An-Najah National University

Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department
Graduation Project
Three Dimensional analysis And
Design Of AL-ARAB HOSPITAL
Supervised by: Ibrahim Mohammad Arman
1
2
Scientific benefit

compiling of information which were studied in several
years of studying and styling it in a study project.

Analysis and study of an existing building




3
4
CH.1 : Introduction


CH.2 : Preliminary Design


CH.3 : 3.D modeling and Final Design


CH.4 : Stairs And Ahear Walls Design

r

eliminary Design
PrPreliminary Designeliminary Design






Chapter One
Introduction
5
Fourteen floor building, with area 1586.6m for each floor
At Al-Rayhan_suburb in Ramallah city.

Soil bearing capacity 400 kN/m

The building consists of two parts separated by a
structural joint.

The building will be designed as Waffle slab with hidden
beams system.


6

Concrete:
For slabs and beams: concrete B400
F`c = 32 MPa
For Columns: concrete B450
F`c = 36 MPa

Reinforcing Steel: Steel GR60
Fy = 420 MPa



7

Gravity loads:
Dead loads: static and constant loads. Including the weight
of structural elements.
super imposed dead loads (SDL) = 4.3 kN/m
2
.
Live loads: that depend on the type of structure and
include weight of people, machine and any movable
objects in the building .
... (LL) was considered to be 4 kN/m
2
.
Lateral loads :
Earthquake: seismic factor for zone 2A = 0.15 , (Z=0.15)
risk category (IV) then importance factor, I = 1.5
response modification coefficient, R = 4.5
Soil: Ko =coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest.= 0.5
s= unit weight for soil = 20 kN/m
3
.




8
ACI 318-08 : American Concrete Institute.

IBC-09 : International Building code .

Jordanian code 2006

ASCE 7 10 : American Society of Civil Engineers2010.

Israel standard SI 413 1995, amendment no.3 2009
9
Chapter Two
Preliminary Design
10
11
:

Which system is more suitable to use ??

Two-way solid slab with drop beams

Two-way waffle slab with hidden beams
12









13


From largest panel (8.1m8.45m) thickness of slab determined,
h = 230mm

From longest beam (9.04)m
beam depth =750 mm and width = 500 mm

14


Thickness of slab, h
min
=(Ln/33) = 252.7mm

Assume frame dimensions= 600 mm600 mm320 mm

flange width = 820 mm
flange depth = 80 mm
web width = 150 mm
web depth = 320
15




I
waffle
=0.001656426 m
4
= I
solid
=
0.82h
3
12

h
solid
= 0.28940974 m

Frame dimension OK
16


Hidden beams
Beams from (B 1 - B 19)
Width=700mm & Depth = 400mm

Beams (B 20,B 21,B 22)
Width =900m m & Depth = 400mm

Beams (B 23, B 24, B 25)
Width = 1300mm & Depth = 400mm

17
Ultimate load : P
u
=W
beam
+W
slab
+own weight for column =629.627
= 629.62714(numberof stories)=8814.778 kN
To use short column equation, assume column is short column and non sway.
P
u
= P
n
= {0.85fc (Ag As) + (As fy )}
Where ; = 0.8
= 0.65
As :area of steel
Ag : gross area
Assume steel ratio =Ast/Ag=1%
As = 0.01Ag

Ag = 1042600.497 mm
2

Assume rectangular column L = b = 1021 mm .
Use column (1.1 m1.1 m)


.
18
Column (27.N).

Checks for short column
KL
u
/r 32-(M1/M212) 40
Where ;
K = effective length factor depending on restrainsts
r = radius of gyration , r= (I/A)
(1/2)

L
u
= clear length of column (face to face of span )
Assum :
K = 1 and M1/M2= -1 (double curvature)
KL
u
/r = 1 (4.16-0.4)/(0.3h) = 11.39
32-((M1/M2)12) = 32+12 = 44
11.39 40
Column is short
19
Good quality and minimum cost are necessary requirements in an
engineering design.

Two system satisfies the good quality (solid slab with drop beams ,
waffel slab with hidden beams ).

Cost snalysis to detrmin economical system
20
Item Steel weight (Kg) Concrete volume (m
3
)
Beam 481.84 +61.1+21.718 5.475
Column strip 270.27 10.4098
Middle strip 351.63 14.77
Sum 1186.2 30.65
Cost 3400 shekel/ton 300 shekel / m
3

Sum (shekel) 13228 shekls
21
Item Steel weight (Kg) Concrete volume (m
3
)
Beam 523.4+82.1+35.169 4.1
Column strip 255.1
22.428
Middle strip 277.6
Sum 1173.3 kg 26.528
Cost 3400 Shekel/ton 300 Shekel / m
3

Sum (shekel) 11948 Shekel
It is clear that the coast of material for waffle slab is less than that of
the solid slab. 22
Chapter Three
3D. Modeling
23
slab thickness in preliminary design=400mm
BUT some beams were unsafe in preliminary design dimentions
because of additional internal forces due to seismic loads







24
25
26

Masonry wall weight:
= (0.0527) + (0.1325) + (0.020.3) + (0.112) + (0.0223)
=6.266 KN/M
2
storey high (4.16m)
=26.1 kN/m

Gravity loads:
Live loads (4 kN/m
2
)
Super imposed dead load (SDL)
0.03m27kN/m
3
+0.0223kN/m
3
+0.1518kN/m
3
+0.01523kN/m
3
= 3.3+1=4.3 kN/m
2


Lateral loads

Seismic loads :
Response spectrume


Soil loads


Assume =30
o

so: ko = 1-sin =0.5
for one story, h= 4.16m

q
1
at z=4.16 m=koW=0.5x15=7.5 kN
q
2
at z=0.0m = koW+hKo= 0.5x15+20x4.16x0.5=49.1 kN.
q
2

q
1

27
Gravity loads:
Uniform loads on slab : weight of masonry wall as
distributed uniform dead load


28
Lateral loads:
Seismic loads (Response Spectrum)
information for Response Spectrum definition




29

Response in X-
direction and 30% in Y-
direction
Lateral loads: Response Spectrum in x-direction
Response Spectrum


30
UDCON1 = 1.4D.L
UDCON2 = 1.2D.L+1.6L.L+1.6SOIL
UDCON3 = 1.2D.L+1L.L+1EX
UDCON4 = 1.2D.L+1L.L+1EY
UDCON5 = 1.2D.L+1L.L+1EZ
UDCON6 = 0.9D.L+1EX+1.6SOIL
UDCON7 = 0.9D.L+1E.Y+1.6SOIL
UDCON8 = 0.9D.L+1E.Z+1.6SOIL
31
Compatibility:

32
Equilibrium:

Hand calculation:
Total weight = 212672.35 kN

From SAP
Load type Hand results (KN) SAP results (KN) Error %
Live load 40567.43 40833.22 0%
Dead load 212672.35 215513.878 1.3%
33
34
Stress- strain relationship:

Stress- strain relationship:

Hand calculations :
(w
u
l
n

/8

)for slab

=18.76(7.625-0.6)7.26/8=868.3 kN.m
(w
u
l
n

/8

)for beam
=(0.6.045251.2)+(1.24.30.6)+(1.640.6) 7.26/8 =99







35
Stress- strain relationship:

SAP result





To calculate moments from SAP
= ( M
(-ve)+
M
(-ve)
)/2+ M
(+ve)

= (523.4+565)/2+423.4=967.6kN.m
Error percentage=(967.6-967.3)/967.3=0%
36
Shear in Slab:
Rib shear strength

=
1.1x0.75x f
c

= 62225.39 N = 62.225 kN



values = 62.273 x 0.82 = 51.1 kN/0.82m.< 62.225 kN ... OK
37
Design of column strip in slab :







M(-ve) (kN.m/0.82m) = 84.64 0.82 = 69.4048 kN.m/0.82
=0.00815 >
min
=0.0033
As=0.00815150400=489mm
2
Use steel bars as 218/rib




38
Design of column strip :
M(+ve) =(kN.m/0.82m) = 66.5346 0.82 = 54.5583 kN.m/0.82m
=0.0011
As=0.0011820400=360.8mm
2

As
min
=
min
b
web
d
= 0.0033150400 = 198 mm
2
< 360.8 mm
2

.
Use 216/rib








39
Design of middle strip :

40
Design of beams :
Flexural steel for span between grids D.24 and D.27




Torsion in span between grids D.24 and D.27




stirrups reinforcement :
At both end of beams : A
v+t
/S=1.224+0=1.224 mm
2
/mm
S=314/1.224=256.5mm 100mm so .. Use 110/100mm
A
v+t
at distance =2h from both end of beams
A
v+t
/S=0.511+0=.511mm
2
/mm
S=314/0.511=614.5mm 200mm so use 110/200mm




41




42
Design of columns :


Column 8 (C8):Longitudenal bars =20 bar
2018mm=5080>4900
43
44



Design of footing :

service load in building



Foundation area=Total service load/bearing capacity
=569.4 m
2
half area of building, 353m
2


Use mat foundation
45
Determine foundation thickness:

maximum axial force =21932.85 kN
VCp=0.750.33 f
c
bod
Where b
o
= 2 c
1
+d +2 c
2
+d
c1&c2 : column dimensions
d=effective depth
Try h=1600mm and check if it can resist bunching shear,
So d=1530mm
VCp =22535kN 21932.85 kN OK





46
Design of mat foundation:











M (-V) = 412.2kN.m/m
=0.00046
min
=0.0018
Use A
smin
=0.001810001530=2754mm .use125/150

M (+V)=-5234/3.6=1454kN.m/m
=0.00166 <
min
=0.0018
Use A
smin
=0.001810001530=2754mm.use125/200






47
Design of mat foundation:

















Chapter Four
Shear Walls &Stairs
Design
48
49
Long shear walls:


















V
ult
(+ve)=1145/6.35=180.3kN/m
Vc=0.75
1
6
36 1000 600=450kN /m 434kN/m ok
M
22
=1182/6.35=186kN.m/m
=0.00138
As=0.001381000600=828 mm
2
/m
use112/250 mm for each side
50
Short shear walls:


















As
min
= (0.00123500200) 2=240mm
use 1412/350mm
51
h =

24
=
3.3
24
= 0.137m Use h = 0.15m.
52
Check for shear
Maximum shear in stair Vu=55.5/1.45=38.3kN/m
=
1
6

= 92KN > = 38.3 .OK
Mu=13kN/m
= 0.00206
min
=0.0018
As
=
0.00206 x1000x130 = 267.8
2
/m< As
min

Use As
min =
112/300mm