The document discusses key concepts related to machines and mechanisms including:
1. A machine is a device that receives energy and transforms it into useful work, while a structure is an assemblage of resistant bodies meant for carrying loads.
2. A kinematic link is any part of a machine that moves relative to another part, and kinematic pairs are two links in contact where their relative motion is constrained.
3. When kinematic pairs are coupled such that the last link is joined to the first to transmit motion, it forms a kinematic chain, and a mechanism is a kinematic chain where one link is fixed.
The document discusses key concepts related to machines and mechanisms including:
1. A machine is a device that receives energy and transforms it into useful work, while a structure is an assemblage of resistant bodies meant for carrying loads.
2. A kinematic link is any part of a machine that moves relative to another part, and kinematic pairs are two links in contact where their relative motion is constrained.
3. When kinematic pairs are coupled such that the last link is joined to the first to transmit motion, it forms a kinematic chain, and a mechanism is a kinematic chain where one link is fixed.
The document discusses key concepts related to machines and mechanisms including:
1. A machine is a device that receives energy and transforms it into useful work, while a structure is an assemblage of resistant bodies meant for carrying loads.
2. A kinematic link is any part of a machine that moves relative to another part, and kinematic pairs are two links in contact where their relative motion is constrained.
3. When kinematic pairs are coupled such that the last link is joined to the first to transmit motion, it forms a kinematic chain, and a mechanism is a kinematic chain where one link is fixed.
TRANSFORM IT INTO SOME USEFUL WORK. Machine tool (LATHE) MEDIUM SIZE LATHE PARTS OF LATHE
CONTD
CONTD STRUCTURE OR LOCKED CHAIN ASSEMBLAGE OF NUMBER OF RESISTANT BODIES ( KNOWN AS MEMBERS ) HAVING NO RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THEM AND MEANT FOR CARRYING LOADS HAVING STRAINING ACTION. EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURE Difference between Machine & Structure KINEMATIC LINK OR ELEMENT EACH PART OF A MACHINE WHICH MOVES RELATIVE TO SOME OTHER PART
A LINK MAY CONSISTS OF SEVERAL PARTS WHICH ARE RIGIDLY FASTENED TOGETHER SO THAT THEY DO NOT MOVE RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER TYPES OF LINKS 1. RIGID LINK NO DEFORMATION WHILE TRANSMITTING MOTION
Eg. CONNECTINGROD FLEXIBLE LINK PARTLY DEFORMED IN MANNER WHILE TRANSMITTING MOTION
Eg. BELTS,ROPES,CHAINS FLUID LINK MOTION IS TRANSMITTED THROUGH FLUID
Eg. HYDRAULIC OPERATED PRESSES,JACKS AND CHUCKS KINEMATIC PAIR THE TWO LINKS OR ELEMENTS OF A MACHINE,WHEN IN CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER ARE SAID TO FORM A PAIR.
IF THE RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THEM IS COMPLETELY OR SUCCESSFULLY CONSTRAINED (ie IN A DEFINITE DIRECTION) ,THE PAIR IS KNOWN AS KINEMATIC PAIR EXAMPLE OF KINEMATIC PAIR TYPES OF CONSTRAINED MOTION 1.COMPLETELY CONSTRAINED MOTION WHEN THE MOTION BETWEEN THE PAIR IS LIMITED TO A DEFINITE DIRECTION IRRESPECTIVE OF THE DIRECTION OF FORCE APPLIED INCOMPLETELY CONSTRAINED MOTION WHEN THE MOTION BETWEEN THE PAIR CAN TAKE PLACE IN MORE THAN ONE DIRECTION SUCCESSFULLY CONSTRAINED MOTION WHEN THE MOTION BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS,FORMING A PAIR,IS SUCH THAT THE CONSTRAINED MOTION IS NOT COMPLETED BY ITSELF,BUT BY SOME OTHER MEANS CLASSIFICATION OF KINEMATIC PAIRS 1. ACCORDING TO RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS a) SLIDING PAIR b) TURNING PAIR c) ROLLING PAIR d) SCREW PAIR e) SPHERICAL PAIR CONTD.. 2. ACCORDING TO TYPE OF CONTACT BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS a) LOWER PAIR b) HIGHER PAIR CONTD 3. ACCORDING TO TYPE OF CLOSURE a)SELF CLOSED PAIR b) FORCE CLOSED PAIR OR UNCLOSED PAIR SLIDING PAIR TURNING PAIR ROLLING PAIR BALL AND ROLLER BEARING , BELT AND PULLEY SCREW PAIR SPHERICAL PAIR LOWER PAIR ( SURFACE CONTACT) HIGHER PAIR ( POINT CONTACT) HIGHER PAIR HIGHER PAIR SELF CLOSED PAIR WHEN THE TWO ELEMENTS OF A PAIR ARE CONNECTED TOGETHER MECHANICALLY IN SUCH A WAY THAT ONLY REQUIRED KIND OF RELATIVE MOTION OCCURS SELF CLOSED PAIR (LOWER PAIRS)
FORCE CLOSED PAIR OR UNCLOSED PAIR WHEN THE TWO ELEMENTS OF A PAIR ARE NOT CONNECTED TOGETHER MECHANICALLY BUT ARE KEPT IN CONTACT BY THE ACTION OF EXTERNAL FORCES Eg. CAM AND FOLLOWER (SPRING FORCE) CAM AND FOLLOWER KINEMATIC CHAIN WHEN THE KINEMATIC PAIRS ARE COUPLED IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE LAST LINK IS JOINED TO THE FIRST LINK TO TRANSMIT DEFINITE MOTION ( ie COMPLETELY OR SUCCESSFULLY CONSTRAINED MOTION) EXAMPLE OF KINEMATIC CHAIN TWO BASIC EQUATIONS TO DETERMINE THE GIVEN ASSEMBLAGE OF LINKS FORMS THE KINMATIC CHAIN OR NOT
1) L = 2P - 4 2) J = (3/2) L - 2
TYPES OF JOINTS 1) BINARY JOINT - 2 LINKS JOINED AT SAME CONNECTION
2) TERNARY JOINT - THREE LINKS
3) QUATERNARY JOINT - FOUR LINKS BINARY,TERNARY AND QUATERNARY LINKS NOTE ONE TERNARY LINK = TWO BINARY LINKS
MECHANISM WHEN ONE OF THE LINKS OF THE KINEMATIC CHAIN IS FIXED THE CHAIN IS KNOWN AS MECHANISM DEGREES OF FREEDOM (n) It is the number of inputs (number of independent coordinates) required to describe the configuration or position of all the links of the mechanism, with respect to the fixed link at any given instant. KUTZBACH CRITERION ( FOR PLANE MECHANISM)
n = 3 (L-1) -2J - H GRUBLERS CRITERION ( PLANE MECHANISM) SUBSTITUTING n=1 AND H=0 IN KUTZBACH EQUATION WE HAVE
3L 2J -4 = 0
Link When connected as per Types of joints Kinematic Pair When connected as per Equations Kinematic Chain When one link fixed Mechanism When forces & couples are transmitted Machine QUERIES ???