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  • Biochemistry Basics

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    FballGuru
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    The document discusses the chemical composition and end products when three major nutrients - proteins, carbohydrates, and fats - are completely broken down and used for energy in the body. [1] Proteins are broken down into amino acids which are used to build new proteins or further broken down into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. [2] Carbohydrates break down into monosaccharides like glucose which are used for energy or stored, producing carbon dioxide and water. [3] Fats break down into glycerol and fatty acids which produce carbon dioxide and water when fully metabolized.

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    Structures of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

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    The document discusses the chemical composition and end products when three major nutrients - proteins, carbohydrates, and fats - are completely broken down and used for energy in the body. [1] Proteins are broken down into amino acids which are used to build new proteins or further broken down into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. [2] Carbohydrates break down into monosaccharides like glucose which are used for energy or stored, producing carbon dioxide and water. [3] Fats break down into glycerol and fatty acids which produce carbon dioxide and water when fully metabolized.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    96 views1 page

    Biochemistry Basics

    Uploaded by

    FballGuru
    The document discusses the chemical composition and end products when three major nutrients - proteins, carbohydrates, and fats - are completely broken down and used for energy in the body. [1] Proteins are broken down into amino acids which are used to build new proteins or further broken down into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. [2] Carbohydrates break down into monosaccharides like glucose which are used for energy or stored, producing carbon dioxide and water. [3] Fats break down into glycerol and fatty acids which produce carbon dioxide and water when fully metabolized.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    End Products besides Heat

    Nutrient Chemical Composition When Completely Used for Energy


    . s-r^ IT . ,-, /-/^ f-, ,
    COOH Carbon dioxide (CO2)

    Alpha -^"" R, L R - n R2 Water (H2O)


    Carbon »_^_.
    N-Terminal Peptide Many Peptide Carboxyl Ammonia (NH,), which
    Amino Bond Amino Bond Amino is converted to urea
    Acid Acids Acid (H 2 N— CO — NH2)
    in the liver and ex-
    R = different chemical groups and thus different amino acids. creted by the kidney.

    Carbohydrate HCO 2 Monosaccharides = 1 Disaccharide Carbon dioxide (CO2)


    ! e.g., glucose + glucose = maltose
    (HCOH),., \- glucose -t- fructose = sucrose Water (H2O)
    1 (table sugar)
    H2COH glucose + galactose = lactose
    (milk sugar).

    Ma
    et^ucosr^' I "y Mo^saccharides = Poly-
    (dextrose), )*" saccharides, e.g., starch, glycogen,
    fructose, and and fiber are many glucose molecules
    glactose 1 connected by alpha bonds or, for fiber,
    beta bonds.

    Carbon dioxide (CO-,)


    1 16-20
    HCO (CH) COOH
    Water (H2O)
    I 16-20
    jCU (CH) LOCJH
    ^ ^ ^ 16-20 ^

    Glycerol 3 Fatty acids

    Triglyceride

    Fig. 1-3. Energy-supplying nutrients: Chemical composition and end products of metabolism.30

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