD#P Dih "u#,e# mu%ard oi$ %me$$P %hoD% oi$ ,$obu$e%R a$euro#e ,rai#%
co#ai#i#, cr;%a$$oid%P ,$oboid% a#d %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$%R Dih ruhe#ium red
muci$a,e ur#% "i#3.

Fixed oi$ No $e%% ha# 26 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.4

9.&.C.
bua#o$ Q aceic acid Q meha#o$ (76Q16Q26) %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0 #m) ,ree# %"o% a R+.
6.6=P 6.1=P 6.2'P 6.2BP 6.// a#d 6.4=. A+er %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid
rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o
C +or e# mi#ue% %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.6/ (,ree#)P
6.6B (,ree#)P 6.1' ($i,h ,ree#)P 6.21 (dar3 ,ree#)P 6.24 ("ur"$e)P 6.06 ("ur"$e)P 6.=7
($i,h "ur"$e) a#d 6.B' (dar3 "ur"$e). A+er %"ra;i#, Dih Dra,e#dor++]% rea,e#P o#e %"o
a""ear% a R+. 6.20 (bri,h ora#,e).
C*NS9I9>CN9S H Fixed oi$ a#d I%orham#ei#.

Ra%a Q )aTu
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 8a$;aP 2OaharaP )a"haharP S-eda3araP Johahara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 1o<ih-Odi )-Oha CurWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H J-O%aP ?-araP )O%aP 2Oa<a#;a 2i3OraP S-arabhedaP Daurba$;aP
)a"ha-i3Ora.
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'**
'B. )odra-ah(1rai#)
)*DRA2AH (1rai#)
)odra-ah co#%i%% o+ dehu%3ed a#d De$$Hmaured car;o"%i% o+ !a%"a$um
%crobicu$aum &i##. (Fam. !oaceae)P a# a##ua$ ,ra%% 76 o B6 cm a$$P cu$i-aed i# he "$ai#%
o+ I#dia +or i% ,rai#%R #eD$; ,ahered ,rai#% Dih hu%3% are "oi%o#ou%R hu%3% are remo-ed
"rior o u%e or "oDderi#,.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )oradZVahP )oradZVa3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )odo aadhaa#
C#,$i%h Q )odo Mi$$e
1u<rai Q )odroP )odaraa
Hi#di Q )odo#P )oda-aP )ododhaam
)a##ada Q Hara3P Hari3e
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q 2ara3u
Marahi Q )odraP Hari3P )odru
*ri;a Q )odua
!u#<abi Q )odo#P )odra
9ami$ Q 2ara,u
9e$u,u Q Ari3e$uP )iraru,a
>rdu Q )odo#
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
1rai# o-a$ o rou#ded i# %ha"eP "$a#oHco#-ex a#d u" o abou 0 mm i# $e#,hR
"ericar" broD#P adhere# o %eed%P ca# be remo-ed b; rubbi#,R a% %ee# u#der ha#d $e#%P
o# he co#-ex %ide o+ car;o"%i%P here i% o#e ce#ra$ $i#eP a#d o# he "$a#e %ur+aceP hree
$i#e%R i#%ide "ericar" i% a %hi#; broD# %eedR %eed% "o%%e%% hree "romi#e# rid,e% o# he
co#-ex %ide a#d i# beDee# he%e rid,e%P +i#e %riaio#% are "re%e#R "$a#e %ide o+ he
%eed %hoD% +i#e$; %riaed o-a$ ce#ra$ de"re%%io#P a"ica$ %ide "oi#ed.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% hic3 "ericar" com"o%ed o+ 7 o 16 $a;er% o+ ce$$%R ouermo% $a;er
e$o#,aed Dih ouer a#d i##er Da$$% $i,#i+iedR be$oD hi%P ce$$% ha-e hic3e#ed Da$$%P
a#d a muchHreduced $ume#R e%a #o De$$ de+i#ed a#d com"o%ed o+ cru%hed ce$$%R ce$$%
o+ %cue$$um irre,u$ar i# %ha"e a#d u%ua$$; co#ai# oi$ dro"$e%R ouer ce$$% o+ e#do%"erm
'*'
co#ai# a$euro#e ,rai#%R e#do%"erm ce$$% hi# Da$$edP "o$;,o#a$P $ar,e a#d +u$$; "ac3ed
Dih "e#a o hexa,o#a$ %arch ,rai#%P u%ua$$; 4 o 26 ?.
!oDder H 8roD#P +i#eP +ree +$oDi#,P characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+ characeri%ic hic3
Da$$edP "ericar" ce$$%P "e#a o hexa,o#a$ %arch ,rai#%P Dhich are i%o$aedP or i# ,rou"%.
)D*,T)T-. /$)T- A,D %T$*,0T1


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ eha#o$ exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, Ch$oro+orm Q Meha#o$
(B/Q6/) %hoD% +i-e %"o% a R+ 6.2/P 6.'4P 6.//P 6.7= a#d 6.4B o# %"ra;i#, Dih 16[
a$coho$ic %u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae +or 1/ mi#ue% a 116
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H H;drocarco#% he#riaco#a#o$P he#riaco#a#o#eR %ero$% %uch a% CH
%io%ero$P cam"e%ro$.

1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 1rOhiP )a"haharaP !iaharaP &e3ha#aP 2iVa,ha#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H NOdS-raWahara ur;Odi &e"aP NOdS-raWahara ur;Odi
9ai$a.

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H NOXS-raWaP !ramehaP Ra3a"iaP 2raWaP Ai%hau$;aP A##adra-aY
Z$aP Medo-UddhiP ?a$odara
D*SC H /6H166 ,.

'*.
06. )%hira3a3o$i (8u$b)
)L:RA))*&: (8u$b)
)VSra3O3o$S co#%i%% o+ he dried Dho$e bu$b o+ Frii$$aria ro;$ei Hoo3. (Fam.
&i$iaceae)P a ,$abrou% herb 7H20 m i# hei,hP +ou#d i# .e%er# em"erae Hima$a;a% +rom
)umao# o )a%hmir a a# a$iude o+ 2/66H0666 mR "roce%%ed b; boi$i#,.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Ju3$OP )VSr-a$$i3O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q Frii$$ar;
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q )%hiraP )a3o$i
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q )%hiraP )a3o$i
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )%hiraP )a3o$i
9e$u,u Q )%hiraP )a3o$i
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
.ho$e bu$b% are hardP co#ica$ 1./ o 2./ i# Didh a#d ' o './ cm i# $e#,hP
ra#%$u%ce# Dih %$i,h $o#,iudi#a$ rid,e%P co-ered Dih hard membra#ou% %ca$e%
arra#,ed i# a co#ce#ric ma##er a#d brea3i#, readi$; Dih a %hor +racureR cu %ur+ace
Dhie o creami%hH;e$$oD a#d %arch;R %car% o+ ad-e#iiou% roo% %ee#R odourP "$ea%a#R
a%eP bier.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ bu$b %hoD% co#ce#ric $a;er% o+ %ca$e $ea-e%R axi% o+ bu$b %hoD hree
co#ce#ric $a;er% o+ %ca$e $ea-e%P Dih a# ouer a#d i##er e"idermi% co#%i%i#, o+ %i#,$e
$a;ered "are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih muci$a,eR cuic$e o+ boh e"idermi% i% %$i,h$; Da-;
a#d hor#;P me%o"h;$$ co#%i%% o+ 7 o B $a;ered hexa,o#a$ "are#ch;ma ce$$%R %arch
,rai#% ,e$ai#i%edR ra"hide% ra#,i#, +rom 166 o 2'6 ? i# $e#,h are a$%o "re%e# i# he
me%o"h;$$R %ur+ace -ieD o+ u""er e"idermi% %hoD com"ac$; arra#,ed reca#,u$arP
e$o#,aed hi# Da$$ed ce$$%.
'*0
!oDderH !oDder creami%h Dih "$ea%a# %me$$R ra"hide% "re%e#R "oDder reaed Dih
ruhe#ium redP muci$a,e ur#% bri,h "i#3.


9.&.C.
9.&.C o+ he meha#o$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
bua#o$ Q aceic acid Q Daer (7Q1Q2) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) %"o% a R+. 6.11P 6.14P
6.2BP 6.''P 6.'=P 6.0/P 6.0BP 6.72 a#d 6.B' (a$$ +$uore%ce# b$ue) u#der >2 2/0 #m %"o%
a R+. 6.''P 6.'=P 6.72 a#d 6.B' (a$$ ,ree#). A+er %"ra;i#, Dih Dra,e#dor++]% rea,e#
ora#,e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.'' a#d 6.'=.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H A$3a$oid% )a%himiri#e (im"eria$i#e)P "eimi#eP !eimi%i#eP
!ro"eimi#eP !eimi"hi#e a#d !eimiidi#e.
Ra%a Q Madhura
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q !iaharaP Ra%O;a#aP 2OaharaP 2UV;aP 8UbhaWaP Ju3ra-ardha3aP
Sa#;a<a##aP )a"ha3araP 9UVOharaP 8a%i 2iYodha#SP 2iVa,h#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H DaYamZ$ariVTaP Ji-O,ui3OP 8Uhaa"ha$aP 1hUaP 8UhaH
1uXucS 9ai$aP 8UhamOVa 9ai$aP MO#a%amira 2aTi3aP
Ra%arO<a Ra%a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JoVaP DOhaP HUdro,aP ?-araP )O%aP )Va;aP Ra3adoVaP Ra3a"iaP
Ra3aro,aP J-a%OP 2Oaara3aP Eo#i 2;O"adP 2Oa-;OdhiP
2aa"iaru<O
D*SC H 'H/ , i# he "oDder +orm.

'*)
01. )%hira-idari (8u$b)
)LH:RA2IDR: (Roo)
)VhSra-idOrS i% he dried roo o+ I"omoea di,iaa &i##. %;#. I"omoea "a#icu$aa
(&i##.) R. 8r. (Fam. Co#-o$-u$aceae)R a "ere##ia$ c$imberP di%ribued hrou,hou he
Darm a#d moi% re,io#% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q I3Vu,a#dhOP I3Vu-a$$SP !a;a%-i#iP Dir,ha3a#dO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 8huh )umdaaP 8hooi )umhdaa
C#,$i%h Q 1ia# "oao
1u<rai Q 2idaaree )a#d
Hi#di Q 2idaaree )a#daP 8huh )umdaaP 8hui )umbhadaa
)a##ada Q Ne$3umba$P Naada3umba$a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q !aa$mua33u
Marahi Q 8hui )oha$aa
*ri;a Q 8hui# )a3haaru
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Ni$a""ucha#iP !aa$mudam,i
9e$u,u Q !aa$a,ummuduP Ne$a,ummudu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he roo co#%i%% o+ hic3 "iece% o+ di++ere# %ize%P u%ua$$; 2 o 4 mm i# diameerR
ouer %ur+ace broD#i%h a#d rou,h due o he "re%e#ce o+ $o#,iudi#a$ +i%%ure%P rid,e% a#d
#umerou% circu$ar $e#ice$%R core $i,h broD# a#d +ibrou%R +racureP +ibrou%P odour$e%%
a#d %Deei%h i# a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
RooH Roo %hoD% 7 o B $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$ed cor3 ce$$%P exer#a$$; co-ered b;
rh;idomaR "he$$oderm com"o%ed o+ 4 o16 $a;er% o+ ce$$%P hi# Da$$ed a#d +i$$ed Dih
%arch ,rai#%P i#di-idua$ %arch ,rai# rou#ded o irre,u$ar i# %ha"eP -ariab$e i# %ize
mea%uri#, abou 1' o 20 ?mP Dih di%i#c ce#ric hi$umR ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae
"re%e#R %eco#dar; "h$oem co#%i%% o+ com"a#io# ce$$%P %ie-e ube e$eme#% a#d "h$oem
"are#ch;maP ra-er%ed b; u#iH or bi%eriae medu$$ar; ra;R #umerou% re%i# duc% a#d
%arch ,rai#% occur i# he %eco#dar; "h$oemR %eco#dar; x;$em co#%i%% o+ x;$em
'*7
"are#ch;maP x;$em -e%%e$%P x;$em +ibre% a#d racheid%R -e%%e$% $ar,e i# %ize a#d
#umerou%.
!oDderH &i,h o dar3 broD#P +i#e o coar%e exureR %im"$e a#d com"ou#d %arch ,rai#%
o+ -ariab$e %izeP cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae i# "ri%maic a#d c$u%er +ormR "ied -e%%e$%R
racheid%R "are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih %im"$e "i% a#d $o#, +ibre% Dih Dide $ume# a#d
"oi#ed e#d%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o+ dried roo "oDder o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2
mm hic3) u%i#, !ero$eum eherQ Dieh;$ eherQ 1$acia$ aceic acid (4Q 2Q 6.1) u#der >2
$i,h ('7/ #m) %hoD% Do +$uore%ce# zo#e% a R+. 6.20 a#d 6.02 (boh ,ree#). *#
%"ra;i#, Dih 2a#i$$i#HSu$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or 1/ mi#ue% a
16/
o
CP hree %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.14P 6.// a#d 6.B/ (a$$ b$ac3).
C*NS9I9>CN9S H 1$;co%ide%P %eroid%P a##i#% a#d +ixed oi$.

Ra%a Q MadhuraP 9i3aP )aVO;a
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q 8UbhaWaP 8a$;aP Ra%O;a#aP S-ar;aP 2OaharaP 2UV;aP 2arW;aP Aim
Zra$aP Sa#;a<a#a#aP ?S-a#S;a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H JS-O,ui3O

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H Ra3a-i3OraP 2raWaP Sa#;a-i3OraP !ia<a JZ$aP MahO-Oa-;OdhiP
MZraro,aP 8ha,#a
D*SC H / H 16 ,.

'*,
02. )u$a#<a#(Rz)
)>&AM?ANA (Rhizome)
)u$ac<a#a co#%i%% o+ dried rhizome o+ A$"i#ia ,a$a#,a .i$$d. (Fam.
Ii#,iberaceae)P a "$a# u"o abou 2.6 m hi,h beari#, "ere##ia$ rhizomeP ,roDi#, i#
ea%er# Hima$a;a% a#d %ouhDe% I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Su,a#dhmZ$aP Ma$a;aP 2acOP ShZ$a,ra#hihP MahObharS 2acOP RO%#O
(Souh)
A%%ame%e Q )hu$a#<aa#a
8e#,a$i Q )u$a#<a#P )urachi 2ach
C#,$i%h Q 1reaer ,a$a#,a$P ?a-a,a$a#,a$
1u<rai Q )u$i#<a# ?aa#uP )o$i#<a#
Hi#di Q )u$a#<a#P )u$i#<a#
)a##ada Q Doddara%a,addeP Dhoomraa%mi
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q AraaP Ci++araa
Marahi Q )u$i#$a#P )o%ha )u$i#<a#P Mohe )o$a#<a#
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q AraaiP Siaraai
9e$u,u Q Dum"araa%ramu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo H 9he roo% are ad-e#iiou%P i# ,rou"%P +ibrou%P "er%i%e# i# dried rhizome%P
abou 6./ o 2 cm $o#, a#d 6.1 o 6.2 cm i# diameer a#d ;e$$oDi%hHbroD# i# co$our.
Rhizome H Rhizome c;$i#drica$P bra#chedP 2 o 4 cm i# diameerP $o#,iudi#a$$; rid,ed
Dih "romi#e# rou#ded Dar% (rem#a#% o+ roo%) mar3ed Dih +i#e a##u$aio#%R %ca$;
$ea-e% arra#,ed circu$ar$;R exer#a$$; reddi%hHbroD#P i#er#a$$; ora#,e ;e$$oD i# co$ourR
+racureP hard a#d +ibrou%R +racureP %ur+ace rou,hR odourP "$ea%a# a#d aromaicR %"ic;
a#d %Dee i# a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo H 9.S. o+ roo circu$ar i# ou$i#eP %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% Dih barre$ %ha"ed ce$$%
ha-i#, u#ice$$u$ar roo hair%P h;"odermi% ' or 0 ce$$% dee" a#d %c$ere#ch;maou%P corex
"are#ch;maou%P ma#; ce$$% dee"P Dih De$$ de-e$o"ed i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R e#dodermi%
%hoDi#, "romi#e# ca%"aria# %ri"% a#d ]-] %ha"ed hic3e#i#,P +o$$oDed b; ma#; ce$$ed
'*8
%c$ere#ch;maou% "eric;c$eR x;$em a#d "h$oem i# %e"arae radia$ %ra#d%R ce#re
occu"ied Dih a "are#ch;maou% "ih.
Rhizome H 9.S. o+ ;ou#, rhizome circu$ar i# ou$i#eR e"iderma$ ce$$% %ma$$ a#d a#,u$arP
hic3 cuic$e "re%e#P rhizome di++ere#iaed i#o a Dide corex a#d a ce#ra$ c;$i#derP
boh re,io#% ha-i#, irre,u$ar$; %caered -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%P each -a%cu$ar bu#d$e Dih a
"romi#e# +ibrou% %heahR i##er $imi o+ corex mar3ed b; reca#,u$ar "are#ch;maou%
ce$$%R %e$e Dih irre,u$arP c$o%e$; "$aced -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% oDard% "eri"her;P roo race%
"re%e#P %chizo,e#ou% ca#a$% a#d oi$ ce$$% Dih %uberized Da$$% +ou#d i# corex a#d i#
ce#ra$ re,io#R mo% o+ he "are#ch;maou% ce$$% +i$$ed Dih %arch ,rai#% Dhich are
e$$i"%oida$ o o-oidP %omeime% bea3edP %im"$eP 16 o 70 ?mP hi$um ecce#ricP circu$ar or
cre%ce# %ha"ed a he broad e#dP he #arroD bea3H$i3e e#d become b$ac3 Dhe# %ai#ed
Dih di$. iodi#e Daer a#d ch$orHzi#c iodide bu he remai#i#, "ar become $i,h b$ue or
broD#. Maceraed "re"raio# %hoD% -e%%e$% B/ o =16 ?m $o#, a#d 1B o 1B6 ?m broadP
racheida$ +ibre% 74 o B26 ?m $o#, a#d 1B o '6 ?m broad.
!oDder H !oDder i% ora#,e broD# i# co$ourP %"ic; a#d %Dee i# a%eP %hoD%
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% co#ai#i#, %arch (a% de%cribed u#der micro%co"; o+ rhizome)P oi$
ce$$%P %chizo,e#ou% ca#a$%P -e%%e$% Dih %ca$ari+orm a#d reicu$ae hic3e#i#,% a#d
racheida$ +ibre%.
IDCN9IFICA9I*N 9CS9 H
*#e dro" o+ a# exrac o+ 1 , dried "oDdered maeria$ Dih eha#o$ "$aced o#
+i$er "a"er a#d ob%er-ed u#der >2 $i,h doe% #o %hoD +$uore%ce#ceR (di%i#cio# +rom
]$e%%er ,a$a#,a$] A$"i#ia o++ici#arum Dhich ,i-e% b$ui%h +$uore%ce#ce).

Sarch No $e%% ha# 22 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.1'.
C%%e#ia$ oi$ No $e%% ha# 6.0 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.16.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he meha#o$ic exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae% (6.2 mm hic3)
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae Q meha#o$ (46Q26Q6.0) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) b$ue
+$uore%ce# zo#e% o+ ;e$$oDP ,ree# a#d b$ue a R+. 6.1/P 6.2/P 6.7B re%"eci-e$;. *#
%"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue%
'*-
a 126
o
CP %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.1/ (,re;i%h ,ree#)P 6.'/ (-io$e)P 6.04 (,re;i%h ,ree#)P
6.7' (,re;i%h ,ree#)P 6.7B (,ree#) a#d 6.B1 (-io$e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H C%%e#ia$ oi$P co#ai#i#, A H "i#e#eP C H "i#e#eP $imo#e#eP ci#eo$P
er"i#e# H 0 H o$ a#d A H er"i#eo$.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q 1uru
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q HUd;aP )aWh;aP )a"haharaP RZc;aP S-ar;aP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP
!Oca#SP Mu3ha Jodha3a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 8rOhmS 2aTSP RO%#Odi3aVO;aP RO%#OdOr-Odi )aVO;aP
RO%#O"aaca3amP RO%#O Sa"a3amP RO%#OYuWTh;Odi
)aVO;aP RO%#airaWXOdi )aVO;a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H Jo"haP J-O%aP Hi33OP !raiY;O;aP 2Oa-;OdhiP >dararo,aP )am"aP
2iVma<-araP )a"ha<a3O%aP AYiP MahO3uVTha.P 2Oa<a JZ$a
D*SC H 1H' , "oDder.

'*(
0'. )umbhi3a(Sd)
)>M8H:)AH(Seed)
)umbhS3ah co#%i%% o+ dried %eed o+ Care;a arborea Roxb. (Fam. &ec;hidaceae)P a
medium %ized deciduou% ree aai#i#, a hei,h o+ B o 14 m. occurri#, hrou,hou I#dia
u"o a# a$iude o+ 1P/66 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q S-Odu"uV"aP 2iTa"SP Sha$a )umbhSP RomaYO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )umbhi
C#,$i%h Q )umbi
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q Sha$a )umbhi
)a##ada Q Dadda$aP 1uddaP Daddi""e
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q !ezu#o$
Marahi Q )umbhaa
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )umbi
9e$u,u Q Dudi""i
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Seed%P exa$bumi#ou%P dar3 broD#P o-a$ e$$i"%oidP 1./ o 2 cm $o#,P u"o o#e cm
or %$i,h$; abo-e i# DidhR i#dehi%ce#R e%a hard a#d Dri#3$edR odourP "$ea%a#R a%eP
a%ri#,e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
9e%a %c$ere#ch;maou% +o$$oDed b; a zo#e o+ co$$a"%ed ce$$% o+ ouer
i#e,ume#P i##er i#e,ume# $i#ed b; cuic$e o# boh %ide%R ouer $a;er% o+ boh
i#e,ume#% +i$$ed Dih dar3 broD# maeria$R co;$edo#% o+ ma#; $a;eredP hi# Da$$edP
"o$;,o#a$ "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P +i$$ed abu#da#$; Dih %arch ,rai#% a#d occa%io#a$$;
Dih oi$.
!oDder H Creami%hH;e$$oD o $i,hHbroD#P %hoD% +ra,me#% o+ co;$edo# ce$$%R %caered
%o#e ce$$% o+ e%aP abu#da# %arch ,rai#%P %im"$e a#d rou#dP abou / ?.
''*


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he hexa#e exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
"ero$eum eher Q dieh;$ eher Q aceic acid (BQ1Q6.1) %hoD% %"o% a R+. 6.10 ("ur"$e)P
6.27 (broD#)P 6.'2 ($i,h "i#3)P 6.00 ("i#3) a#d 6.== ("ur"$e) o# %"ra;i#, Dih -a#i$$i#H
%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Sa"o#i#% (+i-e %a"o,e#o$%H care;a,e#o$ AP 8P CP D d C)R %ero$%P AH
%"i#o%ero$ a#d AH%"i#o%ero#e.

Ra%a Q )aTuP )aVO;a
1u#a Q Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 1rOhSP )a"haharaP 2OaharaP 2raWa Ro"a#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Marma 1uTi3O

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H )UmiP )uVThaP NOXS-raWaP !ramehaP 2iVaro,aP 2raWaP 2Oi3a
)O%aP !a3-Oi%Ora
D*SC H 2H7 , "oDder.

'''
00. &aa3ar#<a (Sd)
&A9)ARA(?A (Seed)
&aO3araa<a co#%i%% o+ %eed o+ Cae%a$"i#ia bo#duc (&i##.) Roxb. (Fam.
Cae%a$"i#iaceae)P a# exe#%i-eP %hrubb;P Di$dP "ere##ia$ c$imber di%ribued hrou,hou
ro"ica$ "ar% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )uberO3VaP )aWTa3S )araa<a
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )aa#aa )ara#<aaP NaaaaP Naaaa )ara#<aa
C#,$i%h Q 8o#duc NuP Fe-er Nu
1u<rai Q )aa#cha3aaP )aa#3a
Hi#di Q )ara#<aP )ara#<uaaP )aa#aa )ara#<
)a##ada Q 1a<<i3e )aa;iP 1a<3ai
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )a$amchi3uruP )aa$a#chiP )azhi#ch H )ai
Marahi Q Saa,ar ,oaaP 1a<ar,hoaaP 1aa<a,aa
*ri;a Q )oo3o$e<aa
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )a<ha %hi33eP )a$ichchi33aai
9e$u,u Q 1achcha3aa;
>rdu Q A3ima3i
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Seed% ,$obo%e or rou#dedP %moohP %hi#;P 1.2 o 2./ cm i# diameerR %$i,h$;
+$ae#ed o# o#e %ide due o c$o%e "re%%i#, o+ ad<ace# %eed%R hi$um a#d micro";$e c$o%e
o,eherR hi$um %urrou#ded b; a dar3 area arou#d 0 mm i# diameerP u%ua$$; Dih a
Dhii%h or ;e$$oDi%h rem#a# o+ +u#icu$u%R micro";$e #ear he "eri"her; o+ he dar3 areaR
%eed coa ,ree#i%hH,re; o b$ui%hH,re;P $i#eaeP %hi#;R 166 %eed% Dei,h +rom 22/ o 2/6
,.
b) Micro%co"ic
9e%a %hoD% a# ouer %i#,$e roD o+ radia$$; e$o#,aedP -er; #arroDP ra#%$u%ce#P
com"ac$; arra#,ed ce$$% +ormi#, a "a$i%ade $a;er (Ma$"i,hia# $a;er) "a%%i#, hrou,h
Dhich i% he ]$i#ea $ucida]. 9he%e ce$$% a""ear hexa,o#a$ i# %ur+ace -ieD a#d "o%%e%%
hic3 Da$$% (rich i# "eci# a% e-ide# +rom Ch$oroHzi#c Iodi#e 9e%)R a %ubHe"iderma$
zo#e o+ 2 or ' $a;er% o+ hic3 Da$$ed bearer ce$$% "re%e#P +o$$oDed b; mu$i"$e roD% o+
o%eo%c$ereid%P Dhich "ro,re%%i-e$; i#crea%e i# %izeP e$o#,ae $aera$$; a#d ha-e more
''.
i#erce$$u$ar %"ace% oDard% he i##er %ideR he ouer +eD $a;er% o+ he%e o%eo%c$ereid%
co#ai# a broD# %ub%a#ceR $aera$$; e$o#,aed -a%cu$ar i%%ue% "re%e# i# he $oDer
re,io# o+ hi% zo#e. 9he ce$$% i##er o -a%cu$ar e$eme#% ,radua$$; com"aced a#d
rou#ded oDard% he i##er mar,i#R co;$edo#% %hoD a# ouer %i#,$e $a;er o+ e"idermi%
made o+ %ma$$P i%odiameric ce$$%P a#d i##er "are#ch;maou% ,rou#d i%%ue ce$$% rich i#
+ixed oi$P a#d ha-i#, em"; ca-iie% u#i+orm$; di%ribued i# hem.
!oDder H Co$our $i,h ;e$$oD hrou,h mu%ard o broD#P coar%e a#d +reeH+$oDi#,R bier
i# a%e a#d "o%%e%%i#, amari#d H$i3e odour. !ar% o+ -e%%e$% %hoDi#, %ca$ari+orm
hic3e#i#,% a#d ,rou"% o+ #arroDP "a$i%ade ce$$% Dih $i,h $i#e are "re%e#R ,rou"% o+
ce$$% o+ hei,h +rom 1/6 o 2/6 ? he %ubHe"iderma$ $a;er% o+ %eed coa ha-i#, 16 o 12
?P %Guari%h bearer ce$$% a#d u"o 1/6 ? $o#, o%eo%c$ereid%R co;$edo# ce$$% (u"o '/ ?)
%hoDi#, +ixed oi$ Dhe# mou#ed i# Suda# III.

.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 0.6 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

9.&.C.
u%i#, o$ue#eQ eh;$aceae Q aceic acid (/Q0./Q6./)P %hoD% u#der >.2. ('77 #m) %"o% a
R+. 6.1' (&i,h 8$ue)P 6.24 (Dar3 8$ue)P 6.7' (!i#3)P 6.B2 (!i#3)R o# %"ra;i#, Dih
a#i%a$deh;deH %u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 116
o
C
%"o% a""ear a R+ 6.'6(8roD#)P 6.70 (8$ui%h !ur"$e)P 6.=2 (!ur"$e)P 6.46 (!ur"$e)P 6.4B
(1re;).
9.&.C. o+ he hexa#e exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae 6.2 mm hic3 u%i#,
ch$oro+ormQ eh;$aceae (B4Q2)P o# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH %u$"huric acid rea,e#
a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 116
o
C %"o% a""ear a R+ 6.6' (Ee$$oD)P 6.11
(1ree#i%h 8$ue)P 6.21 (1ree#i%h Ee$$oD)P 6.'' (1ree#i%h 8$ue)P 6.0' (!a$e ;e$$oD)P 6.//
(1ree#i%h 8$ue).
C*NS9I9>CN9S H Seed% co#ai# bier %ub%a#ce "h;o%ere#i#P bo#duci#P %a"o#i#P
"h;o%ero$P +ixed oi$P %arch a#d %ucro%e. Seed% a$%o co#ai# AP CP G< B a#d H cae%a$"i#%.

''0
Ra%a Q 9i3aP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP ra-a<a#a#aP )a"haharaP !iaharaP 2OaharaP
2eda#O%hO"a3aP 2raWaro"aWa

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H ra,-adhOdi )-Oha CZrWaP )uberO3Vdi 2aTS

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP JohaP ArYaP J-O%aP ChardiP ma-OaP 1u$maP )O%aP )uVThaP
MehaP Sa#dhi-OaP 9-a3ro,aP 2Oa-i3OraP 2iVama<-araP 2raWaP S
Zi3O<-araP >dara%Z$aP Ra3Oi%OraP A,#imO#d;aP !ra-Ohi3aP Ea3
U"$ShOro,aP )Umi.
D*SC H 1H' ,.

'')
0/. &a-a$i"ha$a(Fr)
&A2A&:!HA&A (Frui)
&a-a$S"ha$a co#%i%% o+ dried +rui o+ !h;$$a#hu% acidu% (&i##.) S3ee$% %;#. Cicca
acida &i##. Merri$$ (Fam. Cu"horbiaceae)P a %ma$$ or medium %ized ree cu$i-aed i#
,arde#%P a#d a$%o ,roD# a% a road%ide ree.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Su,a#dhamZ$OP &a-a$SP !O#XuhP )oma$a 2a$3a$O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q No;aa$P Har"ha$
C#,$i%h Q Sar ,oo%eberr;P Cou#r; ,oo%eberr;
1u<rai Q )haai AaDa$aP Raa; aama$i
Hi#di Q Har+aare-adiP &a-a$i
)a##ada Q )ari#e$$i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q Raa;aHaaDa$
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Ari#e$$i
9e$u,u Q Raacha;u%ari3e
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8roD#i%h ,ree#P ,$obo%eP 1./ o 1.4 cm dia ob%cure$; 7 o 4 ,roo-edP de"re%%ed a
boh e#d%R "iece% %hoD a hi,h$; %hri-e$$ed a#d Dri#3$ed exer#a$ %ur+aceP exure rou,hR
odour characeri%icR a%eP acidicP +o$$oDed b; a de$icae$; %Dee a%eR %eed ,$obo%eP 6.4
o 1.2 cm dia.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ maure +rui %hoD% he e"icar" Dih a %i#,$e $a;er o+ abu$ar e"idermi%P
co-ered b; a hi# cuic$eR #umerou% %u#3e# %omaa %caered o# he e"idermi%R
e"iderma$ ce$$% i# %ur+ace -ieD "o$;,o#a$ i# %ha"e Dih cor#er hic3e#i#,%R me%ocar"
co#%i%% o+ 4 o 16 $a;er% o+ "o$;,o#a$ ce$$% a#d 7 o 4 $a;er% o+ radia$$; e$o#,aed $ar,eP
raher hic3 Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%P mo% o+ Dhich co#ai# ;e$$oD "i,me#% (me%ocar"
o+ Cmb$ica o++ici#a$i% co#%i%% o+ mo%$; $ar,e "o$;,o#a$ ce$$% Dih cor#er hic3e#i#,%
a#d ha-e a -er; +eD "i,me# ce$$%)R "ri%m% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$ a#d %arch ,rai#%
"re%e# i# a +eD e"iderma$ ce$$% a#d a$%o i# a +eD "are#ch;ma ce$$%R ma#; o+ he ce$$%
''7
co#ai# ;e$$oD "i,me#%R rami+ied -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% %caered hrou,hou he me%ocar"
co#%i% o+ x;$em a#d "h$oemP x;$em com"o%ed o+ racheid% a#d +ibre%R e%a ha-e
"a$i%ade $i3e e"idermi% com"o%ed o+ i,h$; "ac3ed %c$ereid% Dih "i%.
!oDder H ShoD% "iece% o+ i%odiamericH"are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih ;e$$oD or broD#
co$our "i,me#R "ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR +ibre%R %c$ereid% Dih "i%R %arch
,rai#% are +air$; abu#da#P %ma$$ a#d %im"$e.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] (C. Merc3 ,rade) "$ae
u%i#, Ch$oro+orm Q Meha#o$ Q Formic acid (B/ Q 6./ Q 6.1) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m)
hree +$uore%ce# zo#e% a R+. 6.10 (,ree#)P 6.24 (,ree#) a#d 6.4' (,ree#). *# %"ra;i#,
Dih A#i%a$deh;deHSu$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or +i-e mi#ue% a
16/
o
C %ix %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.10 (ora#,e)P 6.1= (-io$e)P 6./1 (ora#,e)P 6.77 ("ur"$e)P
6.=7 (-io$e) a#d 6.B1 ("ur"$e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9rier"e#oid% (CH am;ri#P !h;$$a#ho$) a#d 1a$$ic acid.

Ra%a Q MadhuraP Am$aP )aVO;a
1u#a Q 1uruP Ru3VaP 2aYada
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q 1rOhSP HUd;aP )a"haharaP !iaharaP 2Oa3araP Ra3a Sambha#aP
Ruci3ara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H DrO3VO%a-a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP ArYaP Aruci
D*SC H 16H26 ,.

'',
07. Madhu$i3a (R)
MADH&I) (Roo)
9he dru, co#%i%% o+ dried roo o+ C$eu%i#e coroca#a (&.) 1aer#. (Fam. !oaceae)P
a# erecP %ouP a##ua$ ,ra%%P cu$i-aed hrou,hou I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q RO,SP MadhZ$iP Mar3aTaha%aUWa
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Marua
C#,$i%h Q Fi#,er Mi$$eP Ra,i
1u<rai Q Naa,a$iH8aa-ao
Hi#di Q Ma#duaaP Ma3araaP Raa,i
)a##ada Q Raa,i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q MuariP Raa,i
Marahi Q Naach#ee
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q )odraP MaduaP )oda
9ami$ Q Raa,iP )e<ha-ara,u(%iddha)
9e$u,u Q Raa,u$uP 9a,ide$u
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo +ibrou%P De$$ bra#chedP u"o 2/ cm $o#,P './ mm i# hic3#e%%P ,radua$$;
a"eri#,P cream; DhieP rou,h a#d dir;R roo hair% "re%e#P +racureP bri$eP +ibrou%P
ce#re ho$$oDR a%eP earhe#R #o odour.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% e"ib$ema co#%i%i#, o+ Do $a;er%P he ce$$% o+ he ouer $a;er ,i-i#,
ri%e o roo hair%R he i##er $a;er ca$$ed rhizodermi% ha% %$i,h$; hic3er Da$$ed hexa,o#a$
ce$$%P +o$$oDed b; a corex ra-er%ed b; rabecu$aeP ,i-i#, ri%e o $ar,e air %"ace%R
e#dodermi% characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+ ca%"aria# %ri"% o# he radia$ Da$$%P
+o$$oDed b; a %i#,$e $a;ered "eric;c$e o+ +ibre a#d %o#e ce$$%R %o#e ce$$% circu$arP Dih
radia$ ca#a$%P a#d a #arroD or Dide $ume#R "h$oem a#d x;$em "ache% "re%e# be$oD hi%
$a;er arra#,ed radia$$;R "ih ce$$% %omeDha circu$ar a#d "are#ch;maou%.
!oDder H ShoD% u#der he micro%co"eP racheid% mea%uri#, beDee# 11/ a#d 24/ ? i#
$e#,h a#d beDee# 1' a#d 06 ? i# breadhP circu$ar "i% "re%e# o# he %ur+aceR -e%%e$%
''8
e$o#,aedP cro%% Da$$ "er+oraio# "$ae% %im"$eR e$o#,aed "i% "re%e# o# he Da$$% o+
-e%%e$R hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% a#d circu$ar %o#e ce$$% "re%e#.

Forei,# maer No more ha# 2./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.2.
9oa$ A%h No more ha# /./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# 1.' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ meha#o$ic exrac o+ he dru, o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ 1 "$aeP u%i#,
meha#o$ H ch$oro+orm (' Q =) a#d o# %"ra;i#, Dih 16[ %u$"huric acid i# eh;$ a$coho$
+o$$oDed b; heai#, he "$ae +or +i-e mi#ue a 116
o
CP hree %"o% a""eared a R+. 6.42
(!i#3 co$our) com"arab$e o he %"o o+ %io%ero$ ,$uco%ideP 6.2' (8$ac3i%h ,re;)P 6.1/
(8$ac3i%h ,re;).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H F$a-o#oid%P orie#i#P i%oorie#i#P -iexi#P i%o-iexi#P -io$a#hi#P
$uce#i#H1P rici#P 3eo acid%R "o$;%accharide

a#d he +ree %u,ar%P
CH%io%ero$ ,$uco%ide.
1u#a Q &a,hu
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q !iaharaP 2UV;aP 9ridoVaYOma3aP Ra3adoVaharaP Ra%O;a#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Am$a"iO#a3a Moda3aP AmUa 1u,,u$uP
AY-a,a#dhOdi &ehaP )uVThOdi )-OhaP
)aTuumb;Odi 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H J-O%aP )O%aP 9UVWOP )ara"Oda DOhaP 2U33OYmarSP ?-aro"dra-a
D*SC H /H16 ,.

''-
0=. Mahameda (Rz d R.)
MAHMCD (Rhizome a#d Roo)
MahOmedO co#%i%% o+ dried rhizome a#d roo o+ !o$;,o#aum cirrhi+o$ium Ro;$e
(Fam. &i$iaceae)P a herb +ou#d i# he em"erae Hima$a;a%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q MahOmedaP 2a%ucchidrOP 9rida#iP De-amaWS
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q Mahameda
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q MahamedaP De-ari,aa$a
)a##ada Q Mahamedha
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Mahameda
Marahi Q HH
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Mahameda
9e$u,u Q Mahameda
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Rhizome dir; broD# i# co$ourP 2 o 4 cm $o#, a#d abou 2./ o ' cm broadP
ha-i#, $o#,iudi#a$ mar3i#,% o# he %ur+ace a#d rou,h Dih irre,u$ar Dri#3$e%R +racureP
%hor a#d %moohR odourP di%i#cR a%eP %Dee Dih a %$i,h bier a+erHa%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
Rhizome Q 9.S. %hoD% a %i#,$e $a;ered cuicu$arized e"idermi% ha-i#, aci#oc;ic
%omaa +o$$oDed b; ,rou#d "are#ch;maou% corex o+ "o$;,o#a$ o i%odiameric ce$$% i#
Dhich -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% are %caeredR i# corica$ ce$$% %arch ,rai#%P #umerou% idiob$a%%
Dih ra"hide%P a#d dru%e% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae "re%e#R #umerou% rou#d ca-iie% "re%e# i#
he corica$ re,io#R e#dodermi% beDee# corex a#d i##er core ab%e#R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%
u#e-e#$; %caeredP am"hi-a%a$R x;$em e$eme#% re"re%e#ed b; racheid% a#d x;$em
"are#ch;maR "h$oem com"o%ed o+ %ie-e ube%P com"a#io# ce$$% a#d "h$oem "are#ch;ma.
Roo Q 9.S. %hoD% a %i#,$e $a;ered e"ib$emaP ce$$% "o$;,o#a$P beari#, %im"$e u#ice$$u$ar
roo hair%R a %i#,$e $a;ered h;"odermi%P ce$$% $ar,erP hexa,o#a$P %$i,h$; hic3 Da$$edR a
''(
broad corexP ce$$% hi# Da$$ed a#d o+ -ar;i#, %ha"e% a#d %ize% Dih -er; %ma$$
i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%P a#d co#ai#i#, circu$ar %arch ,rai#% mea%uri#, beDee# 16 o 06 ?
i# diameerR idiob$a%% Dih ra"hide% "re%e#R e#dodermi% %i#,$e $a;eredP characerized
b; he "re%e#ce o+ ca%"aria# %ri"% o# heir radia$ Da$$%R "eric;c$e %i#,$e $a;eredR %e$e
exarchP "o$;archP x;$em co#%i% o+ racheid%P -e%%e$% Dih %im"$e "er+oraio# "$ae a#d
reicu$ae hic3e#i#,%P a#d x;$em "are#ch;maR "h$oem co#%i% o+ %ie-e ube%P com"a#io#
ce$$% a#d "h$oem "are#ch;maR %ma$$ "ih "re%e# i# ce#re Dih "are#ch;maou% ce$$%.
!oDder Q Dar3 broD#R u#der micro%co"e %hoD% e"iderma$ ce$$% Dih aci#oc;ic %omaa
a#d corica$ ce$$% i# %ur+ace -ieDR %arch ,rai#% o-oid Dih co#ce#ric %riaio#P eiher
%i#,$; or i# ,rou"%R ra"hide% a#d dru%e% "re%e#R racheid% e$o#,aed Dih "oi#ed e#d%P
Da$$ %$i,h$; Da-; oDard% i"%P hic3e#i#,% reicu$aeR -e%%e$% Dih %im"$eP cro%% Da$$
"er+oraio#P hic3e#i#,% reicu$ae.

Forei,# maer No more ha# ' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.2.
9oa$ A%h No more ha# './ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 0./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# =6 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ meha#o$ic exrac o+ he roo%\rhizome o# a "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ 1
"$aeP u%i#, meha#o$ Q ch$oro+orm (' Q =). *# %"ra;i#, Dih 16[ %u$"huric acid i# eh;$
a$coho$ a#d heai#, he "$ae +or abou / mi#ue a 116
o
CP Do %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.02
a#d 6.'6 %hoDi#, b$ac3i%h ,re; +$uore%ce# Dere +ou#d com"arab$e o he %"o% o+
,$uco%e a#d %ucro%e re%"eci-e$;.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 1$uco%eP Sucro%e

Ra%a Q Madhura
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q Ju3ra-ardha3aP 8UbhaWaP ?S-a#S;aP !iaharaP Sa#;a<a##aP 2OaharaP
2UV;aP )a"ha-ardha3aP Ruc;a

'.*
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H AYo3a 1hUaP Ji-O,ui3OP AmUa"rOYa 1hUaP DaYam
Z$OriVTaP DhO#-a#ara 9ai$aP 8UhamO%a 9ai$aP
MahO#OrO;a#a 9ai$aP 2O%Oca#da#Odi 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H 8O$aro,aP DOhaP ?-araP )Oma$OP )Va;aP Ra3a"iaP Ra3a-i3OraP
)Vaa 3VSWa
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'.'
04. Madhu%#uhi (9ub.R)
MADH>SN>H: (9uberou% Roo)
Madhu%#uhS co#%i%% o+ uberou% roo o+ Smi$ax chi#a &i##. (Fam. &i$iaceae)P a
deciduou% c$imber Dih %"ar%e$; "ric3$ed or u#armed %em. I i% im"ored +rom Chi#a a#d
?a"a#.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q D-S"O#ara 2acO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Cho"chee#eeP )umari3aP Shu3chi#
C#,$i%h Q Chi#a roo
1u<rai Q Cho"chee#ee
Hi#di Q Cho"chee#ee
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Chi#a !airu
Marahi Q Cho"chee#ee
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q !ara#,iche33ai
9e$u,u Q !ir#,iche33a
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9uber% abou 7 o 12 cm $o#,P 2 o 0 cm DideP rou,hP irre,u$arP c;$i#drica$P
cur-edP %$i,h$; a"eri#, Dih broD#i%h or b$ac3i%h %car%R exer#a$$; broD#i%hH;e$$oD i#
co$ourP a#d i#er#a$$; broD# i# co$ourR +racureP hardR odour #o characeri%icR a%eP
%$i,h$; bier.
b) Micro%co"ic
Corex %hoD% %e-era$ $a;er% o+ hi#HDa$$edP "o$;,o#a$P e$o#,aed muci$a,i#ou%
"are#ch;maou% ce$$%P a +eD ce$$% co#ai#i#, ra"hide% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR e#dodermi%
#o di%i#,ui%hedR ,rou#d i%%ue ha-i#, %e-era$ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% co#%i%i#, o+ u%ua$
e$eme#%R +ibre% $o#, a#d a%e"aeR #umerou% %im"$e a#d com"ou#d %arch ,rai#%P
mea%uri#, 17 o '4 ? i# dia. Dih 2 o more ha# B com"o#e#% mo%$; %"herica$ o
o-oidP ha-i#, hi$um i# ce#re.
'..
!oDder Q ShoD% $i,h broD#P +ra,me#% o+ muci$a,i#ou% "are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ corex
+ibre% a#d -e%%e$% Dih reicu$ae hic3e#i#,R a +eD %caered #eed$e% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae
+rom ra"hide%R #umerou% %im"$e a#d com"ou#d %arch ,rai#% mea%uri#, 17 o '4 ? i#
dia. Dih 2 o more ha# B com"o#e#%P mo%$; %"herica$ o o-oid ha-i#, hi$um i# ce#re.


AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# 6.667"er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.
A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 6.4 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# "recoaed Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3)
u%i#, 9o$ue#e Q Ch;$ aceae Q Meha#o$ (16 Q 16 Q 0) a% mobi$e "ha%e a#d o# %"ra;i#,
Dih A#i%a$deh;deHSu$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o
C +or e# mi#ue%
e# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.6B (dar3 ,ree#)P 6.1= (-io$e)P 6.21 (dir; ;e$$oD)P 6.27 (,re;)P
6.'2 (;e$$oD)P 6.04P 6.// a#d 6./4 (a$$ -io$e)P 6.=' (,ree#i%h b$ue) a#d 6.== (-io$e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Sa"o#i#%P %ar%a"o#i# a#d "ara$$i#P Dhich ;ie$d i%omeric
%a"o,e#i#%P %ar%a"o,e#i# a#d %mi$o,e#i#. I a$%o co#ai#%
%io%ero$ a#d %i,ma%ero$ i# he +ree +orm a#d a% ,$uco%ide%.
Ra%a Q 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q JohaharaP Ju3raYodha3aP DS"a#aP MZra$aP Ra3aYodha3aP Ra%O;a#aP
9ridoVaharaP 2UV;aP 2eda#O%hO"a#aP NadSba$;aP A#u$oma#aP
J-eda<a#a#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Madhu%#uhS Ra%O;a#aP Co"aci#;Odi CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP A"a%mOraP dhmO#aP 1aWXamO$OP )UmiP )uVThaP !
Z;amehaP Sa#dhi-OaP >#mOdaP 2iba#dhaP Ju3ra-i3OraP
2Oa-;OdiP !hira#,aP )am"a-Oa
D*SC H 'H7 , "oDder.
'.0
0B. Meda%a3a(S.83.)
MCDSA)AH (Sem 8ar3)
MedO%a3ah co#%i%% o+ %em bar3 o+ &i%ea chi#e#%i% &am. %;#. &. ,$ui#o%a
(&our.) C.8. Robi#%P &. %ebi+era !er%. (Fam. &auraceae)P a# e-er,ree# %hrub or reeP u"o
2/ m i# hei,h a#d abou 1./ m i# ,irh Dih a c$ea# bo$eP +ou#d hrou,hou I#diaP
a%ce#di#, u"o a# a$iude o+ 1'/6 m i# ouer Hima$a;a%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q MedO%a3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )u3urchie
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q Meda &a3dee
Hi#di Q Maida &a3dee
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q Meda &a3dee
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q Meda%a3a
9ami$ Q Meda$a3a-i
9e$u,u Q Meda
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
!iece% o+ bar3 1./ o1.7 cm i# $e#,hR 6.1 o 6./ cm i# DidhR exer#a$ %ur+ace
rou,hP cor3;P ,ree#i%h H ;e$$oD o ;e$$oDi%h H broD#R i#er#a$ %ur+ace %moohP $o#,iuH
di#a$$; %riaedP dar3 broD# o b$ac3R +racureP %hor a#d u#e-e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% broad zo#e o+ cor3P / o 4 $a;eredR %eco#dar; corex co#%i%i#, o+
"ache% o+ %c$ereid%P +ibre%P "are#ch;maP occa%io#a$$; co#ai#i#, rhomboida$ cr;%a$% o+
ca$cium oxa$aeP abu#da# %arch ,rai#%P ce$$% co#ai#i#, a##i#% a#d muci$a,eR %arch
,rai#% %"herica$ o o-a$P %i#,$e or i# ,rou"%P %im"$e or com"ou#dP mea%uri#, +rom 1./ o
4 ?R +ibre% $o#,P $i,#i+ied Dih a"eri#, e#d%P mea%uri#, +rom '=6 o 7'6 ? i# $e#,h a#d
2' o '/ ? i# Didh.
!oDder H &i,h broD# i# co$ourP odour %ro#,P bier a#d muci$a,i#ou% %hoDi#, cor3
i%%ueP %arch ,rai#%P %c$ereid%P +ibre%P ce$$% co#ai#i#, a##i#% a#d muci$a,eR %c$ereid%
'.)
rou#d o ob$o#,P $aera$$; com"re%%edP Dih #arroD $ume#P a#d %hoDi#, radiai#, "i
ca#a$%.


9.&.C.
ch$oro+ormQ meha#o$Q aceic acid (46Q26Q2) %hoD% >#der >2 (2/0 #m) hree %"o% a
R+. 6.6= (broD#)P 6.1/ a#d 6.2' (boh -io$e). >#der >2 ('77 #m) Do +$uore%ce# %"o%
a""ear a R+. 6.74 ("i#3) a#d 6.4B (b$ue). *# ex"o%ure o iodi#e -a"our +i-e %"o% a""ear
a R+. 6.1/P 6.26P 6.2'P 6.'6 a#d 6.42 (a$$ ;e$$oDi%h broD#). *# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ +erric
ch$oride %o$uio# +our %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.6= (-io$e)P 6.1/ (b$ue)P 6.2' a#d 6.'6 (boh
+ai# ,ree#).
C*NS9I9>CN9S H A$3a$oid% (&auroea$i#eP aci#oda"hi#eP bo$di#eP #orbo$di#eP
%ebi+eri#e a#d $i%e+eri#e).
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP )a"haharaP Sambha#aP 2OaharaP 8ha,#a"ra%Odha3a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H A%hi%a#dhO#a3a &e"a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP A,#imO#d;aP JohaP Ai%OraP 2Oa-i3OraP Ra3a%rO-aP
A%hibha#,a
D*SC H /H16 , "oDder.

'.7
/6. Meda%a3a(.d)
MCDSA)AH (.ood)
MedO%a3ah co#%i%% o+ Dood o+ &i%ea chi#e#%i% &am. %;#. &. ,$ui#o%a (&our.)
C.8. Robi#%P &. %ebi+era !er%. (Fam. &auraceae)P a# e-er,ree# %hrub or reeP u"o 2/ m i#
hei,h a#d abou 1./ m i# ,irh Dih a c$ea# bo$eP +ou#d hrou,hou I#diaP a%ce#di#, u"o
a# a$iude o+ 1'/6 m i# ouer Hima$a;a%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q MedO%a3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )u3urchie
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q Meda &a3adee
Hi#di Q Meda &a3adee
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q Meda &a3adeeP HH
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q Meda$a3a-i
9ami$ Q Meda
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
.ood H 9hic3 a#d hi# "iece% o+ DoodP 10 o 21 cm i# $e#,h a#d 6./ o 2 cm i# DidhR
;e$$oDi%hHDhieR %ur+ace rou,h Dih -er; +i#e $o#,iudi#a$ %riaio#%R +racureP hardP
+ibrou%.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% -e%%e$%P eiher %i#,$e or i# ,rou"% o+ 2 or 'R x;$em +ibre% arra#,ed i#
radia$ roD% Dih hic3 Da$$%R medu$$ar; ra;% "romi#e#P u#i o era%eriaeP radia$$;
e$o#,aedP u"o '6 ce$$% i# hei,h a% %ee# i# a#,e#ia$ %ecio# a#d co#ai#i#, abu#da#
%"herica$ o o-a$ %arch ,rai#%P %i#,$e or i# ,rou"%P %im"$e or com"ou#dP mea%uri#, +rom
' o B ?R +ibre% $o#,P $i#earP $i,#i+ied Dih b$u# e#d%P mea%uri#, i# $e#,h +rom /'6 o
1676 ? a#d +rom 1' o 20 ? i# Didh.
'.,
!oDder H !a$e ;e$$oDi%hHbroD#P ha-i#, characeri%ic odourP %$i,h$; bier i# a%eR
%hoD% +ra,me#% o+ $i,#i+ied +ibre%P %arch ,rai#%P bordered "ied -e%%e$% a#d %ome
-e%%e$% %hoDi#, %ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#,% o# heir %eco#dar; Da$$.


9.&.C.
ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$ (46Q26) %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0 #m) hree %"o% a R+. 6.16 (-io$e)P
6.2B (+ai# broD#) a#d 6./2 (;e$$oDi%h ,ree#). >#der >2 ('77 #m) hree +$uore%ce#
%"o% a""ear a R+. 6.2B (broD#)P 6./2 (;e$$oD) a#d 6.74 (b$ue). *# ex"o%ure o iodi#e
-a"our ei,h %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.16 (broD#)P 6.1'P 6.17P 6.20P 6.2BP 6./2P 6.74 a#d 6.=0
(a$$ ;e$$oDi%h broD#). *# %"ra;i#, Dih 16[ meha#o$icH%u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he
"$ae a 116
o
C +or e# mi#ue% e# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.16P 6.17 (boh broD#)P 6.27
(,re;)P 6.'1 (broD#)P 6.06 ("ur"$e)P 6.00P 6./2P 6./= (a$$ broD#)P 6.74 ("ur"$e) a#d 6.==
(broD#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H A$3a$oid% (&auroea#i#eP aci#oda"hi#eP bo$di#eP #orbo$di#e).

2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP )a"haharaP 2OaharaP Sambha#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Ai$e;a3a 9Oi$a (Cira3Odi 9ai$a)P 2Oa,h#a &e"a
(Ci#OmaWi Ra%a)

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP A,#imO#d;aP JohaP Ai%OraP Ra3a%rO-aP 2Oa-i3Ora
D*SC H 1 o ' , "oDder.

'.8
/1. Me%ha%hri#,i (&+)
MCLAJKN1: (&ea+)
MeVaYU#,S co#%i%% o+ dried $ea+ o+ 1;m#ema %;$-e%re R.8r. (Fam.
A%c$e"iadaceae)P a $ar,e Dood;P much bra#chedP c$imberP Dih "ube%ce# ;ou#, "ar%P
+ou#d hrou,hou I#dia i# dr; +ore%% u"o 766 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Madhu#OYi#SP A<OYU#,S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Medha%i#,i
C#,$i%h Q !eri"$oca o+ he Dood
1u<rai Q )aa-a$eeP Medha%i#,e
Hi#di Q 1udmaarP Medhaa Si#,ee
)a##ada Q )adha%i,e
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Ca33ara33o$$iP Madhu#aa%hi#i
Marahi Q )aa-a$eeP Medhaa%hi#,i
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Shiru3urum )aa;P Sha33arai33o$$i
9e$u,u Q !oda"aro
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
&ea+ %im"$eP o""o%ieP e$$i"ica$ or o-aeP "eio$aeP "eio$e 7 o 12 mm $o#, a#d
"ube%ce#R $ami#a ' o 7 cm $o#, a#d 1 o ' cm broadR acue or %hor$; acumi#aeR more
or $e%% "ube%ce# o# boh %ide%P ba%e rou#ded or cordaeP -e#aio# reicu$aeR odourP
u#"$ea%a#R a%eP bier a#d acrid.
b) Micro%co"ic
&ea+ H

!eio$e H Near$; %emi circu$ar i# ou$i#e ha-i#, a dee" +urroDP %hoD% a %i#,$e $a;ered
e"idermi% co-ered Dih hic3 cuic$eR mu$ice$$u$ar u#i%eriae richome% "re%e#R corex
com"o%ed o+ ' or 0 $a;er% o+ co$$e#ch;ma a#d ' or 0 $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$ed
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e bico$$aera$P co#<oi# a#d
' i# #umberP o#e ce#ra$ $ar,er a#d cre%ce# %ha"ed a#d 2 $aera$ a#d %ma$$er i# %izeR a
+eD ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae "re%e# i# corica$ re,io#.
'.-
Midrib H C"idermi% a#d richome a% i# "eio$eR e"idermi% +o$$oDed b; 2 or ' $a;er% o+
co$$e#ch;ma ad<ace# o he $oDer %ur+aceR -a%cu$ar bu#d$e cre%ce# %ha"edP bico$$aera$P
co#<oi# a#d %iuaed i# ce#reR re% o+ he i%%ue beDee# co$$e#ch;ma a#d -a%cu$ar
bu#d$e% co#%i%i#, o+ "o$;,o#a$ hi#HDa$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih i#erce$$u$ar
%"ace%P a +eD ha-i#, ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae.
&ami#a H ShoD% dor%i-e#ra$ %rucureR e"idermi% a#d richome a% i# "eio$e a#d midribR
richome c;$i#drica$P co#%i%% o+ ' o 7 ce$$% #ear$; %imi$ar i# Didh a#d -ariab$e i#
$e#,hP ermi#a$ ce$$% b$u#P mo% o+ hem cur-ed i#Dard% +rom he $ea+ %ur+aceR "a$i%ade
1 or 2 $a;er%R %"o#,; "are#ch;ma irre,u$arP arra#,ed Dih di%i#c i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%P
ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae "re%e# i# hi% re,io#R %omaa "arac;icP "re%e# o#$;
o# $oDer %ur+aceR "a$i%ade raio = or 4R %omaa$ i#dex 26 o 2/P -ei# i%$e #umber = o 16
"er %G. mm.
!oDder H &i,h ,ree#R u#der micro%co"e %hoD% e"iderma$ ce$$% ha-i#, #ear$; %rai,h
Da$$P a#d "arac;ic %omaa i# %ur+ace -ieDR ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR bro3e#
"iece% o+ richome% a#d %"ira$ -e%%e$%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica 1e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, #HHexa#e Q 9o$ue#e Q
Ch;$aceae (/Q16Q2) a% mobi$e "ha%e %hoD% +our +$uore%ce# zo#e% u#der >.2. ('77 #m)
a R+. 6.20P 6.'= (boh Red)P 6./6 (b$ue) a#d 6.76 (Red). *# %"ra;i#, Dih A#i%a$deh;deH
Su$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
+or e# mi#ue% %e-e# %"o% a""ear a
R+. 6.2B (,ree#)P 6.'=P 6.0= (boh -io$e)P 6.// ("i#3)P 6.76 (,ree#)P 6.77 (-io$e) a#d 6.B'
("i#3).
C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9rier"e#oid %a"o#i#% o+ ,;m#emic acid AP 8P C a#d D Dih %u,arH
re%idue% %uch a% ,$ucuro#ic acidP ,a$acuro#ic acidP +eru$ic a#d a#,e$ic acid% aached a%
carbox;$ic acid%. Se-era$ i%o"ro";$e#e deri-ai-e% o+ ,;m#ema,e#i#P a hexah;H
droer"e#eP ,;m#ema,e#i#P ,;m#emic acid. 9he $ea-e% a$%o co#ai# beai#eP cho$i#eP
,;m#ami#e a$3a$oid%P i#o%io$P dHGuercio$. H;drocarbo#% %uch a% #o#aco%a#eP
he#riaco#a#eP ririaco#a#eP "e#ariaco#a#eP "h;i#P re%i#P araric acidP +ormic acidP
bu;ric acidP ami#o acid% %uch a% $euci#eP i%o$euci#eP -a$i#eP a$a#i#eP GHbu;ric acid.
'.(
Ra%a Q 9i3aP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q Ca3VuV;aP DS"a#aP )a"haharaP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP Sraba%O#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MahO-iVa,arbha 9ai$aP A;a%3rSP N;a,rodhOdi CZrWaP
MUa%a#<i 2a#S SurO

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP Jo"haP ArYaP J-O%aP HUdro,aP )O%aP )UmiP )uVThaP
Neraro,aP !ramehaP 2ra#aP Da#a3Umi
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'0*
/2. Me%ha%hri#,i (&R)
MCLAJKN1: (Roo)
MeVaYU#,S co#%i%% o+ roo o+ 1;m#ema %;$-e%re R. 8r. (Fam. A%c$e"iadaceae)P a
$ar,e Dood;P c$imberP much bra#chedP Dih "ube%ce# ;ou#, "ar%P +ou#d hrou,hou I#dia
i# dr; +ore%% u"o 766 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Madhu#OYi#SP A<aYU#,S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Medha%i#,i
C#,$i%h Q !eri"$oca o+ he Dood%
1u<rai Q )aa-a$eeP Medha%i#,e
Hi#di Q 1udmaarP Medhaa%i#,ee
)a##ada Q )adha%i,e
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Ca33ara33o$$iP Madhu#aa%hi#i
Marahi Q )aa-a$eeP Medhaa%hi#,i
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Sha33arai33o$$iP Shiru3urum3aa;
9e$u,u Q !oda"aro
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9a" roo bra#chedP rou,hP $o#,iudi#a$$; +i%%uredP cor3;P %o+ a#d #odu$o%e
"iece%P 2 o = cm $o#, a#d 6.2 o 1.6 cm i# hic3#e%%R exer#a$ %ur+ace dar3 broD# a#d
cu %ur+ace %hoDi#, a core cream i# co$ourR +racureP %"$i#er;R odourP u#"$ea%a#R a%eP
bier a#d acrid.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo H ShoD% / o 26 roD% o+ a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed a#d radia$$; arra#,ed cor3 ce$$%R
%eco#dar; corex a Dide zo#e co#%i%i#, o+ o-a$ o "o$;,o#a$ ce$$% %omeDha irre,u$ar i#
%ha"e a#d moderae$; hic3 Da$$edP +i$$ed Dih ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a#d a
+eD %im"$e or com"ou#d %arch ,rai#%R %eco#dar; "h$oem com"o%ed o+ %ie-e ube%P
com"a#io# ce$$% a#d "h$oem "are#ch;maP Dih mo%$; $ar,e a#d a +eD %ma$$ ro%ee
cr;%a$% a#d %arch ,rai#%R medu$$ar; ra;% "romi#e#P u#i or mu$i %eriaeP ,e#era$$; era
%eriaeP exe#di#, +rom "rimar; x;$em o %eco#dar; "h$oemR ,rou"% o+ o-a$ o e$o#,aedP
hic3 Da$$edP $i,#i+ied %c$ereid% Dih c$ear %riaio#% a#d #arroD $ume# "re%e# i# corex
'0'
a#d "h$oem re,io#R %eco#dar; x;$em co#%i%% o+ u%ua$ $i,#i+ied e$eme#%R -e%%e$% %im"$e
"iedP %i#,$e or 2 o = i# radia$ ,rou"% a#d di%"er%ed hrou,hou he x;$em re,io#R +ibre%
$o#, Dih a"eri#, e#d% a#d Dide $ume#R "rimar; x;$em "re%e# diarch.
!oDder H &i,h ;e$$oDR %hoD% hic3 Da$$ed cor3 ce$$%R "o$;,o#a$P hi# Da$$ed
"are#ch;maou% ce$$%P %im"$e "ied +ibre% a#d -e%%e$%R ,rou"% o+ %c$ereid%P $ar,e a#d a
+eD %ma$$ ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP %im"$e a#d com"ou#d %arch ,rai#%P
mea%uri#, / o 11 ? i# dia.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica 1e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, 9o$ue#e Q Ch;$aceae
Q Meha#o$ (16Q16Q0) a% mobi$e "ha%e %hoD% o# %"ra;i#, Dih A#i%a$deh;deHSu$"huric
acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
C +or e# mi#ue% ei,h %"o% a R+. 6.1=
(broD#)P 6.2/ (-io$e)P 6.04 (,re;)P 6./= ("i#3)P 6.74P 6.46P 6.4= (-io$e) a#d 6.B/ ("i#3).

Ra%a Q 9i3aP )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP )a"haharaP MZra$aP 2OaharaP Jiro-ireca3aP SrabYa#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H N;a,rodhOdi CZrWaP MahO 2iVa,arbha 9ai$aP MUa%a#<
S-a#S%urO

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H J-O%aP DOhaP HUdro,aP )O%aP )Umiro,aP )uVThaP MZra3UcchraP
!ramehaP Ra3a-i3OraP 2raWaP 2iVa-i3OraP A3ViYZ$aP 2idrdhiP
2Oahara.
D*SC H /6 H 166 m$ decocio#.
1 H 2 , "oDder.

'0.
/'. Na#di (R)
NAND: (Roo)
Na#dS co#%i%% o+ dried roo o+ Ficu% ar#oia#a MiG. (Fam. Moraceae)P a ,$abrou%
ree or %hrub Dihou aeria$ roo%P +ou#d hrou,hou I#dia i# roc3; hi$$% u" o 1'/6 m
a$iude.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q !OrY-a"i""a$aP !rarohSP 1ardhabhOWXaP 1a<a"Oda"aP ShO$SdrumaP
Na#dS-U3Va
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )amru
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q Naa#dru3hee-ad
Hi#di Q 8e$i;a !ee"a$
)a##ada Q )adara%uP )a$$ara%e
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )a$$ara;a$
Marahi Q Na#dee -ru3%hP Naa#dru3
*ri;a Q !$o3h;o
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )a,o$iP )odiara%uP )a$$ara%u
9e$u,u Q )a$$ara-iP )o#dara-i
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Dru, a-ai$ab$e i# cu "iece% Dih or Dihou bar3 o+ -ar;i#, %izeP 6./ o 2.6 cm i#
hic3#e%%R exer#a$ %ur+ace broD#i%h i# co$our a#d %$i,h$; rou,h due o ex+o$iaio# o+
cor3P cu %ur+aceP ;e$$oDi%hHbroD# i# co$ourR +racureP +ibrou%R odour a#d a%e #o
characeri%ic.
b) Micro%co"ic
9ra#%-er%e %ecio# o+ roo %hoD% hic3 cuic$eP %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi%P ce$$%
reca#,u$ar +o$$oDed b; ' or 0 $a;er% o+ cor3 ce$$%R cor3 cambium 2 o 0 $a;eredR
%eco#dar; corex Dide co#%i%i#, o+ reca#,u$ar o "o$;,o#a$ hi# Da$$ed "ied ce$$%P
%ome +i$$ed Dih reddi%hHbroD# %ub%a#ceR circu$ar o e$o#,aedP $i,#i+iedP e$$i"ica$
%o#e ce$$%P a +eD %hoDi#, co#ce#ric %riaio#% "re%e# i# hi% re,io#R a +eD "ri%maic
cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a#d abu#da# rou#d o o-a$ %arch ,rai#% u"o abou 12 ? i#
dia. "re%e# i# corica$ ce$$%R e#dodermi% a#d "eric;c$e #o di%i#cR %eco#dar; "h$oem
%hoD% a Dide zo#e co#%i%i#, o+ %ie-e ube%P com"a#io# ce$$%P +ibre% a#d ra; ce$$%R
'00
"h$oem "are#ch;ma co#ai#% "ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a#d rou#d o o-a$
%arch ,rai#%P $aici+erou% ce$$% a$%o "re%e# i# hi% re,io#R +ibre% #o#H$i,#i+iedP hic3
Da$$ed Dih #arroD $ume#R %eco#dar; x;$em e$eme#% hic3 Da$$ed a#d $i,#i+iedR -e%%e$%
a#d racheid% %hoD bordered "i%R medu$$ar; ra;% u#i o mu$i%eriaeP Dide oDard%
"eri"hera$ re,io#.
!oDder Q &i,h broD#R u#der micro%co"e %hoD% ,rou"% o+ "are#ch;maR %im"$eP rou#d o
o-a$ %arch ,rai#%P mea%uri#, u"o 12 ? i# dia. a#d cr;%a$%P +ra,me#% o+ +ibre%P circu$ar
o e$o#,aedP e$$i"ica$ %o#e ce$$%P a +eD $aici+erou% ce$$% a#d border "ied -e%%e$% a#d
racheid%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o+ he dru, o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, 9o$ue#e Q
Ch$oro+orm (4Q12 -\-) a% mobi$e "ha%e %hoD% o# ex"o%ure o Iodi#e -a"our +our %"o% a
R+. 6.2/P 6.'=P 6.=/ a#d 6.4B (a$$ ;e$$oD). *# %"ra;i#, Dih A#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid
o
C. 9he %ame +our %"o% a""ear
-io$e a R+. 6.2/P 6.'=P 6.=/ a#d 6.4B.

1u#a Q &a,hu
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 1rOhSP )a"haharaP MedoharaP !iaharaP 8ha,#a%a#dhO#a


9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H 8ha,#aP DOhaP )a"ha-i3OraP Ra3a"iaP Ra3a-i3OraP 2iVa-i3OraP
2raWaP Eo#idoVa
D*SC H 16 H 26 , "oDder.
'6 H /6 , decocio#.

'0)
/0. Ni$a<hi#i (R)
N:&A?HIN5: (Roo)
NS$a<hi#TS co#%i%% o+ roo o+ 8ar$eria %ri,o%a .i$$d. (Fam. Aca#haceae)P a a$$
herb Dhich i% di%ribued hrou,hou he u""er ,a#,e#ic "$ai# a#d %ouher# "ar% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q DO%SP 8OWaP )UVWaP Saire;a3ahP NS$a%aire;a3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q ?haaiP )aaraa<aai
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q )aaa%eri;o
Hi#di Q Ni$iP )a%arai;a
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Ni$a3ur##i
Marahi Q )oraa#iP .ahii
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Shemmu$i
9e$u,u Q Mu$$u,ora#P Ni$ambaramu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8ra#ched a" rooP 2 o 16 mm i# hic3#e%%R 3#o; a#d hic3er a he ra#%iio#
zo#e Dih %emR dar3 broD#R cu "iece% o+ abou 26 cm i# $e#,hR cu or bro3e# %ur+ace
%raD co$oured a#d %"$iR %ur+ace o+ +racured "ar %moohR bar3 %$ou,hi#, o++ +rom
bro3e# area%R u#"$ea%a# odourR a%e$e%%P exure rou,h.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ roo re-ea$% a circu$ar ou$i#eR ouer $a;er% ,e#era$$; %$ou,hed o++R bu
%ri"% o+ cor3P cor3 cambium a#d corex Dih occa%io#a$ %o#e ce$$% ma; be "re%e#R
"h$oem com"o%ed mo%$; o+ "are#ch;ma a#d +ibre% a#d %e"araed +rom x;$em b; a
+$ae#ed $a;er o+ cambiumR x;$em com"o%ed o+ hic3 Da$$ed ce$$% a#d -e%%e$ e$eme#%
a#d i#erru"ed b; 1 o ' %eriae ra;% made o+ %Guari%h or reca#,u$ar ce$$% radiai#, +rom
4 o 12 "oi#% o+ "rimar; x;$em e$eme#% "re%e# a he "eri"her; o+ he "ihR 1 or 2
,roDh ri#,% -i%ib$e i# he Dood re,io#R "ih made o+ $ar,eP a#,u$arP com"ac$;
arra#,edP hi# Da$$ed ce$$%. I# dried mar3e %am"$e% he "ih re,io# u%ua$$; %hoD% radia$
+racure%R %ome ce$$% o+ he "ih %hoD dar3 co#e#%.
'07
!oDder H !oDder %hoD% -a%cu$ar e$eme#% Dih %im"$e "ied hic3e#i#,%P a#d racheida$
ce$$% ha-i#, "oi#ed e#d Da$$%. So#e ce$$%P 76 o 126 ? "re%e#.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# %$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
eh;$aceae Q meha#o$ Q Daer (BQ6./Q6./) a% he mobi$e "ha%e %hoD% u#der >.2.
('77#m) %"o% a R+ 6.1' (8$ue)R 6.26 (8$ui%h ,ree#)R 6.'/ (F$uore%ce# b$ue)R 6.00
(8$ue)R 6.72 (!ur"$i%h b$ue)R 6.42 (8$ue)R 6.B1 (*ra#,e).

1u#a Q S#i,dha
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )eY;aP MZra$aP 2Oa3a"haharaP 2iVa,h#aP )eYarac<a#aP 1arbha-
Uddhi )ara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MOWi3;a Ra%a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JohaP )O%aP )aWXuP )uVThaP MZ%i3O-iVaP MZra3UcchraP
Ra3a-i3OraP 2Oara3aP 2Oa<a#;a3Va;aP JirO,ra#hSP
Da#aro,a
D*SC H 16 H 26 m$ %Dara%a.
/6 H 166 m$ 3-Oha.

'0,
//. Nimba (R.83)
NIM8A (Roo 8ar3)
Nimba co#%i%% o+ dried roo bar3 o+ Azadiracha i#dica A. ?u%%. %;#. Me$ia
azadiracha &i##. (Fam. Me$iaceae)P a medium o $ar,e e-er,ree# ree aai#i#, a hei,h o+
1/ o 26 m or more u#der +a-ourab$e co#diio#% a#d +ou#d hrou,hou he "$ai#% o+ I#dia
u"o a# a$iude o+ B66 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q !icumaradahP AriVTahP !icuma#dahP !rabhadrah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q NimP Nim,aachh
C#,$i%h Q Mar,o%a 9reeP Neem 9reeP I#dia# &i$ac
1u<rai Q &eemado
Hi#di Q Neem
)a##ada Q 9ura3be-uP Huchchabe-uP Chi33abe-u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q 2e""uP Ar;a-e""uP Aaru-e""u
Marahi Q )adu#imbaP Nimb
*ri;a Q NeemoP Nimba
!u#<abi Q NimbP Nim
9ami$ Q 2em"uP 2e""u
9e$u,u Q 2emuP 2e"a
>rdu Q Neem
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo bar3 a-ai$ab$e i# Gui$$ed or cur-ed "iece% o+ -ar;i#, %ize% Dih a hic3#e%%
o+ 6.2/ o 6./6 cmR ouer %ur+ace irre,u$arP rou,hP %ca$;P +i%%uredP reddi%hHbroD# or
,re;i%hH broD#R i##er %ur+aceP ;e$$oDi%hHbroD# Dih "ara$$e$ %riaio#%R +racureP
%"$i#er; a#d +ibrou%R odour $i3e ha o+ %aD du%R a%eP bier.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo bar3 %hoD% cor3P corex a#d "h$oemR cor3 ,e#era$$; 7 or = $a;er% o+
"o$;,o#a$ a#d hi# Da$$ed ce$$% Dih reddi%hHbroD# co#e#%R ouer corex o+ a#,e#ia$$;
e$o#,aed $ar,e reca#,u$ar ce$$% Dih a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed %c$ereid%P %i#,$; or i#
,rou"% i# i%o$aed "ache%R %c$ereid% -ar; i# %ize a#d Da$$ hic3#e%%P di%i#c$; %riaedP
"ied a#d o+e# a%%ociaed Dih ce$$% co#ai#i#, cr;%a$R i##er corex o+ "o$;,o#a$
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih bu#d$e% o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% +ibre%P hic3 Da$$ed Dih
irre,u$ar $ume#R %eco#dar; "h$oem com"o%ed o+ a$er#ai#, a#,e#ia$ ba#d% o+ ba%
'08
+ibre% a#d "are#ch;maou% i%%ue% i#erce"ed b; u#i o bi%eriae "h$oem ra;%R abu#da#
%arch ,rai#% "re%e# i# "are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ corex a#d "h$oemR %arch ,rai#% %im"$eP
or more u%ua$$;P com"ou#d Dih 2 or ' com"o#e#%P hi$um c$e+ or radiaeP i#di-idua$
,rai# / o 26 ?R abu#da# "ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae i# corexP o+ 16 o 1/ ?P
a$%o a%%ociaed Dih "h$oem +ibre%R idiob$a%% Dih reddi%hHbroD# co#e#% %ee# i#
corexR ce$$% Dih +a dro"$e% %ee# i# i##er corex a#d "h$oem.
!oDder H Reddi%hHbroD#R %hoD% cor3 ce$$%R #umerou% "ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae boh i%o$aedP a#d i# a%%ociaio# Dih "h$oem +ibre%R i#di-idua$ +ibre% Dih
#arroD $ume# a#d e$o#,aed a"eri#, e#d%R "ied macro%c$ereid% Dih Dide $ume# a#d
di%i#c %riaio#%R %im"$eP a#d com"ou#d %arch ,rai#% Dih 2 or ' com"o#e#%P o+ / o
26 ? i# %izeR "are#ch;maou% ce$$% $ar,e a#d occa%io#a$$; +i$$ed Dih broD# co#e#%.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# 1/ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.

9.&.C.
u%i#, hexa#e Q eh;$ aceae (1Q1) %hoD% %"o% a R+ 6.64P 6.12P 6.1B (a$$ -io$e)P 6.2/
(mu%ard ;e$$oD)P 6.''P 6.'BP 6.07 (a$$ $i,h -io$e) a#d 6.42 ("ur"$e) o# %"ra;i#, Dih
1[ 2a#i$$i#HSu$"huric acid rea,e# +o$$oDed b; heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o
C +or abou e#
mi#ue%.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9era#orrier"e#oid%P mar,oci#P #imbidio$P #imbo$ici#P azadiri#i#.

Ra%a Q 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,hu
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )aWXZ,h#aP JSa,rOhSP AhUd;aP )a"haharaP !iaharaP Ruc;a DS"a#aP
2iVa,h#aP 2raWYodha#a

'0-
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H AmUaVTa3aP AVTO#,ada%O#,a &a#ha

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JohaP AruciP J-O%aP ChardiP DOhaP DuVTa 2raWaP 1rahaWSP ?-araP
)O%aP )Umiro,aP )a"ha-i3OraP )uVThaP !ramehaP Ra3a"iaP 9
UVOP HU$$O%aP Ea3U-i3OraP HrXa;a-idOhaP 2Oma#a
D*SC H ' H 7 ,.

'0(
/7. Nimba (F$)
NIM8A (F$oDer)
Nimba co#%i%% o+ dried +$oDer a#d +$oDer bud o+ Azadiracha i#dica A. ?u%%. %;#.
Me$ia azadiracha &i##. (Fam. Me$iaceae)P a medium o $ar,e %ize e-er,ree# ree aai#i#,
a hei,h o+ 1/ o 26 m or more u#der +a-ourab$e co#diio#% a#d +ou#d hrou,hHhou he
"$ai#% o+ I#dia u"o a# a$iude o+ B66 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q AriVTahP !icuma#dahP !icumaradahP !rabhadrah
A%%ame%e Q HH
C#,$i%h Q I#dia# &i$acP Mar,o%a 9reeP Neem ree
1u<rai Q &eemado
Hi#di Q Neem
)a##ada Q Chi33abe-uP Huchchabe-uP 9ura3be-u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Aaru-e""uP Ar;a-e""uP 2e""u
Marahi Q NimbP )adu#imb
*ri;a Q NeemoP Nimba
!u#<abi Q NimP Nimba
9ami$ Q 2em"uP 2e""u
9e$u,u Q 2emuP 2e"a
>rdu Q Neem
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Dried +$oDer% are broD# o dee" broD#R i#di-idua$ +$oDer / o 7 mm $o#, a#d 7
o 11 mm DideP "e#amerou%P bi%exua$P re,u$ar a#d h;"o,;#ou%R ca$;x /P %horP u#ied a
ba%eR coro$$a /P +reeP %"ahu$aeP %"readi#,P 0./ o /./ mm $o#, 2 mm DideR %ame#% 16P
mo#oade$"hou%P %ami#a$ ube i#%ered a ba%e o+ coro$$aR ,;#oecium ricar"e$$ar;P
%;#car"ou%P %u"eriorP ri$ocu$arP Do o-u$e% i# each $ocu$eP %;$e 1P %i,ma 'H$obedR a%eP
mi$d$; bierQ odourP i#di%i#c.
b) Micro%co"ic
Ca$;x H Se"a$ %hoD% hi# Da$$ed "o$;,o#a$ "a"i$$o%e e"idermi%R e$o#,aed hi#
Da$$ed u#ice$$u$ar co#ica$ richome% o+ -ar;i#, $e#,h%R ro%ee cr;%a$% i# ce$$% o+
e"idermi%.
')*
!ea$% H !ea$ %hoD% e"idermi% o+ reca#,u$ar ce$$% "a"i$$o%e a mar,i#%P #o#H,$a#du$ar
u#ice$$u$ar richome%P o-er 1/6 ? $o#,P ubu$ar a#d h;a$i#eR ,$a#du$ar richome% o+ abou
26 ?P #umerou% ro%ee cr;%a$% i# e"iderma$ ce$$%.
A#droecium H C"idermi% o+ %ami#a$ ube com"o%ed o+ hic3 Da$$ed reca#,u$ar
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% a#d he e#dohecium o+ he a#her Da$$%.
1;#oecium H Si,ma %ic3;P "are#ch;maou% e"iderma$ ce$$%P e$o#,aed i#o exe#%i-e
"a"i$$aeP %;$e hi# Da$$edP reca#,u$arP o-ar; %u"eriorP ri$ocu$ar.
!o$$e# 1rai# H !orou%P 0Hco$"oraeP %"herica$ 16/ o171? i# dia.P Dih a %mooh exi#e.
!oDder H Ee$$oDi%hHbroD#P +ra,me#% o+ "are#ch;maou% "a"i$$o%e e"iderma$ ce$$%P
richome%P #umerou% -e%%e$%P ro%ee ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%P a#d ;e$$oDi%hHbroD#
"o$$e# ,rai#%.

9.&.C.
u%i#, ch$oro+orm Q aceo#e (26Q1) %hoD% %"o% a R+ 6.12 (-io$e)P 6.1= ($i,h "i#3)P 6.''
(-io$e)P 6./1 ("ur"$e)P 6.70 (dar3 "ur"$e)P 6.46 ($i,h "ur"$e)P 6.4/ ($i,h "ur"$e)P 6.B2
("ur"$e) o# %"ra;i#, Dih 1[ 2a#i$$i#HSu$"huric acid rea,e# +o$$oDed b; heai#, he
"$ae a 16/
o
C*NS9I9>CN9S H 1/HAceox;H=Hdeaceox;dih;droazadiro#e (#ee+$o#e)P#o#aco%a#e
(%auraed h;drocarbo#)
Ra%a Q 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,hu
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q Ca3VuV;aP )Umi,h#aP )a"haharaP !iaharaP 2Oa3araP 2iVa,h#aP
)uVTha,h#aP 1rOhS.
')'

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H )uVTha3O$Om$a Ra%aP )uVTha Jai$e#dra Ra%aP )Um
S-i#OYa#a Ra%a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JohaP AruciP ChardiP DOhaP HU$$O%aP ?-araP )O%aP )UmiP )aWXuP
)uVThaP Neraro,aP !hira#,aP !ramehaP Ra3a-i3OraP 9UVWOP
2iVama<-araP 2raWaP )a"ha"ia<a 2i3OraP JramaP HUda;a-idOha
D*SC H 2 H 0 , "uY"a cZrWa.
16 H 26 m$ "uY"a %-ara%a.

').
/=. Nimba (Fr)
NIM8A (Frui)
Nimba co#%i%% o+ Dho$e dried +rui i#c$udi#, %eed% o+ Azadiracha i#dica A. ?u%%.
%;#. Me$ia azadiracha &i##. (Fam. Me$iaceae)P a medium o $ar,e %ize e-er,ree# ree
aai#i#, a hei,h o+ 1/ o 26 m or more u#der +a-ourab$e co#diio#% a#d +ou#d hrou,hH
hou he "$ai#% o+ I#dia u"o a# a$iude o+ B66 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q AriVTahP !icuma#dahP !icumaradahP !rabhadrah
A%%ame%e Q HH
C#,$i%h Q I#dia# &i$acP Neem reeP Mar,o%a ree
1u<rai Q &eemado
Hi#di Q Neem
)a##ada Q Chi33abe-uP Huchchabe-uP 9ura3be-u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Aaru-e""uP Ar;a-e""uP 2e""u
Marahi Q )adu#imbP Nimb
*ri;a Q Neemo
!u#<abi Q NimP Nimb
9ami$ Q 2em"uP 2embu
9e$u,u Q 2emuP 2e"a
>rdu Q Neem
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Frui H 1$abrou%P dar3 reddi%hHbroD#P o-oid o e$$i"%oid dru"e%. 6./ o 2 cm $o#,P o-er
o#e cm DideR i#dehi%ce#P dee"$; Dri#3$edP e#c$o%i#, a %i#,$e %eed i# a broD#i%h
$eaher; "u$"R odour %ro#,R a%eP bier.
SeedH 8roD#i%hP dor%a$$; co#-exR u"o 1./ cm $o#, a#d 6.7 cm DideR %eed coa hi#P
broD#i%hP %he$$H$i3eP crac3% o ouchP i#%ide o+ crac3ed "iece% ,o$de# ;e$$oDR %eed
3er#e$P $i,h broD#P oi$;R odourP %ro#,R a%eP bier.
b) Micro%co"ic
Frui H !ericar" De$$ di++ere#iaed i#o e"icar"P me%ocar" a#d e#docar"R
e"idermi% more ha# o#e $a;eredR %Guari%h o reca#,u$ar ce$$% co#ai#i#, ;e$$oDi%hH
broD# co#e#% a#d oi$ dro"$e%R me%ocar"P ma#; $a;ered o+ $oo%e$; "ac3ed ce$$% Dih
')0
$ar,e e$o#,aed %c$ereid% %caered i# ouer $a;er%R e#docar" o+ Do di%i#c $a;er%P ouer
o+ c$o%e$; "ac3ed $i,#i+ied %o#e ce$$%P i##er +ibrou%P $oo%e$; "ac3edP $i,#i+ied.
Seed H Seed 3er#e$ %hoD% a hi# broD# e%aP o+ i%odiameric %o#e ce$$% o-er$;i#,
i#e,ume# o+ $oo%e$; "ac3ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R co;$edo# co#%i%i#, o+ "are#ch;H
maou% ce$$% co#ai#i#, abu#da# oi$ dro"$e%.
!oDder H Dar3 broD#R %hoD% abu#da# brach;%c$ereid%P co$um#ar %c$ereid% a#d "ied
%o#e ce$$% Dih Dide $ume# a#d di%i#c Da$$ %riaio#%R ,rou"% o+ $i,#i+ied +ibre%P hi#H
Da$$edP arra#,ed i# #eDor3 o+ $oo%e %ra#d%R "are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ co;$edo#
co#ai#i#, a$euro#e ,rai#% a#d oi$ ,$obu$e%R +ra,me#% o+ e%a %hoDi#, di%i#c$;
%riaed i%odiameric %o#e ce$$%R a +eD %caered ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae.

.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 1B "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

9.&.C.
u%i#, ch$oro+orm Q aceo#e (14./Q1./) %hoD% %"o% a R+ 6.11 (,re;i%h -io$e)P 6.17
(;e$$oD)P 6.1B (,ree#)P 6.20 (-io$e)P 6.2B (,re;)P 6.'' (mu%ard ;e$$oD)P 6.02 ("i#3)P
6.0B (,re;i%h b$ac3)P 6./= (-io$e) a#d 6.=7 ($i,h "ur"$e) o# %"ra;i#, Dih 1[ 2a#i$$i#H
Su$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Fixed oi$ co#ai#i#, dier"e#oid% a#d rier"e#oid%
($imo#oid%)R#imbi#P ,edu#i#P azadirachi#P #imbidi#i#P
%a$a#i#.

Ra%a Q 9i3a
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP Ra%O;a#aP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP 8heda#S;aP H
Uda;adOhaharaP !Oca#a

'))
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H ArYo,h#i-aTS(Seed)P !a$OYabS<Odi CZrWa (Seed)

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H Jiroro,aP JohaP ArYaP AruciP ChardiP DOhaP 1u$maP HU$$O%aP
?-araP )UmiP )uVThaP !ramehaP Ra3a"iaP 2iVa-i3OraP
2iba#dhaP 2raWaP !O$i;aP Neraru<OP )Vaa )Va;aP )hO$i;aP
1aWdamO$a
D*SC H 1 H 2 , cZrWa.
/ H 16 dro"% o+ oi$.

')7
/4. !a$a%ha (Sd)
!A&JAH (Seed)
!a$OYah co#%i%% o+ %eed o+ 8uea mo#o%"erma (&am.) )u#zeP %;#. 8. +ro#do%a
Roxb. (Fam. Fabaceae)P a moderae %ized deciduou% reeP commo#$; ca$$ed ]]F$ame o+ he
Fore%]]P +ou#d hrou,hou I#dia u"o a hei,h o+ 12/6 mP exce" i# he arid zo#e%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q !a$OYahP )ibYu3ahP Ra3a"uV"a3ahP 2Oa"oha
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q !a$aa%h
C#,$i%h Q 8uea %eedP F$ame o+ he Fore%P 8a%ard ea3
1u<rai Q )ha3haro
Hi#di Q Dha3P !a$a%hP 9e%oo
)a##ada Q Mua,amaraP Muu,
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q !$a%hu
Marahi Q !a$a%P !a$a%h "aa"ada
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q !ura%u
9e$u,u Q Modu,a
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Seed% reddi%hHbroD#P hi#P +$aP re#i+ormP $o#,er axi% +rom ' o 0 cm a#d %horer
+rom 2 o 2./ cmP ra"he eGua$ o a#ira"heP micro";$e i#co#%"icuou%R %eed coa reddi%h
broD#P Dax;R +ai# odourR a%eP %$i,h$; acrid bierR Dei,h o+ 166 %eed% 46 o11/ ,.
b) Micro%co"ic
Si#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% o+ e%a i#erru"ed b; ba$$oo# %ha"ed ce$$%R
ma$"hi,hia# ce$$% "a$i%ade $i3eP hic3HDa$$edP redP u#$i,#i+iedP $ume# $ar,e bu #o
u#i+ormR di%co#i#uou% ra#%"are# &i#ea $ucida i# u""er ha$+ o+ Ma$"hi,hia# $a;erR
o%eo%c$ereid% irre,u$arP #o#$i,#i+iedP hi,h$; hic3 Da$$edP co$um#arP com"re%%ed a#d
%u"er"o%edR me%o"h;$$ occu"ie% ma<or "orio# o+ e%aP u""er a#d $oDer me%o"h;$$ ce$$%
%ma$$P i%odiameric o e$$i"icP midd$e $a;er% $ar,eP a#,u$arP co#de#%ed Dih %ma$$
i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R i##er e"idermi% reddi%h broD#P di%i#c Dih %ma$$ hic3 Da$$ed
e$o#,aed ce$$% exer#a$$; co-ered b; hi# cu$ic$e.
'),
9he ra#%ecio# o+ co;$edo# %hoD% %i#,$e $a;eredP hic3HDa$$ed e"idermi% ha-i#,
a#,u$ar ce$$%P +o$$oDed b; beaded "are#ch;maou% ce$$% co#ai#i#, %arch a#d "roei# i#
+orm o+ %"ira$P a% re-ea$ed b; +re%h$; "re"ared Mi$$o#% Rea,e#R %arch ,rai#%P rod
%ha"ed or o-oidP %im"$eP 26 o 06 ?mP hi$um i#di%i#cP $ame$$ae di%i#c. Cmbr;o i%
%rai,h ha-i#, a radic$e Dih De$$Hmar3ed h;"oco;$P e"ico;$ Dih a "$umu$e a#d a "air
o+ hic3 co;$edo#%.
!oDder H !oDder ;e$$oDi%hHbroD#R acrid a#d bier Dih oi$; +$a-our a#d "$ea%a# %me$$R
%ma$$ +ra,me#% o+ e%aP bro3e# a#d i#ac ma$"hi,hia# ce$$%P o%eo%c$ereid%P me%o"h;$$
ce$$% i%o$aed or i# ,rou"%P co;$edo#ar; "are#ch;ma co#ai#i#, a +eD %arch ,rai#%P
abu#da# %"ira$ "roei# bodie%P muci$a,e a#d oi$ ,$obu$e%R Dhe# reaed Dih /6[
H
2
S*
0
P emi% ;e$$oD +$uore%ce#ce u#der >2H2/0 #m.

!roei# No $e%% ha# 14 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.1=
Fa; oi$ No $e%% ha# 7 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.1/

9.&.C.
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$aceae Q meha#o$ (4/ Q 1/ Q 6./) a% %o$-e# %;%em %hoD% a+er
%"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a
126
o
CP a R+. 6.27 (ma,e#a)P 6.'4 (,re;i#, ,ree#) a#d 6./7 (,re;i%h ,ree#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Fa; oi$R ami#o acid%.

1u#a Q &a,huP SaraP S#i,dha
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP Ra%O;a#aP 9ridoVaharaP 2UV;aP 8heda#aP
8ha,#a%a#dhO#a3araP 1arbha#irodha3a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H A;a%3UiP )Umimud,ara Ra%a

')8
9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP JZ$aP ArYaP Ai%OraP DOhaP DadruP 1u$maP )O%aP )UmiP
)aWXuP )uVThaP MZra3UcchraP Medoro,aP !OmOP !ramehaP
Ra3a-i3OraP 9-a3ro,aP >dararo,aP 2Oara3aP 2raWaP Eo#idoVaP
1uda<aro,aP Su3radoVaP !$Sharo,aP NeraYu3raP !aWXuP 2
UVci3a-iVa
D*SC H 6./ o 1 ,.

')-
/B. !a$a%ha (F$)
!A&JAH (Dried F$oDer)
!a$OYah co#%i%% o+ dried +$oDer o+ 8uea mo#o%"erma (&am.) )u#ze %;#. 8.
+ro#do%a Roxb. (Fam. Fabaceae)P a moderae %ized deciduou% reeP commo#$; ca$$ed F$ame
o+ he Fore%]]P +$oDeri#, i# March H Ma; +ou#d hrou,hou I#dia u"o a hei,h o+ 12/6 mP
exce" i# he arid zo#e%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )ibYu3aP Ra3a"uV"a3aP )VOrYreVTha
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q !a$a%h
C#,$i%h Q 8a%ard ea3P F$ame o+ he Fore%P 8uea Seed
1u<rai Q )haa3haro
Hi#di Q Dhaa3P 9e%uP !a$aa%h
)a##ada Q Muu,P Muu$u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q !$a%hu
Marahi Q !a$a%P !a$a%h "aa"da
*ri;a Q !ora%uP )i<u3o
!u#<abi Q 9e%h
9ami$ Q !ura%u
9e$u,u Q Modu,a
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
I#+$ore%ce#ce racemeR +$oDer% $ar,eP 0 o 7 cm $o#,P a$er#aeP Dih "ube%ce#
$o#,P -e$-e;P o$i-e ,ree# "edu#c$eR bri,h ;e$$oDi%hHred o ora#,e red "edice$%P 1./ cm
$o#,P Di%edP braceaeP brac% a#d braceo$e% %ma$$P $i#earP -e$-e;P ora#,e ,ree#P
deciduou%R ca$;x cam"a#u$aeP /H"arieP ob$iGueP abou 1 cm $o#,P dar3 o$i-e ,ree#P
de#%e$; -e$-e; ou%ideP c$ohed Dih %i$3; hair% Dihi#P Do u""er eeh co##aeP $ar,eP
hree $oDer o#e% u#eGua$P he $oDe% bei#, much %horer ha# he $aera$ o#e%R coro$$a 0
o 7 cm. $o#,P ora#,e redP co-ered ou%ide Dih %i$3; Dhie hair%P "a"i$io#aceou%R %ame#
diade$"hou%R a#her% $i#earP ;e$$oDR o-ar; %i"iaeP %i$3;P "ube%ce#P %;$e i#cur-edP
$o#,er ha# he %ame#%.

')(
b) Micro%co"ic
!edice$Q 9.S. o+ "edice$ circu$ar i# ou$i#eP beari#, #umerou% 2 o 0 ce$$ed u#i%eriae
hair%R corex co$$e#ch;maou%P di++ere#iaed i# Do zo#e%H ouer +ormed o+ %ma$$er ce$$%
Dih %ome co#e#% a#d i##er zo#e o+ $ar,er ce$$%R corex a#d %e$e %e"araed b;
e#dodermi% o+ barre$ %ha"ed ce$$% co#ai#i#, %arch ,rai#%R "h$oem "are#ch;ma
co#ai#i#, a##i#R "ih "are#ch;maou%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% %e"araed b; broad medu$$ar;
ra;% a#d arra#,ed i# a ri#,R rhomboida$ cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae "re%e# i# corex.
Se"a$%Q Se"a$% o# u""er %ur+ace ha-e o#e ;"e o+ richome ' o / ce$$edP Dih "romi#e#
ba%a$ ce$$R o# $oDer %ur+ace Do ;"e% o+ richome%P (i) mu$ice$$u$arP u#i%eriaeP $o#,P
hic3 Da$$ed Dih circu$ar ba%a$ ce$$R (ii) a +eD mu$ice$$u$arP c$ubH%ha"edP richome%
,$a#du$ar i# #aureR %omaa a#omoc;ic ;"e.
!ea$%Q >""er %ur+ace o+ Di#, "ea$ Dih "ro+u%e 2 o 7 ce$$ed hair% o# i% ba%a$ "ar a#d
mu$ice$$u$ar richome% a he i"R $oDer %ur+ace o+ Di#, "ea$ co-ered Dih mu$ice$$u$ar
u#i%eriae richome%R "a"i$$ae e"iderma$ ce$$% i# he midd$e re,io# o+ Di#, "ea$P i#
%ur+ace -ieD %hoD% %riaio#% radiai#, +rom he ba%e o+ "a"i$$aR ce$$% i# a"ica$ re,io# o+
Di#, "ea$ Dihou "a"i$$aeP bu #arroD Dih ra#dom %riaio#R u""er %ur+ace o+ %a#dard
"ea$ ,$abrou% bu mar,i#% hair;R mu$ice$$u$arP c$ub %ha"ed a""e#da,e% a#d u#i%eriae 2
o / ce$$ed richome% "re%e# a he a"ex. I# he midd$e "orio# ce$$% $o#,er ha# broadP
draD# ou i#o "a"i$$ae Dih %riaio#% radiai#, ou +rom hi%R u""er %ur+ace o+ 3ee$ "ea$
ce$$% "o$;,o#a$P Dih irre,u$ar %riaio#%P richome% "ro+u%e exce" a a"ica$ re,io#.
Same#% diade$"hou%R "o$$e# ,rai# ' "oredP ob$aeP %"heroida$R abou 24 ? $o#, a#d '6 ?
m broadP "ore circu$ar o e$o#,aeP 4 o 12./ ? mP exi#e Da$$ %ur+ace +o-eo$ae.
*-ar; Dih Do ;"e% o+ richome%P (i) hi# Da$$ed ha-i#, de#%e co#e#% (ii) 2 o '
ce$$ed richomeP "$ace#aio# mar,i#a$R e"iderma$ ce$$% o+ %;$e $o#,P #arroD i# %ur+ace
-ieDP richome% u#i%eriae mu$ice$$u$ar a#d hic3 Da$$ed i# %;$ar re,io#.
!oDder H 8roD#i%hH;e$$oDP %$i,h$; bier i# a%eP #o characeri%ic odourR %hoD% "iece%
o+ -ariou% ;"e% o+ richome%P -a%cu$ar i%%ueP e"iderma$ ce$$% Dih characeri%ic
"a"i$$aeP "o$;,o#a$ ce$$% Dih $i#ear %riaio#%P "o$$e# ,rai#%P a#d %;$oid cr;%a$% o+
ca$cium oxa$aeR "oDder reaed Dih 1N HC$ +o$$oDed b; o#e dro" o+ #iroce$$u$o%e i#
am;$aceae become% ora#,e ;e$$oD u#der >2 '7/ #m a#d Dih 1N Na*H i# meha#o$
become%P ;e$$oDi%hHb$ac3 u#der >2 2/0 #m.
'7*
9.&.C.
u%i#, eh;$ aceae Q meha#o$ Q Daer (166 Q 1/ Q /) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m)
+$uore%ce# zo#e% a R+. 6.1= (;e$$oD)P 6.27 (;e$$oD)P 6./' ($i,h broD#)P 6./4 (,ree#i%h
;e$$oD) a#d 6.7' (,ree#i%h ;e$$oD). *# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ )*H rea,e# %"o% a R+. 6.1=
(;e$$oD)P 6.27 (;e$$oD)P 6./4 (,ree#) a#d 6.7' (,ree#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Coumari#% a#d ,$;co%ide%P cumara#o#e ,$;co%ide%P buri#P
i%oburi#P mo#o%"ermo%ideP i%omo#o%"ermo%ideP
carbomehox;H'P 7HdioxoH/Hh;droH1P 2P 0Hriazi#eP coreo"%i#P
i%ocoreo"%i#.

1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3VaP Sara
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q DS"a#aP )a"haharaP )uVTha,h#aP MZra$aP !iaharaP Ra3a
Sambha#aP Sa#dhO#S;aP 9r%#OYOma3aP DOha"raYama#aP 1rOhS

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H )u#3umOdi 9ai$aP 2aaa 8ha%ma (?OraWa (b))

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H ArYaP DOhaP 1rahaWSP 1u$maP )aWXuP )uVThaP MZra3rcchraP
NeraYu3raP !$ShOro,aP Ra3a"iaP Ra3a-i3OraP 2Oara3aP
9rVWOP )rmiP !iObhiV;a#da
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'7'
76. !ara%i3a ;a-a#i (Sd)
!RAS:)AEA2N: (Seed)
!Ora%S3a;a-O#S co#%i%% o+ he %eed o+ H;o%c;amu% #i,er &i##. (Fam.
So$a#aceae)P a# a##ua$ or bie##ia$ herbP #ai-e o he Medierra#ea# re,io# a#d em"erae
A%iaP occurri#, i# .e%er# Hima$a;a% +rom )a%hmir o )umao# a a# a$iude o+ 1766 o
0666 mP im"ored i#o I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )hurO%O#S Ea-O#SP Ea-a#SP 9uruVa3OP Mada3OriWS
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )hora%a#i a<Da#
C#,$i%h Q He#ba#e
1u<rai Q )hura%a#ee a<maP )hura%a#ee a<mo
Hi#di Q )hura%a#ee a<-a;a#P
)a##ada Q )hura%a#eeP A<aDaa#a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )hura%aa#eeP !aara%i3aP Ea-aa#i
Marahi Q )hura%a#ee o-a
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q )hura%a#ee a<-ai#P 8a#,ideDa#a
9ami$ Q )uraa%a#ee Eomam
9e$u,u Q )ura%a#ee -amuP )hura%a#ee omam
>rdu Q A<-a;a#ee )hur%a#ee
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Seed% irre,u$ar$; re#i+orm or %ubHGuadraeP %$i,h$; o-er a mm i# %izeP dar3 ,re;P
%ur+ace co#ca-eP odour "$ea%a#$; aromaicP a%e bierP muci$a,i#ou% a#d "u#,e#P
aromaic.
b) Micro%co"ic
9ra#%-er%e %ecio# o+ %eed %hoD% he "re%e#ce o+ hic3 cuic$eP e%a Dih Do
$a;er%P ouer o#e Dih a roD o+ o%eo%c$ereid% %ize ra#,i#, +rom /6 o 46 ?P i##er o#e
Dih cru%hed "are#ch;maP e#do%"erm ce$$% hi# Da$$edP co#ai#i#, oi$ ,$obu$e%P embr;o
coi$edR %arch ab%e#.
!oDder H Dar3 broD# aromaic %me$$P bier muci$a,e#ou% a%e a#d a# oi$; exureR a
#umber o+ +$a%3H%ha"ed or dumbHbe$$ %ha"ed o%eo%c$ereid% %ee#R +ra,me#% o+ e%a i#
%ur+ace -ieDP %hoDi#, ce$$% Dih %i#uou% Da$$%R "oDder Dhe# reaed Dih Suda# I2 a#d
'7.
mou#ed i# ,$;ceri#e %hoD% he "re%e#ce o+ oi$ ,$obu$e% Dhich ur# ora#,e redR "oDder
c$eared Dih di$ue #iric acid %hoD% %ur+ace -ieD o+ %cu$"uri#, o# e%a.


9.&.C.
o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae Q dieh;$ ami#e (=6Q26Q16) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) o#e
+$uore%ce# %"o a R+. 6.0B (b$ue). A+er %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric acid
rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o
C +or e# mi#ue% %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.6B (8roD#)P
6.0B (broD#)P 6.7B (,ree#i%h broD#). A+er %"ra;i#, Dih modi+ied Dra,e#dor++]% rea,e#
%"o% a""ear a R+. 6.B6P 6.==P 6.71P 6.2' a#d 6.16.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9ro"a#e a$3a$oid% h;o%c;ami#eP (i% racemic mixure a#d aro"i#e)
a#d h;o%ci#e.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q 1uruP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q !ia3araP DS"a#aP 1rOhSP )a"haharaP 2OaharaP 2eda#O%hO"a#aP
MOda3aP !Oca3aP NidrO3ara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Sar"a,a#dhO,h#a 2aTS

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H #OhaP AYmarSP JZ$aP J-O%aP 1u$maP )O%aP )UmiP >#mOdaP
Ra<ah3UcchraP JS,hra"Oa#aP S-"a#adoVaP >daraYZ$aP A#idrOP
Sa#dhiYZ$a
D*SC H 12/ H /66 m,.

'70
71. !aura(.h.!$)
!A55RA (.ho$e !$a#)
!aTTZra co#%i%% o+ Dho$e "$a# o+ Aer-a $a#aa (&i##.) ?u%%. (Fam.
Amara#haceae)P a# erec or "ro%rae bra#ched herbP '6 o 76 cm i# hei,hP +ou#d
hrou,hou I#dia i# Da%e $a#d%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 1ora3Va,ac<aP 8hadrO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Cha;a
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q 1ora3h,a#<o
Hi#di Q 1ora3ha,a#<a
)a##ada Q 8i$ihi#di%o""u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Cheru$a
Marahi Q )a"ur"hueeP )umra"i#dee
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q 8hui3a$$a#
9ami$ Q Cheru"oo$ai
9e$u,u Q !i#dicheuP )a#da "i#di
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo H 9a"HrooP $aera$$; bra#chedP c;$i#drica$P u" o 6.4 cm i# hic3#e%% a#d abou 2/
cm $o#, "iece%P exer#a$$; $i,h broD# a#d rou,h bu cu %ur+ace Dhie a#d %moohR
+racureP +ibrou% a#d hard.
Sem H Near$; c;$i#drica$P bra#chi#, a$er#aeP exer#a$ %ur+ace %hoD% %$i,h rid,e% a#d
+urroD%P hair; a#d $i,h broD# i# co$ourR cu %ur+ace DhieR +racureP ,ra#u$ar.
&ea+ H Sim"$eP o""o%ieP a$er#aeP %hor$; "eio$aeP $ami#a 2.6 o 2./ cm $o#, a#d 1.6 o
1.7 cm broadP e$$i"icHorbicu$ar or o-aeP acueP reicu$ae -ei#edP mar,i# e#ireP de#%e$;
"ube%ce# o# boh %ur+ace%.
F$oDer H Mi#ue c$u%er a% axi$$ar; %"i3eR ,ree#i%hHDhieR "eria#h /P braceo$aeR
aci#omor"hicP bi%exua$R %ame# /P o""o%ie o "eria#hP a#her% 2 $obedR %i,ma bi+idP
%u"erior o-ar;P u#i$ocu$ar Dih cam";$oro"ou% o-u$e.
'7)
Frui H A ,ree#i%hP rou#di%hP com"re%%ed membra#ou%P uric$e or circum%ci%%i$e ca"%u$e
Dih a coriaceou% u""er "ar or $id a#d co#ai#, a %i#,$e %eed.
Seed H Seed mi#ueP 6./ o 6.= cm i# dia.P b$ac3P "o$i%hed a#d 3i#d#e; %ha"edR a%eP
"u#,e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo H ShoD% / o = $a;er% o+ cor3 ce$$%P u""er 2 or ' $a;er% +i$$ed Dih broD#i%h co#e#R
%eco#dar; corex a Dide zo#e co#%i%i#, o+ circu$ar o o-a$P e$o#,aedP hi# Da$$ed
"are#ch;maou% ce$$%P mo% o+ he ce$$% co#ai#i#, ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR
e#dodermi% #o di%i#cR "eric;c$e "re%e# i# he +orm o+ i#erru"ed ri#, o+ "eric;c$ic
+ibre%R a#amo$ou% %eco#dar; ,roDh "re%e#R %eco#dar; x;$em a#d "h$oem i%%ue% i#
+orm o+ ' or 0 a$er#ai#, ri#,%R medu$$ar; bu#d$e% "re%e#R "h$oem co#%i%i#, o+ %ie-e
ube%P com"a#io# ce$$% a#d "h$oem "are#ch;maR x;$em co#%i%% o+ -e%%e$%P racheid%P
+ibre% a#d x;$em "are#ch;maR -e%%e$% circu$ar o o-a$ ha-i#, %im"$e "i%R "ih ce$$%
circu$ar i# %ha"e co#ai#i#, ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae.
Sem H ShoD% %$i,h$; Da-; ou$i#eP corre%"o#di#, o rid,e% a#d +urroD%R e"idermi%
%i#,$e $a;ered co-ered Dih hic3 cuic$eR richome% mu$ice$$u$arP e#d ce$$% "oi#ed or
-e%icu$arP Dar; a#d hic3 Da$$edR corex 7 or = $a;er% Dih ' or 0 $a;er% be$oD rid,e%
bei#, co$$e#ch;maou% a#d ' or 0 $a;er% be$oD +urroD% ch$ore#ch;maou%R re% o+ he
ce$$% o-a$ o e$o#,aedP e$$i"ica$P hi# Da$$ed a#d "are#ch;maou%P Dih a +eD ce$$%
co#ai#i#, ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR e#dodermi% %i#,$e $a;eredR "eric;c$e
"re%e# i# he +orm o+ a ri#,P %i#,$e or ,rou"% o+ 2 o 0 +ibre%R a#amo$ou% %eco#dar;
,roDh "re%e#R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% arra#,ed i# 2 or ' ri#,% %hoDi#, i#c$uded "h$oem
a$er#ai#, Dih "are#ch;maou% i%%ueR "h$oem co#%i%% o+ %ie-e ube%P com"a#io# ce$$%
a#d "h$oem "are#ch;maR x;$em com"o%ed o+ -e%%e$%P racheid%P Dood +ibre% a#d x;$em
"are#ch;maR -e%%e$% rou#d o o-a$ ha-i#, %im"$e "i%R "ih Dide co#%i%i#, o+ circu$ar o
"o$;,o#a$ ha-i#, i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%P ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae "re%e# i# hi%
re,io#.

&ea+ H
!eio$e H ShoD% %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% co-ered Dih cuic$eR richome% mu$ice$$u$ar
"re%e# o# boh %ur+ace%R corex co#%i%i#, o+ 2 or ' $a;er%P u""er co$$e#ch;maou% a#d
$oDer "are#ch;maou%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e co$$aera$ a#d ' i# #umberR ro%ee cr;%a$% o+
ca$cium oxa$ae "re%e# i# corica$ ce$$%.
Midrib H C"idermi%P cuic$e a#d richome%P %imi$ar o ho%e i# "eio$eR corex / o =
$a;er%P u""er ' co$$e#ch;maou% a#d $oDer ' or 0 circu$arP hi# Da$$ed a#d
"are#ch;maou%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% ' i# #umberP 2 acce%%or; a#d o#e midd$eR x;$em
'77
oDard% he u""er a#d "h$oem oDard% $oDer e"idermi%R ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae "re%e# i# corica$ re,io#.
&ami#a H C"idermi%P cuic$e a#d richome% %imi$ar a% i# "eio$e a#d midribR "a$i%ade 1
or 2 $a;er%R %"o#,; "are#ch;ma ' o / $a;er% com"o%ed o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou%
ce$$% Dih i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%P a +eD ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae "re%e# i#
%"o#,; "are#ch;maR a#omoc;ic %omaa "re%e# o# boh %ur+ace%R "a$i%ade raio 2 or
'R %omaa$ i#dex o# u""er %ur+ace 12 o 1/ a#d o# $oDer %ur+ace 17 o 14R -ei# i%$e
#umber 0 or / "er %Guare mm.
!oDder H Ee$$oDi%hH,ree#R u#der micro%co"e %hoD% %rai,h Da$$ed e"iderma$ ce$$%P
mu$ice$$u$ar richome% a#d a#omoc;ic %omaa i# %ur+ace -ieDR %im"$e "ied -e%%e$%P
cor3 ce$$%P racheid%P +ibre% a#d ro%ee cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, 9o$ue#eQ Ch;$aceae Q
Meha#o$ (/6Q /6Q 26) a% mobi$e "ha%e %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) e# +$uore%ce# zo#e%
a R+. 6.11 (%3; b$ue)P 6.2= (red)P 6.0= (red)P 6./1 (%3; b$ue)P 6.=' (%3; b$ue)P 6.42
("i#3)P 6.4= (%3; b$ue)P 6.B1 (red)P 6.B0 (red) a#d 6.B= (dar3 red). *# %"ra;i#, Dih
A#i%a$deh;deHSu$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or abou e# mi#ue% a
16/
o
C e# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.11P 6.2'P 6.'=P 6./1P 6.71P6.='P 6.4/P 6.B2 a#d 6.B0 (a$$
-io$e) a#d 6.B= (dar3 -io$e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H AH Am;ri# a#d C H %io%ero$P C H %io%ero$ "a$miaeP com"e%ero$P
chr;%i#P +$a-o#oid ,$;co%ide% a#d a##i#%.

Ra%a Q 9i3aP )aVO;a
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )Umi,h#aP )a"haharaP 2OaharaP MZra-ireca#a

'7,
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H JaO-ar;Odi 1hUa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP MZra3Ucchra
D*SC H /6H166 m$ i# he +orm o+ decocio#.

'78
72. !i$u(Fr)
!:&H (Frui)
!S$Zh co#%i%% o+ +rui o+ Sa$-adora "er%ica &i##. -ar.Di,hia#a (!$a#ch.ex 9hD.)
2erdcP %;#. S. "er%ica &i##. (Fam. Sa$-adoraceae)P a "ere##ia$P Dood;P ,$abrou% %hrubP
di%ribued i# he arid rac% o+ !u#<ab a#d #orh De%er# "ar% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 1uXa"ha$aP SrO#%SP !i$Z
A%%ame%e Q Ara3P Ira3
8e#,a$i Q !ee$u,achhP ?ha$
C#,$i%h Q Sa$ bu%hP 9oohbru%h 9ree
1u<rai Q !ee$uP )haree<a$
Hi#di Q !i$uP ?ha3P !ee$uP )har<a$
)a##ada Q 1o#imaraP )a#3hi#aP 1e#umar
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q >3a
Marahi Q !i$uP )ha3ha#
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q !ee$u
9ami$ Q )oumaa-a$iP Chiu-aP !eru#,o$iP >dhai"uai
9e$u,u Q 1o,uP 2ara,o,uP 1u#ia
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Frui% are ' o / mm i# diameerP e$$i"%oidHo-oidP occa%io#a$$; Dih a %ma$$
"edice$ aachedR %ur+ace ,ree#i%h or ,ree#i%hHbroD# o dar3 broD# i# co$ourP Dih
irre,u$ar Dri#3$e%P %omeime% %hru#3e#R "ericar" hi#P ea%i$; %e"arab$eP exhibii#,
creami%h o du$$ broD# %eedP odour characeri%ic a#d a%e bier.
b) Micro%co"ic
9he e"idermi% i% %i#,$e $a;ered co#%i%i#, o+ hic3 Da$$edP radia$$; e$o#,aed
ce$$% co-ered exer#a$$; Dih cuic$eP he me%ocar" di++ere#iaed i#o hree zo#e%P he
ouer a#d i##er zo#e exhibii#, hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$% Dhi$e a co#i#uou% zo#e o+
%c$ere#ch;maou% i%%ue Dih -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% embedded i# i i% "re%e# i# he midd$e
re,io#R e%a %hoD% %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% o+ hi# Da$$ed ce$$% +o$$oDed b;
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ he embr;o co#ai#i#, a$euro#e ,rai#% a#d occa%io#a$ oi$
,$obu$e%.
'7-
!oDder H !oDder %hoD% +ra,me#% o+ "are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih a$euro#e ,rai#% a#d oi$
,$obu$e%R %ca$ari+ormP reicu$ae a% De$$ a% borderH"ied -a%cu$ar e$eme#%R hic3 Da$$ed
e"iderma$ ce$$% i# %ur+ace -ieD a#d %c$ereid%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# "recoaed Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (Merc3)P u%i#, #H
8ua#o$R Aceic acidR Daer (0Q1Q/)P i# -i%ib$e $i,h %hoD% hree %"o% a R+.6.2'P 6.46
(boh $i,h ,ree#) a#d 6.07 ($i,h ;e$$oD)R u#der >2 ('77 #m) Do Dhie %"o% a""ear a
R+.6.'= a#d 6.07R u#der >2 (2/0#m) hree %"o% a""ear a R+.6.'= (Dhie)P 6.07 a#d 6.46
(boh "i#3)P o# ex"o%ure o Iodi#e -a"our% +our ;e$$oD %"o% a""ear a R+.6.16P 6.'=P
6.07 a#d 6.46P o# %"ra;i#, Dih -a#i$$i# %u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
C
+or 16 mi#ue%P %ix %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.16P 6.2' (boh -io$e)P 6.'=P 6.06P 6.07 a#d 6.46
(a$$ ora#,e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H CH %io%ero$P %ero$ ,$;co%ideP be#z;$e i%ohioa,#aeP race% o+
a$3a$oidP +ixed oi$P %u,ar a#d +aP #o#H%a"o#i+iab$e "orio# o+ oi$ co#%i%% o+ dibe#z;$urea
a#d dibe#z$ehiourea.

2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q JohaharaP 8heda#aP DS"a#aP )a"haharaP Ra%O;a#aP 2OaharaP
2ireca#aP 2ed#O%hO"a#aP Jiro-ircca3aP 2idOhi

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MiYra3a%#eha

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP ArYaP #OhaP 1u$maP ?-araP MZra3UcchraP Sar"a-iVaP
>dararo,aP 2iVa-i3OraP 8a%i-i3Ora
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'7(
7'. !i$u(&+)
!:&H (&ea+)
!S$Zh co#%i%% o+ $ea+ o+ Sa$-adora "er%ica &i##. -ar. Di,hia#a (!$a#ch. ex 9hD.)
2erdcP %;#. S. "er%ica &i##. (Fam. Sa$-adoraceae)P a "ere##ia$P Dood;P ,$abrou% %hrubP
di%ribued i# he arid rac% o+ !u#<ab a#d #orh De%er# "ar% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 1uXa"ha$ahP Sra#%SP !i$u3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q !ee$u,aachP ?haa$
C#,$i%h Q Sa$ bu%hP 9ooh bru%h 9ree
1u<rai Q !ee$uP )haaree <aa$
Hi#di Q ?ha3P !ee$uP !i$uP )har<aa$
)a##ada Q 1e#umarP 1o#imaraP )a#3hi#a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q >3a
Marahi Q )ha3ha#P !i$u
*ri;a Q )ou#,oP 9oboo
!u#<abi Q !ee$u
9ami$ Q Chiu-aP )oumaa-a$iP !eru#,o$iP >hai"uai
9e$u,u Q 1o,uP 1u#iaP 2ara,o,u
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
&ea-e% are ' o 16 cm i# $e#,h a#d 1 o 0 cm i# breadhP ,ree#P %im"$eP %i"u$aeP
"eio$aeP ob$o#,P o-aeP mar,i# e#ireP broad a ba%e a#d acue a a"exR -ei#% "romi#e#
a#d rai%ed o# $oDer %ur+aceR boh %ur+ace% ,$abrou%R a%e a#d odour characeri%ic.
b) Micro%co"ic
',*
!eio$e H !eio$e %omeDha circu$ar i# ou$i#e Dih a $ar,e cre%ce#H%ha"ed
-a%cu$ar bu#d$e a#d Do %ma$$ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% +u%ed o,eher o +orm a ce#ra$ core o+
-a%cu$ar i%%ueR he "re%e#ce o+ i#erx;$ar; "h$oem i#dicae% a#oma$ou% ,roDhR
e"idermi% %i#,$e $a;eredP co-ered exer#a$$; Dih hic3 cuic$eR corex a Dide zo#e
co#%i%i#, o+ circu$ar o o-a$ "are#ch;ma ce$$%R "eric;c$e re"re%e#ed b; %ma$$ "ache%
o+ hic3 Da$$ed a#d $i,#i+ied +ibre%R "h$oem co#%i%% o+ u%ua$ e$eme#% ra-er%ed b; u#i
or bi%eriae medu$$ar; ra;%R x;$em co#%i%% o+ -e%%e$%P racheid%P +ibre% a#d "are#ch;maR
-e%%e$% %hoD %ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#, a#d border "ied Da$$%P racheid% are bordered a%
De$$ a% %im"$e "iedP "are#ch;ma ce$$% a#d +ibre% are %im"$e "iedR i#erx;$ar; "h$oem
"re%e# i# he ce#ra$ x$;em re,io#R "ih com"o%ed o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%R
ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% a#d %arch ,rai#% "re%e# i# he "are#ch;ma ce$$% o+
he corex a#d "eric;c$ic re,io#
Midrib H Midrib %hoD% %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% co-ered exer#a$$; Dih hi# cuic$e o#
boh he %ur+ace%P exce" a a +eD "$ace% Dhere a "eric$i#a$ di-i%io# i% %ee#R corex i% a
Dide zo#e o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%P he ce#re o+ midrib i% occu"ied b; a
-a%cu$ar c;$i#der co#%i%i#, o+ a $ar,e cre%ce#H%ha"ed -a%cu$ar bu#d$eP he "eric;c$e i%
re"re%e#ed b; %ma$$ "ache% o+ +ibre%P he "h$oem co#%i%% o+ u%ua$ e$eme#%P he x;$em
i% re"re%e#ed b; -e%%e$%P racheid%P "are#ch;ma a#d +ibre%R i#erx;$ar; "h$oem i%
"re%e# i# he x;$em re,io#R he x;$em i% ra-er%ed b; u#i%eriae medu$$ar; ra;% Dhich
become bi or ri %eriae i# he "h$oem re,io#R ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% a#d a
+eD %arch ,rai#% are "re%e# i# he "are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ corex a#d "eric;c$ic re,io#.
&ami#a H &ami#a %hoD% i%obi$aera$ %rucureR cuic$e "re%e#P boh e"idermi%e% are
%i#,$e $a;eredP exce" +or occa%io#a$ "eric$i#a$ di-i%io#R i# %ur+ace -ieD boh he
%ur+ace% %hoD% a#i%oc;ic a#d "arac;ic %omaaR 2 or ' $a;er% o+ "a$i%ade ce$$% are
"re%e# be$oD he u""er a#d abo-e he $oDer e"idermi%P remai#i#, area bei#, occu"ied
b; hi# Da$$ed ce$$% o+ "o#,; "are#ch;maR a #umber o+ %ma$$ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e a#d
-a%cu$ar %ra#d are di%ribued i# he me%o"h;$$ o+ he $ami#aR idiob$a%% co#ai#i#, $ar,e
ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% are "re%e# be#eah boh he e"idermi%e%R ro%ee% o+
ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% are a$%o "re%e# i# %"o#,; "are#ch;ma a#d "a$i%ade ce$$%R
%omaa$ i#dex B o 11 (u""er %ur+ace) a#d 4 o 16 ($oDer %ur+ace)R "a$i%ade raio / o 7
(u""er %ur+ace) a#d 0 o / ($oDer %ur+ace)R -ei# i%$e #umber 0 o 7 (u""er %ur+ace) a#d /
o = ($oDer %ur+ace).
!oDder H !a$e ,ree#P %hoD% "re%e#ce o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$% %e-era$ co#ai#i#,
ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% a#d a +eD %im"$e %arch ,rai#%R +ra,me#% o+
e"iderma$ ce$$% %hoDi#, a#i%oc;ic a#d "arac;ic %omaaR +ra,me# o+ %ca$ari+orm a#d
bordered "ied -e%%e$%P border a#d %im"$e "ied racheidP %im"$e "ied "are#ch;ma
ce$$% a#d hic3 Da$$ed +ibre%.

','

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (Merc3)P u%i#, 9o$ue#eR
Meha#o$ (47Q10)P %hoD% i# -i%ib$e $i,h #i#e %"o% a R+. 6.21P 6.2/P 6.24(a$$ ,ree#)P
6.0/ (bri,h ;e$$oD)P 6.76 (+ai# ,ree#)P 6.=2(dar3 ,ree#)P 6.=BP 6.4/ a#d 6.B0 (a$$ ,ree#)R
u#der >2 (2/0#m) De$-e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.10 (+ai# ora#,e)P 6.21P 6.2/P 6.24 (a$$
ora#,e)P 6.'7P 6.0/ (boh $i,h ora#,e)P 6./' (+ai# ora#,e)P 6.76P 6.=2P 6.=B (a$$ $i,h
ora#,e)P 6.4/ a#d 6.B0 (boh ora#,e)R o# ex"o%ure o Iodi#e -a"our% e# %"o% a""ear a
R+. 6.10 (;e$$oD)P 6.21P 6.2/P 6.24 (a$$ ,ree#)P 6./'P 6.76P 6.=2P 6.=B (a$$ +ai# ;e$$oD)P
6.4/P 6.B0 (boh b$ui%h ,ree#)P o# %"ra;i#, Dih %u$"huric acid a#d heai#]1] "$ae a
116IC +or '6 mi#ue%P De$-e "o% a""ear a R+. 6.10 (;e$$oD)P 6.21P 6.2/P 6.24 (a$$ dar3
,ree#)P 6.'7 (+ai# broD#)P 6.0/ (broD#)P 6./' (+ai# broD#)P 6.76 (-io$e)P 6.=2P 6.=B
(boh +ai# broD#)P 6.4/ (dar3 ,ree#) a#d 6.B0 (b$ac3i%h ,ree#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H CH%io%ero$P ,$ucoro"aeo$i#P er"e#e% a#d +$a-o#oid%.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q 5i3VWaP &a,huP SaraP S#i,dha
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q Jiro-ireca3aP JohaharaP 8heda#aP DS"a#aP )a"haharaP Ra%O;a#aP
2eda#O%hO"a#aP 2idOhSP 2ireca#aP 2Oahara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H !S$Z 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP A"acSP ArYaP 8a%i-i3OraP 8ha,a#daraP #OhaP 1u$maP
?-araP )UmiP MZra3UcchraP NOXS-raWaP >dO-araP >dararo,aP
2Oara3aP 2raWaP Jar"a-i%aP Eo#i-;O"aP DuVTa-ra#aP
2raWYohaP Mu3ha"O3aP Mad;a<a 9UVWOP !$ihOro,aP Sar-a
)uVTha
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

',.
70. !i$u (R.83)
!:&H (Roo)
!S$Zh co#%i%% o+ roo bar3 o+ Sa$-adora "er%ica &i##. -ar. Di,hia#a (!$a#ch.ex
9hD.) 2erdcP %;#. S. "er%ica &i##. (Fam.Sa$-adoraceae)P a "ere##ia$P Dood;P ,$abrou%
%hrubP di%ribued i# he arid rac% o+ !u#<ab a#d #orh De%er# "ar% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 1uXa"ha$ahP !i$u3ahP Sra#%S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q ?haa$P !ee$u,aach
C#,$i%h Q 9ooh bru%h 9reeP Sa$bu%h
1u<rai Q )haaree <aa$P !ee$u
Hi#di Q ?ha3P )har<aa$P !ee$uP !i$u
)a##ada Q 1e#umarP 1o#imaraP )a#3hi#a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q >3a
Marahi Q )ha3ha#P !i$u
*ri;a Q )ou#,oP 9oboo
!u#<abi Q !ee$u
9ami$ Q Chiu-aP )oumaa-a$iP !eru#,o$iP >hai"uai
9e$u,u Q 1o,uP 1u#iaP 2ara,o,u
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he roo bar3 i% 2 o ' mm hic3P Dood;P cha##e$edR "a$e broD# Dih $o#,iudi#a$
Dri#3$e%P exhibii#, %car% o+ roo% a#d roo$e%R i##er %ur+ace creami%h o ;e$$oDi%hH
broD#R +racureP %hor a#d %moohR odourP +oeid a#d a%e characeri%ic.
b) Micro%co"ic
9he bar3 %hoD% a Dide zo#e o+ cor3 occu";i#, ha$+ o+ he ra#%ecio#R cor3 ce$$%
di++ere#iaed i#o Do zo#e%P ouer zo#e co#%i%i#, o+ %ma$$ reca#,u$ar ce$$% Dherea%
he $oDer ce$$% are $ar,erP reca#,u$ar a#d a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aedR "he$$o,e# %i#,$e
$a;eredR he "he$$oderm co#%i% o+ 16 o 26 $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$ed a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed
"are#ch;ma ce$$% Dih %ma$$ i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R i i% +o$$oDed b; a Dide "h$oem bei#,
ra-er%ed b; 2 o / %eriae medu$$ar; ra;%R he "h$oem co#%i%% o+ u%ua$ e$eme#P a +eD
+ibre% a#d i%o$aed %o#e ce$$%R %e-era$ "are#ch;ma ce$$% are hic3 Da$$ed a#d arra#,ed
i# %omeDha radia$ roD% i# Dhich %o#e ce$$% a#d +ibre% are %caeredR "ri%maic cr;%a$%
',0
o+ ca$cium oxa$ae are "re%e# i# he "are#ch;ma ce$$% o+ ouer "h$oem a#d "he$$oderm
re,io#%.
!oDder H !oDder %hoD% +ra,me#% o+ cor3 ce$$%P hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%P hic3
Da$$ed a#d "ied "are#ch;ma ce$$%P "ri%m% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP +ra,me# o+ hi# Da$$ed
+ibre% a#d %o#e ce$$%P Dih hic3 Da$$ed a#d #arroD ce#ra$ $ume#.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ 76 "$ae (Merc3)P u%i#, Ch$oro+ormQ
9o$ue#eR Meha#o$ (16Q=/Q1/)P %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0#m) o#e ;e$$oD +$uore%ce#ce %"o
a R+.6.07R o# ex"o%ure o Iodi#e -a"our% +our ;e$$oD %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.1=P 6.'6P 6.07
a#d 6.7=R o# %"ra;i#, Dih -a#i$$i# %u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
C +or 16
mi#ue%P %e-e# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.11 (b$ue)P 6.1=P 6.2' (boh -io$e)P 6.'6 (;e$$oD)P
6.'/P 6.07 a#d 6.7= (a$$ b$ue).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H CH%io%ero$ a#d e$eme#ra$ GH mo#oc$i#ic %u$"hur (SH4) a#d
,$ucoro"aeo$i# i%o$aed +rom roo.

1u#a Q &a,huP SaraP S#i,dhaP 5i3VWa
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q Jiro-ireca3aP JohaharaP 8heda#aP DS"a#aP )a"haharaP Ra%O;a#aP
2OaharaP 2eda#O%hO"a#aP 2idOhSP 2ireca#a

',)
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H ArYa3uThOra Ra%aP 2aidZr;a Ra%a;a#aP Chira3hadi;a
9ai$aP 9ri"ha$Odi 1uTi3aP Naraca3a CZrWaP
2i$-a3hadhi &e"aP !i""a$;Odi 1uTi3a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP ArYaP 8a%i-i3OraP 8ha,a#daraP DuVTa-raWaP #OhaP
1u$maP ?-araP )UmiP MZra3rcchraP Mad;a<a 9UVWOP
Mu3ha"O3aP !$ShOro,aP Sar"a-iVaP >dO-araP >dararo,aP
2Oara3aP 2ra#aP Eo#i-;O"aP NOdi-raWaP 2ra#aYohaP
Sar-a3uVThaP A"acS

',7
7/. !oa,a$a (R)
!*5A1A&A (Roo)
!oTa,a$a co#%i%% o+ dried roo o+ 9;"ha e$e"ha#i#a Roxb. (Fam.9;"haceae)P a
"ere##ia$ ,ra%%H$i3e %hrubP abou 1./H'.6 m i# hei,h a#d +ou#d hrou,hou "$ai#% o+ I#diaP
i# %a,#a# Daer a#d he %ide% o+ %ream% a#d mar%he%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Cra3O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Ho,a$aa
C#,$i%h Q C$e"ha# ,ra%%
1u<rai Q 1haabaa<ari;u
Hi#di Q !aeraaP Cra3aa
)a##ada Q A"uP ?ambuhu$$u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q Raamabaa#
*ri;a Q Ho,a$a
!u#<abi Q 8o<P 8oriP !airaa
9ami$ Q A#ai33oriaP A#ai""u$
9e$u,u Q C#u,a<ammuP ?ammu,uddi
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he roo% are u"o 1/ cm $o#, a#d abou 0 mm hic3P ari%i#, i# ,rou"% +rom he
ba%e o+ he %emR "a$e broD# o $i,h broD# i# co$ourP irre,u$ar$; +$ae#ed Dih
$o#,iudi#a$ +i%%ure% ,i-i#, ri%e o %e-era$ %eco#dar; a#d eriar; roo$e% +rom i% $oDer
e#dP ra#%-er%e$; cu %ur+ace %hoD% creami%h o "a$e ;e$$oD ce#ra$ coreR a%e a#d odour
i#di%i#c.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi%P +o$$oDed b; Dide corex Dhich ca# be
di++ere#iaed i#o hree zo#e%R he ouer corica$ ce$$%P be$oD he e"idermi% co#%i% o+ /
o = $a;er% o+ "are#ch;ma ce$$% arra#,ed com"ac$; +o$$oDed b; %eco#d zo#e co#%i%i#,
o+ circu$ar o o-a$ a#d a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed "are#ch;ma ce$$%R he ce#ra$ corica$
re,io# exhibi% $ar,e air ca-iie% $i#ed b; 1 or 2 $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$edP com"re%%edP
#arroD a#d radia$$; e$o#,aed "are#ch;ma ce$$% H he rabicu$aeR he ce#re o+ he roo
exhibi% a ;"ica$ mo#oco;$edo#ou% %rucure co#%i%i#, o+ a$er#ai#, ba#d% o+ x;$em
',,
a#d "h$oem %urrou#ded exer#a$$; b; e#dodermi% a#d "eric;c$eR he ce$$% o+ e#dodermi%
%hoD hic3e#i#, o# radia$ a#d $oDer a#,e#ia$ Da$$%R exce" "h$oem ce$$% a$$ he ce$$%
be$oD he "eric;c$e are hic3 Da$$ed a#d $i,#i+iedR he -a%cu$ar c;$i#der exhibi%
"re%e#ce o+ #umerou% -er; $o#, +ibre% Dih #arroD o #e,$i,ib$e $ume#R he -e%%e$%
%hoD %ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#, Dherea% he racheid% ha-e %ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#, or border
"i%R he "are#ch;ma ce$$% are radia$$; e$o#,aed a#d %im"$e "ied.
!oDder H 9he "oDdered dru, exhibi% +ra,me#% o+ hi# Da$$ed circu$ar o o-a$ a#d a$%o
radia$$; e$o#,aed "are#ch;ma ce$$%R +ra,me#% o+ rabecu$aeR +ra,me#% o+ +ibre%
%hoDi#, #e,$i,ib$e o #arroD $ume#R %ca$ari+orm -e%%e$%R %ca$ari+orm a#d borderH"ied
racheid% a#d %im"$e "ied hic3 Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac% o# "recoaed Si$ica 1e$ 76 "$ae (Merc3)P u%i#,
Ch$oro+ormQ 9o$ue#eQ Ch;$ aceaeQ Formic acid (7Q0Q6./)P %hoD% i# -i%ib$e $i,h Do
%"o% a R+. 6.4B($i,h ,ree#) a#d 6.70("a$e ,ree#)R u#der >.2. (2/0#m) +our %"o%
a""ear a R+.6.24("i#3i%h ora#,e)P 6.70($i,h ora#,e)P 6.=4 a#d 6.41(boh Dhii%h)R o#
ex"o%ure% o iodi#e -a"our% 4 %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.16P 6.1BP 6.24P 6.0/P 6./=P 6.70P 6.=4
a#d 6.B' (a$$ ;e$$oD)R o# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ eha#o$ic %u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae
a 116
o
C +or '6 mi#ue% 16 %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.16($i,h -io$e)P 6.1B(-io$e)P 6.24P
6.0/(boh +ai# broD#)P 6./=(-io$e)P 6.70(dar3 broD#)P 6.=4(b$ue)P 6.41P 6.4B a#d
6.B'(a$$ +ai# broD#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H CH%io%ero$P cho$e%ro$P Guercei# a#d $a#o%ero$.

2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q Ca3VuV;aP 1rOhSP )a"haharaP MZra$aP !iaharaP 2UV;aP 2raWaro"aWa

',8
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Su3umOra 1hUa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP Jo"haP DOhaP MZra3UcchraP Ra3a"iaP Ra3a-i3OraP
2Oara3aP 2i%ar"aP 2raWaP 8a%iYohaP Ju3radaurba$;a

',-
77. !udi#a(Aeria$"ar)
!>D:NH (Aeria$ !ar)
!udS#Oh co#%i%% o+ he aeria$ "ar o+ Me#ha -iridi% &i##. %;#. M. %"icaa -ar.
-iridi% &i##. (Fam. &amiaceae) a "ere##ia$P cree"i#, aromaic herb o+ '6 o B6 cm hi,hP
Dide$; cu$i-aed hrou,hou he "$ai#% o+ I#dia +or cu$i#ar; a#d medici#a$ "ur"o%e%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q !ZihOP Roca#SP !odS#a3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q !udi#aa
C#,$i%h Q S"earHMi#P 1arde# Mi#
1u<rai Q !hudi#o
Hi#di Q !udee#aa
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q !udi#aa
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q !arari "udi#a
9ami$ Q !udee#aa
9e$u,u Q !udee#aa
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Dru, co#%i%% o+ %ma$$ cho""ed Di,%R $ea-e% o""o%ieP decu%%aeP %hor$;
"eio$aeP "eio$e% 2Hmm $o#,R maure $ea-e% 2./ o './ cm $o#, a#d 1./ o 2.6 cm broadP
-er; mi#ue$; hair;P o-aeP a"ex acueP coar%e$; de#aeP com"arai-e$; %mooher a#d
dar3er u""er %ur+aceR %em %GuareP mi#ue$; hair;P $i,h broD# o broD#R +$oDer% i#
$oo%e c;$i#drica$P %$e#der %"i3e%R aD$ $i3eP hroa o+ ca$;x #a3edP coro$$a %moohR %eed%
%ma$$P muci$a,i#ou%R aromaic odour a#d %$i,h$; "u#,e# a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
Sem H 9.S. %hoD% Guadra#,u$ar ou$i#e Dih cor#er rid,e% a#d hi# cuic$eR
e"iderma$ ce$$% abu$arP mu$ice$$u$ar u#i%erae richome% "re%e#P corex 4 o B ce$$%
dee" be$oD rid,e%P Dhi$e 2 o ' ce$$% dee" e$%eDhereP -ariab$e i# %izeR e#dodermi% %i#,$e
$a;erR "eric;c$e bro3e#P co#%i%i#, o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$%R "h$oem 2 o 0 ce$$% dee"
a#d made u" o+ irre,u$ar %ha"ed ce$$%R x;$em -e%%e$% 27 o 07 ? i# diaR "ih "re%e#.
',(
&ea+ H
MidribQ 9.S. %hoD% "roruded mid rib oDard% he $oDer %ur+aceR com"ac
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% e#c$o%e a cre%ce#H%ha"ed -a%cu$ar bu#d$eR co$$e#ch;maou% ce$$%
are ab%e#.
&ami#aQ Dor%i-e#ra$P e"iderma$ ce$$ Da$$% o+ boh he %ur+ace% i# he %ur+ace -ieD are
Da-;P %omaa diac;icR co-eri#, richome% "re%e# o# he $oDer %ur+aceP u#i%eriaeP 1 o
0 ce$$% $o#,P 02 o '/6 ? i# %ize Dih "oi#ed a"exR ,$a#du$ar richome% 70 o 46 ? i#
diam. Dih a %i#,$e ba%a$ ce$$ a#d a head o+ 4 ce$$%P +ou#d i# de"re%%io# o+ he e"idermi%R
a %i#,$e roD o+ "a$i%ade ce$$% oDard% he u""er %ide +o$$oDed b; %"o#,; "are#ch;ma '
o 0 ce$$% dee"R "a$i%ade raio 7 o 4R -ei# i%$e #umber 14 o 26R %omaa$ i#dex +or u""er
e"idermi% 16 o 26P $oDer e"idermi% 1/ o '6.
!oDder H 8$ac3i%hHbroD#P +ibrou%P +ree +$oDi#,P characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+
u#i%eriae #o#H,$a#du$ar hair% (112 o '/6 ?)P ,$a#du$ar richome% 70 o 46 ? i# diamP
diac;ic %omaaP e"iderma$ ce$$ Da$$% Da-;.



9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ e%%e#ia$ oi$ o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, hexa#e Q eh;$ aceae (B6Q16)
%hoD% ei,h %"o% a R+ 6.24P 6.''P 6.'4P 6.0BP 6.//P 6.77P 6.46 a#d 6.44 o# %"ra;i#, Dih
2a#i$$i#HSu$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or 1/ mi#ue% a 116
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H C%%e#ia$ oi$ (6.2 o 6.4 "erce#) co#ai#i#, er"e#e %uch a% car-o#e
(76[) a#d $imo#e#e (16[) a% ma<or co#%iue#%.

'8*
Ra%a Q )aTu
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 8a$;aP DS"a#aP )a"haharaP MZra$aP 2OaharaP Roca#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H !udS#Or3a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H ?SrWa ?-araP JZ$aP A,#imO#d;aP A<SrWaP AruciP Ai%OraP J-O%aP
ChardiP dhmO#aP Hi33OP )O%aP )UmiP MZra3UcchraP
)aVThOra-aP !ra%ZS<-araP MadaP 2i%uci3OP 1rahaWiP
2a3ra<OX;aP ?-ara
D*SC H /H16 m$ "ara %-ara%a.
26H06 m$ "hOWTa.
1H' dro"% ai$a.

'8'
7=. !u$$a#i(&+)
!>&&N: (&ea+)
!u$$O#S co#%i%% o+ $ea+ o+ Ca$;co"eri% +$oribu#da &am. (Fam. Combreaceae)P a
%ca#de# %hrubP di%ribued i# he deciduou% +ore%% o+ De%er# !e#i#%u$a.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q !u$$O#SP 9o;a-a$$SP )Ora-e$$i
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q )o33arai
)a##ada Q Mar%adaba,u$iP C#<ari,e )ub%a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q !u$$aa#iP 2ara-a$$i
Marahi Q >3%hiP 8o,u$$
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Mi##aaru3oiP !i$$a#iP 9heru$a#3od$
9e$u,u Q 8a#dimurududu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he $ea-e% are = o 12 cm b; 0 o 7 cm o-aeH$a#ceo$ae or e$$i"icHob$o#,P acue
or acumi#aeP "eio$e 6./ cm o 1.6 cm $o#,R u""er %ur+ace du$$ ,ree#P $oDer "a$e broD#
Dih "romi#e# -ei#%P boh %ur+ace% hair;R a%eP a%ri#,e# a#d odour characeri%ic.
b) Micro%co"ic
&ea+ H
!eio$e H 9he ra#%-er%e %ecio# exhibi% a %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% Dih #umerou%
u#ice$$u$ar co-eri#, a% De$$ a% %hor %a$3ed or %e%%i$e ,$a#du$ar richome% Dih 12 o 17
ce$$ed headR Dide corex co#%i%i#, o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R a cre%ce#
%ha"ed -a%cu$ar bu#d$e co#%i%i#, o+ u%ua$ e$eme#%P %urrou#ded dor%a$$; a% De$$ a%
$aera$$; b; a %heah o+ +ibre% i% "re%e# i# he ce#re o+ "eio$eR ro%ee% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae cr;%a$% are %ee# i# %ome o+ he corica$ ce$$%.
'8.
Midrib H 9he ra#%-er%e %ecio# %hoD% %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% co-ered exer#a$$; Dih
cuic$eR $o#,P u#ice$$u$ar co-eri#, a% De$$ a% %hor %a$3ed or %e%%i$e ,$a#du$ar hair% Dih
12 o 17 head% "re%e# o# boh he %ur+ace%R corex co#%i%i#, o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma
ce$$%R a cre%ce# %ha"ed -a%cu$ar bu#d$e co#%i%i#, o+ u%ua$ e$eme#% %urrou#ded b; a
co#i#uou% ri#, o+ +ibre% "re%e# i# he ce#er o+ he corexP ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae
cr;%a$% +ou#d i# %ome o+ he corica$ "are#ch;ma ce$$%.
&ami#a H 9he e"iderma$ ce$$% ha-e Da-; ou$i#e i# %ur+ace -ieDR a#amoc;ic %omaa
"re%e# o# $oDer %ur+ace o#$;R u#ice$$u$arP $o#, co-eri#, richome% a% De$$ a% ,$a#du$ar
hair %imi$ar o ho%e de%cribed u#der "eio$eP "re%e# o# boh %ur+ace% bu more
"ro#ou#ced o# $oDer %ide.
9he ra#%-er%e %ecio# %hoD% dor%i-e#ra$ %rucure Dih Do $a;er% o+ "a$i%ade
ce$$% be$oD he u""er e"idermi%R me%o"h;$$ re"re%e#ed b; ce$$% o+ %"o#,; "are#ch;ma
a#d %ma$$ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% a#d -a%cu$ar %ra#d%R ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%
%ee# i# %ome o+ he ce$$% o+ %"o#,; "are#ch;maR %omaa$ i#dex 2' o 2BR "a$i%ade raio 0
o = a#d -ei# i%$e #umber / or 7.
!oDder H !a$e ,ree#R %hoD% +ra,me#% o+ u""er e"iderma$ ce$$% Dih co-eri#, a% De$$ a%
,$a#du$ar richome%R $oDer e"iderma$ ce$$% Dih %omaaP co-eri#, a#d ,$a#du$ar
richome%P +ra,me#% o+ +ibre%P reicu$ae a#d %ca$ari+orm -a%cu$ar e$eme#%R %caered
co-eri#, a#d ,$a#du$ar richome% a#d "are#ch;ma ce$$% Dih ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# "recoaed Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (Merc3)P u%i#, Ch;$
aceaeQ Meha#o$Q .aer (4Q11Q4) %hoD% i# -i%ib$e $i,h %ix %"o% a R+. 6.1' ($i,h
broD#)P 6.0B (;e$$oD)P 6.71 ("a$e ;e$$oD)P 6.=1 ($i,h ;e$$oD)P 6.B2 (dar3 ;e$$oD) a#d
6.B7 ($i,h ora#,e)R u#der >.2. (2/0 #m) +our %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.71P 6.=1 (boh Dhie)P
6.B2 (;e$$oD) a#d 6.B7 (ora#,e)R o# ex"o%ure o Iodi#e -a"our% +i-e %"o% a""ear a R+.
6.00P 6.71P 6.=1 (a$$ ;e$$oD)P 6.B2 (broD#) a#d 6.B7 (dar3 ;e$$oD)R o# %"ra;i#, Dih
-a#i$$i# %u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
C +or 16 mi#ue%P %ix %"o% a""ear a
R+.6.1'P 6.00 (boh +ai# broD#)P 6.71 (-io$e)P 6.=1 (+ai# broD#)P 6.B2 (b$ac3) a#d 6.B7
(dar3 ,ree#).
'80
C*NS9I9>CN9S H *cace%a#o$P %io%ero$P ca$;co"eri#P ']6HMeh;$ca$;co"eri#P 0H6
meh;$ca$;co"eri#P e$$a,ic acid Guercei# a#d "roa#hoc;a#idi#.

Ra%a Q 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP !iaharaP 8hedi#iP 2iba#dhahara


9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H ?-araP )UmiP )uVThaP !OWXu
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'8)
74. !u$$a#i(&R)
!>&&N: (Roo)
!u$$O#S co#%i%% o+ roo o+ Ca$;co"eri% +$oribu#da &am (Fam. Combreaceae)P a
%ca#de# %hrubP di%ribued i# he deciduou% +ore%% o+ De%er# "e#i#%u$a.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )Ora-e$$iP !u$$O#SP 9o;a-a$$S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q )o33arai
)a##ada Q C#<ari,e )ub%aP Mar%adaba,u$i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Marahi Q 8o,u$$P >3%hi
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he roo% are u"o ' cm. i# diameer occa%io#a$$; Dih aached roo$e%P %ur+ace
Dih +i#e $o#,iudi#a$ Dri#3$e%P bu++ broD# o ,re;i%hHbroD#P bar3 -er; hi#R +racureP
ou,h a#d +ibrou%R a%e a#d odour i#di%i#c.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% #arroD cor3 co#%i%i#, o+ a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$%P "he$$oderm i% a
#arroD zo#e re"re%e#ed b; hi# Da$$ed a#d a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed "are#ch;ma ce$$%R
"h$oem i% com"o%ed o+ %o+ i%%ue%R x;$em i% a %o$id c;$i#der co#%i%i#, o+ -e%%e$% a#d
racheid% %hoDi#, bordered "i% a#d reicu$ae hic3e#i#,P %im"$e "ied "are#ch;ma
ce$$% a#d +ibre%R "ache% o+ i#erx;$ar; "h$oem o+ %o+ i%%ue% are %ee# i# x;$em re,io#P
he medu$$ar; ra;% are u#i%eriaeR ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% are "re%e# i# %ome
o+ he "are#ch;ma ce$$% o+ "h$oem a#d i#erx;$ar; "h$oem.
'87
!oDder H !oDder %hoD% +ra,me#% o+ cor3 ce$$%P "are#ch;ma ce$$% co#ai#i#, ro%ee% o+
ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%P %caered ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% a#d +ra,me#% o+
-e%%e$% a#d racheid% %hoDi#, bordered "i% a#d reicu$ae hic3e#i#,.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# 2./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# ' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "recoaed "$ae% (Merc3)P u%i#, Ch;$
aceaeQMeha#o$R.aer (4Q11Q4) %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0#m) Do %"o% a R+.6.'B a#d
6.=1(boh +ai# b$ue)R o# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ eha#o$ic %u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae
a 116
o
C +or '6 mi#ue%P hree %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.'BP 6.=1 (boh +ai# broD#) a#d 6.44
(-io$e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H *cace%a#o$P %io%ero$P ca$;co"eri#P ']6Hmeh;$ca$;co"eri#P 0H6
meh;$ca$;co"eri#P e$$a,ic acidP ,o%%o;"o$ a#d Guercei#.

Ra%a Q 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 8hedi#iP )a"haharaP !iaharaP 2iba#dhahara


D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'8,
7B. !u$$a#i(S)
!>&&N: (Sem)
!u$$O#S co#%i%% o+ %em o+ Ca$;co"eri% +$oribu#da &am. (Fam. Combreaceae)P a
%ca#de# %hrubP di%ribued i# he deciduou% +ore%% o+ De%er# "e#i#%u$a.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q )Ora-e$$iP !u$$O#SP 9o;a-a$$S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q )o33arai
)a##ada Q C#<ari,e )ub%aP Mar%adaba,u$i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Marahi Q 8o,u$$P >3%hi
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
!iece% o+ %em c;$i#drica$P abou 4 o 16 mm hic3P %ur+ace $i,h broD#P %moohR
bar3 hi#P ea%i$; %e"arab$eR +racure hard a#d +ibrou%R a%e a#d odour i#di%i#c.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ %em %hoD% #arroD cor3 co#%i%i#, o+ reca#,u$ar a#d a#,e#ia$$;
e$o#,aed ce$$%P "he$$oderm exhibi% / o 4 $a;er% o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R
"h$oem i% com"o%ed o+ %o+ i%%ue% bei#, ra-er%ed b; u#i%eriae medu$$ar; ra;%R x;$em
i% a Dide zo#e co#%i%i#, o+ %ca$ari+orm a#d reicu$ae -e%%e$% Dih ra#%-er%e or $aera$
Da$$ "er+oraio#% a#d racheid%P %im"$e "ied +ibre% a#d "are#ch;ma ce$$%R medu$$ar;
ra;% are u#i%eriaeR "ache% o+ i#erx;$ar; "h$oem made u" o+ %o+ i%%ue% are %ee# i# hi%
re,io#R i#rax;$ar; "h$oem i% "re%e# a he "eri"her; o+ "ihR he "ih co#%i%% o+ hi#
Da$$ed "are#ch;ma ce$$% Dih i%o$aed %o#e ce$$%R ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%
%caered i# "h$oem a#d i#erx;$ar; "h$oem.
'88
!oDder H &i,h broD#R %hoD% +ra,me#% o+ -a%cu$ar e$eme#%P %ca$ari+orm a#d reicu$ae
-e%%e$% a#d racheid%P %o#e ce$$%P "ied +ibre% a#d "are#ch;maP hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;ma
ce$$%P "are#ch;ma ce$$% Dih ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% a#d i%o$aed ro%ee% o+
ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%.

.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 2./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "recoaed "$ae% (Merc3)P u%i#, Ch;$
aceaeQMeha#o$Q.aer (4Q11Q4) %hoD% i# -i%ib$e $i,h Do %"o% a R+. 6.4B ($i,h
;e$$oD) a#d 6.B0 (dar3 ;e$$oD)R u#der >2 (2/0#m) +our %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.'6P 6./1P
6./4 (a$$ $i,h b$ue) a#d 6.4B (;e$$oD)R o# ex"o%ure o Iodi#e -a"our% +our %"o% a""ear
a R+. 6.'0P 6./1P 6./4 a#d 6.4B (a$$ ;e$$oD)R o# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ eha#o$ic %u$"huric
acid a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
C +or '6 mi#ue%P +i-e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.'0P 6./1P
6./4P 6.4B (a$$ +ai# broD#) a#d 6.B0 (b$ac3).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H *cace%a#o$P %io%ero$P ca$;co"eri#P ']6HMeh;$ca$;co"eri#P 0H6
meh;$ca$;co"eri#P e$$a,ic acid.

Ra%a Q 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 8hedi#iP )a"haharaP !iaharaP 2iba#dhahara


D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'8-
=6. !ui3ara#<a(S.83)
!9:)ARAM?A (Sem 8ar3)
!ZS3arac<a i% he dried %em bar3 o+ Cae%a$"i#ia cri%a &i##. (Fam.
Cae%a$"i#iaceae)R a "ric3$;P %hrub; c$imber +ou#d hrou,hou I#dia u"o a# a$iude o+
1266 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Cirabi$-ahP !ZS3ahP !ra3ir;ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q I#dia# e$m
1u<rai Q Chare$aP )a#a<ho
Hi#di Q Chi$bi$P )a#<uP 8a#chi$$aaP !aa"ari
)a##ada Q 9a"a%i,ida
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q A-i$P Nea-i$
Marahi Q 8aa-a$aa
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q Chirbi$
9ami$ Q A-a$iP Aa"a
9e$u,u Q 9a"a%iP Nema$i#ara
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8ar3 cur-edP 6.4 o 1./ mm hic3P dar3 reddi%h or #ear$; b$ac3i%h i# co$our Dih a
#umber o+ %har" "ric3$e%R i##er %ur+ace $i,h broD# o dar3 broD# a#d %moohR +racureP
%horR odour$e%%R %$i,h$; a%ri#,e# i# a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
Sem bar3H 9.S. o+ %em bar3 co#%i%% o+ $a;er% o+ radia$$; iered cor3P co-ered b;
de,e#eraed dar3 $a;er% o+ dead ce$$% o+ cor3P +o$$oDed b; 17 o 22 $a;er% o+ "he$$odermR
"he$$oderm ce$$% are hi# Da$$edP "are#ch;maou%R %ome ce$$% are +i$$ed Dih %arch
,rai#% ha are %"herica$P -ariab$e i# %ize mea%uri#, +rom 1./ o / ?mP Dih a ce#ric
hi$umR ro%ee% or "ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae a$%o "re%e#R %o#e ce$$% are
"re%e# i# he +orm o+ a co#i#uou% ri#,R %eco#dar; "h$oem co#%i%% o+ com"a#io# ce$$%P
%ie-e ce$$%R "h$oem "are#ch;ma a#d hic3 Da$$ed "h$oem +ibre% i# ,rou"%P ra-er%ed b;
medu$$ar; ra;%R %im"$eP rare$; com"ou#d %arch ,rai#% a#d c$u%er% cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae a$%o +ou#d i# %eco#dar; "h$oem re,io#.
'8(
!oDderH &i,h broD#P ea%i$; +$oDab$eP a%eH%$i,h$; a%ri#,e#P odour$e%%R %hoD% he
"re%e#ce o+ %im"$e o com"ou#d %arch ,rai#% com"o%ed o+ 2 o 0 com"o#e#%R "ri%maic
a#d ro%ee% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%R cor3 i# %ur+ace -ieDP %c$ereid%P "h$oem +ibre%P
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% co#ai#% "ri%maic a#d c$u%er% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o+ %em bar3 "oDder o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#,
9o$ue#eQ Formic acidQ 1$acia$ aceic acid (42Q 10./Q 0./) u#der >2 $i,h ('7/ #m)
%hoD% o#e +$uore%ce# zo#e a R+. 6.=6 (,ree#). *# ex"o%ure o iodi#e -a"ourP %ix
%"o% a""ear a R+. 6.67P 6.2/P 6.74P 6.=2P 6.47 a#d 6.B/ (a$$ ;e$$oD).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H F$a-o#oidP Sa"o#i#% a#d A$3a$oid%.

1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q JohaharaP 8heda#S;aP DS"a#aP )Umi,h#aP J$eVma%abYama#aP A#u$
fma#aP &e3ha#S;aP 2iV,h#aP A"OrO"aa#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 2iVWu 9ai$aP I#du3O#a 1hUaP !ramehamihira 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H ArYaP J-iraP 1u$maP )aWXuP )uVThaP !ramehaP 9-a3ro,aP >daraP
2raWaP !a3-aHJo"haP S$S"adaP 2Oa<a Ju$aP Ju$aP Ma%Zri3OP
Am$a"iaP JariraHDur,a#dha
D*SC H /6H166 m$. i# he +orm o+ decocio#.

'-*
=1. Re#u3a (Fr)
RN@>)A (Seed)
ReWu3O co#%i%% o+ dried +rui o+ 2iex #e,u#do &i##. (Fam. 2erbe#aceae) a %ma$$
ree Dih ri"$icae o "e#a+o$iae $ea-e% a#d b$ui%h i#+$ore%ce#ceP +ou#d hrou,hou I#dia.
Noe Q ]Re#u3a] i% he +rui o+ 2iex a,#u%Hca%u% &i##.P a "$a# o+ +orei,# ori,i# accordi#,
o he AFI. HoDe-erP %i#ce he; are #o a-ai$ab$e i# he mar3eP he reco,#i%ed %ub%iue
+rui% o+ 2iex #e,u#do ha-e bee# a3e# here a% Re#u3a. ]Nir,u#di] i% he dried $ea+ o+
2iex #e,u#do
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q RO<a"urSP Na#di#SP )a"i$OP D-i<OP 8ha%ma,a#dhOP !OWXu"arSP
HareWu3O
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Re#u3aP )au#eeP Re#u3a 8ee<
C#,$i%h Q Cha%eH9reeP Hem"H9ree
1u<rai Q Hare#uP Re#u3a
Hi#di Q Re#u3aaP Re#u3aP Sambhaa$oo3a 8ee<
)a##ada Q Re#u3a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q Re#u3a 8ee<
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Eeee
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he +rui i% a rou#ded dru"eP 1 o ' mm i# diameerP 1\' rd o '\0 h o+ i% %ize
%urrou#ded b; a du$$ ,re; cu" $i3eP "er%i%e# ca$;x a$o#,Dih "edice$R ca$;x cu" ma;
%hoD o#e or Do -erica$ %"$i%R +rui co$our $i,h broD# o b$ac3R $ocu$e% DoP each
co#ai#i#, Do %eed%R exure %moohP a%e a#d odour #o characeri%ic.
b) Micro%co"ic
Frui %hoD% a circu$ar ou$i#eR he ouermo% $a;er co#%i%% o+ com"acP rou#ded
or barre$ %ha"ed e"iderma$% ce$$%R e"idermi% bear% abu#da#P characeri%ic bice$$edP be#
or Da-; richome%R di%a$ ce$$ o+ he richome% ,e#era$$; bro3e#R he %ube"iderma$
'-'
,rou#d i%%ue com"ri%i#, he me%ocar"P com"o%ed o+ hi# Da$$edP a#,u$ar ce$$% Dhich
o-erarch beDee# he Do $ocu$i o+ he +rui a he di%a$ e#dR me%ocar" a$%o co#ai#% a
ri#, o+ -a%cu$ar %ra#d%R hic3 Da$$ed $i,#i+ied ce$$% i##er o me%ocar" com"ri%e he
e#docar"R each $ocu$u% co#ai#% $ or 2 +$ae#ed %eed%R ca$;x co#%i%% o+ a# ouer
e"iderma$ $a;er o+ %ma$$ ce$$% +o$$oDed b; a ce#ra$ i%%ue o+ hi# Da$$ed a#,u$ar ce$$%.
!oDder H9he "oDder %hoD% %o#e ce$$%P bice$$u$ar richome% a#d ,rou"% o+ -e%%e$% Dih
%ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#,% be%ide i%%ue +ra,me#% com"ri%i#, boh hi# a#d hic3 Da$$ed
ce$$%.


9.&.C.
u%i#, ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$ (4H2)P %hoD% u#der >.2. ('77#m) %"o% a R+. 6.'7 (8$ue)P
6./2 (Ee$$oDi%h ,ree#)P 6./= (8$ui%h ,ree#)P 6.7' (8$ui%h ,ree#)P 6.=1 (8$ue)P 6.40
(8$ue)P 6.B' (8$ui%h ,ree#)R o# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH %u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d
heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a116
o
C u#der >.2. ('77#m) %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.60
(1re;i%h 8$ac3)P 6./4 (8$ue)P 6.=' (8$ue)P 6.B6 (8$ue)P 6.B= (Ee$$oD).
9.&.C. o+ he #HHexa#e exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
ch$oro+orm Q eh;$aceae (B/Q/) %hoD% u#der >.2. ('77#m) %"o% a R+ 6.1' (1ree#)P
6.2= (1ree#)P 6.'0 (1ree#)P 6.00 (1ree#)P 6./1 (1ree#)P 6.77 (1ree#)P 6.== (1ree#)P 6.40
(1ree#)P 6.B6 (Dar3 1ree#)R o# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deQ %u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d
heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 116I C u#der >.2. ('77#m) %"o% a""ear a R+ 6.1'
(Ee$$oD)P 6.2= (Ee$$oD)P 6.'0 (ora#,e ;e$$oD)P 6.00 (&i,h ;e$$oD)P 6./1 (1ree#i%h
Ee$$oD)P 6.7/ (!a$e ;e$$oD)P 6.== ("a$e ;e$$oD)P 6.40 (Ee$$oD)P 6.B6 (Ee$$oD).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Seed% co#ai# h;drocarbo#% %uch a% #Hririaco#a#eP #H
he#riaco#a#eP #H"e#ariaco#a#e a#d #o#aco%a#e. *her
co#%iue#% o+ he %eed% i#c$ude H %io%ero$P "H
h;drox;be#zoic acid a#d / ox;i%o"hha$ic acid.

'-.
Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,hu
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#SP )a"haharaP Medh;aP !Oca#SP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP !ia3araP
1arbha"Oi#SP Mu3ha-aima$;a3ara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H !ramehamihira 9ai$aP 2O%Oca#da#Odi 9ai$aP Ca#da#Odi
9ai$aP DaYamZ$ariVTaP SOr%-aOriVTaP MahO;o,arO<a
1u,,u$uP AWuai$aP 8a$OY-a,a#dha &O3VOdi 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H DOhaP DadruP Daurba$;aP 1u$maP )O%aP )aWXuP Neraro,aP 9UV#OP
)$aib;a
D*SC H 1H' ,.

'-0
=2. Riddhi (uber)
RIDDHI (9uber)
Riddhi co#%i%% o+ dried uber o+ Habe#aria i#ermedia D.Do# (Fam. *rchidaceae)R
a ,$abrou%P %ma$$P erecP herbaceou% "$a# +ou#d i# em"erae Hima$a;a%P u"o 2666 m
commercia$ %am"$e% are u%ua$$; "roce%%ed i# %eam or boi$i#, Daer a#d dried be+ore
mar3ei#,.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q AY-O%i#S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q HH
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q HH
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
>#"roce%%ed uber% are 1./ o './ cm $o#, a#d 1.6 o 2./ cm hic3P o-a$P obo-ae
or ob$o#, i# %ha"eR bu++ o ;e$$oDi%h broD#P Dih %hru#3e# %ur+aceP co-ered Dih
#umerou% +i#e hair%R i#er#a$$; Dhie o creami%h i# co$ourR %hoDi#, %car% o+ aeria$
"orio# a he a"ex a#d bea3ed or %omeime rou#d ba%eR odour$e%%R a%eP "a$aab$e a#d
muci$a,i#ou%.
!roce%%ed uber%R Dih %car or aached %em o# o"R 1./ o '.6 cm i# $e#,h a#d 6./ o
1./ cm i# DidhP co#ica$P a"eri#, o a bea3ed ba%eP %ur+ace rou,hP occa%io#a$$; ,roo-edP
,ra;i%hHbroD#R -er; hard o brea3R +racured %ur+ace %hoD cream; i#eriorR a%e
"a$aab$e a#d muci$a,i#ou%R odour$e%%.

'-)
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ u#"roce%%ed uber %hoD% 2 o ' $a;ered e"idermi% Dih $o#, u#ice$$u$ar
hair%P +o$$oDed b; a di%i#c exodermi% a#d 1/ o 26 $a;er% o+ corica$ "are#ch;maP ce$$%
o+ Dhich i# "roximi; o+ exodermi% are %ma$$er a% com"ared o he remai#i#, ce$$% o+
corex re,io#R a +eD "are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ ouer corex co#ai# bu#d$e% o+ re"hide%. I
i% +o$$oDed b; a ;"ica$ "o$;%e$ic co#diio# co#%i%i#, o+ 10 o 17 diarch %e$e% arra#,ed
i# a ri#, a#d = o 16 %e$e% di%ribued amo#, he "are#ch;ma i# he ce#ra$ re,io#R
%chizo,e#ou% muci$a,e ca#a$% $i#ed b; a# e"ihe$ium o+ u%ua$$; 7 o B ce$$% are +ou#d
di%ribued hrou,hou he "are#ch;maou% i%%ueR %ma$$ a#d $ar,e %arch ,rai#% mo%$;
o+ %im"$e ;"e are +ou#d di%ribued i# abu#da#ce hrou,hou he "are#ch;ma a% De$$ a%
i# he e"ihe$ia$ ce$$% o+ muci$a,e ca#a$%R he %ma$$er o#e% are mo%$; +ou#d Dih hi$um
a% a "oi# or c$e+ a#d $ar,e o#e are rou#d o o-a$ Dih ce#ra$$; %iuaed hi$um i# he
+orm o+ a "oi# or c$e+ or ria#,u$ar or 2 o ' %e$$ae c$e+.
9he "roce%%ed uber% %hoD #o a#aomica$ cha#,e% exce" he ,e$ai#ized %arch
,rai#%.
!oDder H 9he "oDder %hoD% he "re%e#ce o+ a $ar,e #umber o+ %arch ,rai#%P $o#, #eed$e
%ha"ed ra"hide% i# bu#d$e% or i%o$aedR +ra,me#% o+ roo hair%P muci$a,e ca#a$%P
"are#ch;maou% ce$$% a#d -e%%e$% Dih %ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#,.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "recoaed "$ae% (Merc3)P u%i#,
9o$ue#e Q Meha#o$ (40Q17) %hoD% i# -i%ib$e $i,h +our %"o% a R+. 6.01P 6.'/ (boh $i,h
;e$$oDP 6.22 a#d 6.17 (boh "i#3)R u#der >2 ra;% (2/0#m) hree %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.=B
(Dhie)P 6.7= (dar3 b$ue) a#d 6.'B (;e$$oD)P o# ex"o%ure o iodi#e -a"our% +i-e %"o%
a""ear a R+.6.=BP 6.01P 6.'/P 6.22 a#d 6.17 (a$$ ;e$$oD)R o# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ -a#i$$i#
%u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116IC +or 16 mi#ue%P #i#e %"o% a""ear a R+.
6.=BP 6.7=P 6.71P 6.01P 6.'BP 6.'/P 6.22 a#d 6.1B ( a$$ "i#3) a#d 6.17 (-io$e).

'-7
Ra%a Q Madhura
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q !iaharaP Ra%O;a#aP 9ridoVaYOma3aP 2OaharaP 2UV;aP Ju3ra<a#a#aP
*<o-ardha3a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H AYo3a 1hUaP AmUa"rOYa 1hUaP DaYamZ$OriVTaP
ChO,a$Od;a 1hUa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H ?-araP )Va;aP Ra3a-i3OraP MZrcchO
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

'-,
='. Rohi%ha(.h.!$)
R*H:LA (.ho$e !$a#)
RohSVa co#%i%% o+ dried $ea+P %em a#d roo o+ C;mbo"o,o# mari#ii (Roxb.) .a%.
(Fam. !oaceae) a "ere##ia$P %Dee %ce#ed ,ra%%P 1./ o './ m hi,hP occur% Di$d i# dr;
$oca$iie% a#d cu$i-aed i# ma#; "ar% o+ I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q HH
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q A,am 1haa%P A,i;aa 1haa%
C#,$i%h Q Ro%ha 1ra%%P Ru%a ,ra%%
1u<rai Q Ro#d%oP Ro#%do
Hi#di Q Rohi%P Roo%aaP Roo%aa,haa%P Mircha,a#dha
)a##ada Q Du#$$uP Harehu$$u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Sambhaar""u$$u
Marahi Q Rohi%h ,a-a
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q A,;a ,ha%%
9ami$ Q )aa-aam"i$$uP Mu#3i"u$P Choorai""u$
9e$u,u Q )aama3chhi H )a%%u-u
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo H ShorP %ou a#d Dood;R roo% +ibrou%R ma#; cu$m% ari%e +rom roo %um"%.
Cu$m H CrecP ereeP %mooh %hi#;P u"o 7 mm i# dia.P i#er#ode% / o 17 cm $o#,P %o$id.
&ea+ H 8$ade% $i#earH$a#ceo$ae or $a#ceo$ae a"eri#, o $o#, +i$i+orm acumi#ae "oi#P
cordae a#d am"$exicau$ a ba%eP u"o /6 cm $o#, a#d './ cm broadR u""er $ea-e% are
%ma$$erP $ea+ %ur+ace ,$abrou%P mar,i# %cabridR midrib "romi#e# a#d "roruded o# he
$oDer %ur+aceR $ea+ %heah %horer ha# he i#er#ode%P ,$abrou%P %riaeP auricu$aeP i,h
a#d c$a%"i#, he cu$mP $i,u$e% membra#ou%P 2 o ' cm $o#,.
I#+$ore%ce#ce H S"ahae "a#ic$eP com"ou#dP u"o '6 cm $o#,R "rimar; axi% bear% 2 or '
bra#che% a each #odeP he%e e#d i# a %"aheo$e Dhich bear% a "air o+ raceme%P %"aheo$e
1.4 mm $o#, become reddi%h a mauri;R raceme% 1./H2.6 cm $o#, become %ub%e%%i$e or
%hor$; "edice$$edP $oDer raceme ba%e a#d $oDer mo% "edice$ %Do$$e#R %e%%i$e %"i3e$e
'-8
abou './ mm $o#,P $oDer ,$ume 1 mm DideP o-aeP Dih dee" media# ,roo-eP broad$;
Di#,edP 2 #er-edR aD# 12 o 14 mm $o#,R "edice$$ae %"i3e$e abou 0 mm $o#,P
,$abrou%R $oDer ,$ume $a#ceo$aeP 4 #er-edP +$oDer herma"hrodie or ma$eP %ame#%H'P
a#her% 1 or 2 mm $o#,P %;$e 2P %i,ma "i$o%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo H 9.S. %hoD% hi# Da$$ed e"ib$ema Dih u#ice$$u$ar roo hair%R corex com"o%ed o+
hi# Da$$edP "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R $ar,e air chamber% "re%e# i# he corexR e#dodermi%
%i#,$e $a;ered a#d "eric;c$e Do ce$$ $a;eredR ce#ra$ -a%cu$ar %ra#d ha% ouer 2 or '
$a;er% o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$% +o$$oDed b; ' o / ce$$% dee" zo#e% o+ hi# Da$$ed
"h$oem Dih a roD o+ circu$ar ca-iie% o+ 12 o 2/ ? diam.R / o 16 ce$$ $a;er hic3 zo#e
e#c$o%e% x;$em -e%%e$%R Dhich are '/ o /6 ? i# diam.R "ih ce$$% hic3 Da$$ed a#d de-oid
o+ a#; ce$$ co#e#%.
Sem H 9.S. %hoD% hic3 cuic$eR e"idermi% de-oid o+ a#; a""e#da,e%R h;"odermi% 7 o
16 ce$$% dee" a#d com"o%ed o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% %caered
hrou,hou he ,rou#d i%%ue Dih a roD o+ %ma$$er -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% i# he h;"odermi%R
ce$$% o+ ,rou#d i%%ue hi# Da$$edP "are#ch;maou%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% "re%e# i# he
,rou#d i%%ue e#c$o%ed b; 2 or ' $a;er% o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% ce$$%.
&ea+ H 9.S. %hoD% i%obi$aera$ %rucureP Dih a %"o#,; me%o"h;$$ beDee#R ou$i#e
%hoDi#, a %$i,h$; co#ca-e u""er %ur+ace a#d a co#-ex $oDer %ur+aceR midrib "roruded
oDard% $oDer %ideR ce$$% o+ u""er e"idermi% i#erru"ed b; he "re%e#ce o+ bu$$i+orm or
moor ce$$%R $oDer e"iderma$ ce$$% are more u#i+orm i# %ize a#d %ma$$erR %omaa "re%e#
o# boh %ur+ace%P characeri%ica$$; "$aced i# a %rai,h $i#e beDee# -ei#%P me%o"h;$$
co#%i%% o+ ch$ore#ch;maou% ce$$% "$aced radia$$; arou#d %ma$$er -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%R
bu#d$e %heah "re%e# arou#d %ma$$er -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%P o# eiher %ide o+ he midrib
-a%cu$ar bu#d$eR ,rou" o+ %c$ere#ch;maou% +ibre% are +ou#d a#d ma; exe#d u"o
bu#d$e %heahR -a%cu$ar bu#d$e o+ midrib u%ua$$; ha% Do co#%"icuou% meax;$em
-e%%e$%.
&oDer e"idermi% ca# be di%i#,ui%hed +rom he u""er e"idermi% b; i% ha-i#,
more #umber o+ %omaaP %ma$$er e"iderma$ ce$$% a#d "re%e#ce o+ microhair% a#d
"a"i$$aeR %omaa o+ he $oDer e"idermi% H o-a$P mo%$; Dih $oD dome %ha"ed $o#, ce$$%
"re%e# beDee# he -ei#%R $o#, ce$$% o+ $oDer e"idermi% "o%%e%% 1 or 2 "a"i$$aeP Dhi$e
"a"i$$ae are ab%e# o# he $o#, ce$$% o+ u""er e"idermi%R %hor ce$$% o-er he -ei#% i#
roD% o+ more ha# / ce$$% a#d ma; be i# "air%R %i$ica bodie% abu#da# o-er he -ei#%
mo%$; dumbbe$$ %ha"edP occa%io#a$$; cro%%H%ha"edP #arroD a#d cre#aeR "ric3$e a#d
micro hair% "re%e#R micro hair% Do ce$$edP ob%er-ed o#$; o# $oDer e"idermi%R he ba%a$
ce$$ o+ micro hair% i% Dide a% com"ared o di%a$ ce$$R di%a$ ce$$ a"er% o a# acue$;
"oi#ed a"ex.
'--
!oDder H 8roD#P +ibrou%P +ree +$oDi#,P %hoD% debri% +rom $ea-e% %hoDi#, characeri%ic
,rami#aceou% %omaaP %i$ica bodie%P a#d micro hair%R a$%o co#ai#% "ied "are#ch;ma
a#d +iber.

AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# = "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ e%%e#ia$ oi$ o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, hexa#e Q eh;$ aceae (B6Q16)
%hoD% %e-e# %"o% a R+ 6.2/P 6.'4P 6.0=P 6./=P 6.70P 6.=1 a#d 6.=4 o# %"ra;i#, Dih
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H C%%e#ia$ oi$ (6./ "erce#) co#ai#i#, er"e#e% %uch a% ,era#io$P
,era#;$ aceaeP ciro#e$$o$P $i#a$oo$P ,era#;$ bu;raeP m;rce#ePAH
a#d CH"i#e#e.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q !iaharaP )a"ha-OaYOma3aP 8O$a,rahaharaP !ub%-a,h#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 8a$O 9ai$aP MO%aba$Odi )-Oha CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP A"a%mOraP AruciP HUdro,aP ?-araP )O%aP )uVThaP !ramehaP
Ra3a"iaP !i#a%aP )a"ha<-araP )aWTha Ro,aP )aTiYZ$aP 2UVci3aH
2iVa
D*SC H 16H26 ,.

'-(
=0. Rumima%a,i (Re%i#)
RM:MAS9A1: (Re%i#)
RZmSma%a,S i% a re%i# obai#ed +rom !i%acia $e#i%cu% &i##. (Fam.
A#acardiaceae)P a %hrub or %ma$$ ree i#di,e#ou% o he cou#rie% borderi#, o# he
Medierra#ea#.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q HH
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q RumiHMa%u#,i
C#,$i%h Q Ma%ic
1u<rai Q Rumi Ma%a,ee
Hi#di Q Rumi Ma%a,eeP Rumi Ma%i3iP Ma%a,ee
)a##ada Q HHH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q Rumaa Ma%a3ee
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q Rumee Ma%a,ee
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he re%i# occur% i# %ma$$P hardP "ear %ha"edP o-oid or #ear$; ,$obu$arP %omeime%
e$o#,aed ear%P abou 2 o 4 mm i# diameerR "a$e ;e$$oD i# co$ourR bri$eP brea3i#, i#o
c$ear ,$o%%; +racureP i#erior ra#%"are#P cru%hi#, o a %a#d; "oDderP a%eP %$i,h$;
a,reeab$eR odourP aromaic.

AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# 6.'0 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.
A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# B0 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 6./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

'(*
ASSAE
9he dru, o# %eam di%i$$aio# ;ie$d% co$our$e%% oi$ (1./H2.6[ -\D)P Dhich i% hea-ier ha#
Daer. (Mehod i# A""e#dix 2.2.16.).
9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "recoaed "$ae% (Merc3)P u%i#,
9o$ue#e Q Meha#o$ (B/Q/)R u#der >2 (2/0#m) %hoD% o#e %"o a R+. 6.1= (b$ue
+$uore%ce#ce)Q o# %"ra;i#, Dih 2a#i$$i#H%u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
C
+or '6 mi#ue%P De$-e %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.12P 6.1=P 6.2' (a$$ -io$e)P 6.06 (b$ue)P 6.01
("ur"$e)P 6.00P 6.07P 6.0BP 6./7P 6.7BP 6.46 a#d 6.47 (a$$ b$ue).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Re%i#P -o$ai$e oi$P a bic;c$ic er"e#oid a#d +a; acid%.
Ra%a Q Madhura
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q DS"a#aP )a"haharaP MZra$aP 2UV;aP 2arW;aP 2O<S3araWaP Ra3a Sa
a,rOhi3aP Mu3hadur,a#dha#OYa3aP DaYa#%hiraO3ara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H C$adiP )amedaP Su3rama 2ai

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H A,#imO#d;aP JohaP J-O%aP dhmO#aP 1rahaWSP )O%aP MZra3
UcchraP Ra3a%rO-aP 2Oa"ia<a 2i3Ora
D*SC H 1H2 ,.

'('
=/. Sara$a (Cxudae )
SARA&A (Cxudae)
Sara$a i% a# exudae obai#ed b; a""i#, he Dood o+ !i#u% roxbur,hii Sar,e# %;#.
!. $o#,i+o$ia Roxb. (Fam. !i#aceae)P a mo#oeciou% co#i+er +ou#d i# #orhHDe%er#
Hima$a;a% a a# a$iude beDee# 076 a#d 1/66 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q JrihP JrS-eVTa3aP JrS-O%ahP Jri#i3eahP Jr;Oh-hahP 2U3VadhZ"a3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Sara$a ,aachh
C#,$i%h Q *$eoHre%i#e o+ !i#e
1u<rai Q 9e$i;o de-daarP !i$o bera<o
Hi#di Q CheedH)aH1o#dP 1a#dhabiro<aa
)a##ada Q Sara$P Sri-e%ha3a
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Chara$amP Sara$am
Marahi Q Sara$a dee3a
*ri;a Q SidhaaP Sara$
!u#<abi Q Cheed
9ami$ Q !i#aimaaru
9e$u,u Q Sara$
>rdu Q Cheed
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8$ac3i%h broD# i# co$ourP %emi %o$idP mo%$; a%%ociaed Dih debri% +rom #eed$e%P
Dood chi"% a#d bar3 o+ he %ource reeR odourP erebi#he#e.

A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# =0 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 6.1/ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.
2o$ai$e oi$ No $e%% ha# 14 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.16

'(.
ASSAE
1.&.C. H
1.&.C. o+ 9ur"e#i#e oi$ o# he 1a% Chromao,ra"h Mode$ N>C*N H /=7/P Co$um# d
Saio#ar; "ha%e Q '6m +u%ed %i$ica ca"i$$ar; co$um# Da$$% coaed Dih FFA!P Carrier
1a% Q He$iumP 1./ m$. mi#
H1
P Co$um# 9em"eraure Q B6I

C +or 2 mi#. he# "ro,rammed
a he rae o+ =I

C mi#
H1
o 226I

CP I#<ecio# "or 9em"eraure Q 226I

CP Deecor
9em"eraure Q 206I

CP

Recorder Q 2m2P %i,#a$ ae#uaio# 1Q166P Char %"eed Q 1
cm.mi#
H1
P Sam"$e %ize Q 6.16 m$ (For 1C a#a$;%e%P "ure (6.1m$) i% i#<eced Dih a 1.6
m$ %;ri#,e).
9he ide#i+icaio# o+ com"ou#d% i% do#e b; com"ari#, he ree#io# ime o+ "ea3% a#d
b; "ea3 e#richme# ech#iGue Dih %a#dard %am"$e% ru# u#der %imi$ar o"erai#,
co#diio#% %uch a% $HAH "i#e#e (R g 7.'1 mi#.)R $HCH"i#e#e (R g =.14 mi#.)R carH'He#e
(R g =.=7 mi#.)R $o#,i+o$e#e (R g 1/.07 mi#.).
9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ ro%i# (Maeria$ $e+ a+er %e"araio# o+ e%%e#ia$ oi$) o# a "recoaed
%i$ica ,e$ 1 "$aeP u%i#, meha#o$ Q hexa#e (/QB/). *#e %"o a R+. 6.46 o# %"ra;i#, Dih
2[ -a#i$$i# i# %u$+uric acid (dar3 "i#3 o "ur"$e +$oure%ce#) a#d o# %"ra; Dih 6.60 "er
ce# bromocre%o$ ,ree# %o$uio# %hoD% ;e$$oD %"o.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H $HAH"i#e#eP $HCH"i#e#eP carH'He#eP $o#,i+o$e#e a#d oher mo#o d
%e%Guier"e#e%.

2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP )a"haharaP Ra3Vo,h#aP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP Dur,a#dhaharaP
DuVTa-raWaYodha3aP 2arWa"ra%Oda#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H AmUa"ra%a CZrWaP )uVTadi 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H A,#imO#d;aP dhmO#aP 1rahabOdhOP )Umiro,aP )aWTharo,aP
)aWXuP )oThaP )uVThaP MZrcchOP SohaP 9-a3ro,aP
>ru%ambhaP 2Oa-;OdhiP Eo#idoVaP ?arZrdha-aro,aP S-edaH
Daur,a#dh;aP )arWaYZ$aP NOXi-ra#aP !iXa3OP EZ3aro,a
D*SC H 1H' ,.
'(0
=7. Sar"a,a#dha(R)
SAR!A1ANDH (Roo)
Sar"a,a#dhO co#%i%% o+ air dried roo o+ RauDo$+ia %er"e#i#a (&i##.) 8e#h. ex
)urz (Fam. A"oc;#aceae)R a "ere##ia$ u#der%hrub Dide$; di%ribued i# I#dia i# he %ubH
Hima$a;a# rac% u"o 1P666 m a% De$$ a%P i# he $oDer ra#,e% o+ he Ca%er# a#d .e%er#
1ha% a#d i# he A#dama#%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q NO3u$iP Ca#dri3OP Cha#dramOrah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Chaa#dar
C#,$i%h Q Rau-o$+ia RooP Ser"e#i#a Roo
1u<rai Q Ame$"odee
Hi#di Q Chhoaa Chaa#dP Dha-a$baruaa
)a##ada Q Sura#aabhu
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Ama$"ori
Marahi Q Ad3aiP Cha#dra
*ri;a Q Dha#baruaP Sa#ochado
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Sar""a,a#i
9e$u,u Q Sar"a,a#dhi
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
!iece% o+ roo% mo%$; abou 4 o 1/ cm $o#, a#d 6./ o 2 cm i# hic3#e%%P %ubH
c;$i#drica$P cur-edP %ouP hic3 a#d rare$; bra#chedR ouer %ur+ace ,re;i%hH;e$$oD o
broD# Dih irre,u$ar $o#,iudi#a$ +i%%ure%R roo$e% 6.1mm i# diaR +racureP %horP %$i,h
odour a#d bier a%e.
b) Micro%co"ic
RooH Roo com"ri%e% o+ %rai+ied cor3 o+ abou 14 $a;er%P o+ Dhich he ce$$% o+ 4
o 12 $a;er% are %ma$$erP %uberized a#d u#$i,#i+iedR ce$$% o+ remai#i#, $a;er% $ar,eP
%uberized a#d $i,#i+iedR "he$$oderm "are#ch;maou%P %ome ce$$% "ac3ed Dih %arch
,rai#% a#d "ri%maic a#d c$u%er% cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR %eco#dar; "h$oem i%%ue
co#%i%% o+ %ie-e ce$$%P com"a#io# ce$$% a#d "are#ch;maou% ce$$ co#ai#i#, %arch ,rai#%
a#d cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR "h$oem +ibre% ab%e#R "h$oem "are#ch;ma occa%io#a$$;
+i$$ed Dih ,ra#u$ar %ub%a#ce%R %arch ,rai#% mo%$; %im"$e bu com"ou#d ,ra#u$e% a$%o
occur Dih 2 o 0 com"o#e#%R i#di-idua$ ,ra#u$e% %"herica$P abou / o 1/ ?m i#
'()
diameerP Dih De$$ mar3ed hi$um %im"$e or %"$i i# a radiae +ormR %o#e ce$$% are
ab%e# (di%i#cio# +rom ma#; oher %"ecie% %uch a% R. ca#e%ce#%P R. micra#haP R.
de#%i+$oraP R. "era3e#%i% a#d R. -omioria)R %eco#dar; x;$em i% ra-er%ed b; De$$
de-e$o"ed $i,#i+ied medu$$ar; ra;% o+ abou 1 o / ce$$ Dide bu u#i%eriae ra;% are more
"romi#e#R -e%%e$% %i#,$; or i# "air%R x;$em "are#ch;ma ce$$% $i,#i+iedR +ibre% "re%e#R
ce$$% o+ medu$$ar; ra;% hic3 Da$$ed a$%o +i$$ed Dih %arch ,rai#% a#d ca$cium oxa$ae
"ri%m%.
!oDder H Coar%e o +i#eP ;e$$oDi%hHbroD#P +ree +$oDi#,P odour %$i,hP bier i# a%eR
characerized b; %"herica$P %im"$e o com"ou#d %arch ,rai#%P ca$cium oxa$ae "ri%m%
a#d c$u%er%R -e%%e$% Dih %im"$e "er+oraio#P occa%io#a$$; ai$edR racheid% $i,#i+iedR
x;$em +ibre% irre,u$ar i# %ha"eP occur% %i#,$; or i# %ma$$ ,rou"%P Da$$% $i,#i+iedP i"%
occa%io#a$$; +or3ed or ru#caedR Dood "are#ch;ma ce$$% are +i$$ed Dih ca$cium oxa$ae
cr;%a$% a#d %arch ,rai#%R %o#e ce$$% "h$oem +ibre% ab%e#.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he meha#o$ a#d Ammo#ia exrac o+ roo "oDder o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae
u%i#, 9o$ue#e Q Ch;$ aceae Q Dieh;$ami#e (=6 Q 26Q 16) %hoD% ei,h %"o o# %"ra;i#,
Dih Dra,e#dor++ rea,e# a R+. 6.11P 6.1'P 6.2/P 6.'=P 6.0=P 6./1P 6.71 a#d 6.42 (a$$
reddi%h broD#). 9he %"o a R+. 6.42 i% o+ re%er"i#e.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H RauDo$+ia co#ai#% i#do$e a$3a$oid%P %uch a% re%er"i#i#eP
%er"e#i#i#e a#d a<ma$ici#e.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#SP )a"haharaP MZra$P !Oca#SP Ruc;aP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP
NidrO"radaP )OmO-a%Oda3aP HUda-a%Oda3a.

'(7
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Sar"a,a#dhOdi CZrWaP Sar"a,a#dhO;o,aP Sar"a,a#dhO
2aTiP Sar"a,a#dhO 1ha#a 2aTS

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP A#idrOP A"a%mOraP 8hZabOdhOP 8hramaP ?-araP )Umiro,aP
Madaro,aP >#mOdaP Eo#iYZ$aP Ra3a-SaP MO#a%aro,aP 2i%
Zci3OP 2raWa.
D*SC H 1H2 ,.

'(,
==. S-ea"u#ar#a-a(R)
J2C9A!>NARNA2 (Roo)
J-ea"u#ar#a-O co#%i%% o+ roo o+ 8oerhaa-ia -erici$$aa !oir. (Fam.
N;ca,i#aceae)P a herbaceou% Deed Dih a e#de#c; o c$imbP Dide$; di%ribued i# he
"$ai#% hrou,hou I#dia duri#, rai#; %ea%o#.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 2U%cS-a
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Shaa"u#;aa
C#,$i%h Q Hor%e "ur%$e#eP 8$u# $ea-ed Ho,Deed
1u<rai Q 2a%edoP 2a%edee
Hi#di Q Sa+ed !u#ar#a-aaP 1ada !oor#aa
)a##ada Q Maachchu,o#iP 2i#$ee; Du-e$$ad3i$u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q !u#dhari,he#u$i
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q I%ia
9ami$ Q Sharu##aiP Mu33araaiH)irai
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Roo% occur i# %ma$$ "iece% o+ / o =./ cm i# $e#,h a#d u"o 2 cm i# hic3#e%%R
exure rou,hR $e#ice$% do $i3e or %$i,h$; ra#%-er%e$; e$o#,aedP arra#,ed i# ra#%-er%e
roD%R co$our broD#P +re%h$; cu %ur+ace creami%h o $i,h broD#R odour a#d a%e #o
di%i#ci-e.
b) Micro%co"ic
Roo %hoD% a#amo$ou% %eco#dar; ,roDhR "eriderm "re%e# a#d co#%i%i#, o+
"he$$emP "he$$o,e# a#d "he$$odermR "ar o+ "he$$em a#d "he$$o,e# %$ou,hed o++ a#d
"he$$oderm mo%$; cru%hed bu +orm% a co#i#uou% $a;er arou#d he %e$ar re,io#R he
"he$$o,e# co#%i%% o+ 0 or / $a;er% o+ reca#,u$ar a#d a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$%R corex
com"o%ed o+ "are#ch;maou% ce$$% ha are u%ua$$; cru%hedR ra"hide% "re%e# i# %ome
ce$$% o+ corexR ce#re o+ he roo occu"ied b; x;$em co#%i%i#, mo%$; o+ -e%%e$%P +ibre%
a#d racheid%R co#ce#ric bu irre,u$ar ri#,% o+ cambiumP "ache% o+ x;$em a#d "h$oemP
a#d "are#ch;ma a$er#ae i# ur# oDard% he "eri"her;R medu$$ar; ra;% are #o di%i#cR
%arch abu#da# i# "are#ch;maR mo% o+ he %arch ,rai#% rou#ded or hemi%"herica$ i#
%ha"eR he com"ou#d %arch ,rai#%P hoDe-erP are %ca#;.
'(8
!oDder H 9he "oDder %hoD ra"hide% (u%ua$$; bro3e#) a#d +ra,me#% o+ +ibre%P a#d -e%%e$
member% %hoDi#, %ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#,%R %arch "re%e#.


9.&.C.
u%i#, o$ue#eQeh;$aceaeQaceic acid (/Q0./Q6./)P %hoD% u#der >.2. ('77#m) %"o% a R+
6.'=P 6./BP 6.46 (A$$ 8$ue). *# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deQ %u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d
heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 116
o
C %"o% a""ear a R+ 6.1B(1re;i%h 8$ac3)P 6./B
(1re;i%h 8$ac3)P 6.7B (8$ue)P 6.=B (!ur"$e).
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q )a"haharaP 2OaharaP 2iVa,h#aP !iaYOma3aP A,#idS"a3aP ?-arahara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H )umOr;O%a-a (A)P !u#ar#a-Od;riVTaP DhO#-a#ara 1h
UaP DOdhi3a 1hUa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H Jo"haP JohaP HUdro,aP )O%aP !OWXuP !$ShOro,aP SZ$aP Sar"a-iVaP
>dararo,aP 2UVci3a-iVaP 2iVa-i3OraP >rah3VaaP Ra3a 2i3OraP
!aii3a ?-araP COurhi3a<-araP JrO-aP 2Oa3a#Ta3aP 2idradhi
A$ar3a-iVaP MZVa3a-iVa
D*SC H /H1/ ,.

'(-
=4. 9ai$a"ar#ah(&+)
9AI&A!AR@AH (&ea+)
9ai$a"arWah co#%i%% o+ maure $ea+ o+ Cuca$;"u% ,$obu$u% &abi$$. (Fam.
M;raceae) a $ar,e ree aai#i#, a hei,h o+ B6 m or moreP #ai-e o Au%ra$iaP bu "$a#ed
Dor$d Dide a#d i#roduced i# Ni$,iri%P A#ama$ai a#d !a$#i hi$$%P Sim$a a#d Shi$$o#, a a#
a$iude o+ 1/66H2/66 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q NS$a#ir;O%aP C3a$i"hP Su,a#dha !arah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q 8$ue ,umP Cuca$;"u%
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q Eu3e$i"a%
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Eu33aa$imaram
Marahi Q Ni$,iri
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Eu33aa$imaram
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Dru, co#%i%% o+ maure $ea-e%P more or $e%% %cimiar %ha"edP hic3P $eaher;P
,re;i%hH,ree#P "eio$aeP u"o 27 cm $o#, a#d 0 cm broadR "eio$e% 2.6 o './ cm $o#,
a#d 6./ o 1./ mm hic3P %omeime% Di%edR a"ex acue o acumi#aeP ba%e obu%eR
midrib "romi#e#P "aricu$ar$; o# he $oDer %ur+aceR mar,i# o+ $ea+ e#ire a#d %omeDha
hic3e#edP bri$e a#d "o%%e%% #umerou% broD# o dar3 broD# cor3; Dar%. I# ra#%mied
$i,hP #umerou% oi$ ,$a#d% ca# be %ee# a% ra#%$u%ce# do%R u""er %ur+ace %moohP $oDer
%ur+ace %$i,h$; rou,h due o he "re%e#ce o+ "ro<eci#, -ei#%R -e#aio# H u#ico%ae
reicu$aeR $aera$ -ei#% a#a%amo%e #ear he mar,i# +ormi#, a co#i#uou% $i#eR odour
%ro#, a#d characeri%ic.
b) Micro%co"ic
&ea+ H 9.S. %hoD% ;"ica$ i%obi$aera$ %rucure% Dih Do or hree roD% o+ "a$i%ade ce$$%
o# boh u""er a#d $oDer %ide%P %ur+ace% %hoD hic3 cuic$eR #umerou% %u#3e# %omaa
'((
a#d $ar,e o-oid %chizo,e#ou% oi$ ca-iie% o+ 176 o 266 ? diam.R idiob$a%% "re%e# Dih
ro%ee% or "ri%maic ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%R ro%ee cr;%a$% 2/ o '/? i# %izeP
"ri%maic cr;%a$% 1/ o 2/? i# %izeR -a%cu$ar bu#d$e o+ midrib are cre%ce# %ha"ed Dih
o#e -a%cu$ar %ra#d "re%e# o# each %ideP a$$ ha-i#, i#erru"ed "ache% o+ %c$ere#ch;maR
cor3; Dar% com"ri%i#, o+ 16 or more $a;er% o+ ce$$%R $ami#ar; bu#d$e% e#c$o%ed i#
bu#d$e %heahP he ce$$% o+ Dhich exe#d o he e"idermi% o# boh %ide%R u""er a#d $oDer
e"iderma$ ce$$% ha-e %rai,h Da$$%R %omaa a#omoc;icR %omaa$ i#dex o# boh u""er
a#d $oDer %ur+ace / o 16R he "a$i%ade raio o# u""er %ur+ace / o 1= a#d $oDer %ur+ace '
o 7.

!oDder H Ee$$oDi%h broD#P +ree +$oDi#,P characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+ c$u%er a#d
"ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeR e"idermi% %rai,h Da$$ed Dih %u#3e# %omaaR
+iber% "re%e#.

9oa$ A%h No more ha# B "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
C%%e#ia$ oi$ No $e%% ha# 2 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.16

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ hexa#e exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ 76 F 2/0 "$ae u%i#, 9o$ue#e Q Aceo#e
(B/Q6/) %hoD% +our %"o% a R+ 6.22P 6.'/P 6.01 a#d 6.0B o# %"ra;i#, Dih 2a#i$$i#H
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H C%%e#ia$ oi$ co#ai#i#, er"e#e% %uch a% 1P4 H ci#eo$eP cam"he#eP
%abi#e#eP m;rce#eP "Hme#ho#eP AHa#d GHer"i#e#eP +e#cho#eP AH CH
hu<o#eP cira$P -erbe#o#e.

2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP HUd;aP )a"haharaP MZra$aP !Oca#aP 2OaharaP
Dur,a#dhi#OYa3aP A,#imO#d;aP 8a$a"rada

.**
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H C3OdaYaYai3a"ra%O#iWS Fai$amP MahO%u,a#dhi3a
9ai$aP !acca-a3ra Ra%aP !acca,uWa 9ai$aP
MOraWdabhaira-a Ra%aP ?-aramOri Ra%a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP A,#imO#d;aP J-O%aP HUdro,aP ?-araP )UmiP )Va;aP !
Z;amehaP !$ShOro,aP !raiY;O;aP !ra-Ohi3OP S-arabhedaP
2iVama<-araP ?SrWa3O%aP 8a%iro,a
D*SC H 1H2 ,.

.*'
=B. 9i#i%ha (.d)
9INIJAH (.ood)
9i#iYah co#%i%% o+ Dood o+ *u,ei#ia oo<ei#e#%i% (Roxb.) Hochr. %;#. *.
da$ber,ioide% 8e#h. (Fam. Fabaceae)P a %ma$$ o medium %ized deciduou% reeP +ou#d i#
he ouer Hima$a;a% a#d %ub Hima$a;a# rac% +rom ?ammu o 8hua# u" o a# a$iude o+
1/66 m a#d exe#di#, hrou,h he Dho$e o+ he #orher# a#d ce#ra$ I#dia i#o ,reaer "ar
o+ Decca# !e#i#%u$a.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 9i#ihP S;a#da#ahP Rahadru
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 9i#i%h
C#,$i%h Q Sa#da#
1u<rai Q 9a#acha
Hi#di Q Sa#da#P Saa#a#aP 9i#i%aa
)a##ada Q )arimua$eP )a$aba#,aa
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q 9ou3araP Ma$a-e##a
Marahi Q 9ima%P S;a#da#
*ri;a Q 2a#<a#
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Nari-e#,aiP Nai"o#ai
9e$u,u Q 9e$$amou3uP Dar,u
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
.ood "iece% are rou,h$; cubic a#d abou 2 o ' cm i# %izeR ouer "ar ;e$$oD or
creamP i#er#a$ "ar $i,h o dar3 broD# i# co$ourR cu %ur+ace% are +ibrou%P Dood "iece%
de-oid o+ a#; odour.
b) Micro%co"ic
Sa" Dood H Di++u%e "orou%P -e%%e$% i# cro%% %ecio#% %o$iar;P i# %hor radia$
mu$i"$e% or i# c$u%er%P +ormi#, ob$iGue chai#%P abou '6 o 226 ? i# diam. Dih
reicu$ae hic3e#i#,% a#d %im"$e "i%P Dihou ,umm; de"o%i%R +reGue#c; o+ -e%%e$% "er
%G. mm i% 10 o 14R axia$ "are#ch;ma i% "ararachea$P a$i+ormP co#+$ue# H broad a#d
+i$$ed Dih %im"$e %arch ,rai#% 0 o 21 ? i# dia. Dih "romi#e# %riaio#% a#d %$i $i3e
ce#ric hi$umR +ibre% "re%e# i# "ache%R mar,i#a$ +ibre% "o%%e%% abu#da# "ri%maic
cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP 0 o 16 ? i# %izeR +ibre% are occa%io#a$$; %e"aeR ra;% u#iH o
.*.
mu$i%eriaeP heero,e#ou%P u%ua$$; homoce$$u$arP %ome ce$$% ma; co#ai# mi#ue %arch
,rai#% o+ abou 4 ? diam.R ce$$% co#ai# #o a##i#.
Hear Dood H 9.S. %hoD% -e%%e$% o+ %ame %ize a% ho%e o+ %a" Dood bu are u%ua$$; +i$$ed
Dih broD#i%h ,umm; maeria$ a#d "o%%e%% bordered "i%R +reGue#c; o+ -e%%e$% "er %G.
mm i% 7 o 4R axia$ "are#ch;ma i% "ararachea$P a$i+orm a#d i% u%ua$$; +i$$ed Dih
broD#i%h %ub%a#ce bu $ac3 %arch ,rai#%R mar,i#a$ +ibre% co#ai# abu#da# "ri%maic
cr;%a$% o+ %ame %ize a% ob%er-ed i# he %a"DoodP ra;P axia$ "are#ch;ma a#d +ibre%
co#ai# a##i#%.

!oDder H 8roD#P +ibrou%P +ree +$oDi#,P characerized b; he "re%e#ce o+ %e-era$ $um"% o+
broD# ,umm; maeria$P x;$em "are#ch;maP medu$$ar; ra; ce$$%P %im"$e %arch ,rai#%P
x;$em -e%%e$% Dih %e-era$ %ma$$ %$i $i3e "i% a#d +ibre% co#ai#i#, cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium
oxa$ae.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ meha#o$ exrac o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae u%i#, dieh;$ eher Q hexa#e
(=4Q22) %hoD% %ix %"o% a R+ 6.0=P 6./6P 6.72P 6.7/P 6.=2 a#d 6.47 o# %"ra;i#, Dih
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H F$a-o#oid% mai#$; homo+erreiri# a#d ou,ei#i#.

Ra%a Q )aVO;a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )uVha,h#aP MedoharaP !iaharaP Ra%O;a#aP 2iVa,h#aP 2raWaro"aWaP
)a"haYoVaWaP JoWia%hO"a#a

.*0
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H A;a%3Ui

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JohaP J-iraP DOhaP )UmiP )uVThaP Medoro,aP !ramehaP
!ra-Ohi3OP Ra3Oi%OraP Ra3a"iaP Ra3a-i3OraP 2raWaP
AiYaraP !OWduro,a
D*SC H /6 H 166 m$ )-Oha.

.*)
46. 9i#idi3a (Aeria$!ar )
9IN9IA:)AH (Aeria$ !ar)
9i#iXS3ah co#%i%% o+ maure dried aeria$ "ar o+ Rhu% "ar-i+$ora Roxb. (Fam.
A#acardiaceae)P a# e-er,ree# or %ubHdeciduou% %hrub commo#$; +ou#d o# he dr; ho
%$o"e% o+ Hima$a;a% +rom !u#<ab o Ne"a$ a#d i# he hi$$% o+ !e#i#%u$ar I#dia a a# a$iude
o+ 766H2166 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 9i#iXS3a
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q Sumac
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q 9u#,a$aaP Sama3ada#aP Raiu#,
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q HH
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q )hae Ma%oorP Raiu#,P 9u#,aa
9ami$ Q HH
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
>rdu Q Sumaa3
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Sem H Eou#, %em bra#chedP reddi%hHbroD#P ome#o%eR %em "iece% 16 o 1/ cm $o#,
a#d u"o 0 cm i# diam.P o$d o#e% Dood; Dih $o#,iudi#a$ %riaio#% a#d ,$a#du$ar
"roubera#ce%P ,ree#i%hHbroD#P bar3 %e"arab$e +rom DoodP i##er %ur+ace o+ bar3 reddi%hH
broD#P Dood $i,h broD# i# co$ourR +racureP hard a#d +ibrou%.
&ea+ H 9ri+o$iae Dhe# i#acP $ea+$e% e$$i"icP ob$o#,P obo-aeP "eio$aeP "eio$e 2./ o
'./ cm i# $e#,hP ome#o%eP ermi#a$ $ea+$e $ar,eP obo-aeP = o 4./ cm i# $e#,hP ' or 0
cm broadP raher hic3P ba%a$ mar,i# e#ire a#d cu#eaeP u""er coar%e$; a#d irre,u$ar$;
cre#aeP "ube%ce#P $aera$% re$ai-e$; broader a#d more rou#ded a ba%eP %e%%i$eP
"ube%ce# a#d %mooh.
Frui H Dru"eP o-a$P ;e$$oDi%hH,ree# o broD#i%hH,ree#P ,$abrou%P %hi#i#,P +rui% "re%e#
o# "a#ic$e%R ca$;x "er%i%e#R +rui Dri#3$ed.
.*7
b) Micro%co"ic
Sem H 9.S. %hoD% cor3P corex a#d %e$eR "ache% o+ corica$ +ibre%P %ecreor; ca#a$% a#d
rhomboid cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP mea%uri#, abou 1' ? De$$ di%ribued i# he
corexR x;$em i# he +orm o+ a co#i#uou% c;$i#der ra-er%ed b; u#i or bi%eriae
medu$$ar; ra;%R border "ied a#d %ca$ari+orm -e%%e$% "re%e#R $i,#i+ied +ibre% %e"aeP
mea%uri#, '66 o ==6 ? i# $e#,h a#d u"o /6 ? i# DidhR "ih "are#ch;maou%P
"o%%e%%i#, a##i#%P %arch ,rai#% a#d rhomboid cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$ae.
!eio$e H 9.S. %hoD% a %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi% co-ered Dih cuic$eR abu#da#
u#ice$$u$ar a#d mu$ice$$u$arP u#i%eriae richome% mea%uri#, '6 o '76 ? i# $e#,h a#d
16 o 26 ? i# DidhR corex co#%i%i#, o+ ' or 0 $a;er% o+ co$$e#ch;maou% ce$$% a#d / or
7 $a;er% o+ "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P %ome ce$$% o+ co$$e#ch;ma a#d "are#ch;ma co#ai#
rhomboida$ cr;%a$% o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP mea%uri#, u"o 26 ?R co$$aera$ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%
1/ o 1= i# #umberP %urrou#di#, a ce#ra$ "are#ch;maou% "ih a#d ca""ed b; a# arch o+
"eric;c$ic +ibre%R %ecreor; ca#a$% "re%e# i# "h$oem re,io#.
Midrib H 9.S. %hoD% %i#,$e $a;ered e"idermi%P co-ered Dih cuic$eR #o#,$a#du$arP
u#ice$$u$ar a#d u#i%eriaeP mu$ice$$u$ar richome% abu#da#$; "re%e# o# he e"idermi%P
+o$$oDed b; co$$e#ch;maou% i%%ueR -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% / o = i# #umberP arra#,ed i# a
circ$eP co#<oi#P co$$aera$P each ca""ed b; a# arch o+ +ibre%R %ecreor; ca#a$% "re%e# i#
"h$oem re,io#R "ih co#%i%% o+ "are#ch;maou% ce$$%.
&ami#a H 9.S. %hoD% dor%i-e#ra$ %rucureP e"iderma$ ce$$% com"o%ed o+ cubica$ o
%$i,h$; e$o#,aed a#d reca#,u$ar ce$$%P exer#a$$; co-ered Dih cuic$eR be$oD u""er
e"idermi% 2 or ' $a;er% o+ "a$i%ade "are#ch;ma "re%e#R $oDer e"idermi% %i#,$e $a;ered
Dih hic3 cuic$eR u#ice$$u$ar a#d u#i%eriaeP mu$ice$$u$ar richome% "re%e# o# boh
%ur+ace%P mea%uri#, u"o 266 ? i# $e#,h a#d abou '6 ? i# DidhR "a$i%ade "are#ch;ma
+o$$oDed b; $oo%e$; arra#,ed %"o#,; "are#ch;ma ce$$%R me%o"h;$$ ra-er%ed b; -a%cu$ar
bu#d$e%R each -a%cu$ar bu#d$e %urrou#ded b; bu#d$e %heahP exe#di#, +rom u""er
e"idermi% o $oDer e"idermi% a% bu#d$e %heah exe#%io#. I# %ur+ace -ieD $oDer
e"idermi% %hoD% a#omoc;ic ;"e o+ %omaa Dhi$e u""er e"idermi% i% de-oid o+
%omaaR %omaa$ i#dex 7 o 16 o# $oDer e"idermi%R -ei# i%$e #umber 12 o 1/R "a$i%ade
raio 2 o 0.

!oDder H 8roD#P odour %$i,h$; %ro#,P %omeDha acrid i# a%eR +ra,me#% o+ "a$i%ade
i%%ueP ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%P richome%P %arch ,rai#%P bordered "ied -e%%e$% a#d
-e%%e$% ha-i#, %ca$ari+orm hic3e#i#,%.
.*,

AcidHi#%o$ub$e a%h No more ha# 6.= "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.

9.&.C.
ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$Q aceic acid (46Q26Q2) %hoD% u#der >2 (2/0 #m) %ix %"o% a R+.
6.11P 6.14P 6.2BP 6./0 (a$$ broD#)P 6.46 a#d 6.B1 (boh ;e$$oDi%h ,ree#). >#der >2
('77#m) %e-e# +$uore%ce# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.11P 6.14P 6.2BP 6./0P 6.=6 (a$$ broD#)P
6.46 a#d 6.B1 (boh "i#3). *# ex"o%ure o iodi#e -a"our ei,h %"o% a""ear a R+.
6.11("i#3i%h broD#)P 6.1/P 6.22 (broD#)P 6.'4P 6.70P 6.=0P 6.46 a#d 6.B1 (a$$ ;e$$oDi%h
broD#). *# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ +erric ch$oride %o$uio# %e-e# %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.1/P
6.20 (boh ,ree#)P 6.01 (+ai# broD#)P 6./0 (b$ue)P 6.=' (+ai# broD#) 6.4' a#d 6.B1 (boh
broD#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9a##i#% (1a$$ic acid)R +$a-o#e% (m;ricei#P Guercei#P m;riciri#P
Guerciri#P 3am"+ero$)R ,$;co%ide% (i%orhm#ei#H'HAH&H
arabi#o%ide)

Ra%a Q Am$a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q Am$a
)arma Q DS"a#aP 1rOhSP ?-ara,h#aP )a"ha-OaharaP !ia3araP Roca#aP
2Oahara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Ea-O#i LOXa-aP Hi#,u-acOdi CZrWaP SrS ROmabOWa
Ra%a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H A,#imO#d;aP AruciP Ai%OraP !ra-Ohi3OP 9UVWOP 2Oa-i3Ora
D*SC H ' H 7 ,.

.*8
41. 9ra"u%ha (Sd)
9RA!>LAF (Seed)
9ra"uVab co#%i%% o+ dried %eed o+ Cucumi% %ai-u% &i##. (Fam. Cucurbiaceae)P a#
a##ua$ rai$i#, or c$imbi#, "$a#P #umerou% -arieie% Dide$; cu$i-aed hrou,hou I#dia
u"o a# a$iude o+ 1266 m. 9he %eed% are de-oid o+ muci$a,e#ou% ouer $a;er.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q J-ea3arahaTa3abP SudhO-O%ahP Mura$abP )a#Ta3i"ha$am
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )%heeraaP Sha%haa
C#,$i%h Q Cucumber
1u<rai Q 9aa#%$ee
Hi#di Q )heeraa
)a##ada Q Mu$$u%a-eP Sa#e3aa;i
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q 2e$$ari
Marahi Q 9au%eP )hiraa
*ri;a Q )a#iaa$i )aa3udi
!u#<abi Q )hiraa
9ami$ Q 2e$$ari33aa;P !i""i#3aa;
9e$u,u Q )hira3a;a
>rdu Q )heeraa
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Seed% com"re%%edP e$o#,aedP e$$i"%oidP dor%i-e#ra$$; co#-ex a#d $aera$$;
rid,edR %ize -ariab$eP abou a cm or occa%io#a$$; more i# $e#,h a#d u"o 6./ cm DideR
micro";$e "oi#edP di%i#c$; -i%ib$eR ouer %ur+ace ,$o%%;P bri$eP "ee$ab$eR ;e$$oDi%hH
DhieR 3er#e$P oi$;P creami%hHDhieR a%eP mi$d$; %DeeP oi$;R #o %$i""er; o ouch Dhe#
moi%e#edQ odourP #i$.
b) Micro%co"ic
*uermo% $a;er o+ e%a ab%e#R h;"odermi% %c$ere#ch;maou%P Do $a;eredP ouer
$a;er o+ %ma$$P circu$arP %o#e ce$$%P i##er $a;er o+ $ar,eP o-a$P hic3 Da$$edP %riaedP
$i,#i+ied %c$ereid% "$aced a ri,h a#,$e o ouer $a;erR a $ar,e zo#e o+ aere#ch;ma +i$$ed
Dih $oo%e$; "ac3ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R co;$edo# $i#ed b; com"ac $a;er o+
cuicu$arized hi# Da$$ed e"idermi%P co;$edo# o+ %e-era$ $a;er% o+ e$o#,aedP c$o%e$;
"ac3ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P $ar,e$; hexa,o#a$P "ac3ed Dih a$euro#e ,rai#%P %arch a#d
+a ,$obu$e%R i##ermo% Do $a;er% much more e$o#,aedP "a$i%ade $i3eP a#d di%i#cR each
.*-
co;$edo# %hoD% +i-e di%i#c "ache% o+ %ma$$P hi# Da$$edP "o$;,o#a$ ce$$% "re%e#
midDa;P i# a rou,h$; ra"ezia$ %ha"e.
!oDder H Creami%hHDhie o $i,hH,ree#P oi$;P %hoD% ,rou"% o+ ;e$$oDi%hP Da-;HDa$$ed
%c$ereid% +rom e%a i# %ur+ace -ieDP a$%o i%o$aed o#e%R +ra,me#% o+ "are#ch;maou%
ce$$%R a##u$ar or %"ira$ x;$em -e%%e$% i# ,rou"%R abu#da# oi$ ,$obu$e%P a$euro#e ,rai#%P
a#d %arch ,rai#%.


9.&.C.
u%i#, ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$ (26Q6./) %hoD% %"o% a R+ 6.'1 ("ur"$e)P 6.06 (broD#)P 6.04
("ur"$e)P 6./2 ($i,h "ur"$e)P 6.76 ("ur"$e)P 6.=6 ($i,h ,re;) a#d 6.=4 ("i#3i%h broD#) o#
%"ra;i#, Dih -a#i$$i#H%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o
C +or abou e#
mi#ue%.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Fixed oi$ a#d %u,ar%.

2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q 8a$;aP )a"ha3araP MZra$aP 2Oa"iaharaP AbhiV;a#dSP M
Zraba%i-iYodha3aP A,#i%Oda#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H ChardiP MZra3UcchraP Ra3a-i3OraP MZra,hOaP
Ra3a"iaP Daurba$;aP DOhaP A#idrOP JirahYZ$aP J
Sa<-ara

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JSa<-araP A#idrOP ChardiP DOhaP Daurba$;aP MZra,hOaP MZra3
UcchraP Ra3a"iaP Ra3a-i3OraP JirahYZ$a
D*SC H 'H7 , "oDder.
.*(
42. 9u#i (S.83)
9N: (Sem 8ar3)
9Z#S co#%i%% o+ %em bar3 o+ Cedre$a oo#a Roxb. (Fam. Me$iaceae)P a $ar,eP
ra"id$; ,roDi#,P #ear$; e-er,ree# ree aai#i#, a hei,h u"o 14 mP a#d di%ribued i#
ro"ica$ Hima$a;a% +rom he I#du% ea%DardP a%ce#di#, o 1666 m a#d a$%o hrou,hou he
hi$$% o+ Ce#ra$ a#d Souher# I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Na#dS-U3VaP 9u#iP 9Z#aP Na#dS
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q 9oo#,aachha
C#,$i%h Q 9oo#P Red ceder
1u<rai Q 9oo#ee
Hi#di Q 9u#P 9oo#eeP 9u#i
)a##ada Q Ma#duri3eP )em"u 1a#da,heri
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Mada,iri-em"uP I3a#aP !au3ara#a
Marahi Q 9oo#eeP )ura3
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )aramu%u$iP She-a,i$ Ma$a-embu
9e$u,u Q Na#dicheuP 1a$ima#u
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8ar3 a-ai$ab$e i# $o#, "iece%P cha##e$$edP o+ -ar;i#, hic3#e%%R exer#a$ %ur+aceP
rou,h a#d ru,,ed due o ex+o$iaio# a#d -erica$ crac3%P +i%%uredP dar3 ,re; ha-i#,
$e#ice$%P i##er %ur+aceP redP $ami#aed a#d +ibrou%R +racureP +ibrou% a#d %"$i#er;R odourP
-er; mi$d a#d "$ea%a#R a%eP %har" a#d acrid.
b) Micro%co"ic
Sem bar3 %hoD% ex+o$iai#, cor3P 4 o 16 $a;er% co#%i%i#, o+ a#,e#ia$$;
e$o#,aedP radia$$; arra#,edP hi#HDa$$ed ce$$%R corexP 12 o 1/ $a;er% o+ reca#,u$ar
"are#ch;maou% ce$$%P ouer $a;er% ha-i#, ce$$% +i$$ed Dih %ma$$ ro%ee cr;%a$% o+
ca$cium oxa$ae a re,u$ar i#er-a$%R i##er $a;er% o+ corex o+ i%odiameric ce$$% ha-i#,
abu#da# $ar,er ro%ee cr;%a$%R occa%io#a$$; %o#e ce$$% ma; be "re%e# i# ouer corexR
"h$oem +ibre% abu#da# i# "ache%P hic3 Da$$edR medu$$ar; ra;% #arroDP ,e#era$$;
bi%eriaeR %arch ,rai#%P %im"$e or com"ou#dP "re%e# i# corica$ re,io#.
.'*
!oDder H &i,h reddi%hHbroD#R %hoD% occa%io#a$ +ra,me#% o+ cor3 ce$$%R +ibre%P $ar,eP
abu#da# i# ,rou"%P a +eD i%o$aedP $i,#i+ied Dih di%i#c $ume#P i"% b$u#$; "oi#ed or
ha-i#, di%i#c i#de#aio#R %o#e ce$$%P +eDP o+ -ar;i#, %ha"e%P e$o#,aed o
i%odiamericR "h$oem "are#ch;maP hi#HDa$$edP co#ai#i#, ca$cium oxa$ae ro%ee% a#d
"ri%m%R abu#da# "ri%maic a#d ro%ee ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%P ro%ee% o+ -ar;i#, %ize%
mea%uri#, 11 o 76 ?P "ri%m%P %ma$$R %arch ,rai#%P %im"$e or com"ou#d ha-i#, 2 o 7
com"o#e#%P 'Hcom"o#e# ,rai#% mo% commo#P rou#d a#d o-a$ mea%uri#, u"o 16 ? i#
dia.P c$e+ hi$um.

.aerH%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# B "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.=.

9.&.C.
u%i#, "ero$eum eher Q hexa#e Q eh;$ aceae Q +ormic acid (16Q'6Q1/Q1) %hoD% %"o% a
R+. 6.'0P 6.00P 6./= a#d 6.44 (a$$ "ur"$e) o# %"ra;i#, Dih -a#i$$i#H%u$"huric acid rea,e#
a#d heai#, he "$ae a 16/
o

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9rier"e#oid%.

1u#a Q &a,hu
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 1rOhSP )a"haharaP MedoharaP !iaharaP 8ha,#a%a#dhO#a3a


9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H DOhaP 1aWXamO$OP )aWXuP )uVThaP !ramehaP Ra3a"iaP
Ra3a-i3OraP 2iVa-i3OraP 2raWaP Eo#iro,aP 8O$a !ra-Ohi3OP
J-ea3uVThaP Medo-i3Ora
D*SC H 'H7 , 3-OhaH16H26 m$.

.''
4'. 2a#da(&+)
2AND (&ea+)
2a#dO co#%i%% o+ he dried $ea+ o+ De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##. +.) Ci#,%h. %;#.
&ora#hu% +a$cau% &i##. +. (Fam. &ora#haceae)P a# e"i"h;eP mo%$; o# +rui ree%P a#d
di%ribued hrou,hou I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 2U3VOda#SP 8a#dO3aP 2U3VaruhOP SabharVO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Maa#daa
C#,$i%h Q Mi%$eoe
1u<rai Q 8aa#do
Hi#di Q 8a#daa
)a##ada Q 8a#da#i3eP 8a#dhu$u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Ii33a##iP Ii$
Marahi Q 8aa#da,u$P 8a#da
*ri;a Q 2rudho#,o
!u#<abi Q !u$$uri
9ami$ Q 8aada#i3aaP ?iddu
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
&ea-e% "eio$aeP ex%i"u$aeP o""o%ieP decu%%aeP %im"$eP o-ae o ob$a#ceo$aeP
,$abrou%P %o+ a#d $eaher; Dhe# ;ou#,P bri$e Dhe# dr;R mar,i# e#ireR ba%e decurre#R
a"ex acueR %$i,h$; a%ri#,e#R odour re%emb$i#, ho%e o+ ea$ea-e%.
b) Micro%co"ic
9ra#%-er%e %ecio# o+ he $ea+ %hoD% a hic3 cuic$eP u""er a#d $oDer e"idermi%
com"o%ed o+ %Guari%h ce$$% Dih co#-ex "eric$i#a$ ouer Da$$%R %ur+ace -ieD% o+ u""er
a#d $oDer #ear$; %imi$arR %omaa "arac;icP "re%e# o# boh %ur+ace%R me%o"h;$$ o+
$ami#a co#%i%i#, o+ 2 o 0 $a;er% i##er o u""er a#d $oDer e"idermi% made u" o+
com"ac$; arra#,ed %hor reca#,u$ar ce$$% a#d irre,u$ar$; arra#,ed "are#ch;ma ce$$% o+
midd$e $a;er% bu "o%%e%i#, a +eD i#erce$$u$ar %"ace%R occa%%io#a$ -a%cu$ar %ra#d%
"a%%i#, hrou,h hi% midd$e "orio#R i%o$aed %c$ereid% abou /6 ? hic3 co#ai#i#,
"ri%maic cr;%a$% o+ abou 12 ? "re%e# i# "are#ch;maR midrib bu$d,i#, "romi#e#$; o#
boh he %ur+ace% a#d co#ai#i#, a ,rou" o+ ' o / -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%R x;$em o+ -a%cu$ar
bu#d$e% orie#ed oDard% u""er e"idermi% a#d co#%i%i#, o+ racheid%P -e%%e$% a#d
"are#ch;maR "h$oem "re%e# oDard% $oDer e"idermi% a#d co#%i%i#, o+ hi# Da$$ed
.'.
ce$$%R bu#d$e %heah ab%e#R each -a%cu$ar bu#d$e a%%ociaed Dih "ach o+
co$$e#ch;maou% ce$$% ou%ide he "h$oemR a##i# (ra#,i#, +rom ;e$$oD o broD# i#
co$our) abu#da# i# "are#ch;ma ce$$% o+ midrib a#d $ami#a re,io#P e%"ecia$$; i# he 2 or
' %ube"iderma$ $a;er%R %omaa$ i#dex B o 1' o# u""er %ur+ace a#d 16 o 10 o# $oDer
%ur+ace.
!oDder H 9he "oDder %hoD% a#,u$ar e"iderma$ ce$$% a#d ,rou"% o+ hi# Da$$edP
reca#,u$arP c$o%e$; "ac3ed "are#ch;ma ce$$% ma#; o+ Dhich co#ai# a##i#%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ %o$ub$e exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#,
o$ue#e Q eh;$ +ormae Q +ormic acid (/Q0Q1) a% mobi$e "ha%e %hoD% u#der >.2. ('77 #m)
%"o% a R+. 6.67 (8roD#)R 6.'B(8$ue)R 6.07 (8$ue)R 6.// (Red)R 6.41 (!i#3). *# %"ra;i#,
Dih a#i%a$deh;deQ %u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 116
o
C
Do %"o% a""ear a R+ 6.'/(&i,h 1ree#)P 6.0/ (*ra#,e).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H &ea-e% co#ai# +$a-o#oid% %uch a% ûercei#P Guerceri#R9a##i#%
com"ri%i#, o+ ,a$$ic a#d chebu$i#ic acid.
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q Ju3ra<a#a#aP 1rOhSP )a"haharaP MZra-ireca#S;aP !iaharaP
Ra3Vo,h#aP Ra%O;a#aP 2OaharaP 2UV;aP 2raWaro"aWaP JramaharaP
Ner;aP 1raha#OYa#aP MaW,a$a3araP 1arbha%hO"a#a


9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H 8ha,a#daraP Hi33OP MZraro,aP Ra3a"iaP 2iVama<-araP
2iVaro,aP 2raWaP 2a#dh;a-aP 2OOHJmarS
D*SC H 16 H 26 m$ <uice.
.'0
40. 2a#da(S)
2AND (Sem)
2a#dO co#%i%% o+ he dried %em o+ De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##. +.) Ci#,%h. %;#.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 8a#dO3aP SabharVOP 2U3VOda#SP 2U3VaruhO
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Maa#daa
C#,$i%h Q Mi%$eoe
1u<rai Q 8aa#do
Hi#di Q 8a#daa
)a##ada Q 8a#dhu$uP 8ada#i3e
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q Ii$P Ii33a##i
*ri;a Q 2rudho#,o
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q !u$$uri
9e$u,u Q 8aada#i3aaP ?iddu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Sma$$ Di,% o+ aeria$ bra#che% ra#,i#, +rom 2 mm o 2./ cm i# hic3#e%%R he
bar3 o+ %em hi#P dar3 broD# a#d %"ec3ed Dih $i,her broD#P u#i+orm$; di%ribued
$e#ic$e%R he Dood reddi%hHbroD# a+er remo-a$ o+ hi# bar3R %em %$i,h$; rou,h o
ouchR +racure irre,u$arR +racured %ur+ace dar3 broD#R #o di%i#c a%e or odour.
b) Micro%co"ic
A ra#%-er%e %ecio# o+ %em re-ea$% a circu$ar ou$i#e Dih a hic3 cuic$eP a#d
e"idermi% made u" o+ %Guari%h or barre$ %ha"ed ce$$% Dih co#-ex ouer "eric$i#a$ Da$$%
a#d i#erru"ed here a#d here b; $e#icu$ar o"e#i#,%R cor3 made u" o+ hi#HDa$$edP
cru%hed reca#,u$ar ce$$%R corex co#%i%i#, o+ ma#; $a;er% o+ a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed a#d
rou#ded ce$$% i#er%"er%ed Dih %c$ereid% u"o 4/ ? i# %ize a#d i# ,rou"% o+ 2 o 0R ma#;
ce$$% o+ corexP e%"ecia$$; ho%e o+ ouer +eD $a;er% co#ai# a##i#% ra#,i#, i# co$our
+rom ;e$$oDP ora#,e o dar3 broD#R ,rou"% o+ "eric;c$ic +ibre% +orm a ri#, ou%ide
"h$oemR cambium "re%e#R x;$em %urrou#di#, he ce#ra$ "ih a#d com"o%ed o+ De$$
de-e$o"ed -e%%e$%P +ibre a#d "are#ch;maP 1 o 0 %eriae medu$$ar; ra;% com"o%ed o+
.')
radia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$% "re%e#R "ih co#%i%% o+ hi# Da$$edP rou#ded or "o$;,o#a$
"are#ch;maou% ce$$%R %ma$$ ,rou"% o+ %c$ereid%P u" o 4/ ? each i# %ize "re%e# i# boh
"ih a#d medu$$ar; ra;%R "ri%maic cr;%a$% "re%e# i# a%%ociaio# Dih %c$ereid% a#d
medu$$ar; ra; ce$$%.
!oDder H !oDder %hoD% -e%%e$ e$eme#% Dih %im"$e "ied hic3e#i#,%P ,rou"% o+
%c$ereid% co#ai#i#, "ri%maic cr;%a$% (%ize o+ cr;%a$ '6 o '/ ? $o#, a#d 1/ o 1= ?
Dide) a#d +ra,me#% o+ "are#ch;ma ce$$% co#ai#i#, a##i#%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ %o$ub$e exrac o+ he dru, i# ch$oro+orm a% a mobi$e "ha%e
%hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) %"o% R+ 6.1' (1re;)R 6.20 (1ree#)R 6.'/ (8$ue)R 6./7
(Ee$$oD)R 6.=7 (1re;)R 6.4/ (*ra#,e !i#3)R 6.B7 (!i#3).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Eou#, %hoo% co#ai# #ear$; 16 "er ce# a##i#% a#d he %em
co#ai#% Ham;ri#H6HaceaeP o$eo#o$ic acid i% meh;$ e%er aceaePH%io%ero$ a#d
%i,ma%ero$.

1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q JramaharaP Ju3ra<a#a#aP 1arbha%hO"a#aP 1rOhSP 1raha#OYa#aP
)a"haharaP MZra-ireca#S;aP MaW,a$a3araP Ner;aP !iaharaP
Ra3Vo,h#aP Ra%O;a#aP 2OaharaP 2UV;aP 2raWaro"aWa


9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H 8ha,a#daraP Hi33OP MZraro,aP Ra3a"iaP 2OOHJmarSP
2a#dh;a-aP 2iVama<-araP 2iVaro,aP 2raWa
.'7
4/. 2a#da(Aeria$ R.)
2AND (Aeria$ Roo)
2a#dO co#%i%% o+ he dried aeria$ roo o+ De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##. +.) Ci#,%h.
%;#. &ora#hu% +a$cau% &i##. +. (Fam. &ora#haceae)P a# e"i"h;eP mo%$; o# +rui ree%P
a#d di%ribued hrou,hou I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Maa#daa
C#,$i%h Q Mi%$eoe
1u<rai Q 8aa#do
Hi#di Q 8a#daa
)a##ada Q 8ada#i3eP 8a#dhu$u
)a%hmiri Q HH
*ri;a Q 2rudho#,o
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q !u$$uri
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Ad-e#iiou% roo ,re;i%h broD# ou%ideP ;e$$oDi%h o broD# i#%ideP %$e#derP
co#ored a#d 3#o; i# a""eara#ceP %e#di#, ou hau%oria i#o he ho% "$a# orP a$%o i#o
i% oD# bra#che%R rare$; bra#chedR +racureP irre,u$arR odour a#d a%e #o di%i#c.
b) Micro%co"ic
A ra#%-er%e %ecio# o+ ad-e#iiou% roo i% circu$ar i# ou$i#eR cuic$e a#d
e"idermi% %$ou,hed o++R ouermo% zo#e co#%i%% o+ bro3e# i%%ue o+ cor3 a#d corex
+o$$oDed b; cor3 cambium made o+ reca#,u$ar ce$$%R corex DideP ma#; $a;eredP made
o+ hi# Da$$ed rou#ded ce$$% a#d %e$ereid% u"o /6 ? %izeP "re%e# %i#,$; or i# ,rou"% o+ 2
o 0R ma#; ce$$% o+ corex co#ai# a##i#R "ache% o+ "eric;c$ic +ibre% %urrou#d he
-a%cu$ar ri#,R "h$oem com"o%ed o+ %ma$$ hi# Da$$ed ce$$% "re%e# ou%ide he x;$em a#d
%e"araed +rom i b; he -a%cu$ar cambiumR x;$em i#erru"ed b; %horP 1 or 2 %eriae
medu$$ar; ra;% com"o%ed o+ radia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$%R x;$em com"o%ed o+ %caered
-e%%e$%P "are#ch;ma a#d +ibre%R "ih DideP com"o%ed o+ rou#ded "are#ch;maou% ce$$%
i#er%"er%ed Dih hic3 Da$$ed +ibre% o+ abou / ? i# dia.
.',
!oDder H !oDder %hoD% racheid% a#d -e%%e$ member% Dih %im"$e "ied hic3e#i#,%P
bro3e# +ibre%R %o#e ce$$% Dih +ai# i#com"$ee radia$ %riaio#%P u"o /6 ? i# %ize a#d
co#ai#i#, "ri%maic cr;%a$%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ %o$ub$e exrac o+ he dru, o# %i$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm
hic3) u%i#, ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$ (46Q26) a% mobi$e "ha%e %hoD% u#der >.2. (a '77
#m) %"o% a R+ 6.'/ (8$ue)R 6./4 (8$ue)R 6.B6 (8$ue).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Caechi# a#d $eucoc;#idi# i# he bar3.

1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q JramaharaP Ju3ra<a#a#aP 1arbha%hO"a#aP 1rOhSP 1raha#OYa#aP
)a"haharaP MZra-ireca#S;aP MaW,a$a3araP Ner;aP !iaharaP
Ra%O;a#aP 2OaharaP 2UV;aP 2raWaro"aWa

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H MZra-ireca#S;a )OVO;a CZrWa


.'8
47. 2a#da(F$)
2AND (F$oDer)
2a#dO co#%i%% o+ +$oDer% o+ De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##.+.) Ci#,%h. %;#.
&ora#hu% +a$cau% &i##. +. (Fam. &ora#haceae)P a %emiH"ara%ieP mai#$; o# +rui ree%P a#d
SEN*NEMS

A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Maa#daa
C#,$i%h Q Mi%$eoe
1u<rai Q 8aa#do
Hi#di Q 8a#daa
)a##ada Q 8ada#i3eP 8a#dhu$u
)a%hmiri Q HH
*ri;a Q 2rudho#,o
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q !u$$uri
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
F$oDer% aci#omor"hicP bi%exua$P re,u$arP com"$eeP co$ouredP a"ea$ou%P e"i,;H
#ou% Dih cu" or di%c %ha"ed rece"ac$eP "e#amerou%R "eria#hHe"a$% /P +ree a#d %ra"
%ha"ed oDard% he di%a$ e#d a#d i# he +orm o+ a %ic3$eH%ha"ed ube oDard% he ba%a$
e#dR %urrou#ded a he ba%e b; a cu"H%ha"ed ca$;xR he "eria#h ube mea%ure% abou 06
o // mm i# $e#,hR i i% #arroD a he ba%e a#d ,radua$$; Dide#% oDard% he u""er "arR
he "eria#h $obe% become %ro#,$; re+$exed a mauri;. I#%ide he "eria#h ube are /
cu%hio# %ha"ed #ecari#e%R a#droecium %ame#% /P e"i"h;$$ou%P %ari#, +rom DoHhird%
o+ $e#,h o+ "eria#h ube a#d co#i#ui#, o he i" o+ "eria#h $obe%P a""re%%ed o he
%;$e i# ;ou#, +$oDer%R +i$ame#% ora#,e co$ouredR a#her% mo#ohecou%P dar3P ba%i+ixedR
,;#oecium o-ar; 1P i#+eriorP ob%cure$; u#i$ocu$arR %;$e $o#,P +i$ame#ou%R %i,ma
ca"iaeR "$ace#aio# ba%a$P o#e o-u$e i# each $ocu$e.

.'-
b) Micro%co"ic
!oDder H 9he "oDder %hoD% characeri%ica$$; riradiaeP %mooh Da$$edP "o$$e#
,rai#% u"o 0/ ? i# %ize a#d ha-i#, a de"re%%io# i# he ce#re a di%a$ e#d o+ each armP
a#d e#dohe$ia$ i%%ue.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# Si$ica ,e$ ]1] "$ae (6.2 mm hic3) u%i#, o$ue#e
Q eh;$+ormae Q +ormic acid (/Q0Q1) a% mobi$e "ha%e %hoD% u#der >.2. (a '77 #m)
%"o% a R+ -a$ue 6.11P 6.17P 6.27 (8$ue)P 6.0/ (!i#3). *# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;de Q
%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d o# heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 116
o
C %"o% a R+.
6.6= (8$ac3)R 6.12 (1ree# 8$ac3)R 6.22 (8$ue)R 6.'1 (Ee$$oD)R 6.06 (Ee$$oD)R 6.44
(1ree#) a""ear.

1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q Ra3Vo,h#aP JramaharaP Ju3ra<a#a#aP 1arbha%hO"a#aP 1rOhSP
1raha#OYa#aP )a"haharaP MZra-ireca#S;aP Ner;aP !iaharaP
Ra%O;a#aP 2OaharaP 2UV;aP 2raWaro"aWa


D*SC H 16 H 26 m$ <uice

.'(
4=. 2a#daFr.)
2AND (Frui)
2a#dO co#%i%% o+ he dried +rui o+ De#dro"hhoe +a$caa (&i##. +.) Ci#,%h. %;#.
SEN*NEMS

A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Maa#daa
C#,$i%h Q Mi%$eoe
1u<rai Q 8aa#do
Hi#di Q 8a#daa
)a##ada Q H
)a%hmiri Q Ii33a##iP Ii$
Ma$a;a$am Q 8aa#da,u$P 8a#da
Marahi Q 2rudho#,o
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q !u$$uri
9ami$ Q 8aada#i3aaP ?iddu
9e$u,u Q ?ee-a3amu
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he +rui i% a# o-ae "%eudo berr;P u"o ' mm i# hic3#e%% a#d ' o 4 mm i#
$e#,hR ,ree#i%hH;e$$oD Dhe# maure a#d ur#i#, broD# Dhe# dr;R he o" o+ he +rui i%
croD#ed b; a "er%i%e# ca$;cu$u%R he +rui co#ai#% a# e$o#,aedP +$a%3H%ha"ed %eed
u"o / mm $o#, a#d 2 mm hic3P ru,o%eP broD#P hardP a#d e#c$o%ed i# a %hi#;P -i%cid
+i$m.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ he "%eudoberr; %hoD% he ouer i%%ue% o+ ha$amu% %e"araed b; a zo#e
o+ -i%cid ma%% +rom he i##er i%%ue% o+ he %eed. Frui i%%ue co#%i% o+ a# ouer e"icar"
+ormed o+ a %i#,$e $a;er o+ e"idermi% com"o%ed o+ %Guari%h or rou#dedP hic3$;
cuicu$arized ce$$% +o$$oDed b; ' or 0 $a;er% o+ hic3 Da$$edP $ar,ed %izedP %Guari%h ce$$%
co#ai#i#, a##i#%R me%ocar" co#%i% o+ mu$i"$e $a;er% o+ %ma$$ re$ai-e$; c$ear ce$$%
Dih i#er%"er%ed ,rou"% o+ %o#e ce$$%. Frui Da$$ de$imied i#%ide b; mu$i"$e $a;er% o+
$ar,eP rou#dedP hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% co#ai#i#, ;e$$oD o dar3 broD#
a##i#%R he %eed co#%i%% o+ a# ouer -i%cid zo#e de$imied oDard% i#%ide b; a ri#, o+
..*
i%%ue% made o+ %e-era$ $a;er% o+ i%odiameric ce$$% mo%$; co#ai#i#, broD# "i,me# i#
ouer 2 or ' $a;er% a#d a ri#, o+ -a%cu$ar bu#d$e%. I##er o hi% i% a zo#e com"ri%i#, o+
radia$$; e$o#,aedP com"ac$; arra#,ed hi#HDa$$ed ce$$% rich i# %arch oDord% he
ce#erR ce#re o+ he %eed occu"ied b; a ma%% o+ u#i+ormP i%odiamericP "are#ch;maou%
embr;o#ic ce$$%.
!oDder H Ce$$u$ar debri% a#d %o#e ce$$% Dih circu$ar %riaio#% 26 o '/ ? are %ee#P
,rou"% o+ ce$$% co#ai#i#, a##i#% a$%o "re%e#.

A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 1= "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.

9.&.C.
o$ue#eQ eh;$aceaeQ aceic acid (/Q0./Q6./)P %hoD% u#der >.2. ('77#m) %"o% a R+. 6.2'
(1re;i%h 8$ac3)P 6./=P 6.=2 (!i#3)P 6.41 (8$ue)P 6.4B (!i#3). *# %"ra;i#, Dih
a#i%a$deh;deH %u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d o# heai#, he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 116I C
%"o% a""ear a R+. 6.22P 6.'= (8$ue)P 6./2 (!ur"$e)P 6./= (1re;i%h 8$ac3)P 6.7=P 6.=2
(Dar3 8$ue)P 6.=/ (!ur"$e).

1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q 1rOhSP )a"haharaP !iaharaP Ra%O;a#aP 2OaharaP 2UV;aP 2iVa,h#aP
2raWaro"aWaP Ra3Vo,h#a JramaharaP 1raha#OYa#a


9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AYmarSP ArYaP )aWTharo,aP MZra,hOaP MZra3UcchraP M
Zraru<OP Neraro,aP Ra3a"iaP S$S"adaP 2Oara3aP
2Oa-i3OraP 2ra#aP MZraYar3arOP 1arbha%rO-aP So"haro,aP
mOi%OraP 2iVam<-ara
D*SC H 16 H 26 m$.
..'
44. 2a#;a<ira3a(Fr)
2ANEA?:RA)A (Frui)
2a#;a<Sra3a co#%i%% o+ dried +rui o+ Ce#raherum a#he$mi#icum (&.) )u#ze
(Fam. A%eraceae)P a# a##ua$P robu%P erec herbP +ou#d hrou,hou I#dia u"o 14/6 m i#
Hima$a;a a#d )ha%i hi$$% a#d o+e# cu$i-aed.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q raW;a<Sra3ahP 8Uha"O$SP SomarO<SP 2a#a<Sra3ah
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Somaraa<
C#,$i%h Q !ur"$e F$eba#eP .orm Seed F$eaba#e
1u<rai Q )aa$ee<eereeP )ada-i<eeree
Hi#di Q )aa$i<eereeP )ara<iriP Soharaai
)a##ada Q )aadu<eera,eP )aari<iri,e
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )rimi%haruP )au<ira3am
Marahi Q )adu<ire
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q )aauchira3amP Chii$ai
9e$u,u Q Ada-i<i$a3aroaP 1arei3amma
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
9he +rui% are c;"%e$aP i#dehi%ce#P ' o / mm $o#, a#d 1 o 2 mm i# diameerR
a"eri#, oDard% ba%eP "a""u% "re%e# o-er +$ae#ed u""er e#dR %ur+ace exhibi% abou
26 $o#,iudi#a$ rid,e%P hair;P b$ac3i%hHbroD# o b$ac3 i# co$ourR a%eP bier a#d odour
i#di%i#c.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ +rui exhibi% abou 26 rid,e% a#d +urroD%R he e"idermi% i% %i#,$e $a;eredP
co-ered exer#a$$; Dih hic3 cuic$eR richome% are o+ Do ;"e% H co-eri#, a#d
,$a#du$arR co-eri#, richome% u#ice$$u$arP e$o#,aed Dih a"eri#, e#d%P "re%e# mo%$;
o# he rid,e%R ,$a#du$ar hair%P %e%%i$e Dih u#ice$$u$ar head% are %ee# i# he +urroD%R re%
o+ he "ericar" co#%i%% o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%R -a%cu$ar bu#d$e% are
"re%e# be$oD he rid,e%P +o$$oDed b; di%co#i#uou% a#d $aera$$; exe#di#, arche% o+
hic3 Da$$ed a#d $i,#i+ied %c$ere#ch;maou% i%%ue%R e%a i% %i#,$e $a;ered +o$$oDed b;
hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% o+ he co;$edo#P mo% o+ hem co#%i%i#, o+ a$euro#e
,rai#% a#d a +eD exhibi oi$ ,$obu$e%.
...
!oDder H 9he "oDder exhibi% +ra,me#% o+ +ibre%P +ibre %c$ereid%P %ca$ari+orm -a%cu$ar
e$eme#%P hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$% Dih a$euro#e ,rai#% a#d oi$ ,$obu$e%P
co-eri#, a% De$$ a% ,$a#du$ar richome% hi# Da$$ed radia$$; e$o#,aed ce$$% o+ "a""u%.

Forei,# maer No more ha# 2.6 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.2.
9oa$ A%h No more ha# =./ "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.

9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ "ero$eum eher exrac o# Si$ica 1e$ 1 76 "recoaed "$ae (Merc3)
u%i#, !ero$eum eher (76H46IC)R Dieh;$ eherQ Aceic acid (=6Q'2Q2)P %hoD% u#der >2
('77 #m) o#e %"o a R+. 6.04 ($i,h b$ue)R o# ex"o%ure o iodi#e -a"our% 0 %"o% a""ear
a R+. 6.04 (dar3 ora#,e)P 6./=P 6.74 a#d 6.40 (a$$ +ai# ora#,e)R a+er %"ra;i#, Dih /[
eha#o$ic %u$"huric acid a#d heai#, he "$ae a 116
o
C +or '6 mi#ue%P 0 %"o% a""ear a
R+. 6.04 (b$ac3) 6./=P 6.74 a#d 6.40 (a$$ +ai# broD#).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Sero$%P a-e#a%ero$ a#d -er#o%ero$P a bier "ri#ci"$eP e%%e#ia$
oi$Pre%i#% a#d +ixed oi$ co#%i%i#, o+ m;ri%icP "a$miicP %earicP
o$eicP $i#o$eic a#d -er#o$ic acid%
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q DS"a#aP )a"haharaP MZra$aP Sambha#aP 2OaharaP ?a#u#OYa3aP
Ner;a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Madhu%#uhS Ra%O;a#a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP Jo"haP J-O%aP 1u$maP Hi33OP ?-araP )O%aP )UmiP )uVThaP M
Zra,hOaP Ra3a-i3OraP 2raWaP )aWXZP S-ira3uVTha
D*SC H 1H' ,.

..0
4B. 2idari3a#da (9uber)
2IDR:)ANDA (9uber)
2idOrS3a#da i% he dried uber o+ !ueraria ubero%a DC. (Fam. Fabaceae)P a $ar,eP
"ere##ia$ c$imber Dih uberou% roo%P u"o 76 cm $o#, a#d '6 cm hic3P e-e# Dei,hi#,
u"o '/ 3,P +rom abou / or 16 3,R he; are di%ribued #ear$; hrou,hou I#dia.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q I3Vu,a#dhOP 2idOrS
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Shimi;aP Shimiabara<iP 8hui )umdo
C#,$i%h Q I#dia# )ud<u
1u<rai Q )ha3har-e$P 2idareeP 2idaree3a#d
Hi#di Q 2idaree)a#dP 8i$ai3a#dP Sura$P !aa$ )a#d
)a##ada Q HH
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q 8e#dri;a be$P 8i#dreeP 2e#dricha-e$
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q Sia$i
9ami$ Q Ni$"u%h#i )ezhu,u
9e$u,u Q Ne$a,ummudu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Dried cu "iece% o+ uberP ' o / cm $ar,eP 2 o 0 cm broad a#d +ibrou%R ouer
%ur+ace Dhere "re%e#P $i,h broD# i# co$ourR ouer %ur+aceP Dhere e"idermi% i% "re%e#P
i% $i,h broD# Dih ra#%-er%e Dar% a#d rid,e%R cu %ur+ace cream;R +$e%h;P ra#%-er%e
%ma$$ Dar% a#d rid,e% are +ou#d o# he %ur+aceP exure %moohR %Dee i# a%eP #o
"aricu$ar %me$$ (cu "iece% o+ he uber% o+ I"omoea di,iaaP %ub%iue o+ !. ubero%aP
are cubica$P %moohP $i,h cream i# co$our a#d ca# ea%i$; be di%i#,ui%hed).
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. o+ Dho$e roo uber i% %$i,h$; Da-; i# ou$i#eP e"idermi% #o di%cer#ib$eR '
o 0 $a;er% o+ cor3 ce$$%P +o$$oDed b; / o= $a;er% o+ "are#ch;maou% ce$$% "re%e#R cor3
cambiumHbroD# i# co$our a#d 2 or ' ce$$% hic3P e#dodermi% De$$ de-e$o"edR "eric;c$e
+ibrou% +o$$oDed b; 2 $a;er% o+ %o#e ce$$% +i$$ed Dih %a#d; cr;%a$%R "h$oem co#%i% o+
%ie-e ube%P com"a#io# ce$$%P "ache% o+ ba% +ibre% a#d "h$oem "are#ch;maR x;$em
"e#arch i# ;ou#, rooP co#%i% o+ -e%%e$% Dih %ca$ari+orm cro%% "er+oraio#P racheid%P
x;$em +ibre% a#d "are#ch;maR medu$$ar; ra;% broad a#d "are#ch;maou%. 9he medu$$ar;
..)
ra;% a#d "h$oem ce$$% are +i$$ed Dih %arch ,rai#% Dhich are "o$;,o#a$P 2 o / ?m i#
diameerP %im"$e or Do o ma#;Hcom"ou#dP hi$um u%ua$$; i#di%i#cP occa%io#a$$; a
ce#ra$ c$e+P $ame$$ae i#di%i#c. I# maceraed "re"araio# cr;%a$ +ibre% are
mu$ice$$u$arP aricu$aedP each ce$$ carr;i#, a cr;%a$ o+ ca$cium oxa$aeP %ome o+ he
aricu$aed +ibre% are %Do$$e# i# he midd$e $i3e a bu$b "i"ee.
!oDder H 1re;i%hHbroD#P #o characeri%ic odourP bier i# a%eR %hoD% "are#ch;ma
+i$$ed Dih %archP %e"ae +ibre% i# he +orm o+ cr;%a$% +ibre% a% De$$ a% %ha"ed bu$b $i3e
"i"eeR -e%%e$% Dih %im"$e a#d %ca$ari+orm cro%% "er+oraio# "$ae%P %o#e ce$$%P a#d
%arch a% de%cribed u#der micro%co";R "oDder reaed Dih 1N Na*H i# meha#o$ a#d
#iroHce$$u$o%e i# am;$aceae ,i-e% $i,h ,ree# +$uore%ce#ce u#der >2 2/0 #m.

Moi%ure co#e# No more ha# 16 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.B.
9oa$ a%h No more ha# 11 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.'.
Acid i#%o$ub$e a%h No $e%% ha# 1 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.0.
A$coho$ %o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# 1' "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.
Sarch No $e%% ha# 10 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.1'

9.&.C.
u%i#, o$ue#e Q eh;$ aceae Q meha#o$ (46 Q 26 Q 6./) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) b$ue
+$uore%ce# zo#e% a R+. 6.1BP 6.2/P 6.'0P 6.'4. *# %"ra;i#, Dih a#i%a$deh;deH%u$"huric
acid rea,e# a#d heai#, +or e# mi#ue% a 126
o
CP %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.1B (,ree#)P 6.'0
(Ma,e#a)P 6.0/ (,ree#)P 6.04 (b$ue)P 6.72 (b$ue)P 6.7= (red) a#d 6.B2 (dar3 "i#3).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H !erocar"a#Hubero%i#P "erocar"a#o#eHh;drox;ubero%o#eP Do
"erocar"e#e%Ha#h;droubero%i# a#d 'H*Hmeh;$a#h;droH
ubero%i#P a#d a coume%a# ubero%a#. A# i%o+$a-o#eH"ueraro#e
a#d a coume%a#H"ueraro%a#.
Ra%a Q Madhura
2ir;a Q JSa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q 8a$;aP HUd;aP ?S-a#S;aP MZra$P !iaharaP S-ar;aP 2O<S3araWaP
2OaharaP 2UV;aP 2arW;aP 8UhaWaP Sa#;aduP Ra%O;a#S
..7
IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H JaO-ar;Odi 1hUaP MahO-iVa,arbha 9ai$aP
Marma,ui3OP Ni;O#a#da Ra%aP
SOra%-aOriVTaP AY-a,a#dhOd;ariVTa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H JZ$aP DOhaP )O%aP )Va;aP MZra3UcchraP Ra3adoVaP Ra3a"iaP
2iVama<-araP 2i%ar"aP Ju3ra3Va;a
D*SC H 'H7 ,.

..,
B6. 2ira$a (S.83)
2IRA& (Sem 8ar3)
2ira$O co#%i%% o+ dried %em bar3 o+ Dio%";ro% ex%cu$"a 8uch. H Ham. %;#. D.
ome#o%a Roxb. (Fam. Cbe#aceae)P a %ma$$ or occa%io#a$$; $ar,e ree +ou#d di%ribued i#
%ubHHima$;a# racP Ra<a%ha#P Madh;a !rade%hP 8ihar a#d *ri%%a.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q 9i#du3ahP 9i#du3i
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q )e#dP 1aab
C#,$i%h Q 1aub !er%imo#P I#dia# !er%imo#
1u<rai Q 9imbaru
Hi#di Q 1aabhP 9e#duP )e#du
)a##ada Q Ho$iu"areP )u%haara
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q !a#chchiP !a#a#chiP !a#achcha
Marahi Q 9embura#i
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q 9e#du
9ami$ Q !a#ichchaiP 9umbi3a
9e$u,u Q 9i#du3iP 9umi3echeu
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
8ar3 a-ai$ab$e i# "iece% o+ -ariab$e $e#,h%P u%ua$$; 1 o 1./cm hic3P $i,h broD#
i# co$ourP %ur+ace u#e-e# Dih ex+o$iai#, reca#,u$ar %ca$e%P %$i,h$; cur-edP ouer
%ur+ace a%h co$ouredP i##er %ur+ace broD#i%hP %riae bu %moohR +racureP ,ra#u$arR
odourP characeri%icP a%eP %Dee a#d a%ri#,e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
9.S. %hoD% a hic3 "orio# o+ rh;idomeR cor3 co#%i%% o+ / or 7 $a;er% o+
a#,e#ia$$; e$o#,aed reca#,u$arP dor%o-e#ra$$; com"re%%ed hi# Da$$ed ce$$%P a +eD
%ro#,$; $i,i#i+ied a#d +i$$ed Dih reddi%h broD# ma%%e%R corex co#%i%% o+ 0 o 7 $a;er%
o+ hi# Da$$ed "are#ch;maou% ce$$%P ma#; co#ai#i#, "ri%maic ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$%P
mea%uri#, 26 o =6 ? a#d %arch ,rai#% abou 7 o 16 ?R a##i#i+erou% ce$$% "re%e#R
"h$oem ra-er%ed b; u#i%eriae medu$$ar; ra;%R %ie-e ube a%%ociaed Dih com"a#io#
ce$$%R "h$oem "are#ch;ma co#%i%% o+ ce$$% Dih hi#P dar3 reddi%h broD# Da$$% ma#; o+
he ce$$% co#ai# ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$% mo%$; "ri%maic ;"e bu a +eD c$u%er% a$%o
..8
ob%er-edR "ache% o+ +ibre% "re%e# Dih a +air$; $ar,e $ume#R %c$ereid% occur i# ,rou"% o+
4 o 16P o-a$ o e$o#,ae i# %ha"eP mea%uri#, 0/ o 1=/ ? i# $e#,h Dih hic3 %riaed
Da$$%P he $ume# i% -er; %ma$$ o+e# reduced o a $i#eR "i ca#a$% "re%e#.
!oDder HA%h co$ourP coar%eR +ra,me#% o+ hic3HDa$$ed cor3 ce$$% Dih de#%e broD#
co#e#R %c$ereid% e$o#,aed a#d o-a$ %ha"ed %hoDi#, "i ca#a$% Dih #arroD $ume#R
ca$cium oxa$ae cr;%a$ i# he +orm o+ "ri%m% a#d c$u%er%R a +eD ;e$$oDi%h a##i# ce$$%.


9.&.C.
9.&.C. o+ he a$coho$ic exrac o# "recoaed %i$ica ,e$ ]1] (C . Merc3 ,rade) "$ae
u%i#, Ch$oro+orm Q Aceo#e (B4 Q 2) %hoD% u#der >2 ('77 #m) Do +$uore%ce# zo#e% a
R+. 6.44 (b$ue) a#d 6.B' (,ree#). *# %"ra;i#, Dih A#i%a$deh;de H Su$"huric acid rea,e#
a#d heai#, he "$ae +or +i-e mi#ue% a 16/
o
C %ix %"o% a""ear a R+. 6.'2 ("i#3)P 6.0B
("i#3)P 6./7 (,re;)P 6.=1(dar3 "i#3)P 6.44 ("i#3) a#d 6.B' ("i#3).

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9rier"e#oid% (&u"eo$P 8eu$i#P 8eu$i#ic acidP *$ea#o$ic acid) a#d
Sero$.

2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q Madhura
)arma Q 1rOhSP )a"haharaP !iaharaP 2raWaro"aWaP ?ih-O<OX;a3araP
Sa-arWa3ara

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H Na;a,rodhOdi )-Oha CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H AruciP Ai%OraP 8ha,#aP Medoro,aP !ramehaP Ra3a"iaP >dardaP
2iba#dhaP 2raWaP Eo#iro,aP !iaro,aP )arWa%rO-aP A,#ida,dha
2raWaP Aida,dha 2raWaP 9UVaP Daha
D*SC H / H 16 ,.
..-
B1. 2i%ha$a (R)
2IJA& (Roo)
2iYa$O co#%i%% o+ dried roo o+ 9richo%a#he% braceaa (&am.) 2oi, (Fam.
Cucurbiaceae)P a $ar,e "ere##ia$P u"o B m i# hei,hP dioeciou%P bra#chedP Dood; e#dri$
c$imberP commo#$; ,roDi#, i# moi% hic3e% +rom he Hima$a;a% o he %ouhP a%ce#di#,
u"o a# a$iude o+ 2P/66 m.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q MahO3O$aP 1a-Oda#S
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q Maa3aa$
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q Raaaa# I#draa;a#
Hi#di Q Maa3aa$P Mahar )au#da$aP &a$ I#draa;a#P Maha3aa$
)a##ada Q A-a,udeha##u
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q )aa33ao#i
Marahi Q )au#da$P )a-a#da$
*ri;a Q Mahaa3aa$
!u#<abi Q )aehreeP Aa#3oraai
9ami$ Q )oraai
9e$u,u Q Crraa Chedu"ucca
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
.e$$ de-e$o"ed +ibrou% roo%P "a$e ;e$$oD o creami%hHbroD#P a-ai$ab$e i# "iece%P
0 o 1/ cm $o#,P 6.' o 2 cm hic3R c;$i#drica$ a#d %$i,h$; cur-edR dee"$; ,roo-ed
$o#,iudi#a$$;R exer#a$ %ur+aceP du%;P %hri-e$$edP rou,h due o ex+o$iai#, cor3P
$o#,iudi#a$ +i%%ure% a#d roo %car%R +racureP +ibrou%R a%eP bier a#d a%ri#,e#.
b) Micro%co"ic
RooH Roo %hoD% mu$iH$a;ered cor3P ouer $a;er% ex+o$iai#,P i##er o+
reca#,u$ar ce$$%P corex #arroD Dih a roD o+ %c$ereid% exer#a$$; a#d %hoD% "re%e#ce o+
"ache% o+ +ibre%R "h$oemP #arroD o+ %ma$$ "o$;,o#a$ ce$$%R bu$3 o+ roo com"o%ed o+
$ar,e rou#ded -e%%e$% arra#,ed i# radiai#, roD% i#er%"er%ed b; domi#a# %ra#d% o+
mu$i%eriae medu$$ar; ra;% +i$$ed com"$ee$; Dih %arch ,rai#%R "ih ab%e#.
!oDderH Dee" creami%hHbroD#R abu#da# %c$ereid% o+ -ariou% %ha"e%P mo%$; i# ,rou"%P
i%odiameric %c$ereid% 26 o '6 ?P hic3HDa$$ed Dih rou#d $ume#P %ro#,$; %riaedR
..(
+ibre%P %i#,$; a#d i# ,rou"%R cor3 ce$$%R De$$ de-e$o"ed reicu$ae$; hic3e#ed a#d
borderH"ied -e%%e$%R %arch ,rai#%P mo%$; %im"$e.


9.&.C.
u%i#, ch$oro+orm Q meha#o$ (BQ1) %hoD% %"o% a R+ 6.17P 6.02P 6.7'P 6.7BP 6.== a#d 6.4'
(a$$ "ur"$e) o# %"ra;i#, Dih -a#i$$i#H%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#, he "$ae a
16/
o

C*NS9I9>CN9S H Sa"o#i#%P richo%a#hi#.

Ra%a Q )aTuP 9i3a
1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP !iaharaP 2Oma3aP 2iVa,h#aP !ra%Zi3Ua

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H !O#S;a )a$;aWa3a 1hUaP 2iYO$Odi CZrWa

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H 1ra#hiP 1u$maP ?-araP )Oma$OP )O%aP )uVThaP !ramehaP S$S"adaP
S-O%aP 2UddhiP 2raWaP madoVaP A#ar-UddhiP Sa#a"idOP !$
ShodaraP 1aWXama;aP MZXha,arbha
D*SC H 1 H' ,.

.0*
B2. 2;a,hra#a3ha(Fr)
2E1HRANA)HA (Frui)
2;O,hra#a3ha co#%i%% o+ maure +rui o+ Ca""ari% %e"iaria &i##. %;#. C. ze;$a#ica
&i##. +. (Fam. Ca""aridaceae)P a "ere##ia$ c$imbi#, %hrub Dih hoo3ed %i"u$ar %"i#e%P
di%ribued hrou,hou I#diaP i# he "$ai#%.
SEN*NEMS

Sa#%3ri Q Ahib%rOP 2;O,hrO;udha
A%%ame%e Q HH
8e#,a$i Q HH
C#,$i%h Q HH
1u<rai Q HH
Hi#di Q 8a,ha#aiP )a#hariP )areruaa
)a##ada Q )ahiramu$$uP Mu$hu3a$$ari
)a%hmiri Q HH
Ma$a;a$am Q HH
Marahi Q Arda#iP 2;a,hra#a3hP .a,P .a,ai
*ri;a Q HH
!u#<abi Q HH
9ami$ Q Aa#daiP )au3ahiriP Mara#da#P 9horai
9e$u,u Q Na$$a u""i
>rdu Q HH
DCSCRI!9I*N
a) Macro%co"ic
Sub,$obo%eP ma#; %eeded berr;R ,ree# Dhe# ;ou#,P red broD# Dhe# ri"eP ' o 0
cm i# diameerP o# a ,rea$; hic3e#ed %a$3R %eed% are ri,o#a$P 0 o / mm $o#,P ' o 0
mm DideP 2 o ' mm hic3 Dih Dhie hi# co-eri#,R %eed coa hard.
b) Micro%co"ic
Frui H C"icar" %hoD% hic3 cuic$e co-eri#, he %i#,$e $a;ered e"iderma$ ce$$%
+o$$oDed b; hic3 Da$$ed "are#ch;maP +i$$ed Dih ;e$$oD co#e#%P me%ocar" com"o%ed
o+ hic3 Da$$ed "are#ch;maP ha-i#, ,rou"% o+ "ied %c$ereid% a "$ace% a$o#, Dih %ome
-a%cu$ar %ra#d%P e#docar" co#ai#% co$$a"%ed ce$$%P abu#da# oi$ ,$obu$e% "re%e#.
Seed H 9.S. %hoD% e%a ha-i#, hic3 cuic$eR Dih a %i#,$e $a;eredP $aera$$; e$o#,aedP
$oo%e$; "ac3edP "i,me#edP e"iderma$ ce$$%P +o$$oDed b; 4 o 16 $a;er% o+ com"ac$;
arra#,ed circu$ar "ied %o#e ce$$% Dih -er; hic3 Da$$ a#d #arroD $ume#R e,me#
.0'
co#%i%% o+ co$$a"%ed ce$$%R e#do%"erm "are#ch;ma +i$$ed Dih oi$ a#d a$euro#e ,rai#%P
oi$ ce$$% Dih ;e$$oDi%h oi$ a %ome "$ace%.
!oDder H Reddi%h broD#P %ic3;P %hoD% %c$ereid%P "are#ch;maou% ce$$% +i$$ed Dih oi$
a#d ce$$% +i$$ed Dih a$euro#e ,rai#%.

A$coho$H%o$ub$e exraci-e No $e%% ha# '6 "er ce#P A""e#dix 2.2.7.

9.&.C.
o$ue#e Q meha#o$ (7Q') %hoD% #i#e ba#d% a R+. 6.12P 6.2'P 6.'2P 6./'P 6./7P 6.71P 6.70P
6.=1P 6.47 (a$$ broD#)P o# %"ra;i#, Dih /[ Cha#o$icH%u$"huric acid rea,e# a#d heai#,
he "$ae +or e# mi#ue% a 16/
o
C.

C*NS9I9>CN9S H 9hio,$uco%ide ,$ucoca""ari#P #Hriaco#a#eP DHam;ri# a#d +ixed oi$.

1u#a Q &a,huP Ru3Va
2ir;a Q >VWa
2i"a3a Q )aTu
)arma Q )a"haharaP 2OaharaP 2arW;aP 2iVa,h#aP )aWXu,h#a

IM!*R9AN9 F*RM>&A9I*NS H 8a$O 9ai$a

9HCRA!C>9IC >SCS H 8hramaP ?-araP )aWXuP )oThaP )uVThaP !ra-Ohi3OP Ra3a"radaraP
Sar"a-iVaP 2Oa-i3OraP 2raWaP 2iV-i3OraP !Sda3aP 1raharo,aP
Mu3hadur,a#dha
D*SC H 2H7 ,.

.0.

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India: Part-I Volume - V

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The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India: Part-I Volume - V

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THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA

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