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BI GING :

AUTOCAD NNG CAO V
LP TRNH TRONG AUTOCAD

Ngi lp : Trn anh Bnh







Sch tham kho :
AutoCAD 2004 Bible Wileys & Sons
Mastering in AutoCAD 2000 George Omura
AutoCAD 2004 For Dummies John Wiley & Sons
AutoCAD 2000 (1,2) KTS.Lu Triu Nguyn.
AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
Cc tin ch thit k trn AutoCAD TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
Nguyn Thanh Trung.
AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
AutoCAD 2004 Activex and VBA KS.Hong Thnh An.


S tit ging : 45 Tit
AutoCAD nng cao : 45 tit
L thuyt : 30 tit
Thc hnh : 5 bui (5x3=15 tit)

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PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)
Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)
I. Quy nh v bn v.
1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v
2. Cc khng gian trong CAD
3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
4. Mt s quy nh chung
4.1. Khung v t l bn v
4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
II. Thit lp mi trng v.
1. Text style.
2. Layer.
3. Dimesion Style.
4. Hatch.
5. Lnh LineType.
6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.
6.1. Block
6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block
6.3. Qun l cc block.
7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.
8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option
III. Gii thiu Express Tools.
Chng 2 : LAOUT V IN N (6 tit)
I. Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
2. Cc thao tc trn ieport ca Paper Space
2.1. To cc ieport
2.2. Ct n ng bao ieport
2.3. T l trong tng ieport
2.4. Layer trong tng ieport
2.5. n hin vieport
2.6. n hin ng bao vieport
2.7. Scale LineType
2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi ieport
3. Cc ch khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v
II. iu hin in n.
1. Khai bo thit b in.
2. In ra file *.PLT
Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)
I. Tham ho ngoi
1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.
2. Chn mt re vo bn v
3. M mt re t bn v chnh
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4. Hiu chnh re t bn v chnh.
4.1. Lnh Reedit (Reerence Edit).
4.2. Thm, b bt cc i tng khi orking set (Lnh reset).
4.3. Lnh reclose
4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n re.
5. iu khin s hin th ca mt re.
5.1. re v cc thnh phn hin ph thuc.
5.2. re v lp.
5.3. Lnh bin.
5.4. Tham chiu vng.
5.5. n cc re.
5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc re ln.
6. Qun l re
6.1. ng dn ca cc re.
6.2. Xref notification
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
6.4. ile bin bn (log) ca re.
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Woring with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD
6. To cc mu kt ni.
7. To, hiu chnh v a cc kt ni.
8. Quan st cc kt ni.
9. To mu nhn.
10. To nhn.
11. S dng query truy tm d liu
11.1. S dng Quick Query
11.2. S dng Range Query
11.3. S dng Range Query
11.4. S dng Link Select
III. Lm vic vi Raster Image
1. Tng quan
2. Chn nh (inserting images
3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)
4. Ct n nh (Clipping images)
5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)
5.1. iu khin hin th
5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)
5.3. Image transparency
5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
2. Linking data
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
Chng 4 : T BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)
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I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)
1. Khi nim v Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong ile .SHP.
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)
II. To font ch
1. To ont ch SH.
2. To big ont.
3. To big ont t ile m rng.
III. To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.
2. To cc dng ng n gin.
2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
2.2. To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN
IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape
1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. ile mu mt ct.
2. To mu mt ct n gin.
3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp.
VI. Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loi menu
1.2. Cc loi ile menu
1.3. Ti, g b mt menu
2. Ty bin mt menu
2.1. Cu trc mt ile menu
2.2. Menu Macro
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldon menu
2.3.4. Chn v loi b Pull-down menu trn menubar
2.4. Shortcut menu.
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auiliary menu
2.5.2. To cc AU menu.
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
2.6. Image Tile menus
2.6.1. Section ca Image menu
2.6.2. M t mc chn ca menu hnh nh
2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh
2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.
2.7. Menu mn hnh.
2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.
2.8. Chui ch thch thanh trng thi.
2.8.1. Section ca on m t chui ch thch.
2.8.2. M t chui ch thch.
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2.9. To cc phm tt.
2.9.1. Section ca on m t cc phm tt
2.9.2. To phm tt
VII. Toolbar
1. cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar
1.1. To Toolbar
1.2. To nt lnh mi
1.3. Sa nt lnh
1.4. To mt lyout
2. Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong ile *.mnu
2.1. Dng m t tng qut thanh cng c
2.2. Dng m t loi nt lnh Button
2.3. Dng m t loi nt lnh lyout.
2.4. Dong m t nt lnh Control.


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PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

MC CH V NI DUNG CA PHN AUTOCAD NNG CAO.
Sinh vin lm quen vi AutoCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc. Nhng
phn ln S mi ch lm quen vi AutoCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn. Phn
AutoCAD nng cao s to cho sinh vin bit cch b cc, trnh by bn v mt cch chuyn
nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)
I. Quy nh v bn v.
1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v
Hnh dng
t liu (b tng, g ,)
Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t l + kch thc trn bn v)
T l
ng nt (thy khut)
2. Cc khng gian trong CAD
CAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space.
Model Space
L khng gian giy v
Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny.
Paper Space
Cng l mt khng gian v.
Trong paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout vieport,
dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.
Trong PS bn c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc
nhau thng qua cc ca s (vieport). (c bit quan trng trong v phi cnh kin
trc)
3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
Gip ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn.
Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh tiu chun v, mu ha trong nhiu
khu
Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, mch lc.
Thnh qu lao ng c ti s dng li mt cch chuyn nghip hn
4. Mt s quy nh chung
4.1. Khung v t l bn v
C 2 cch v :
t do : ko nh gii hn bn v
theo khung : Bn v c gii hn theo kh giy (lnh Limits)
Cc loi khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4
T l bn v l t l gia kch thc trn bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C cc
cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau :
theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn Model Space)
theo t l bn v. Gi nguyn khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn layout)
theo t l bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng)
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Lnh MVSetup.

4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
Quy nh v ng nt khi in :
Nt lin mnh (ng bao dm, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) :
Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt ct qua,) :
Nt hach
Nt ca ch (ch dng khi ont s dng SH) :
Nt ca ng ghi ch v kch thc :
Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch : Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t l
m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi ch,
chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca tiu l 5mm. (nu v d v chiu cao
ch v t l bn v)
Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.
Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm
Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm
II. Thit lp mi trng v.
1. Text style.
Command : STyle



Style name : Tn style
New, rename, delete : To mi, thay i tn v a mt kiu ch (Tet style)
Font
Font name : Tn phng
font style : Chn font ch m rng ca font shx khi chn Use Big font
Height : Chiu cao mc nh ca font. AutoCAD s u tin s dng chiu cao ny
trong ton b bn v. Nu chiu cao ny bng 0 th AutoCAD s ly chiu cao
nhp vo khi chn text
Effects
Upside down : Ln ngc ch theo trc nm ngang
Backwards : Quay ngc ch theo trc thng ng
Vertical : Ch theo phng thng ng
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Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang.
Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch.
Preview : xem trc cc nh dng chn.
2. Layer.
Command : Layer
Bng Layer Properties Manager hin ln :


,
Filter :
To mt ilter (n vo nt ne ilter)


Filter name : Tn ca nhm lc.
Filter definition
Status : 2 ch : ang s dng (current in use) v Tt c layer (all layer)
Name : Lc theo tn, s dng du * thay th cho mt nhm k t, du ? thay
th cho mt k t.
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On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca
layer.
Filter preview : em trc cc i layer lc.
Nu dng lnh nhiu hn mt dng c coi l iu kin hoc.


Group Layer :
To tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi to khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v.
Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th to tng b lc layer khc
nhau.
Khi ta chn mt block hay chn mt re vo th AutoCAD s t ng chn thm group
layer.
Layer States Manager
Ta c th ut cc nh dng layer ra ile cha layer *.LAS



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Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi phc li n bng cch import
li cc thuc tnh c lu li trong ile *.LAS. Ch cc layer b a i th s khng
khi phc li c.
Cc thuc tnh c khi phc li c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore. (rezen
: qu kh ca reeze ng bng, Tha : s tan bng )
Turn off layers not ound in layer state : Tt tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong ile
*.LAS khi khi phc li thuc tnh.

3. Dimesion Style.
Command : DIMSTYLE


Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh.
New : To mi Dimstyle.
Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle.
Override : Dng khi mun gn chng tm thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch
thc c chn.
Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 loi Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.

Hp thoi tao ne :

Hp thoi Use for : Loi kch c p dng trong khi o
All dimension : Tt c cc loi kch thc.
Linear : Kch thc thng.
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Angular : o gc
Radius : o bn knh
Diameter : o ng knh.
Ordinate : Ta im
Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.



Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)
Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging khi
ta chn arrowheads l gch cho.
Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc
song song.
Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th hai.
M t trong hnh v di y :

Frame Dimension Line:
Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc.
Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging.
Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging.
M t trong hnh v di y.

Arrowheads : (Mi tn)
1st : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th nht.
2nd : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th hai.
Leader : Dng mi tn cho u ng ch thch.
Arrow size : ln u mi tn. Chn User arrow, khi hp thoi hin ra, ta
nhp tn block dng lm mi tn vo hp thoi.
Center Marks for Circles : (Du tm v ng tm)
Type : Dng du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none).
Size : kch thc du tm.
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Text Appearance:
Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng
text style trong [] bn cnh text style.
Text color : Mu ch
Fill color : mu nn ca ch.
Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.
Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch
thc.
Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.
Text Placement :
Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng.
Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc.
Above : Ch s nm trn ng kch thc.
Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v a im gc o nht.
JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo tiu
chun Nht.
Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang.
Centered : nm gia hai ng ging.
1 st Etension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong cch
t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi tn v bin Oset rom dim line
Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2
mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2
nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn s
ny thnh dng.
Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch.
Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang.
Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc.
ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai ng
ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li.
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Fit Options : th ny s kim tra em, nu ch trng th s t tet v ng kch
thc theo ng v tr quy nh mc trc. Cn nu khng ch trng ghi tet th
tet v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :
Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best :
Khi ch trng th tet v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho tet th mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th tet s c v ra ngoi.
Arrows :
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s c v trong 2 ng ging cn
ch th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c tet v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Text :
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho Tet th Tet s c v trong 2 ng ging cn mi
tn th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho Tet th c tet v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s
c v ra ngoi.
Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai
ng ging.
Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin mi
tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v.
Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chng ra khi v
tr mc nh
Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging.
Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km
theo mt ng dn.
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Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc m
km theo bt k mt ng dn no.
Scale for Dimension Features :
Use overall scale of : Phng ton b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi
tr ch s o c khng b thay i.
Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu
sau.
Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b ung.
Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr
sau mi ln o.
Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm gia
hai ng ging.


Linear Dimensions : gn dng v n v cho kch thc di
Unit format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc,
ngoi tr kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Decimal.
Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi
tr o c.
Fraction format : Gn dng cho phn s, cc la chn bao
gm : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked.
Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gia phn thp
phn v phn nguyn.
Round off : Quy nh v cch lm trn. VD nhp vo 0.15 th tt
c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15
Prefix/ Suffix : Tin t v hu t ca text o c.
Measurement Scale :
Scale factor : chiu di o c s c nhn vi bin ny ra chiu di hin th
trong dim.
Apply to layout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, cha nhgin cu y
Zero suppression :
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Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
Angular Dimensions :
Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl.
Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.
Zero suppression :
Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5


Alternate units : gn cc n v lin kt. Gn dng v chnh c n v chiu di,
gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt (gia inch v minimeter)

Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc lin kt( l dng kch thc nh km vi
kch thc lin kt chnh, v d nh kch thc lin kt chnh l minimeter, cn kch thc
lin kt l inch. Kch thc lin kt ph l kch thc i km gii thch cho kch thc
chnh)
Alternate units
Unit format : Gn n v lin kt.
Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m
bn chn.
Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v kch
thc lin kt.
Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt
Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt.
Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc lin kt
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After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt
chnh.
Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.



Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh dng ca cc ch s dung sai.
Tolerance Fomat
Methode : Gn phng php tnh dung sai kch thc.

None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi tr
dung sai.
Symmetrical : Du xut hin trc cc gi tr dung sai. Khi
sai lch gii hn trn v sai lch gii hn di s c gi tr
tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch cn nhp gi tr vo upper value.
Deviation : Sai lch gii hn m v dng khc nhau, khi ta in sai lch gii
hn m vo Lower value v sai lch gii hn dng vo Upper value.
Limits : To nn cc kch thc gii hn. Kch thc gii hn trn bng kch thc
danh ngha cng vi gi tr sai lch gii hn trn (Upper value), kch thc gii
hn di bng kch thc danh ngha tr i gii hn di (Lower value) .
Basic : To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t ch
s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc n
ng kch thc khi khng chn mc ny.



Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.
Upper value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn trn.
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Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di.
Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch
thc.
Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai
dng symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).


Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh c cho kch thc lin
kt.
Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
4. Hatch.
Command : BHATCH



Th Hatch
Type : C 3 mu mt ct :
Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file
ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American
National Standards Institute), ISO (International
Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined
Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT
User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo
khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.
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Swatch (mu mt ct) : Hin h mu mt ct chn. Nu chn mu mt ct l Solid th
satch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.



Custom pattern : Chn cc mu la chn cha trong ile .PAT
Pattern : Chn cc mu c sn trong ile ACAD.PAT
Angle : Gc nghing ca hatch
Scale : T l phng
Iso pen with : Nu chn mu theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca bt khi ut
bn v ra giy
Double : Ch c tc dng khi ta chn User Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php ta
to thm cc ng mt ct vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung lin tip nhau.
Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn.
Remove Island : B i mt vng nh trong vng chn
Inherit Properties : Ly mu mt ct t mt hatch t trn bn v
Associative : Nu chn mc ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bin. C
th l khi ta di chuyn ng bin hay mt object bn trong hatch, Hatch s t ng thay i
bm ly cc object v boundary.


Th Advanced
Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt ct nh m t trong hnh km theo :
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Object type (mu mt ct) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi hatch
s tr thnh dng polyline hoc Region..
Buondary set : Chn khi c nh ng bin bng pick point.
Current viewport : Ch gii hn trong ca s nhn
hin hnh.
Chn ne chn mt gii hn cho lnh pick point.
Khi buondary set s thnh Eisting set
Island detection method : m t cch xc nh
cc island.
Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin.
Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim
ng h.



One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng.
Tint : Mu nh.
Shade : Mu m.
Two color : Phi gia hai mu c chn.
Center : ng tm.
Angle : gc quay ca mu.

5. Lnh LineType.
Command : Linetype

20


Hp thoi LineType Manager.
Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng thng
( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin)
Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng sp
v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng sp v
s c t l dng ng l 1.
Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l
ph nh ca hp filter .
6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Bloc.
6.1. Block
Command : block.

21


Name : Ti a 255 k t.
Object.
Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit
Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun.
Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block.
Preview icon : Cho php em trc block nh mt Icon.
Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i t
l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v.
Description :
Hyperlink :
6.2. Thuc tnh ca Bloc
nh ngha thuc tnh
Thuc tnh l thnh phn ca mt block c th l dng ch nh km theo khi (block).
N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc dng nhc hin th khi chn block vi thuc tnh.
To thuc tnh cho hi.
Lnh Attdef (Deine attributes) : Cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi
thc hin lnh Attdef hp thoi sau s hin ln :

22


Cc la chn ca hp thoi Attribute Definition nh sau :
Mode :
Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn c nh c ut hin v gi
tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, eriy v present.
Invisible : sau ki chn block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin ln trn
mn hnh. La chn ny s gip cho vic ti to bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c th
iu khin li s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i li la chn trong
lnh Attdisp.
Constant : cc gi tr thuc tnh s khng thay i. Khi son tho Prompt trn
vng attribute s c che i.
Verify : khi chn block cng cc thuc tnh th dng nhc thm tra li s chnh c
ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln.
Preset : AutoCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s dng lnh insert
chn, tuy nhin thuc tnh ny c th thay i bng lnh Attedit.

Attribute : gn d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). Bn c th nhp ti a 256k
t, Du gch ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu bn mun nhp k t \ th phi nhp hai k
t gch cho cnh nhau.
Tag : c nh tn ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngoi tr du cch v du
chm than. AutoCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa.
Prompt : nh dng nhc thuc tnh, s c hin th khi bn mun chn block
cha thuc tnh. Nu bn chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin ln.
Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh.

Insertion point : nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point
nh v tr im trc tip chn trn bn v.

Text options : gn cc nh dng k t cho ch (attribute tet).
Justification : nh im canh l cho dng ch thuc tnh (Nh lnh DTet)
23
Text Style : nh kiu ch cho dng ch thuc tnh.
Height : nh chiu cao ca dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc chn
height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im trn bn v. Nu bn nhp
chiu cao ca Tet style trong lnh Style th height s b m i.
Rotation : Ch nh gc nghing cho dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo
rotaion. Nu bn chn Align hoc it trn danh sch justuication th la chn ny
s c che m i.
Align below previous attribute definition : sp p cc attribute tag ngay bn di
thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh). Nu
trc bn cha to bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i.

Hiu chnh cc nh ngha thuc tnh.
Lnh Ddedit (vit tt ED). Bng Edit Attribute Definition hin ra nh sau :



Bn c th chnh li cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n nt OK.
Ngoi ra ta c th s dng lnh change thay i cc nh ngha thuc tnh hin c.

Gn thuc tnh cho bloc.
gn thuc tnh cho block ta gn thuc tnh cho block khi nh ngha block ngha l
khi to block ta chn thm nh ngha.
Trnh t chn cc thuc tnh quy nh trnh t hin th cc dng nhc khi bn chn block
vi thuc tnh bng lnh insert.
Chn block vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v.
Chn block c thuc tnh bng lnh insert cng nh chn block bnh thng. Tuy nhin
nu bin ATTDIA = 1 th ut hin hp thoi Enter Attributes, trn hp thoi ny ta nhp cc
gi tr thuc tnh. Ph thuc vo s lng cc thuc tnh m ta gn cho block m ta c s
lng cc TetBo nhiu hay t. Ngc li nu ATTDIA = 0 th hp thoi ny s khng c
hin ln. ta nhp cc thuc tnh ca block di dng lnh.

24



iu hin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh.
Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block ti bn v hin hnh. Bin
ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh ny s
khng c hin th ln. ic tt s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng cn hit s
lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.
Command: attdisp
Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] <Normal>: of
Regenerating model.
Cp nht thay i.
Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc thuc
tnh hin hnh c nh cho block.
d khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha li block. Dng lnh AttSync
update li cc thuc tnh ca block.

Command: attsync
Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: ?
Ximang
ViNaComex
14
25
Attributed blocks: 123
Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: N
Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123

Chn block cn cp nht chn select.
Nhp ? lit k danh sch block c.
Ch nh tn ca block cn cp nht chn Name.

Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca bloc.
Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Attedit
Lnh Attedit cho php bn hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca block chn vo trong bn
v. Khi nh lnh ny hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln. Tuy nhin lnh ny ch cho php
hiu chnh block vi thuc tnh mt cch ring l.



Lnh -Attedit

Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] <Y>: N Sa nhiu thuc tnh mt lc
Performing global editing of attribute values.
Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Enter block name specification <*>: Chn tt c cc block
Enter attribute tag specification <*>:
Enter attribute value specification <*>:
Select Attributes: 1 found
chn Ximang ca block th
nht.
Select Attributes: 1 found chn Thep ca block th hai.
Select Attributes: 1 found Chn Ximang ca block th ba
Select Attributes:
3 attributes selected.
Enter string to change: Ximang Thay nhng chui l Ximang
thnh chui Cat Enter new string: Cat
26

Trc khi hiu chnh


Sau khi hiu chnh

Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Eattedit.
Lnh Eattedit (hoc nhy kp chut) hp thoi Enhanced Attribute Editor c hin
th :

Command: Ettedit
Select block reference:

Nu block bn chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block th
ut hin dng thng bo li. Bn phi chn li block khc.

Ximang
ViNaComex
12
Ximang
ViNaComex
21
Thep
Viet Uc
25
Cat
ViNaComex
12
Cat
ViNaComex
21
Thep
Viet Uc
25
27


Select Block : chn block trn bn v.
Apply : Cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh.

Attribute :
Hin th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho mi thuc tnh
Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.



Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho tet. Cc la chn nh trong hp thoi to thuc
tnh cho block.
TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh.
Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh.
Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh.
Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh.
Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng.
Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang.
Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing dng ch thuc tnh.

28


Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, dng ng, mu,.
Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh
LineType : ch nh dng ng.
Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh.
Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin hnh l
kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.
LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh.

Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh.
S dng lnh Battman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block. Khi
nh lnh Battman hp thoi Block Attribute Manager hin ln nh sau :



Chn Edit th hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln nh sau :
29


Th Attribute : nh trnh by trong mc to thuc tnh.
Data : Bn c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Deault.



Th Text Options : chn cc nh dng v ch.
Backwards : i xng theo phng thng ng
Upside down: i xng theo phng ngang.
Cc la chn khc nh trong phn to thuc tnh ca khi.

30


Th Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype,

Nu chn setting th hp thoi setting s hin ln nh sau



Trch thng tin thuc tnh.
Sau khi to v chn block vi thuc tnh vo bn v, ta c th trch thng tin ca block
ra ile nh dng ACII (.TT). Cc thng ny c th c s dng bi mt s phn mm
khc.
Lnh Attext (Attribute Extaction).

31


Format file : chn cc nh dng ormat ile AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh
by di y.
Select Object : chn cc block cn trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th hin
trong Number found.
Output File : chn ile s ut thng tin ra.

File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file).
Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi tn Tag ph hp vi tn trng c nh ngha
trong ile mu. Lnh Attext nh trnh by trn cho ta 3 nh dng ca ile mu (format
file).
Comma delimited file (CDF)
Space delimited file (SDF)
DXF Format Extract File (DXX)

CDF l nh dng trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt record.
Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t.
SDF l nh dng to ra ile cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi
trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no gia
cc trng cng nh cc chui k t.
DXX l nh dng to nn tp hp con nh dng ile trao i bn v ca AutoCAD
trong D l mt phn nh ca D. ile D khng i hi ile nh dng v n theo
nh dng ca D ile.

Cu trc ca file mu thng tin thuc tnh.
ile mu c trnh cha tt c cc thng tin lin quan n attribute, name, location,
ca block. Sau khi nh ngha ile mu, AutoCAD s s dng to ra cc ile thng tin ca
block.
d ile mu di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block.
Field Format Explanation
BL: LEVEL NWWW000 Mc block lng nhau
BL: NAME CWWW000 Tn block
BL: X NWWWPPP Honh im chn
BL: Y NWWWPPP Tung Y im chn
32
BL: Z NWWWPPP Cao Z im chn
BL: NUMBER NWWW000 Block counter
BL: HANDLE CWWW000 Block handle
BL: LAYER CWWW000 Tn layer khi chn block
BL: ORIENT NWWWPPP Gc quay ca block
BL: XSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo trc
BL: YSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo trc Y
BL: ZSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo trc Z
BL: XEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn ca hng dn ra ca block.
BL: YEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn Y dng trong v 3D
BL: ZEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh Phn Z
BL: SPACE CWWWPPP Chn mt khong trng vo v tr ny.

Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta cn c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i km ca block
(Attributes tag) nh v d sau :

Attribute tag Format
Hang CWWWPPP
Soluong NWWW000

Gii thch nh dng m t (Fomat) : TWWWPPP
T : k t u tin s quy nh gi tr ca thuc tnh l ch hay s (C :character, N :
number).
WWW : s quy nh di ca gi tr thuc
tnh (bao gm c du phy v du chm phn
cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn).
PPP : chnh c i vi s cn i vi tt
c cc k t ta dng 000.
d N006002 : quy nh gi tr l s (N), gi tr
c th ln ti 999.99 (v 006 bao gm c du chm v
002 cho php ly chnh c ti 2 ch s thp phn).

V d v file mu .
S dng trnh son tho NotePad to ra ile
vl.txt c ni dung nh sau :

BL : NAME C004000
BL : X N008002
BL : Y N008002
BL : SPACE C002000
TENVL C012000
HANG C006000
KHOILUONG N008000

Khi ile trch thng tin ca ta c dng nh sau :


33




ut thng tin thuc tnh bloc bng lnh Eattext
nh lnh Eattet, hp thoi Attribute Etraction izard hin ln :



Drawings
Select object : chn mt hoc nhiu block.
Current drawing : chn tt c cc thuc tnh ca tt c cc block c trong bn v.
Select drawing : chn bn v khc.
Drawing files : ng dn ca ile cha block cn trch thng tin.

34


Include res : bao gm cc thng tin thuc tnh ca cc tham kho ngoi.
Include nested blocks : bao gm cc thng tin ca cc block lng.



Use template : s dng cc dnh dng mu (ile template).
No template : khng s dng cc dnh dng mu (ile template).



35
Chn cc thng tin cn trch ra trong hp attributes for block.
Chn cc block s trch thng tin trong hp blocks.



Chn anternate vie chuyn i gia cc kiu nhn.





Ghi li cc thit lp va thao tc ln sau dng li. ile template c dng *.BLK

36


Ta c th ghi li cc thng tin trch di dng cc ile khc nhau.
d nh Ecel :



6.3. Qun l cc bloc.
S dng Acad Design Center
Ta c th s dng ca s acad Design center qun l cc block. C th ly cc block
t bn v khc, c th previe trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh.
S dng chc nng o th ca Window
Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Eplore ta c th s dng chc nng ko th cc icon (cc
ile ca AutoCAD) chn vo bn v. Cc bn v c chn vo nh l mt i tng
block.
7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.

8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option

III. Gii thiu Express Tools.

37
Chng 2 : LAOUT V IN N (6 tit)
I. Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
Khi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng
Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport)
AutoCad cho php bn chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. Bn c th hin th cc
vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v trn cc hnh ch nht . Mc ch phc v cho vic quan
st bn v mt cch d dng hn. ng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS).
Mt s c tnh ca Tiled ieport :
Khng quant trng l bn c bao nhiu khung nhn, chng lun lun c sp sp
cnh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh
Ti mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c vin
m
Crosshair ch ut hin trn Active vieport
UCS (User Coordinate System) Icon lun ut hin ti tt c cc khung nhn
S thay i ca cc i tng bn v trn mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s c
th hin trn cc khung nhn cn li.
AutoCAD cho php bn to ra ti a 96 khung nhn
Bn c th bt u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt thc lnh mt khung nhn khc.
Ngoi ra bn cn c th ghi li cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, phc v cho mc ch
khi phc li cc khung nhn nu mun.
Vng nhn ng (Floating Viewport)
ng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapce (PS), bn ch s dng n khi mun th hin
mt vng ca bn v trn MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt loating vie () trong
mt PS. Tuy nhin bn c th to ra nhiu hn mt nu bn mun.
c mt s c tnh sau
Khng ging nh Tiled ieport (T), l mt Object tht, bn c th o,
move v stretch n. Bn c th hin th n trn layer ring bit, v cn c th bt tt
ch hin th ng bao ca n. Chng khng in y mn hnh nh T m bn
c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca chng.
Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi hn trong mt vng nhn ng.
Bn c th thit lp s hin th ca UCS Icon trong tng
Bn c th to nhiu trong PS v chng s c lu li cng vi bn v.
Tt c nhng g bn v trn MS u c trong PS. Tri li, nhng g bn v trn PS
ch tn ti trn PS, khng tn ti trn bn v khi bn tr v MS.
Sau khi bn v ong trong MS, bn chuyn sang PS v. Trn khng gian PS bn
c th v thm or chnh sa cc Object trn MS bng cch Double click vo .
Khi lm vic ging ht nh T.

Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space. Trong
paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout vieport, dimension v thm cc
notes trc khi in bn v.
PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ring l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1 hoc
nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (vieport).
Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s dng PS trong trng hp
C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau trn cng mt bn v ( k thut D).
Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (v kin trc).
Mun in hnh v vi cc gc oay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong cu ng)
38
Cc bc
u tin ta v cc hnh v trn MS
Sau chuyn sang PS chn cc Note, dimension v cc leader.
Cc thao tc vi PS
Trong PS bn cng c th vie, edit cc PS Object nh layout vieport v tile block.
Mc nh ca CAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c tn l Layout1 v layout2. Tuy nhin
n s c tn khc nu bn s dng cc template khc.
Bn c th to mt layout bng cc cch sau :
Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau.
S dng chc nng Creat layout izard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n.
Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT)
Add a new Layout
Click insert menuLayout New Layout.
Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.
To import a layout from a template
Click Insert menuLayoutLayout from Template.
In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from
Click Open.
In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab.
To create a layout using a wizard
Click Insert menu Layout Layout Wizard.
On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the
new layout.
Trong PS Bn cng c th :
Duplicate a layout
Rename a layout
Delete a layout
Rearrange layout tabs
Make a layout current
Sctivate the previous layout
Click Select All Layouts.
Plot a layout
2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space
2.1. To cc Viewport
u tin bn chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW.
Trong Layout, bn c th to nhiu ca s ieport khc nhau, bn c th b tr, sp
p cc vieport theo mc ch ca bn. Theo mc nh, Autocad cho php bn to ti a l
64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng vieport bng cch thay i bin h thng
MAXACTVP.
Trong ieport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space. Ngoi
ra ta cn c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t l t
sn. tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE sau
chn vieport m tat ham cn hiu chnh.
S dng chc nng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l
nh mong mun.. Ti y ta cng c th chnh sa, thm bt cc i tng ca m trng
Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi li trong Model Space.
quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.
39
2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport
Autocad cho php bn ct n cc ng bin ca vieport phc v cho cc mc
ch ring ca bn. Lnh Vclip cho php bn ct n thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon bt
k. C php nh sau :
Ti dng lnh nh vpclip.
Select the viewport to clip : chn vieport cn ct n.
Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D a ng bin ct
n trc .
Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn P to ng bin a gic ct n mi.
Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary.
Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then
choose Viewport Clip
2.3. T l trong tng
Viewport
Bn c th t t l
trong tng vieport bng
lnh zoom nh ni
trn, tuy nhin t vi mt
t l chnh c bng cch
thay i t l ca vieport
trong ca s Propertie
(Ctrl_1).
d : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1 : 25, ta t trong MiscCustom : 0.04.
Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, bn chuyn la chn Display locked
2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport
Layer c th n hin trong tng iewport khc nhau l khc nhau.



Ct th 4 (reeze) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc vieport.
Ct th 12 (reeze ieport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tng vieport.
Ct th 13 (reeze ieport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport
mi sp c to.
2.5. n hin viewport
n hin vieport ph thuc vo trng thi thng s On trong
th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca ca s
viewport.
40
2.6. n hin ng bao viewport
n hin ng bao ca cc vieport, bn to ra mt layer mi cha ng bao ca
vieport m bn mun n hin n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s ph thuc vo trng
thi bt tt ca layer cha ng bao.
2.7. Scale LineType
Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin h thng Psltscale.
PsLtScale = 1 : t l dng ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca vieport.
PsLtScale = 0 : t l dng ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho d
bn c phng in t l bao nhiu i chng na.

2.8. Cc hiu chnh hc i vi Viewport
Quay s hin thi trong Layout, dng thng hang cc khung nhn, to khung nhn mi,
chnh t l khung nhn. Tham kho lnh MvSetup.
3. Cc ch hi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v
u tin to cc Dim c bn. Cc dimstyle khc s c to da trn dimstyle c
bn ban u, bng cch thay i .
Cn ch khi o kch thc, khong cch t dim n i tng dim phi ph hp
vi t l in ca i tng .
Cc thit lp Page setup ging nh trong Plot (em phn sau).
Kt lun : Nhn chung, i vi bn v cn in n vi t l tuyt i chnh c, cc bn v
kin trc cn ct n khung nhn th nn dng Paper space. Cn i vi bn v bnh thng
th khng cn v trn Paper Space
II. iu hin in n.
Trong cc cng ty nh, sau khi hon thnh bn v, ngi ta nguyn c bn v
mang ra qun in v thng nht vi qun in cc nt in.
Trong cc cng ty ln hn, sau khi hon thnh bn v, h s quy nh ng nt in.
thng nht ng nt in, ngi ta s to ra mt ile c ui l *.ctb nm trong th mc
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles, sau s lu ile ny li v copy cho tt c mi thnh vin trong cng ty. (file ny ta
s nghin cu k hn phn sau)
i vi cc cng ty c quy m ln, nhiu b mn chung mt ng in. Ngi ta s in
bn v ra di dng ile c ui *.PLT. ile ny c th in bt k my in no m khng cn
n phn mm AutoCad. N tng t nh khi ta chuyn cc ile vn bn sang *.PD in n.
i vi cc loi ile ny, ta khng cn quan tm n ont, ng nt. ung nt c
t khi ra in ra ile.
1. Khai bo thit b in.
41
in n, vo menu ile Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp thoi Plot hin ra nh
sau :


Trong mc Page setupname l tn ca Page setup. Bn c th import Page setup t
cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi ile dg. Sau khi bn khai bo ong tt c cc
thng s bn di, bn n vo Command bo Add thm mt Page setup vo trong bn
v ca bn.
Chn my in trong mc Printer/plot.
Chn kch kh giy Paper size.
Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty theo
mc ch s dng ca ngi in.
Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v.
Extents : vng in l c bn v.
Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v
Windo : vng in l mt ca s m bn s nh ngha sau .
iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot oset (origin set to ptintable area)
em trc khi in trong mc Previe.
iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale.
iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong mc Draing orientation.
iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D
As displayed : nh hin th trn mn hnh.
Wirerame : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th
ng bao ca i tng)
Hiden : b qua nhng i tng, nhng ng
bao b che khut bi mt i tng khc.
42
Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi ut bn.
Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l phn quan trng nht.
d chn kiu nt in : A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc ile ny c lu trong th mc
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles.
Di y l ngha mt s kiu in c sn :


























to mi, bn chn ne. Hp thoi ne hin ln nh sau :
Chn Start rom scratch.
43




My s to ra ile test.ctb


Bn vo nt Plot style table editor hiu chnh nt in

44


Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu bn khng
in mu th nn chuyn n thnh mu en.






2. In ra file *.PLT
Ch cn tch vo nt , sau bm nt lnh Plot, my s hi tn ile vo
ng dn ca ile *.plt.







45
Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)
I. Tham ho ngoi
1. Gii thiu v tham ho ngoi.
Tham kho ngoi l s lin kt mt bn v bt k (c gi l bn v chnh) vi mt
hay nhiu bn v khc (gi l bant v re External references). Nu ta chn mt bn v vo
trong mt bn v th bn v c chn s c nh dng l mt Block v s c lu cng
vi bn v chnh. Nu ta chnh bn v c chn th block s khng c cp nht li. Nu ta
chn mt bn v vo trong nhiu bn v khc di dng block th vic cp nht block khi
block c vi s thay i s rt mt thi gian v ta phi thay i li cc block trong tt c
cc ile chn.
Nhng nhc im trn s c khc phc th ta dng chc nng tham kho ngoi ca
AutoCAD. Khi bn v tham kho s c lu ring, khi bn v tham kho thay i th tt
c cc bn v tham kho n n s t ng thay i theo. ic dng tham kho ngoi rt hu
ch khi lm vic vi nhng d n ln. c bit l khi ta chia s ti nguyn bn v trn mng.
2. Chn mt xref vo bn v
Lnh attach
Lnh Xattach cho php ta chn mt bn v vo bn v chnh di dng tham kho
ngoi.
Command : Xattach



Hp thoi Select reference file hin ln. Ta chn ile cn chn vo bn v chnh. Sau
kich Open, hp thoi External Reference hin ln :
46


Browse : Thay i bn v chn vo.
Found in : ng dn ca bn v re.
Path type : quy nh kiu ng dn l tuyt i hay tng
i, hay khng km theo ng dn. Cc la chn ny quy nh Save
path. Bn c c th kim tra kt qu ca tng la chn ca mnh
trong Save path.
Reerence Type : kiu chn
Attachement : cho php hin th cc re lng nhau.
Overlay : khng cho php hin th cc re lng nhau.
Cc la chn v Intertion Point, Scale v Rotation tng t nh lnh insert.

Lnh ref.
Lnh xref chn mt bn v tham kho ngoi (bn v re) vo trong bn v chnh.




47
Nt Tree ie cho php ta nhn cu trc cy ca re. Danh sch
c lit k theo bng ch ci. Cc re lng c sp p theo mc
lng (hnh cy).

Attach : chn mt re vo bn v chnh. Khi n vo nt lnh ny th hp thoi
Eternal Reerence hin ln (nh trnh by trn).
Deattach : hy b re c chn. Bn v s nh i rt nhiu
Reload : c li ile re. Thng s dng khi ile re va c s thay i
Unload : G b re c chn ra khi bn v. Khc vi Deattach, Unload vn lu
li ng dn ca ile re. Nu ta mun c li ile ny ch vic n vo nt
Reload.
Bind : Quy nh s rng buc ca re vi bn v chnh. Bm vo hp thoi s hin
ln (trnh by sau)
Open : m ile re trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c th
thay i ile re, sau quay li bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong hp
thoi re Manager) s thay i ca bn v re.
Thay i ile bng nt Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi li ng dn

Khi bm vo nt Xbind ca hp thoi Xref Manager th hp thoi Bind Xrefs hin ln
nh sau (phn ny cng tng ng vi
vic dng lnh Xbind):
Bind : cc i tng ca bn v
re s c ni tip vo bn v
chnh
Insert : cc i tng ca bn v
tham kho s khng l thnh phn
ca bn v chnh.

3. M mt xref t bn v chnh
Xopen
open cho php ta m mt re ra mt ca s ring.
Command: Xopen
Select Xref:
Chn re m ra ca s ring.
External Reference Open
Chn ile re trong hp Eternal Reerence sau kich nt open.

4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh.
T phin bn AutoCAD 2002 cho php ta sa ile re ngay trn bn v chnh sau
lu tr li (Save back)

4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).

48


Identify reference
Reference name : Chn tn re cn sa, s cy s th hin c cc reerence lng
nhau. Lu l mi ln ta ch sa c mt re, nu ta chn re (D draing 1 nh hnh v)
cha re lng (draing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c re cha re lng (draing 1)
ch khng sa c re lng (draing 2). Do vy mun sa re no ta chn re sa.
Path : Hin th ng dn ca re m ta chn.
Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong ile re s c chn.
Prompt to select nested objects : kch hot ch chn cc object trong ile tham kho
m bn mun sa.

49

Setting
Create unique layer, syle, and block names :
Nt ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt c
cc object trong ile tham kho s nm trong layer ny.
Nu nt ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh bnh
thng.
Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th v
ta c th sa chng, sau khi ta ghi li th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i theo, cc
thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta chn cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.
Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn v
chnh s b kha li, chng ta khng th hiu chnh c chng.

Khi tao sa mt ile tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa s
m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.
Command: shademode
Current mode: 2D wireframe
Enter option [2D wireframe/3D
wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] <2D wireframe>: 2D
4.2. Thm b bt cc i tng hi woring set (Lnh refset).
Command: refset
Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...
Enter an option [Add/Remove] <Add>: a (chn them hay b bt bn i tng)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found
Select objects:
1 Added to working set
4.3. Lnh refclose
Sau khi hiu chnh ong bn c th ghi li hay khng ghi li cc thay i bng lnh
Refclose.
Command: refclose
50
The following symbols will be added to Xref file:
Blocks: Ghe
Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] <Save>: s
Regenerating model.
2 objects added to test
1 xref instance updated
test redefined and reloaded

Enter option :
Save : ghi li nhng thay i trong bn v re.
Discard reference changes : khng ghi li s thay i.
.
Nu bn chn ch ghi li, re s t ng reload li. y l s khc bit gia lnh
Xopen v lnh Refedit.
4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.
Bin RefEditName : cha tn bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa.
in i : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham
kho hay khng.
0 : khng th s dng sa i ile tham kho ti bn v chnh.
1 : c th s dng sa i tham kho ti ch.
in indType: Bin iu khin cc tn tham kho c qun l nh th no kho rng
buc hoc sa i trn bn v chnh.
0 : theo phng php rng buc truyn thng (tn re|Symbol tr
thnh re$0$Symbol).
1 : theo phng php ging nh chn (tn re|Symbol tr thnh
Symbol)
in ac : Bin ny iu khin m nht ca cc i tng khng nm trong ca
s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca adectl (Controls the fading intensity
percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nht v 90% m nht)
5. iu hin s hin th ca mt xref.
Bn c th iu khin s hin th ca cc lp c trong re bn c th ch nhn thy
cc lp cn thit m thi. C mt s tnh nng cho php bn iu chnh qu trnh hin th ca
re, iu khin khung nhn re, lm tng tc hin th ca cc re qu ln.
5.1. ref v cc thnh phn hin ph thuc.
Cc thnh phn ph thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc mc c t tn trong c trong
bn v, chng hn nh lp, kiu vn bn, kiu ghi kch thc, Khi bn gn (Attach) mt
bn v th cc thnh phn ph thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh. d trong layer
control s hin th cc lp ca re. Cc thnh phn ph thuc c tn theo nh dng
Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng tn ny c gip ta phn bit cc thnh phn ca re
vi cc thnh phn ca bn v chnh.
5.2. ref v lp.
Bn c th bt tt hoc lm ng cc lp ca re. Bn cng c th thay i cc thuc
tnh thng qua hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i ny ch
c tnh tm thi. Khi bn m bn v ln sau th re c ti vo bn v chnh v cc c lp
li tr li nh ban u. Tuy nhin bn cng c th lu gi cc c lp ca bn bng cch thay
i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha khi bn ghi bn v li, ngha l
trc bn thay i bin ny nh th no i chng na, trc khi ghi bn v li AutoCAD
s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi li s thay i ca bn hay khng.
51
5.3. Lnh bin.
Bn cng c th s dng lnh bind ch nhp cc thnh phn cn thit t bn v
tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s gip bn c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp hp
thng nht cc thnh phn trong bn v hin hnh v re.



Chn i tng cn chuyn ri n phm Add-> chuyn sang bn v hin hnh.
Tng t ta c th loi b cc i tng chuyn bng nt <-Remove.
5.4. Tham chiu vng.
Nu bn v a c cha bn v b nh mt tham chiu ngoi. Bn v b li cha bn v a
nh tham chiu ngoi, nh vy ta c mt tham chiu vng.
Tham chiu vng c th tn ti cho ba hoc nhiu hn cc re
cng nh kho bn c cc re lng. AutoCAD s d tm cc
tham chiu vng v c ti n ln khi c th. Nu bn c ti n
ln nh vy th AutoCAD s c thng bo nh hnh v bn :
Click nt Yes tip tc ti re.
Breaking circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to
"current drawing".
Nu click nt No th bn v s khng c ti v AutoCAD s thng bo nh sau :
Warning: Circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to "current drawing".
Regenerating model.
5.5. n cc xref.
Lnh Xclip : iu khin s hin th ca mt re hay bolck. ile tham kho ngoi c th
c hin th mt phn hay ton b. S dng lnh Xclip c nh ng bao n (clipping
boundary). Cc i tng nm trong ng bao n s c hin th v nhng vng nm
ngoi s khng c hin th. Cc i tng hnh hc ca re s khng thay i, ta ch iu
chnh s hin th ca re m thi.
Lnh Xclip to mi, hiu chnh, a cc ng bao n.

Command: xclip
Select objects: 1 found ( chn cc xref hoc block)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects:
Enter clipping option (chn cc chc nng di y)
[ON/OFF/Clipdepth/Delete/generate Polyline/New boundary] <New>:
52

New boundary : dng nhc sau s c hin ln
[Select polyline/Polygonal/Rectangular] <Rectangular>:
Select polyline : chn mt ng Polyline sn c lm ng bao, a tuyn c th
kn hoc cng c th l mt a tuyn h.
Polygonal : chn cc nh ca mt hnh a gic lm ng bao.
Rectangular : chn cc nh ca mt hnh ch nht.
ON/OFF : iu chnh s hin th ca re.
ON : s hin ln phn ca re nm trong ng bao
OFF : s hin ln ton b re.
Clipdepth : cho php chn mt phng n (cliping plane) nm trc hoc sau re
(chc nng ny ca block cng c trong lnh Dvie). Clipd depth ch dng cho v 3D. Dng
nhc sau s ut hin :
Delete : la chn ny dng a ng bao hin c, khi no ta quan st ton b
re hoc block. Lu l lnh Erase khng th a ng bao n.
Generate Polyline : AutoCAD s to ra mt ng a tuyn dc theo ng bao n.
a tuyn mi s c nhiu mu, dng ng, chiu rng nt in v cc trng thi ca lp hin
hnh. Ta c th hiu chnh lai ng bao bng cch hiu chnh li a tuyn ny sau chnh
li ng bao n bng la chn Seclect polyline ca lnh Xclip.

Bin Xclipframe :
Bin ny dng kim tra s hin th ca ng bao n c to bi lnh clip.
Xclipframe = 1 : s hin ln ng bao n.
Xclipframe = 1 : ng bao n s khng c hin ln.
5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.
gim bt thi gian AutoCAD ti to li bn v, bn c th s dng mt s tnh nng
sau tng tc hin th bn v.
Tnh nng ti bn v theo yu cu (Demand loading). Tnh nng ny cho php
AutoCAD ch ti cc i tng cn c hin th ca re.
Ch mc khng gian (spatial inde) c to ra khi bn lu bn v. Ch mc ny
ch c to ra khi ta s dng tnh nng (demand loading). Khi lu bn v
AutoCAD s lu cng vi ch mc v cch thc ti cc re. AutoCAD da trn
ch mc ny quy nh nhng phn no ca re s c c ln hin th.
Ch mc lp (layer inde) cng c to ra trong khi ta lu bn v. AutoCAD s
s dng ch mc ny lu li cc layer b ng hoc b ng bng. Tnh nng ny
s quy nh mc re cn c c bn v c hin th nhanh hn.
Tnh nng ny ch thc s c hiu lc khi :
Tnh nng Demand loading phi c kch hat trong bn v hin hnh.
re phi c lu vi ch s khng gian hoc ch s lp.
re phi c n (vi ch mc khng gian) v c lp ng bng hoc ng (vi
ch mc lp).
Tnh nng Demand Loading :
Kch hat tnh nng ny bng la chn : Tools|Options|Open and Save. Trong danh sch
th ung ca Demand load xrefs chn
Enabled : Nhng ngi khc trong mng h thng c th m bn v re ny
nhng h khng th hiu chnh ile khi bn ang tham chiu n n.
53

Enabled with copy : AutoCAD s to ra ile nhp (makes a temporary copy of the
externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) re s c ti
vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong mng h
thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny.
Disabled : ton b bn v re s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo bn
v chnh.

Bn c th bt chc nng ny trc khi bn ti mt re ch khng nht thit phi bt
ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic.

Ch mc hng gian (spatial index)
Bn lu mt ch mc cho bn
Ch mc lp.

6. Qun l xref
6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.

6.2. Xref notification
Khi mt ile re b thay i ni dung.
Cad s thng bo cho ta bit nh sau : A
reference file has changed and may need
reloading. Khi bn cp nht li bn v th
thng bo trn s bin mt.
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
Bn cng c th s dng AutoCAD
Design Center qun l re.
6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref.
Nu bn c lp bin h thng reCTL l 1 (theo mc nh bin ny l 0). AutoCAD s
ghi li tt c cc thao tc trn re ca bn vo mt ile m ACII. Bn c th c ile bin bn
ny khc phc cc vn trc trc c th y ra. Di y in trnh by mt ile bin bn
ca re. Theo mc nh Autocad s t ile bin bn vo cng th mc vi ile re v tn n
c dng xrefname.xlg.
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Woring with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
54
Chc nng ny cho php ta lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi mt d liu ngoi. Ta
c th to cc nhn nh km vi cc i tng. Cc nhn ny c th l cc thng tin v i
tng, cc thuc tnh i km vi i tng c cha trong ile d liu.
Ta c th lm vic vi cc loi d liu ngoi sau :
Microsoft Access.
Vusual Dbase.
Dbase.
Microsoft Excel.
Oracle.
Paradox
Microsoft Visual FoxPro.
SQL Server.

Cc khi nim c bn.
Emvironment (mi trng) : L ci nn tt c cc thao tc trn c s d liu
chy trn n. N bao gm tt c cc c s d liu m ngi dng c th thao tc
trn n.
Catalog (mc lc) : l tp hp cc i tng c chung mt thuc tnh no .
Schema (biu ) : l mt hay nhiu cc mi quan h gia mt nhm cc i tng
c lin quan n nhau.
2. Cc chun b cho vic t ni c s d liu.
C rt nhiu cch kt ni vi c s d liu ngoi nh dng
Di y in trnh by cch kt ni d liu ngoi qua Data Source ca Microsot :
ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity).
Cc bc chun b t ni c s d liu nh sau :
Bo m bn ci t tnh nng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD.
Bo m l bn c chng trnh ODBC- Data source ca Microsoft.
nh cu hnh driver c s d liu thch hp, s dng ODBC v cc chng trnh
OLE BD.
nh cu hnh ngun d liu t trong AutoCAD.
Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT.
Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt khu. Nu h thng yu cu.
Kt ni n ngun d liu.
Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn.
Lin kt hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v CAD.
To nhn da trn d liu trong bng v nu mun.

Ci t tnh nng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD.
bit r bn ci tnh nng ny hay cha, bn vo menu tools dbConnect. Nu c
ngha l bn ci t n.
Nu cha, bn chy setup li, ri chn nt Add, trong mn hnh k tip bn chn
DataBase.
Ci t ODBC.
bit r bn ci tnh nng ny hay cha, bn vo menu StartSettingsControl
panelAdministrative Tools. Nu c ngha l bn ci t n.
Nu cha, bn c th donload ree n t a ch .microsot.com, trong mc
Microsoft ODBC Driver Pack.
nh cu hnh mt d liu ngun.
55
Trnh by cc cc bc to mt b d liu ngun trn OBDC. Gii thiu hai c s d
liu l Access v Ecel.
nh cu hnh ngun d liu t trong AutoCAD.
Trnh by cc bc to mt kt ni trong AutoCAD trn Slide.
Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT.
Thc hin connect trong AutoCAD, quan st cc d liu trong c s d liu.
Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt hu. Nu h thng yu cu
Thc hin cc truy cp user v passord nu data base yu cu.
Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn.
Trnh by cc tnh nng thm bt, sa i v cp nht d liu kt ni.
Trnh by cc tnh nng vie trong dataconnect.
Lin t hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v CAD.
To nhn da trn d liu trong bng v nu mun.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
Nhp p chut vo Data sources (ODBC) trong Control Panel, hp thai ODBC Data
Source Aministrator hin ln. Ta c th to mi, chnh sa cu hnh ca tng kt ni.
to mi ta n nt Add, chnh sa ta chn c s d liu cn chnh sa, n nt
configure.
n nt add, ca s Create Ne Data source hin ln :

Chn driver m bn mun kt ni, d nh Driver do Microsot Acces (*.mdb)
chng hn, sau n Finish. hp thoi ODBC Microsot Access Setup hin ln :
56

Data Source Name : nh tn ca c s d liu bn mun to.
Description : m t c s d liu ny.
Database : Thao tc vi c s d liu ca bn.
Select : chn c s d liu c.
Create : to mi mt c s d liu.
Repair : sa mt c s d liu c sn.
Compact : nn mt c s d liu.
Option : cha cc ty chn v kt ni.
Advandce :


Deault Authorization : cha cc thng tin v user v passord c quyn truy
cp vo c s d liu.
57
Options : bao gm cc thuc tnh ca c s d liu. Bn c th em v chnh sa
li chng.

4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
Vo Tools Dbconnect (lnh dbconnect, hoc n ctrl_6) bt ca s DBCONNECT
MANAGER. Theo mc nh ca AutoCAD trong mc Data Sources s c sn data
Jet_dbsamples.
thm mt c s d liu vo trong AutoCAD ta nhn phi chut vo Data Sources
chn Conigure Data Source. Ca s Conigure a Data Source hin ln.



Trong Data Source Name ta in tn ca c s d liu kt ni. Nhn OK ca s Data
Link Properties hin ln.

Provider : Chn kiu kt ni trung gian. y ta chn ODBC drivers. Sau n Net.
Connection : Chn kt ni c sn m ta to trong mc nh cu hnh d liu cho
ODBC
Use data source of data : Chn tn kt ni ODBC thit lp bc trc.
Enter information to log on to server : in y user
name v password truy nhp vo server nu c.
Sau test connection. Nu connect thnh cng bn s c
thng bo Test connection succeeded nh hnh di
y.

Advanced : Chn cc ty chn kt ni nh thi goan kt ni, cc ty chn v v quyn
truy cp d liu.
All : Hin th v chnh sa ton b thuc tnh ca
kt ni c s d liu.

Sau n OK, c s d liu kt ni s hin ln
trong mc Data Sources ca DBCONNECT
MANAGER.
5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD

58

Bn c th chnh sa d liu ca c s d liu ngay trong AutoCAD (ng nhin l
nu trnh kt ni d liu cho php). Bn bt ca s Dataie ln bng cch nhp p chut
tri vo bng d liu cn em.
T bng ny bn c th chnh sa, thm bt cc bn ghi, cc trng ca mi bn ghi..
Nhng lu l khi bn chnh sa, d liu chnh sa s khng c cp nht ngay lp tc. Bn
mun cp nht d liu chnh sa, bn nhn phi chut vo hnh mi tn bn gc trn tri nh
hnh v.
Commit : cp nht li d liu
Restore : Phc hi li d liu gc (khng ghi li s chnh sa)
Cc thao tc nh dng d liu cng ging ht nh trong Ecel.
Cc chc nng nh dng nh ind, replace, ormat c th tham kho trong menu
Data View.
6. To cc mu t ni.
Ta c th to ra cc kt ni t cc i tng trong bn v n cc trng ca c s d
liu. Thng thng cc kt ni ny dng thng k s lng cc i tng trong bn v lin
kt vi mt trng no , v t ta bit c cc thng tin v i tng . c c
mt kt ni trc tin ta phi to ra c mu kt ni. Sau y trnh by cc bc to ra
c mt mu kt ni.
Bn c th lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi nhiu bn ghi (record) trong c s d
liu nu mun v bn c th lin kt mt bn ghi vi nhiu i tng trong bn v. d bn
c n gian phng, mi gian phng c t mt n 2 in thoi, v bn c mt bng cc s in
thoi. Bn c th gn mi mt ci in thoi (trong bn v) vi mt trng ca d liu s in
thoi va bn. Nu mt phng c 2 in thoi nhng chung mt dy th bn c th gn c hai
cho mt s
Mu lin kt link template gip AutoCAD nhn bit c trng no trong c s d
liu s c ly ra lin kt vi cc i tng trong bn v.
Cc bc to mt mu lin kt nh sau :
Chn t menu DBConnectTemplateNew
Link Template (nu c mt bng c m
sn, bn c th chn nt lnh new Link
Template trong ca s Dbconnect).
Nu bn cha m mt bng d liu no,
AutoCAD s m hp thoi Select Data
Object. Chn mt bng v click nt
Continue.
59

Trong hp vn bn New Template Name ca hp thoi New Link Template, bn
nh tn ca mu lin kt vo. Nu bn c mt mu lin kt trc , bn mun s
dng n lm c s cho mt mu mi, bn chn n t trong danh sch th xung
Start With Template. Click
Continue.

Trong hp thoi Link Template,
chn hp kim ca mt trng
kha (key Field). Nu trng
kha ca bn chn c cc hng
trng nhau bt k, bn s phi
chn thm mt trng kha th
hai.
Click OK. AutoCAD to cho bn mt mu lin kt. Bn c th quan st thy
mu lin kt ca bn trong ca s DBconnect bn di bn v hin hnh.
Lu : khi chn trng kha, bn nn chn trng kha khng c bt k mt hng no
trng nhau. Nu c hng trng nhau, AutoCAD s ly gi tr ca hng no n tm thy trc,
cn tt c cc hng sau n s b qua. Nh vy vic chn trng kha l rt quan trong. Nu
chn trng kha khng duy nht, bn s c th b st d liu.
Sa li mu lin kt : chn menu DBConnectTemplatesEdit link Template. Trong
hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m bn mun sa. Cc bc cn
li nh to mt mu lin kt.
a mu lin kt : DBConnectTemplatesDelete link Template. Sau trong hp
thoi Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m bn mun a.
7. To hiu chnh v xa cc t ni.
Cc bc to mt kt ni nh sau :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu
lin kt to trong danh sch th xung Select a Link Template pha trn ca
ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lin kt vi bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Links.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun kin kt vi bn ghi va chn trong
c s d liu.
Kt thc chn i tng AutoCAD s a ra thng k trn dng lnh command v
d nh : 1 record(s) linked with 1 object (s). By gi bn c mt lin kt gia
d liu v bn v.
Cc bc hiu chnh mt kt ni nh sau :
60
Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink Manager m Link Manager. Sau
bn chn mt i tng m bn mun hiu chnh. (hoc bn c th chn i tng
t trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink Manager).
Trong ct Value, nhp gi tr mi m bn mun hiu chnh.
Cc bc a mt kt ni nh sau :
Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink
Manager m Link Manager. Sau bn
chn mt i tng m bn mun xa lin
kt. (hoc bn c th chn i tng t trong
bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink
Manager).
Sau bn chn cc i bn ghi m bn
mun xa, n nt delete.
Ngoi ra bn cng c th ut thng tin kt ni,
to thnh mt dnh sch cc bn ghi lin kt vi i
tng cn ut.
Chn dbConnectLinksExport Links.
Select objects : chn i tng m bn mun
xut thng tin lin kt.
Trong mc Include Fields bn chn cc
trng bn mun xut.
Trong danh sch save as type (AutoCAD cho
bn 3 kiu ile nh trong phn ut thng tin thuc tnh ca khi ni trong mc
trc)
t tn ile ri n nt save.
8. Quan st cc t ni.
Bn cng c th quan st li cc kt ni to. C 2 kiu quan st kt ni :
Quan st cc i tng kt ni (View Linked Objects).
Quan st cc bn ghi kt ni (View Linked Records).
AutoCAD t ng chn cc i tng lin kt khi bn chn mt hng, bn chn
Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects.
AutoCAD t ng chn cc hng lin kt khi bn chn i tng trn bn v, bn
chn Data ieAutoview Linked Objects.
Cc ty bin trong hin th cc lin kt (Data ie Option):
AutoPan v Autozoom hin th cc i tng c chn mt cch t ng. Ta
cng c th hiu chnh t l zoom factor (tnh theo n v %). T l ny mc nh l
50% c ngha l vng cha cc i tng = 50% vng ta quan st trong bn v.
Record Indication Record (show all records hoc select indicated records) hiu
chnh ch hin th cc bn ghi lin kt hay hin tt c cc bn ghi ca bng v cc
bn ghi lin kt s c nh du theo mu c chn mc Mark Indicated
Records.
61


9. To mu nhn.
Ta cng c th to cc thng tin nh km vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc thng
tin ny s bn dnh ly i tng trong bn v (hoc khng bm dnh ly i tng trong bn
v ty theo tnh nng m ta chn). Nu l gn dnh th khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt
th cc thng tin ny cng di chuyn theo. Ngi ta gi cc thng tin ny l cc nhn (Label).
to c cc nhn (label), u tin ta phi to c cc mu nhn (Label Template).
Sau y trnh by cc bc to c mt mu nhn.
Chn t menu dbConnect-->Templates-->New Label Template.
Hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mu lin kt s dng lm mu nhn.
Click continue.
Hp thoi New Label Template. Nhp tn mu nhn trong hp vn bn New Label
Template Name. Nu bn c sn mt mu nhn, bn mun s dng n lm c s
cho mu nhn mi, chn t danh sch th xung Start with Template. Click
contine.

Cad s m hp thoi Label Template nh hp thoi Multiline Text Editor. Bn c
th nh dng vn bn nh trong Multiline Text Editor.
62
Trn Tab Label Fields, chn mt
trng m bn mun xut hin
trn nhn t danh sch th xung
Field List, sau kch nt Add.
Nu mun add thm trng vo
nhn bn lp li cc bc trn.
Trn Tab Label Offset, chn kiu
canh l trong hp start. Nhp
di X v Y trong hp Leader offset quy nh khong cch gia im u ca
mi tn nh dng v im chn ca vn bn (mu khong cch ny qu b gn
mi tn th mi tn s b bin mt). Nhp di X v Y trong hp Tip offset quy
nh khong cch t im u ca mi tn n im chn ca cui mi tn trn i
tng gn dnh.


Hiu chnh mt mu nhn :
Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateEdit Label Template.
Chn mu nhn m bn mun hiu chnh trong hp thoi Select a Database
Object.

a mt mu nhn :
Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateDelete Label Template.
Chn mu nhn m bn mun xa trong hp thoi Select a Database Object.

10. To nhn.
Phn loi nhn :
Nhn t do (attached Label): l nhn khng i km vi mt i tng no ca
AutoCAD.
Nhn gn dnh (Freestanding Label): l nhn nh km vi mt i tng no .
Khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt, nhn gn dnh cng di chuyn theo.
Cc bc to mt nhn nh km :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha
v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template
pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong
bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Attached Label.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.
Cc bc to mt nhn t do :
63
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha
v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template
pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong
bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Freestanding Label.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.

Mun a nhn ta chn nhn cn a t bn v, nhn nt delete trn bn phm.
11. S dng query truy tm d liu
Bn c th truy tm d liu bng cc s dng ngn ng SQL. SQL l ngn ng c s
dng hu ht trong tt c cc c s d liu tinh chnh v ly cc thng tin t c s d liu.
Bn c th s dng query lm nhng vic sau :
Xem mt tp con ca mt c s d liu.
Ly d liu t cc bng khc nhau ca c s d liu.
To mt tp chn t hp thoi Link Select.
M hp thoi Query Editor, bn thc hin qua cc bc sau :
Menu dbConnectQueriesNew Query on a link Template.
Chn mu nhn bn mun s dng trong hp thoi Select a DataBase Object.
Click continue.
nh tn Query bn mun to trong hp New Query Name (bn c th chn mt
query c sn nu c lm c s trong danh sch th xung Existing query names).

AutoCAD cho php ta s dng mt s m hnh SQL sau :
11.1. S dng Quick Query



Gii thch :
Look up values : nu bn khng nh r gi tr ca trng bn c th nhn vo nt
ny xem trc cc gi tr ca trng.
64
Indicate records in data view : nu c chn th tt c cc bn ghi c chn khi
thi hnh query s c hin th trn data view.
Indicate Objects in drawing : nu c chn th tt c cc objects lin kt vi cc
bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh cng s c chn theo trn bn v.
Store : lu li query.
Execute : thi hnh query.
11.2. S dng Range Query



Dng truy tm d liu c gi tr t rom n gi tr Through.
a. S dng Range Query


Nhm ngoc n gip bn nhm cc nhm iu kin li thnh mt nhm (nh cc php
ton logic thng thng).
65
ields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn.
Sho ields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn.
Sort by : trng s c ch nh sp p.
11.3. S dng Range Query


Bn c th s dng ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. Nt check s gip
bn kim tra c php ca mnh
11.4. S dng Lin Select
Link select cho php tao to ra mt tp chn s dng query.
Cc bc to mt tp chn Link Select :

66

Ban u, ta chn trong menu xung Do la chn select.
To ra mt tp chn u tin ri nhn Execute.
Sau ta li chn trong menu xung Do cc php ton logic.
To ra cc tp chn th hai bng cch nhn Execute.
III. Lm vic vi Raster Image
1. Tng quan
Bn c th chn cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital photographs)
vo bn v. bn cht, cc nh chn ny l tp hp cc im nh (Piels), cn cc i tng
(Object) trong AutoCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh chn s c kch thc ln v nng hn
cc i tng ca CAD. CAD cho php bn c th zoom, pan cng nh in n bn v cha
Images.
2. Chn nh (inserting images
chn nh, ta chn insertRaster image chn ile v ng dn ti n.
67

3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)
Chn InsertImage Manager m hp thoi Image Manager


Attach inserts an image, opening the Image dialog box
Detach erases the image from your drawing and deletes all reference to it in
the drawing database.
Reload redisplays an image after you have unloaded it.
Unload removes the display of the image but retains the reference to it. Later, you
can reload the image to redisplay it.
Details provides you with a preview, as well as information about the image, its
path, and its size.
4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images)
Mc ch : i khi ta khng cn hin th tt c hnh nh, ta ch cn hin th mt phn
cu hnh nh. Vic xn bt hnh nh s lm cho bn v nh hn, tng tc zoom v pan cho
bn v.
Cch lm : ModifyClipImage
68
5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)
5.1. iu khin hin th
Chn ModifyObjectImage (hoc lnh IMAGEADJUST)

5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)
Chn ModifyObjectImageQuality (hoc lnh IMAGEQUALITY)
Lnh ny c tc dng cho tt c cc nh c trn bn v, chn High_Quality s lm cho
bn v chm hn. i la chn ny CAD s chuyn ch in sang high quality
5.3. Image transparency
Chuyn ch qun l nh t pixel sang ch nh nn. Modify Object Image
Transparency. Mc nh l O, bt ch ny, bn chuyn sang ON.
5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
Khi bn tt ch ng bao ca nh, bn s khng th chn c nh na. bt tt
ch ny bn chn : ModifyObjectImageFrame
IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
Phn ny chng ta s nghin cu s chia s d liu d AutoCAD v cc ng dng khc.
Bn c th chn d liu (Text or Image) t cc ng dng ngoi bng cc phng php
sau :
Embed : i tng c chn vo bn v s c kh nng tr v chng trnh
ngun khi bn mun Edit chng. Ngha l khi bn double-click vo i tng ,
chng trnh ngun s c m ra v bn c th chnh sa chng.
Paste : i tng (objects) s c chn vo bn v, s dng khi bn khng mun
lin kt vi chng trnh ngun. Thng c s dng khi bn ch mun hin th
chng m khng cn chnh sa, hoc nhng i tng c th c chnh sa
bng AutoCAD
Link : i tng (objects) c chn vo bn v di dng ng link. CAD
khng lu object m ch lu ng dn ti file cha Object . Khi ile ngun b
thay i th s thay i s c update vo trong AutoCAD file.
Tt c cc la chn Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects u nm trong mc
Option ca Paste special. Link v Embedding ging nh OLE (Object Linking and
Embedding)
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
Cch 1
TAutoCAD, chn inertOLE Object m insert Object dialog box (hoc c th
bng lnh INSERTOBJ). (The entries listed in this dialog box depend on the
applications you have installed on your computer.)
69
To file mi, chn Create New ng dng s c m ra bn to d liu mi
sau khi kt thc choose FileUpdate t ng dng . Sau ng ng dng li
quay li vi AutoCAD.
Bn c th chn an existing file, chn Create From File. Click Browse tm file
cn chn. Click Open. Chn Link link the data (described in the next section of
this chapter). Chn OK. AutoCAD t file top-left corner
Cch 2
Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn embedding.
Cch 3
Bn ng dng ngun v Autocad
nh du phn d liu mun chn vo trong CAD, gi Ctrl_drag vo trong CAD.
OLE objects c mt s nhc im sau :
Nu chng cha tham kho ngoi hoc block th chng s khng c hin th v
khng c in ra.
Trong mt s trng hp, OLE objects c th b in ra bng my in h thng m
khng qua iu khin in ca AutoCAD.
OLE objects khng b xoay cng vi bn v khi bn s dng Plot rotation. Tuy
nhin bn c th xoay OLE objects bng cch iu chnh Lanscape setting trong
my in h thng (the windows system printer)
2. Linking data
Cch lm :
Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn link
Lu :
Khi bn m file CAD c cha ng link, CAD s cho bn la chn Update file
link c trong bn v.
Tuy nhin bn cng c th iu khin Update trong lc ang m bn v bng cch
vo insertOle links.

Trong qu trnh lm vic, ai thay i ng dn file link ca bn, bn c th
break link v change source.
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
M ng dngcopy
M CADEditpate special List hin ra ph thuc vo ng dng ngun.
70
Chng 4 : T BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)
I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)
1. Khi nim v Shape.
Shape l mt object (i tng) c s dng nh l mt block. Shape cha cc i
tng nh ng thng, cung trn c nh ngha trong ile .SHP, l ile dng vn bn
ASSCII. s dng c trong bn v cc ile ny phi c bin dch thnh cc ile .SH
bng lnh Complie trong AutoCAD. Sau , s dng lnh Load ti ile .SH vo bn v,
dng lnh Shape chn cc shape vo bn v (nh l s dng lnh insert khi chn block).
Ta cng c th nh r t l, gc quay cho mi ln chn shape vo bn v. Ngoi ra, shape cn
c d dng to cc ont ch, to cc dng ng phc tp.
Block linh hot hn v d s dng hn shape. Tuy nhin cc shape li hiu qu hn
trong vic lu tr v v. N c ti nhanh hn so vi block v rt c ch khi bn v qu ln
v khi tc l quan trng.
Bn cng c th ti ile Shape vo trong AutoCAD bng lnh load, hoc g b n khi
AutoCAD bng lnh Purge.


Figure 1: Load shape file

71

Figure 2 : Purge shape files
Chn ile shape cn g b sau n Purge.
ng dng ca Shape :
Dng tp cc font ch.
Dng tao ra cc dng ng phc tp.
Ngoi ra Shape cn c s dng nh Block.
Cch to ra cc Shape : chng ta nh ngha cc Shape trong ile .SHP. Sau y trnh
by cch m t mt Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
Cc shape trong AutoCAD c m t c th trong ile .SHP v cc ile c bin dch
l .SH. Ta c th s dng text editor hoc word processor to mi hoc sa cc shape
trong shape file c v lu li thnh ile c phn m rng l .SHP di dng in ASCII ormat.
Mi ile trong shape c m t bng nhiu dng, mi dng cha ti a 128 k t,
nhng dng di hn s khng c bin dch. Cc dng ch thch bt u bng du chm
phy. AutoCAD s t ng b i cc dng trng v chui k t bn phi du chm phy.
C php m t mt shape trong ile shape nh sau :
*shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte1,specbyte2,specbyte3,...,0
* : du sao quy nh bt u m t mt Shape mi.
Shapenumber : s nh danh ca shape
Defbytes : S lng cc byte m t ca shape
Shapename : Tn ca shape
Dng tip theo l cc bye m t (specbyte) shape, mi byte ngn cch nhau mt
du phy. kt thc bng s 0.
Shapenumber
72
L s nguyn c gi tr t 1 n 255 (i khi ti 32768 i vi cc shape ile dng
to ont unicode), s nguyn ny phi l duy nht, s nh danh ca 2 shape bt k trong cng
mt file khng c trng nhau.
Defbytes
S lng cc byte m t shape (S lng cc specbyte) bao gm c s 0 sau cng. Mt
shape c ti a 2000 byte m t.
Shapename
Tn ca shape bt buc phi l ch hoa. Tn cha k t thng s b b qua v thng
c s dng lm nhn cho ont shape.
Specbyte
Byte m t. Bye ny c biu din di dng s thp phn hoc s thp lc. Nu s
u tin l s 0 th hai ch s tip theo s l gi tr thp lc. C hai loi byte m t.
M vector (Vector Length and Direction Code)
M c bit (Special Codes)
Nghin cu c th tng loi Specbyte :
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
Mt byte m t (Specbyte) n gin cha cc di cc vector v hng ca chng
c s ha trong mt bye. Mi m vector l mt chui bao
gm 3 k t.
K t u tin phi l s 0, do 2 k t tip theo
biu din s thp lc phn.
K t th hai biu din chiu di vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n (15 n v chiu di).
K t th ba biu din hng ca vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n (15 n v chiu di). Hnh sau y
minh ha hng c s ha.
Ch : Cc vector ny u c di l 1 n v.
d sau y dng mt shape c tn l DBO vi s
nh danh l 230.
*230,6,DBOX
014,010,01C,018,012,0
Dng trnh son tho NotePad to mt ile vn bn c ni dung nh trn, sau ghi li
vi tn l dbo.shp. S dng lnh Compile trong AutoCAD bin dch thnh ile dbo.sh.
S dng lnh Load ti ile dbo.sh vo trong AutoCAD. Sau s dng lnh shape nh
sau :
Command: shape
Enter shape name or [?]: dbox
Specify insertion point: 1,1
Specify height <current>: 2
Specify rotation angle <current>: 0

Kt qu l ta v c hnh sau :
Trnh t v c miu t trn hnh v. im bt u v c
ta (1,1). Trnh t v : 014,010,01C,018,012. S 0 sau cng
kt thc chui m t.
2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)
Cc m c bit dng to cc hnh dng c bit. Mi m t c bit l mt chui 3
k t :
K t u tin phi l s khng.
73
K t th hai phi l s khng.
K t ba c nh chc nng (miu t trong bng lit k). Gi tr thp lc phn nhp vo
t 1 n (15).
Ch : cc m vn c th vit di dng thp lc phn hoc thp phn. D 008 hay 8
u c ngha nh nhau. Di y trnh by m thp lc phn :

M thp lc
phn
ngha
000 Kt thc chui m t shape
001 Chuyn qua cc ch v
002 Tt ch v, chuyn qua ch di chuyn bt v
003 Theo sau m 003 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 c nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 003 s c chia cho t
l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD
004 Theo sau m 004 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 c nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 004 s c nhn cho t
l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD
005 Lu tr v tr hin ti vo trong ngn p
006 Ly v tr v c lu trc ra khi ngn p
007 M t subshape, S lng cc subshape s c m t trong
byte k tip sau m ny
008 vector vi chiu di v hng bt k. Hai byte theo sau m
ny quy nh di v y.
00A lin tip cc cung 45
O
. Hai byte theo sau n c nh bn
knh, s lng v chiu di ca cc cung ny.
00B cung trn bt k. Nm byte theo sau m 00B s miu t cung
trn c v.
00C cung trn da vo h s cong.
00D lin tip cc cung trn da vo h s cong.
00E S dng khi m t ont ch. (s ni k trong phn sau)

Sau y ta t chi tit vic s dng cc m c bit.

M 000 : Kt thc chui m t.
Sau m 000 nh du kt thc chui m t ca mt shape. Ch sau s 0 phi n enter.

M 001 v 002 : Bt tt ch v.
001 : bt ch v (deaut in shape description). Cc m m tk tip m 001 s c
v trn mn hnh.
002 : Tt ch v. Cc m m t sau m 002 s khng c v ln mn hnh. Nhng
con tr v (bt v) vn di chuyn theo cc m m t sau n.
d : nh don m sau vo ile eample.shp ri dch thnh ile .sh c ni dung nh
sau :
*232,12,DBOX21
044,040,04C,048,002,012,001,024,020,02C,028,0

Chng trnh s thc hin nh sau :
4 byte u 044,040,04C,048 s v mt hnh vung di cnh l 4 n v.
3 byte tip theo 002,012,001 : s tt ch v, chuyn sang ch di chuyn. Di
chuyn mt on 012 sau li bt ch v.
74
4 byte k tip 024,020,02C,028 v hnh vung cnh l 2 n v.

M 003 v 004 : Thay i t l v.
Theo sau hai m ny l mt s nguyn t 1-255, quy nh t l v.
Nu l m 003 th t l v s c chia cho s ng sau n.
Nu l m 004 th t l v s c nhn vi s ng sau n.
d : 004,10 : Cc nt v tip sau n s c di bng di m m t nhn vi 10.

d : Ta cng v hnh DBO2 trn nhng s dng m thay i t l:
Ta gi hnh ny l DBO22, on m m t DBO22 nh sau.
*233,12,DBOX22
(* hnh v tip tc on m y ch th hin Ly li t l *)

M v : Lu v phc hi v tr ca con tr trong stack.
M 005 y ta con tr v vo stack (ngn p) v m 006 ly ta ra khi stack
v gn n cho ta con tr hin hnh (ni cch khc l phc hi v tr con tr lu trong
stack).
Ngn p ti a ch lu tr c 4 v tr. Nu lu tr qu kh nng ca n AutoCAD s
thng trn stack : Position stack overflow in shape nnn
Nu stack ang rng, ta c tnh dng 006 ly ta ra khi stack. Khi v shape ny
AutoCAD s thng bo Position stack underflow in shape nnn.
d : Ta v hnh DBO2 nhng c s dng code 005 v 006 nh sau :
( hnh m t )

M : M t subshape
M 007 ch yu dng to ont ch. Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn to ont ch.

M v 9 : dch chuyn theo phng v Y
Thng thng m vector ch cho php ta v c trong 16 hng nh sn vi di ti
a l 15 n v. Ta dng m ny v nhanh chng cc shape n
gin, nhng khng th dng to cc shape phc tp. i m
008,009 bn c th v vector c di v hng khng gii hn,
bng cch s dng dch chuyn ,Y ( dch chuyn tng i so
vi im m con tr v ang ng).
Theo sau m 008 l 2 byte quy nh di ,Y vi dng sau :
008,X-displacement,Y-displacement
di -displacement,Y-displacement c gi tr trong khong
-128 n +127. Du (+) l khng bt buc. Chng ta cng c th s
dng du ngoc n cho d c v d kim sot :
008,(X-displacement,Y-displacement)

d : (-10,3) m t vector hng v tri 10 n v v hng ln
trn 3 n v.

Khc vi m 008 ch v mt vector, m 009 v lin tip cc vector.
Theo sau m 009 l cc cp byte quy nh di (,Y) v du hiu
nhn bit kt thc m 009 l cp byte (0,0).
V d : 009,(3,1),(3,2),(2,-3),(0,0) v lin tip ba vector c di tng (3,1),(3,2),(2,-
3).

75
M A : v cung trn 45 .
Theo sau m 00A l 2 byte nh ngha mt cung trn 45
o
(bng 1/8 ng trn). Cc
cung c nh th t t 0 n 7 tnh theo v tr u ca cung.

M m t cung trn nh sau :
10,radius,()0SC
Bn knh (radius) c gi tr t 1 n 255.
Byte th 2 (-)0SC m t :
Du (-) quy nh hng v ca cung trn (v ngc
chiu kim ng h nu l dng, theo chiu kim ng h
nu l m).
0 : Lun lun l 0, quy nh cc k t sau n l h thp
lc phn.
C : S lng cc cung trn 45
o
. C gi tr t 0 n 7. Nu
l 0 th AutoCAD s v c vng trn (8 cung 45
o
) bn
knh radius.

M B : v cung trn bt k.
M 00B cho php v mt cung trn bt k, khng nht thit phi bt u bng cc v tr
nh trc nh m 00A.
00B,start_offset,end_offset,high_radius,radius,(-)0SC
Start_offset: Biu din di ca cung trn so vi im bt u v c quy nh trc
trong m 00A (c nh s t 0-7). Gi tr ca start_oset c tnh bng cch ly gi tr
ca gc hp bi im bt u v cung theo 00B v im bt u v cung theo 00A nhn vi
256 v chia cho 45. hay start_oset
= s o gc * 256/45.
End_oset : Biu din di ca im cui cung trn so vi im 1/8 ng trn
tng ng. Gi tr ca end_oset cng c tnh tng t nh start_oset
Radius : bn knh ca cung trn (t 1 n 255 n v ).
High-radius : C gi t 0 n 255. S dng khi mun v cung trn c bn knh ln hn
255 n v. Cch tnh nh sau : Bn knh = High-radius*256+Radius.
(-)OSC : M t nh 00A. Dng c nh cc gi tr start_oset v end_oset

M C v D : ch phnh ra hoc cc cung trn c bit.

i cc m 00C v 00D ta c th v c cc cung trn c hnh dng bt k bng cch
s dng h s cong ca cung trn. M 00C v mt cung trn, m 00D v nhiu cung trn
lin tip nhau.
Theo sau m 00C l 3 byte m t cung trn nh sau :
00C,X-displacement,Y-displacement,Bulge
X-displacement,Y-displacement : di ca im cui ca cung trn (Ta tng i
ca im cui so vi im u) c gi tr t -127 n +127.
Bulge : H s c nh cong ca cung trn. C gi tr t
-127 n 127. Cch tnh nh sau : Bulge=(2*H/D)*127.
D : Chiu di dy cung.
H : Chiu cao ca cung
Du (-) v theo chiu kim ng h. Du (+) hoc
khng c du th v ngc chiu kim ng h.

76
Nu m 00C ch v mt cung trn th m 00D v lin tip cc cung trn. Theo sau m
00D l cc cp byte m t cung trn c v v kt thc 00D bng mt cp byte (0,0).
d :
00D,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0)
(0,5,0) m t mt ng thng c di bng 5 n v.

M E : M t ont ch theo phng thng ng.
Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn sau.
II. To font ch
Hin nay AutoCAD cho php ta s dng 3 loi ont ch. ont ch h thng (system
font), phong ch s dng shape (shape ont) v big ont.
Font h thng :
Cu to : Gm cc vector bin, v gia c t bng thut ton ill
u im : system ont p hn cc ont khc.
Nhc im : Do system ont c nhng vng t nn nng hn cc ont khc. Tc
ti sinh (render, pan, zoom) s rt chm.

Shape font :
Cu to bi cc shape trong c m t trong ile .SHP.
u im : cc k t trong ont u l cc shape nn c ti nhanh hn, tc
render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln.
Nhc im : Khng p lm.

Big font
Cu to :bi cc shape. Tuy nhin n c th l phn ni di ca cc shape ont ni trn.
Shape ont c cha ti a 255 k t cn big ont c th cha n 65535 k t.
1. To font ch SH.
ont ch SH c to ra v s dng trong AutoCAD. Mi k t ca ont l mt shape
c m t trong ile shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t (t 0 n
255).
phn bit vi cc shape ile khc, cc ont ch phi c dng m t u tin nh sau :
*0,4,font-name
above,below,modes,0

Font-name : Tn font ch
Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline
Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.

(v hnh minh ha vo y)

To mt v d minh ha ont ch bao gm ch ABC. C th ly mt ile ont shape bt
k ri minh ha.
77

2. To big font.
Trong thc t, ont ch ca mt vi ngn ng (ting Nht) cha hng nghn k t khng
phi l m ACII. bn v cha cnhiu ont nh vt AutoCAD cung cp mt dang ile
gi la big font file.
Big ont ile cng c miu t trong ile .SHP v c dch thnh ile .SH. Dng u
tin ca big ont c dng nh sau :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
nchars : s lng gn ng cc k t trong Big ont ny. Nu sai s ln hn 10% th tc
truy ut s rt chm.
nrangs : s lng cc mim gi tr cha cc gi tr s dng lm m escape codes.
b1, e1, b2, e2,
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th nht
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th hai

d .

3. To big font t file m rng.
Trong cc ile kiu ch tng hnh chu , c nhiu khi c s dng li nhiu ln nh
cc du trong ting vit (du s, huyn,). Cc khi ny c m t trong cc Subshape, c
th dng li to cc shape khc nhau.
Dng u tin ca cc big ont ile m rng tng t nh big ont ile bnh thng :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
Dng th hai s gip nhn bit l big ont m rng :
*0,5,font-name
character-height,0,modes,character-width,0

Font name : Tn ca big ont
Character-height, character-width : Chiu cao v chiu rng hnh ch nht c s m
t k t.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.

Ch : m 00E (14) ch c tc dng khi gi tr modes bng 2.

Cc dng tip tho m t cc shape v dng m 007 chn cc subshape. Cc subshape
cng phi c m t nh c shape thng thng khc.
*Shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte,,007,0,primitive#,basepoint-x,basepoint-y,width,height,spectbyte,,0

Shapenumber : s nguyn 2 byte, dng thp lc phn, v do , phi c thm s 0
pha trc.
Defbytes : s lng cc bye m t (specbyte) cn thit m t shape (k c s 0 sau
cng). Gi tr shapenumber ca subshape (theo sau m 007) c tnh l 2 byte.
Shapename : Tn k t
Specbyte : byte m t
007,0 : 2 byte bt u on chn subshape
78
Primitive# : gi tr shapenumber ca shape.
basepoint-x,basepoint-y : thnh phn ta ,y ca im chn subshape.
Width, height : chiu rng, chiu cao ca subshape. Trc khi c chn, kch thc
subshape s c thu nh bng 1 vung n v, sau n c phng to tng ng vi gi
tr Width, height.
Spectbyte : cc byte m t ca subshape.
III. To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.
AutoCAD cung cp rt nhiu dng ng c sn. Cc dng ng ny c th l nt t,
nt lin, hay cc ng tm, Cc dng ng ny c cung cp trong ile .LIN. Ta cng
c th t to ra cc ile ny v lu li di nh dng Tet v c ui l .LIN.
AutoCAD cung cp cc dng ng c sn trong ile CAD.LIN, ACADISO.LIN .
Cc dng ng n gin c cu to t cc im(dot), on thng(dash) v khong
trng c v i v li nhiu ln.
d :


Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Mt im nh (nt gch di 0 n v bn v)
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Ta phn dng ng lm hai loi : dng ng n gin v dng ng phc tp.
Dng ng n gin l cc dng ng ch bao gm cc on thng, khong
trng v u chm.
Dng ng phc tp l cc dng ng khng ch cha cc on thng, khong
trng, du chm m cn cha cc i tng khc nh phng ch hay cc i tng
Shape.
2. To cc dng ng n gin.
C hai cch to dng ng n gin
Dng creat trong lnh -linetype
To ile m t dng m ACII c phn m rng .LIN.

2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.

Command: -LINETYPE
Current line type: "ByLayer"
Enter an option [?/Create/Load/Set]: C Create
Enter name of linetype to create: name Duong co ten la name
Wait, checking if linetype already defined...
(Hp thoi Creat and Append linetype file
hin ln bn di).
Chn tn ile s to mi hoc m
ile .LIN c sn ghi ng li
ng ny
Descriptive text: Duong tam Tn ng s hin trong hp
linetype manager
Enter linetype pattern (on next line): Nhp vo cc byte m t dng ng
A,0.5,0.5,-0.25,0,-0.25

79




Quy c m t dng ng trong linetype.
Dng ng c bt u bng ch A. Ch A ny quy nh kt thc i tng
bng gch lin.
Gi tr dng quy nh chiu di nt gch lin.
Gi tr m quy nh di khong trng.
S 0 quy nh on thng c di bng 0 hay nt chm (dot).
80
Nh vy dng ng c m t trong ile sample1.lin trn c dng sau :


Ch : M A (alignment) quy nh cch v cc dng ng ti cc im cui ca cc
i tng v. M Alignment l t ng a vo trong nh ngha ile .LIN.
Dng bnh thng.
Dng thu ngn li.
Di ko di ra.
Dng qu ngn (bin i tng thnh nt lin).
2.2. To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN
Mi dng ng trong ile .LIN c m t trong hai dng :
*linetype_name,description
A,descriptor1,descriptor2, ...

Du * t trc tn dng ng l bt buc.
Linetypename : Tn ca ng, s hin ln trong linetype manager.
Description : Chui m t c th c hoc khng c v di khng qu 47 k t.
A : quy nh kt thc i tng v bng nt gch lin.
Descriptor 1,2,.. : Byte m t dng ng (nh trnh by trn).
IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape
Cch m t cc nt gch khong trng v du chm tng t nh trong ile m t dng
ng n gin. C php m t mt dng ng ging nh dng ng n gin. i vi
dng ng c cha i tng shape th ta ch vic thm vo on m t dng ng mt c
php m t shape nh sau :
[shapename,shxfilename] or [shapename,shxfilename,transform]
Shape name : Tn ca i tng v shape. Nu tn ca i tng khng c trong ile
shape, AutoCAD s em nh khng c phn m t v i tng shape trong dng ng.
Shxfilename : Tn ca ile .sh cha i tng shape cn chn vo dng ng. Cn
phi ch r tn, ng dn, nu khng AutoCAD s tm trong th mc mc nh cha cc ile
.SHX : \Documents and Settings\[user name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD
2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
Transform : L mc ty chn, gm cc thng s tng ng vi php bin hnh khi chn
i tng shape v dng ng. Gi tr ca transorm c m t trong bng di y, mi
thng s c cch nhau bi du phy.
Gi tr ca cc thng s Transform.

Gi tr ngha
R=## Relative
rotation
Gc quay tng i ca shape so vi ng
thng c v.
A=## Absolute
rotation
Gc quay tuyt i so vi trc O ca h ta
WCS.
S=## Scale H s t l (ca shape c chn vi shape
c m t trong shape ile).
X=## X offset di theo phng ng thng ( n v)
Y=## Y offset di theo phng vung gc vi ng
thng. (Y n v). (,Y c th l s m)
d :
Dng lnh load ti ile ltypesh.sh vo bn v, sau nh lnh Shape
chn shape c tn l bat v bn v. Hnh ca bat hin ln nh sau :
81
M ile LT_Sample.LIN ra v nh them 3 linetype sau :

*BAT1LINE, --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5],-12.7

*BAT2LINE, --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5,R=0,X=-20.0],-12.7

*BAT3LiNE, --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,C:\sample\ltypeshp.shx,S=5,y=-6.0,r=90,X=-6],-12.7

Hnh dng cc linetype trn hin theo th t nh sau :



Ch : tn linetype khng nht thit phi vit hoa. Th t cc transorm khng nht
thit phi c nh.
1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
C php m t i tng ch trong dng ng phc tp nh sau : (* ch trong
AutoCAD 2005, c php to dng ng c cha cc k t c khc so vi cc phin bn
trc, n yu cu nght ngho hn cc phin bn trc).
["text",textstylename,scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset]
Tet : chui k t c chn vo.
Style : Tn kiu ch m AutoCAD s ly nh dng cho tet.
Scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset : Tng t nh trn cc thng s ca transorm.

d :

*HOT_WATER_SUPPLY1,---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ----
A,.5,-.2,["HW",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.2

Kt qu ta c dng ng nh sau :

Ch : Nu s=0 th tet s ly theo ont v c c ch (height) bng 1.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. File mu mt ct.
Mu mt ct c AutoCAD miu t trong ile c phn m rng .PAT. Ta c th s
dng cc mt ct c sn c m t trong cc ile ACAD.PAT v ACADISO.PAT hoc t to
cc mu ring lu li trong ile .PAT di nh dng ACII ile. Ch , khc vi dng ng,
mi ile dng mt ct ch cha c mt dng mt ct v tn ile phi trng vi tn mt ct.
Mc nh *.pat c lu trong th mc \Documents and Settings\[user
name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
82
Sau khi to ong cc dng mt ct trong cc ile ring l. Bn c th copy on m t
mt ct trong cc ile ny vo cc ile Acad.Pat hoc AcadIso.Pat, b ung chng vo mc
Patern trong lnh BHatch.
Cng ging nh dng ng, ta chia dng mt ct thnh hai loi : Mt ct n gin v
dng mt ct phc tp.
Mu mt ct n gin l mu ch cha mt dng ng thng.
Mu mt ct phc tp l mu gm nhiu h ng thng hp thnh.
2. To mu mt ct n gin.
Mt mu mt ct trong ile .PAT c m t bng nhiu dng lin nhau. C php m t
nh sau :
*pattern-name[, description]
angle, x-origin,y-origin, delta-x,delta-y [, dash1, dash2, ...]
Pattern name : Tn mt ct s m t, khng c cha khong trng.
Description : Phn m t (Khng bt buc) v khng c vt qu 80 k t
Angle : Gc ca ng ct.
-origin : Honh ca im chun dng v mu mt ct. Thng thng ta s
dng im gc c ta (0,0)
y-origin : Tung ca im chun dng lm gc ta .
delta- : di ca ng ct theo phng phng ng thng.
delta-y : di ca ng ct theo phng vung gc vi phng ng thng.
dash1, dash2, ... : Ch s dng khi cc ng ct l dng ng khng lin tc. Cc
gi tr ny m t dng ng (bao gm nt gch v khong trng).
V d
To ile c tn L123.PAT ni dung nh sau
*L123, proposed future trailers
0, 0,0, 0,0.5



To ile c tn L124.PAT ni dung nh sau
*L124, proposed future trailers
90, 0,0, 0,1

83



*L125, proposed future trailers
0,1,0,1,2,-3,1


3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp.
Mu mt ct phc tp c to t nhiu h ng khc nhau (line amily). Cc h
ng ny c m t trn mt dng vo tp thnh mt mt ct phc tp.
d :
on m t sau to ra mt mt ct nh hnh v
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25



*lightning, interwoven lightning
0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25

84


*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25



on m sau m t mt mt ct phc tp to bi 3 h ng trn :
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25
0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25
90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25


VI. Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loi menu
C tng cng c 10 loi menu
Cc menu (pulldown menu): l menu nh file, edit,
Cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu): l menu hin ln khi ta n phi chut ti v
tr trn bn v.
Cc thanh cng c (toolbar). Ci ny th ai cng bit ri.
Cc menu hnh nh (Image menu) : l menu hin ln nh khi ta vo mc
DrawSurfaces3d surfaces.
Cc menu mn hnh (Screen menu) : menu ny c hin ln khi ta vo Tools
optionDisplayWindow elementDisplay screen menu.
Cc menu thit b chut (Auxiliary menu) : menu ny l cc thit b chut nh ta
bm ctrl+chut tri, ctrl+chut phi.
Cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp (Button menu): y l menu phc v cho cc
thit b khc ca h thng nhp nh bt in t.
85
Cc bng nhp s ha (tablet) : menu dnh ring cho cc bng s ha ca cad.
Ci ny ti cng mi nhn thy ln u ti trin lm tin hc thng 11 va ri ( cn
gi l tablet digital).
Cc chui ch thch status (helpstring): Ci ny th ai cng bit ri. Khi ta
chuyn con tr ln cc menu , s xut hin cc dng ch thch thanh trng thi
(status).
Cc phm nng (shortcu key). V d ctrl+oOpen, v.v
1.2. Cc loi file menu
Chng ta c cc loi ile menu sau :

*.mnu ile menu mu, y l ile m ACII m bn c th hiu chnh trc
tip trn n.
*.mns y l ile menu ngun c pht sinh bi AutoCAD da trn ile
*.mnu. Cu trc ile ny n gin hn mnu mt cht nhng v c
bn l ging. Bn cng c th hiu chnh trc tip trn ile ny. Khi
bn thay i cc phm tt, hoc thay i cc toolbar, ngay trong
CAD th CAD s ghi li s thay i trn ile ny. Ch khng ghi
vo ile *.mnu. CAD s khng can thip vo ile *.mnu v n coi
ile ny l ile ca ngi dng to ra.
*.mnc L ile bin dch m nh phn ca AutoCAD. AutoCAD s bin dch
ile mns trn thnh ile ile mnc my c th ti v s l nhanh
hn.
*.mnr ile nh phn cha cc nh bitmap c s dng cho menu nh.
*.mnl ile acci cha cc chng trnh Autolisp i km vi menu. N s t
ng c ti ln nu c cng tn vi ile *.mnc

Cc ile trn to thnh h cc ile menu (amily menu iles).
Khi mt ile menu c ti, n s c ng k ln registry v ln sau khi khi ng
AutoCAD n s ti li ile menu ny.
Quy trnh ti mt menu nh sau :

86


1.3. Ti g b mt menu
Lnh Menuload dng ti mt menu vo AutoCAD. Ta cng c th iu chnh s
hin th ca cc menu trn hp thoi Customization Menu.
Lnh Menu cho php ta ti mt menu vo AutoCAD, khc vi mnh Menuload trc
khi trc khi ti menu th n g b tt c cc menu hin hnh trong AutoCAD.
Ch khi ti ile *.mnu, cc thay i ca toolbar s bin mt. CAD s dch ile
*.mnu thnh ile *.mns v khi ile *.mns ca bn s bin mt, ng ngha vi iu l
cc thay i trong toolbar ,shortcut key ca bn cng bin mt theo.
cc menu th ta phn bit hai loi menu l menu chnh v menu tng phn.
Menu chnh l cc menu c ti u tin bng lnh menuload. Hay cc menu c ti
bng lnh menu trong dng lnh command ca CAD.
Menu chnh khc menu tng phn ch : Menu chnh c ti ton b vo CAD. Cn
cc menu tng phn cc phn v AU menu v Buttom menu s khng c ti.
2. Ty bin mt menu
2.1. Cu trc mt file menu
Thng thng mt ile menu gm 9 phn.
Mi ile menu s m t mt nhm menu v dng u tin s quy nh tn ca nhm
. C php m t nh sau :
***Menugroup=namegroup.
Bt u
Tm *.mns
Tm *.mnc
Tm *.mnu
+ : Tm thy
-- : Khng tm thy
--
+
Tm *.mnc
+
--
To ra file
*.mnc v *.mnr
da trn file *mns
--
+
--
+
Bin dch *.mnu
thnh *.mns v *.mnc
to ra file *mnr
Bo li
Kt thc
Quy c
Ti *.mnc
87
Phn 2 : cha cc button menu v cc auxiliary menu. Cc menu ny dng iu
khin cc thit b chut v cc thit b h thng khc nu c.
Phn 3 : cc menu pop, l cc menu
Phn 4 : cc menu toolbar, l cc dng m t cc thanh cng c
Phn 5 : cha cc dng m t menu Image
Phn 6 : m t cc menu mn hnh (screen menu)
Phn 7 : m t cc bng s ha (tablet)
Phn 8 : cc dng m t cc shortcut key
Phn 9 : cc dng quy nh cc dng tr gip (tatus string).

Cc ghi ch c bt u bng du //
Mi phn gm mt hoc nhiu section (hoc cng c th khng c). Mi section l mt
nhm cc menu c chc nng tng t nhau (thng thng l th). Mi section gm c 3
phn.
Phn 1 : tn ca section. Tn ca section c bt u bng ba du sao.

Tn ca section Thnh phn menu tng ng
***Butonsn Menu ca cc thit b tr khc.
***AUXn Menu thit b chut
***Popn Cc popup menu hoc cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu)
***Toolbars Cc thanh cng c
***Image Cc menu hnh nh
***Screen Menu mn hnh
***Tabletn Cc bng s ha
***HelpStrings Cc chui tr gip trn thanh trng thi
***Accelerators Cc phm nng

Phn 2 : Tn ca menu, Tn ca menu bt u bng 2 du sao v yu cu phi l
duy nht. Tn ny dng lin kt cc mc ca cc menu khc, cc thanh cng c,
cc dng tr gip v cc menu hnh nh. Tn ca menu khng c c nhiu hn
12 k t v khng c cha khong trng. Nu khng chng s b b qua.
Phn 3 : nhn v tn ca nhm menu. C php m t n nh sau :
ID_NameLabel [dong mo ta se hien len tren man hinh]
Phn 3 : cc menu thnh phn. C php m t mt menu item nh sau :
ID_NameLabel [name]menu_macro
Trong : name l tn s xut hin ln mn hnh ca menu item.
Menu_macro l nhng macro c thi hnh khi menu ny c chn.
Quan st mt v d trong ile acad.mnu nh sau

***POP1 Section name
**FILE Nenu name
ID_MnFile [&File] Menu ID v dng m t ca
menu s ut hin trn mn
hnh (nh ile,edit,dra,)
ID_New [&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_NewSheet [Ne&w Sheet Set...]^c^c_newsheetset
ID_Open [&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
ID_OpenSheet [Op&en Sheet Set...]^c^c_opensheetset
ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_close
Cc dng tip theo m t
cc mc chn (hay cn gi l
cc menu thnh phn menu
item)

88
2.2. Menu Macro
y l phn quan trong nht trong menu v tt c loi menu u c cha n.
Menu macro l mt chui cc k t cha tn lnh s c gi khi MenuItem c chn.
Th t ca cc tham s trong menu macro ging nh th t ut hin cc tham s ny ti
dng nhc lnh command ca AutoCAD.
Cc quy c dng trong menu macro.

K t M t
Space bar, du ; Du enter trong AutoCAD
Space bar L khong trng khi ang nhp tet
du \ Tm dng user nhp s liu, c th l nhp mt im bng
kich chut hoc nhp mt gi tr
Du + Dng khi dng m t qu di, Mun m t tip dng k tip ta
t du + cui dng
Du * t u macro, sau ^C^C, s lp i lp li lnh n khi ta n
ESC hoc chn Menu Item khc
^C Hy tt c cc lnh ang hot ng (Escapse)
^P Tt tt c cc hin th ca macro trn mn hnh. (Bin h thng
MenuEcho thnh on,off).
^M K t ENTER (Ctrl+M)
^B Chuyn i (tt/m) cc ch hin th ta con tr (Ctrl+B)
^E Chuyn v tr si tc con tr trn mn hnh v mt trong 3 v tr
trong mt phng trc o (Ctrl+E)
^G Chuyn i ch hin th li (Ctrl+G)
^H Tng t nh phm BackSpace., dng a k t trc noa ca
dng lnh command.
^O Chuyn i ch vung gc (Ortho).
^T Chuyn i chc nng nhp t bng nhp tablet (Ctrl+T)
^Z K t rng, t ng thm khong trng vo cui Menu Item.
// Quy c bt u ca chui ch thch.
V d 1 :
ID_ArcStCeAn [S&tart, Center, Angle]^C^C_arc \_c \_a
Phn tch v d:
S&tart, Center, Angle : Hin th trn menu : Start, Center, Angle
^C^C : Hy tt c cc lnh trc n.
_arc : Bt u v mt cung trn, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng
khc nhau.
khong trng tng ng vi phm enter.
\ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_c : Chn option center, cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau.
\ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_a : Chn mt option angle, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc
nhau.
V d 2
ID_MoveRight [Move .1 Right]^C^Cselect \move previous ;.1,0 ;
Phn tch v d:
^C^C : Thot mi lnh ang s dng.
Select : Bt u select command.
Du cch th hin enter, kt thc lnh select.
89
Sau s dch chuyn cc object chn sang Phi 0.1 n v bn v
V d 3
on macro sau y s chuyn ng polyline c chn thnh ng polyline c b
rng 0.1 n v.
^C^Cpedit \w .1 ;
V d 4
Bn c th s dng macro sau t ng v 4 ng trn vi bn knh v tm c
nh sn, v dng qu di ta phi vit lm 2 dng nn ta thm du cng cui.
^C^Ccircle 2,2 1.5 circle 6,2 1.5 circle 10,2 1.5 circle +
14,2 1.5
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
Puldon menu c khai bo t section Pop1 n pop499. mi section c th c mt
hoc nhiu menu (thng thng l cha 1). Trong mi menu c th c ti a 999 mc
menu item. AutoCAD s b qua nhng menu item vt qu gii hn trn. Nu mn hnh
khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t ng ct bt i va vi kch
thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi tn ln ung s c ut hin.
Pulldon chia lm hai loi.
Loi th nht c section t pop1 n pop 1. Cc menu ny s c t ng ti
vo v tr ca n trn mn hnh. Nu section ny m c nhiu hn mt menu th ch
menu u tin mi c ti vo mn hnh.
Loi th hai c section t Pop17 n pop . Cc menu ny s khng t ng
c ti vo mn hnh. Tuy nhin ta vn c th ti n vo mn hnh bng lnh
menuload hoc bng chc nng menu swapping.
2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu
i vi cc pull-don menu, tiu ca mc chn u tin s c s dng lm tiu
ut hin trn thanh menu. Cn cc dng m t tip theo s l nhn, tiu v macro ca cc
menu thnh phn.
Cch to tiu cho cc menu v menu thnh phn l nh nhau; cc tiu phi
c t trong du ngoc vung.
Cc quy c tao tiu ca menu.
K ngha
-- Dng phn cch trn thanh menu
-> Bt u mt menu cha (submenu)
<- Kt thc menu cha (kt thc submenu)
<-<- Khai bo cui cng ca submenu v menu
$( ) Cho php s dng chui DIESEL trong tiu mc menuItem.
~ Lm m mc chn v khng cho php chn mc ny
!. Lm ut hin du chn () trc menu.
& Lm ut hin du gch chn cho k t ng sau n (khai bo phm tt)
\t Canh l phi cho k t trong tiu ca mc chn.
\c Khai bo phm nng.
Phn tch v d sau :
**FILE
ID_MnFile [&File]
ID_New [&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_Open [&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
90
ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_close
[--]
ID_Save [&Save\tCtrl+S]^C^C_qsave
ID_Saveas [Save &As...\tCtrl+Shift+S]^C^C_saveas
ID_Export [&Export...]^C^C_export
[--]
ID_Inan [->Print]
ID_Preview [/vPlot Preview]^C^C_preview
ID_PlotSetup [Pa&ge Setup Manager...]^C^C_pagesetup
ID_PlotMgr [Plotter &Manager...]^C^C_plottermanager
ID_Print [<-&Plot...\tCtrl+P]^C^C_plot
[--]
ID_MRU [Drawing History]
[--]
ID_APP_EXIT [E&xit\tCtrl+Q]^C^C_quit
Phn tch v d sau :
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho [$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]^O
ID_Snap [$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid [$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
Ta c th lm m hay nh du chn cho cc menu Item, hoc ta cng c th ly cc
thng s trng thi ca tng menu Item bng cch s dng tham chiu thng qua cc hm
AutoLisp.
C hai loi tham chiu :
Tham chiu tng i
Tham chiu tuyt i.
Tham chiu tng i.
Tham chiu tng i l tham chiu s dng tn nhn ca menu item.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc mc ca pulldon menu.
C php :
gn trng thi cho menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=xxx)
ly thng s trng thi ca menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
yyy tn ca nhm menu
zzz nhn mc chn
xxx - trng thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !. (c nh u chn) (trng
thi bnh thng.
Tham chiu tuyt i
Tham chiu tuyt i l tham chiu d trn vic m s lng cc menu trn mn hnh.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc mc ca pulldon menu.
C php :
gn trng thi cho menu
(menucmd Pn.i=xxx)
ly thng s trang thi ca menu
91
(menucmd Pn.i=#?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
n s th t ca menu tnh t tri sang phi trn mn hnh.
i s th t ca menu item cn tham chiu n (tnh c submenu v du ngn
cch gia cc phn trong menu )
xxx Gi trih ca bng Pn.i=&trng thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !.
(c nh u chn) (trng thi bnh thng.
V d :
ID_Swap1 [Swaping1]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "P1.1=#?") "P1.1=~") (menucmd
"P1.1=") (menucmd "p1.1=~") )
ID_Swap2 [Swaping2]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=?") "~")
(menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=") (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=~") )
2.3.4. Chn v loi b Pull-down menu trn menubar
Ngoi lnh MenuLoad, cc pull-don menu ca nhm ny c th c a vo thanh
menubng c php sau y :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=+uuu.vvv)
Trong :
Gyyyzzz - s c nh v tr ca pull-don menu uuu.vvv s chn vo.
yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-don menu c nh v tr.
zzz B danh (hay tn mc chn) ca pull-don menu c nh v tr cho
uuu.vvv chn vo .
uuu Tn nhm menu ca pull-don menu mun chn.
uvv Tn b danh ca pull-don menu cn chn
Ta cng c th loi b mt Pull-don menu khi thanh menu bng lnh sau :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=-)
Trong :
yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-don menu mun a.
zzz B danh ca pull-don menu mun a.
d :
***pop3
**Test3
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho [$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]^O
ID_Snap [$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid [$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
ID_huybo [Xoa menu]^c^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=-")
ID_chenpop4 [Chen pop4]^C^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=+Custom.Pop4")

***pop4
**Test4
[Pop&4]
ID_monew1 [mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=~");^P
ID_hiennew1 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=");^P
ID_TTnew1 [ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert (menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=?"));^P
[--]
ID_monew2 [mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=~");^P
ID_hiennew2 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=");^P
ID_TTnew2 [ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert "Cmdmenu"&(menucmd "P5.1=#?"));^P
92
2.4. Shortcut menu.
Shortcut menu v c bn ging Pull-don menu. Ch khc nhau khai bo section
Shortcut menu c khai bo t section Pop500 n pop999 Pop0. Trong mi menu
c th c ti a 499 mc menu item. AutoCAD s b qua nhng menu item vt qu gii
hn trn. Nu mn hnh khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t ng ct
bt i va vi kch thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi tn ln ung s c ut hin.
Menu Pop0 ca AutoCAD l menu Snap, hin cc phng thc truy bt im.
Cc menu Pop500 n Pop999 l cc menu ng cnh (contet menu)
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
Cc nt ca thit b con chut c khi bo bi cc auiliary menu v c m t trong
ile menu t section ***AUn (t ***AU1 n ***AU4)
Cc thit b tr khc nh bt in t c khi bo bi cc Buttons menu v c m t
trong ile menu t section ***Buttonsn.
Lu l cc buttons menu v cc auiliary menu ch c hiu lc trong ile menu base
(menu chnh) ch khng c tc dng nu ta khai bo trong cc partial menu (menu thnh
phn).
m t ca buttons menu v auiliary ging nhau nn y ta ch t cc AU menu,
cn cc buttons menu tng t.
Cc menu t section AU1 n AU4 c ngha nh sau :
Section T hp phm v chut
AUX1 Nhn mt trong cc nt chut
AUX2 Phm Shit + mt nt chut
AUX3 Phm Ctrl + mt nt chut
AUX4 Phm Ctrl+Shit+mt nt chut
2.5.2. To cc AU menu.
Mi dng trong section ny l mt mc chn. Cu trc ca section cng tng t nh
cc section khc. Tuy nhin phn tn v tiu l khng bt buc, ta c th b qua chng
hoc ta s dng chng lm ch thch.
em t v d sau :
***AUX1
// Simple button
// if a grip is hot bring up the Grips Cursor Menu (POP 500), else send a carriage return
// If the SHORTCUTMENU sysvar is not 0 the first item (for button 1, the "right
button")
// is NOT USED.
$M=$(if,$(eq,$(substr,$(getvar,cmdnames),1,5),GRIP_),$P0=ACAD.GRIPS $P0=*);
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
^C^C
^B
^O
^G
^D
^E
^T

Mc th nht tng ng vi nt chut th 2 nu bin h thng shortcutmenu=0. Cn
nu bin ny khc khng th nt ny s c lin kt vi cc shortcut menu mc nh ca h
thng AutoCAD.
93
Mc th 2 tng ng vi nt s 3 ca h thng chut nu bin h thng
Mbuttonpan=0. Cn bin ny khc khng th nt ny s c lin kt vi nt pan mc nh
ca AutoCAD (mc nh ca bin ny l 1).
Mc chn th 3 tng ng vi nt lnh th 4 ca chut.
Ni chung chut c bao nhiu nt th ta c by nhiu dng lnh.
Ta lu l ch c Pop0 th mi c kh nng hin ti v tr con chut trn mn hnh.
V d sau s dng tiu lm ch thch :
***AUX1
[nut so 2]; nt th hai l lnh enter.
[nut so 3](alert "nut thu 2 duoc an") nt th ba a ra thng bo.
[nut thu 4]^C^C nt th 4 nt escape.

Tng t nh th bn c th hiu chnh cc menu AU2, AU3, AU4 ca mnh sao
cho hp vi cc
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
Menu saping dng trao i ni dung gia cc menu. d khi ta ang thc hin
lnh zoo, bn phi chut chuyn sang shortcut menu khc. Hay khi vo Dra
Surfaces 3D surface... AutoCAD chuyn sang menu image bn chn cc hnh cn v vi
slide i km.
C php tro i nh sau :
$Section=MenuGroup.MenuName $Section=MenuGroup.*
Nu 2 menu ta mun trao i nm cng trong mt group ta c th b qua MenuGroup.
Ngha l c php ca ta s nh sau ;
$Section=MenuName $Section=*
V d sau c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
ID_3dsurface [&3D Surfaces...]$I=ACAD.image_3dobjects $I=ACAD.*
y menu item 3d suraces trong menu dra ca AutoCAD. Khi ta chn mc ny th
AutoCAD s chuyn sang menu image c tn l image_3dobjects
V d sau c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
***AUX2
// Shift + button
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
Khi ta bn shit + chut phi s chuyn sang section Pop0, menu Snap nm trong
Section Pop0.
2.6. Image Tile menus
Menu hnh nh l loi menu c bit trong AutoCAD, cha danh sch cc mc chn v
cc hnh slide tng ng vi cc mc chn . Khi chn vo cc mc chn
2.6.1. Section ca Image menu
Cc menu hnh nh nm trong section Image. c khai bo l ***Image. Section v
d mt section menu hnh nh nh sau :
***image Khai bo tn section
**image_poly Tn ca menu (menu name)
[Set Spline Fit Variables] Tiu ca menu hnh nh.
[acad(pm-quad,Quadric Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 5 Cc dng m t cc mc chn
[acad(pm-cubic,Cubic Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 6 ca menu hnh nh
[acad(pm-bezr,Bezier Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 8
[acad(pl-quad,Quadric Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 5
94
[acad(pl-cubic,Cubic Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 6
2.6.2. M t mc chn ca menu hnh nh
Mi mc chn ca menu hnh nh c m t gm 2 phn : tiu v menu macro
(khng c phn nhn ID nh cc pull-down menu).
Phn tiu c cc cch m t sau :
[sldname]
nh ca slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu, tiu l
sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu.
[sldname,labeltext]
Tiu l LabelText s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. nh ca
slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu.
[sldlib(sldname)]
Tiu l sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. nh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi ca
hp menu.
[sldlib(sldname,labeltext)]
Tiu l labeltext s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. nh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi ca
hp menu.
[blank]
Khi bn mun chn mt Icon trng trn danh sch cc slide bn phi hp menu. Mt
dng phn cch s c hin ln trn danh sch pha bn tri hp menu.
[ labeltext]
Khi k t u tin ca mc m t l khong trng, mc mo t s c hin ln trong
danh sch nhng khng c mt Icon no c hin ln bn phi hp menu c. Bn
thng dng n trong trng hp bn mun to mt nt eit thot ra khi menu hnh
nh, th mc chn ny thng khng c Icon i km.
2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh
Ngoi vic gi hin th cc menu hnh nh bng chc nng sap menu (nh trnh
by mc 2.5.3), ta cn c th s dng cc dng lnh AutoLisp gi chng. C php nh
sau :
(MenuCmd I=yyy.xxx)(menu cmd i=*)
Trong
yyy Tn nhm menu. Nu cng chung mt group th ta c th b qua yyy.
Tn menu hnh nh.
d nh sau :
(menucmd "I=acad.image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
(menucmd "I=image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.
To cc slide.
Lu :
To slide phi tht d nhn bit.
Hnh nh phi va khung. Hnh nh c to vi t l (1 1.5)
Cc i tng t m nh Pline, trace, 2d solid ch hin ln cc ng vin. c
cc hnh t bng ta s dng lnh t bng Shade trc khi to hnh slide.
95
Trnh t to :
Chuyn qua khng gian giy v
To ieport c kch thc 1,5:1
To th vin slide.


2.7. Menu mn hnh.
2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.






2.8. Chui ch thch thanh trng thi.
2.8.1. Section ca on m t chui ch thch.
Cc dng ch thch ny c m t trong section ***HELPSTRINGS
2.8.2. M t chui ch thch.
Dng m t nh sau : ID_menu [status tring]
d :
2.9. To cc phm tt.
2.9.1. Section ca on m t cc phm tt
on m t cc phm tt nm trong section : ***ACCELERATORS.
2.9.2. To phm tt
Tn mc chn + t hp phm nng
d :
ID_Open [control+O]
T hp phm nng+Chui lnh cn thc hin.
d :
[Control + O]^C^C_Open

Cc t hp thng dng :
Control, shift, Alt, A,Z,"numpad0","numpad9"
VII. Toolbar
1. cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar
1.1. To Toolbar
1.2. To nt lnh mi
1.3. Sa nt lnh
1.4. To mt Flyout
96


Trnh din mt ln to toolbars.
Ch to lyout Toolbar


Khi mun to mt nt lnh trong toolbar, bn chuyn n commands User Defined
button, User Deined lyout. Ko r uer diined vo toolbar m bn cn thm mi nt lnh.
Sau bm vo nt Properties, hp thoi s hin ra nh sau :
97


To Toolbars bng cch dng lnh customise l n gin v thun tin nht. Tuy nhin
bn cn c th to ra bng cch son tho trc tip trong ile acad.mnu.
2. Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu
Cc base menu v partial menu u c th khai bo cc thanh cng c trong section
***TOOLBARS ca mnh. Section ny chia lm nhiu on ** tng ng vi tn
thanh cng c
Mi on m t thanh cng c bt u bng tn thanh cng c ***. Sau l
cc dng nh sau :
Dng u tin m t tng qut v thanh cng c.
Cc dng tip theo m t cc nt lnh trn thanh cng c . C 3 loi nt lnh :
Button, Flyout v Control.
2.1. Dng m t tng qut thanh cng c
C php :
TAG[Toolbar (tbarnameorient visible x y rows)]
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Tbarname : tiu thanh cng c. t trong du nhy chui
Orient : v tr mc nh ca thanh cng cuk. Cc gi tr c th gn cho mc ny l :
_Floating, _Top, _Bttm, _Left v _Right. (khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng).
isible : mc nh ut hin trn mn hnh hay khng. Cc gi tr c th gn cho
mc ny l _sho v _hide.(khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng)
,y : v tr ut hin mc nh trn mn hnh, tnh t mp trn tri khng gian v.
Ros : s dng mc nh chua cc nt lnh
Ch : Cc c im ca thanh cng c nh Orient, visible, , y, ros s c lu li
trong registry ca Windo mi khi autocad ng li. Ch khi no khng tm thy cc gi tr
trn registry, autocad mi s dng cc gi tr mc nh trong ile menu.
d :
**TB_Draw
ID TbDra [toolbar (Dra),_let, Sho,0,0,1]
2.2. Dng m t loi nt lnh Button
C php :
98
TAG [button (btnname ID_Small ID_Large)] macro
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Btnname : tiu nt lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm
ToolTip (dng ch ch thch ut hin trn nn vng, khi con tr c a n nm
ti v tr biu tng nt lnh trn thanh cng c)
ID_Small : c nh hnh nh n lnh hin trn thanh cng c. y l tn ca mt
trong cc biu tng nh (kch thc 16 15) to sn ca AutoCAD (v d :
ICON_16_Line). Hoc l tn mt ile bitmap t to (kch thc 1516) t trong cc
th mc mc nh ca AutoCAD.
ID_Large : c nh hnh nh n lnh hin trn thanh cng c khi chn mc Large
buttons trn hp thoi Toolbats. y l tn ca mt trong cc biu tng ln (kch
thc 24 22) to sn ca AutoCAD. Hoc l tn mt ile bitmap t to (kch thc
24 26) t trong cc th mc mc nh ca AutoCAD. Nu kch thc khng phi
l 24 22, AutoCAD s t iu chnh t l cho bng kch thc ny.
Macro : menu macro, c c php tng t c php ca cc menu khc trong phn
ny.
d :
**TB_DRAW
ID_TbDraw [_Toolbar("Draw", _Left, _Show, 0, 0, 1)]
ID_Line [_Button("Line", RCDATA_16_LINE, RCDATA_16_LINE)]^C^C_line
ID_Xline [_Button("Construction Line", RCDATA_16_XLINE, RCDATA_16_XLINE)]^C^C_xline
ID_Pline [_Button("Polyline", RCDATA_16_PLINE, RCDATA_16_PLINE)]^C^C_pline
ID_Polygon [_Button("Polygon", RCDATA_16_POLYGO, RCDATA_16_POLYGO)]^C^C_polygon
ID_Rectang [_Button("Rectangle", RCDATA_16_RECTAN, RCDATA_16_RECTAN)]^C^C_rectang
ID_Arc [_Button("Arc", RCDATA_16_ARC3PT, RCDATA_16_ARC3PT)]^C^C_arc
2.3. Dng m t loi nt lnh Flyout.
lyout l mt loi nt lnh trn thanh cng c, khi chn s ut hin mt thanh cng c
khc (c chc nng tng t nh SubMenu). d, trn thanh cng c Standard c nt lnh
lyout zoom, khi ta chn s ut hin thanh cng c Zoom.
C php :
TAG [flyout (flynameID_SmaillID_Large Icon alias)] macro
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Btnname : tiu nt lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm
ToolTip (dng ch ch thch ut hin trn nn vng, khi con tr c a n nm
ti v tr biu tng nt lnh trn thanh cng c)
ID_small v ID_large ging nh mc trn.
Icon : nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr sau :
o OwnIcon : Hnh nh nt lyout trn thanh cng c s khng thay i
o OtherIcon : Hnh nh nt lyout s thay i theo hnh nh ca nt va
c chn
Alias : Tn b danh ca thanh cng c gn vi nt lyout.
Macro : tng t nh nt lnh button.
**TB_ZOOM
ID_TbZoom [_Toolbar("Zoom", _Floating, _Hide, 100, 350, 1)]
ID_ZoomWindo [_Button("Zoom Window", RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN)]'_zoom _w
ID_ZoomDynam [_Button("Zoom Dynamic", RCDATA_16_ZOODYN, RCDATA_16_ZOODYN)]'_zoom _d
ID_ZoomScale [_Button("Zoom Scale", RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA, RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA)]'_zoom _s
ID_ZoomCente [_Button("Zoom Center", RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN, RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN)]'_zoom _c
ID_ZoomObjec [_Button("Zoom Object", RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ, RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ)]'_zoom _o
[--]
ID_ZoomIn [_Button("Zoom In", RCDATA_16_ZOOIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOIN)]'_zoom 2x
ID_ZoomOut [_Button("Zoom Out", RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT, RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT)]'_zoom .5x
[--]
99
ID_ZoomAll [_Button("Zoom All", RCDATA_16_ZOOALL, RCDATA_16_ZOOALL)]'_zoom _all
ID_ZoomExten [_Button("Zoom Extents", RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT, RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT)]'_zoom _e

**TB_STANDARD
ID_TbZoom [_Flyout("Zoom", RCDATA_16_ZOOM, RCDATA_16_ZOOM, _OtherIcon, ACAD.TB_ZOOM)]

2.4. Dong m t nt lnh Control.
Nt lnh Control c dng mt danh sch ung. Ccc danh
sch ny do AutoCAD to sn.
d nh danh sch mu trn thanh cng c Object properties
ca AutoCAD.

C php nh sau : TAG [_control (name)]
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc),
khng bt buc phi c
Name : Tn ca control do autoCAD to sn. Cc gi tr
ca tham s ny nh sau :
o _Color
o _Dimstyle
o _Layer
o _LineType
o LineWeight
o UCSManager
o _View
o ViewportScale
d : (trch trong ile acad.mnu)

**TB_OBJECT_PROPERTIES
ID_TbObjectP [_Toolbar("Properties", _Top, _Show, 2, 1, 1)]
[_Control(_Color)]
[--]
[_Control(_Linetype)]
[--]
[_Control(_Lineweight)]
[--]
[_Control(_PlotStyle)]