BCTT QHTT nganhTS

TNG CC THY SN
VIN KINH T QUY HOCH THY SN
BO CO TM TT
QUY HOCH TNG TH PHT TRIN NGNH THY

SN VIT NAM N NM 2020, TM NHN 2030
H Ni, thng 7 nm 2012
MC LC
PH LC CC BNG BIU.................................................................................. 7
DANH MC CC T VIT TT........................................................................ 10
PHN M U ...................................................................................................... 12
1.1. Tnh cp thit ...........................................................................................................12
1.2. Cc cn c, c s lp quy hoch ............................................................................13
1.3. Mc tiu quy hoch .................................................................................................13
1.3.1. Mc tiu tng qut ......................................................................................................... 13
1.3.2. Mc tiu c th .............................................................................................................. 13
1.4. Phm vi, ni dung quy hoch .................................................................................13

1.4.1. Phm vi quy hoch ........................................................................................................ 13
1.4.2. Ni dung quy hoch ....................................................................................................... 14
1.5. Phng php quy hoch .........................................................................................14

1.5.1. Phng php nh gi chung ........................................................................................ 14
1.5.2. Phng php quy hoch lnh vc KTTS ....................................................................... 14
1.5.3. Phng php quy hoch lnh vc NTTS ....................................................................... 15
1.5.4. Phng php lp quy hoch lnh vc CBTS v d bo th trng tiu th................... 15
1.6. Sn phm quy hoch ..............................................................................................17
PHN TH 2 .......................................................................................................... 19
NH GI THC TRNG PHT TRIN THY SN THI K 2001-2011
................................................................................................................................... 19
2.1. V tr, vai tr ngnh thy sn trong nn KTQD...................................................19
2.2. Thc trng pht trin KTTS .................................................................................20
2.2.1. Hin trng tu thuyn v c cu tu thuyn KTHS ...................................................... 20
2.2.2. Hin trng c cu ngh nghip khai thc hi sn .......................................................... 20
2.2.3. Nng sut v sn lng khai thc .................................................................................. 22
2.2.4. Ng trng v ma v khai thc ................................................................................... 23
2.2.5. Trnh cng ngh khai thc hi sn ............................................................................ 23
2.2.6. V khai thc thy sn ni a......................................................................................... 23
2.2.7. C s h tng ngh c .................................................................................................... 24
2.3. Hin trng pht trin NTTS ..................................................................................25

2.3.1. Nui trng thy sn vng nc mn l ......................................................................... 26
2
2.3.2. Nui trng thy sn nc ngt ...................................................................................... 27

2.3.3. T chc sn xut trong NTTS ....................................................................................... 29
2.3.4. C s h tng,hu cn dch v cho NTTS ..................................................................... 30
2.4. Thc trng pht trin CBTS .................................................................................31

2.4.1. Hin trng c s CBXKTS ............................................................................................ 31
2.4.2. V cng ngh v trang thit b CBTSXK ...................................................................... 32
2.4.3. V cng ngh bo qun sau thu hoch .......................................................................... 33
2.4.4. Hin trng CBTSXK ..................................................................................................... 33
2.4.5. Hin trng CBTSN ..................................................................................................... 35
2.5. nh gi chung v thc trng pht trin ngnh thy sn v tnh hnh thc hin
quy hoch trong giai on 2006-2010 ...........................................................................35
2.5.1. nh gi chung v thc trng pht trin ngnh thy sn giai on 2001-2011 ............ 35
2.5.2. nh gi chung v tnh hnh thc hin quy hoch trong giai on 2006-2010 ............. 40
PHN TH 3 .......................................................................................................... 43
D BO CC NHN T TC NG, NH HNG N .......................... 43
PHT TRIN THY SN .................................................................................... 43
3.1. D bo nhu cu tiu th thy sn trong v ngoi nc ...................................43
3.1.1. D bo cung-cu thy sn v kh nng cn i ngun nguyn liu trong nc n nm
2020 ......................................................................................................................................... 43
3.1.2. D bo cung-cu thy sn trn th gii ......................................................................... 45
3.1.2.1. D bo lng cung thy sn trn th gii .............................................................. 45
3.1.2.2. D bo lng cu thy sn trn th gii ................................................................ 46
3.1.2.3. Kh nng cn i cung-cu thy sn ton cu n nm 2020 ............................... 47
3.2. D bo v khoa hc cng ngh trong lnh vc thy sn ......................................47

3.2.1. ng dng cng ngh sinh hc trong NTTS ................................................................... 47
3.2.2. Cng ngh trong KTTS ................................................................................................. 48
3.2.3. Cng ngh trong CBTS ................................................................................................. 48
3.3. D bo ngun li, mi trng sinh thi thy sinh ...............................................48

3.3.1. D bo ngun li thy sn ............................................................................................. 48
3.3.2. D bo v tc ng mi trng sinh thi thy sinh trong ngnh thy sn .................... 49
3.3.3 D bo tc ng ca BKH n ngnh thy sn Vit Nam .......................................... 51
3.3.3.1. Tc ng ca BKH n ngnh KTTS ................................................................... 51
3.3.3.2. Tc ng ca BKH n ngnh NTTS ................................................................... 52
3
3.3.3.3. nh hng ca nc bin dng v tc ng n ngnh thy sn .......................... 54
3.4. Mt s d bo v ngng pht trin mang tnh bn vng cho ngnh KTTS v
NTTS Vit Nam n nm 2020 ..................................................................................55
3.4.1. Ngng pht trin mang tnh bn vng i vi KTTS ................................................. 55
3.4.2. Ngng pht trin bn vng cho NTTS ........................................................................ 56
PHN TH 4 .......................................................................................................... 57
QUY HOCH PHT TRIN NGNH THY SN N NM 2020, TM
NHN 2030 ............................................................................................................... 57
4.1. Quan im quy hoch .............................................................................................57
4.2. Mc tiu quy hoch .................................................................................................57
4.2.1. Mc tiu chung .............................................................................................................. 57
4.2.2 Mc tiu c th n 2020 ............................................................................................... 57
4.3. Cc PA quy hoch pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm 2020, tm nhn 2030 ..59
4.3.1. Cc PA quy hoch pht trin lnh vc KTTS ................................................................ 59
4.3.2. Cc PA quy hoch pht trin lnh vc NTTS ................................................................ 61
4.3.3. Cc PA quy hoch pht trin lnh vc CBTS ................................................................ 66
4.4. Quy hoch pht trin cc lnh vc n nm 2020, nh hng 2030 .................68
4.4.1. Quy hoch pht trin lnh vc KTTS ............................................................................ 68
4.4.1.1. Quy hoch sn lng KTTS .................................................................................... 68
4.4.1.2. Quy hoch ngh nghip KTTS ................................................................................ 69
4.4.1.3. Quy hoch tu thuyn KTTS ................................................................................... 71
4.4.1.4. Quy hoch phn vng khai thc.............................................................................. 72
4.4.1.5. Quy hoch KHTS ni a ........................................................................................ 73
4.4.1.6. Quy hoch c s h tng dch v hu cn ngh c ................................................ 73
4.4.2. Quy hoch pht trin lnh vc NTTS ............................................................................ 74
4.4.2.1. Quy hoch din tch v sn lng NTTS ................................................................ 74
4.4.2.2. Quy hoch c th tng i tng nui ................................................................... 74
4.4.3. Quy hoch ngh c gii tr..............................................................................................82
4.4.3.1.Quy hoch ngh c cnh.........................................................................................................82
4.4.3.2. Quy hoch ngh c gn vi du lch sinh thi, du lch bin.......................................................83
4.4.4.1. Quy hoch c cu sn lng v gi tr xut khu .................................................. 83

4.4.4.2. Quy hoch c cu sn lng v gi tr CBN ....................................................... 84
4.4.4.3. Quy hoch nh my CBTS ...................................................................................... 84
4
4.4.4.4. Quy hoch CBXK thy sn kh ............................................................................... 85

4.4.4.5. Quy hoch pht trin kho lnh................................................................................ 86
4.4.4.6. Quy hoch pht trin h thng ch c .................................................................... 86
4.4.5. Quy hoch c s h tng v hu cn dch v ngh c ................................................... 86
4.4.5.1. Quy hoch pht trin cc Trung tm ngh c ln .................................................. 86
4.4.5.2. Quy hoch h thng ch c, bn c ........................................................................ 87
4.4.5.3. Quy hoch khu neo u tu thuyn ngh c ........................................................... 87
4.4.5.4. Quy hoch h thng cng nghip c kh, hu cn, dch v ngh c. ...................... 87
4.4.5.5. Quy hoch h thng sn xut ging, sn xut thc n, thuc ng y, ch phm sinh
hc trong NTTS .................................................................................................................... 88
4.4.5.6. Quy hoch c s h tng ch bin thy sn ........................................................... 89
4.5. xut cc d n u tin u t pht trin.........................................................89

4.5.1. Lnh vc KTTS (khong 15.000 t ng) ................................................................... 899
4.5.2. Lnh vc NTTS (khong 25.000 t ng) ..................................................................... 90
4.5.3. Lnh vc CBTS v thng mi thy sn (khong 20.000 t ng).............................. 90
PHN TH 5 .......................................................................................................... 91
CC GII PHP C BN THC HIN QUY HOCH V NH GI
HIU QU D N QUY HOCH....................................................................... 91
5.1. Cc gii php c bn thc hin quy hoch ..........................................................91
5.1.1. Gii php v th trng .................................................................................................. 91
5.1.2. Gii php v KH-CN v khuyn ng ............................................................................ 92
5.1.3. Gii php v t chc v qun l sn xut ...................................................................... 94
5.1.4. Gii php v bo v mi trng v ngun li thy sn ................................................. 94
5.1.5. Gii php v c ch chnh sch ..................................................................................... 95
5.1.6. Gii php v o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc ....................................................... 97
5.1.7. Gii php v hp tc quc t ......................................................................................... 98
5.1.8. Gii php v u t ........................................................................................................ 99
5.1.9. T chc thc hin quy hoach....................................................................................... 100
5.2 nh gi hiu qu d n quy hoch ......................................................................101

5.2.1. Hiu qu v kinh t ..................................................................................................... 101
5.2.2. Hiu qu v x hi ...................................................................................................... 102
5.2.3. Hiu qu v mt mi trng sinh thi v ngun li thy sn ...................................... 102
5.2.4. Hiu qu v quc phng an ninh ................................................................................ 103
5
KT LUN ............................................................................................................ 104

TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................... 106
Phn ti liu ting Vit .................................................................................................106
Phn ti liu ting Anh ................................................................................................110
PH LC CC BNG BIU
Bng 1. Hin trng GDP thy sn trong nn kinh t Quc dn giai on 2001-2011
19
Bng 2. C cu tu thuyn khai thc thy sn phn theo cng sut my
20
Bng 3. C cu tu thuyn khai thc theo vng kinh t nm 2011
20
Bng 4. Hin trng c cu ngh khai thc thy sn giai on 2001-2010
21
Bng 5. Hin trng c cu ngh khai thc theo cng sut nm 2010
21
Bng 6. Hin trng sn lng khai thc thy sn Vit Nam giai on 2001-2010
22
Bng 7. Hin trng c cu sn lng khai thc hi sn theo vng kinh t
23
Bng 8. Sn lng KTTS ni a qua cc nm
24
Bng 9. Din tch NTTS ton quc giai on 2001-2010
25
Bng 10. Sn lng NTTS ton quc giai on 2001-2010
26
Bng 11. Din tch nui mn, l theo i tng nm 2010
26
Bng 12. Sn lng nui mn, l theo i tng nm 2010
27
Bng 13. Nng sut nui mn, l theo i tng nm 2010
27
Bng 14. Din tch nui ngt theo i tng nm 2010
28
Bng 15. Sn lng nui ngt theo i tng nui nm 2010
28
Bng 16. Nng sut nui thy sn nc ngt nm 2010
29
Bng 17. Cc c s ch bin thy sn xut khu
32
Bng 18. Nng lc thit b cng ngh trong cc nh my CBTS
32
Bng 19. S lng v loi thit b cp ng nm 2011
33
Bng 20. C cu sn phm thu sn XK Vit Nam giai on 2001-2011
34
Bng 21. Sn phm thu sn ch bin tiu th ni a ton quc qua cc nm
35
Bng 22. So snh mt s ch tiu ngnh thy sn giai on quy hoch 2005-2010
42
Bng 23. D bo nhu cu-cu nguyn liu trong nc n nm 2020
43
Bng 24. D bo nhu cu nguyn liu cho ch bin thy sn n nm 2020
44
Bng 25. D bo nhu cu nhp khu nguyn liu thy sn n nm 2020
45
Bng 26. D bo th trng tiu th thy sn ca Vit Nam n nm 2020
45
Bng 27. D bo lng cung thy sn ton cu n nm 2020
46
Bng 28. D bo nhu cu tiu th thy sn ton cu n nm 2015
46
47
Bng 30. Cn bng cung-cu thy sn ton cu n nm 2020
47
Bng 31. Ngun li hi sn VN nm 2005 vi gi nh c gi n nh n 2020
49
Bng 32. Knh bn mc tng nhit TB nm so vi thi k 1980-1999
53
Bng 33. Kch bn mc tng lng ma TB nm so vi thi k 1980-1999
54
Bng 34. Kch bn nc bin dng so vi thi k 1980-1999
55
Bng 35. Phng n I quy hoch KTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)
60
Bng 36. Phng n II quy hoch KTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n chn)
60
Bng 37. Phng n III quy hoch KTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)
61
Bng 38. Phng n I quy hoch NTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)
63
Bng 39. Phng n II quy hoch NTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n chn)
64
Bng 40. Phng n III quy hoch NTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)
65
Bng 41. Phng n I quy hoch CBTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)
66
Bng 42. Phng n II quy hoch CBTS n nm 2020 (Phng n chn)
67
Bng 43. Phng n III quy hoch CBTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)
68
Bng 44: Quy hoch sn lng khai thc thy sn

Bng 45: Quy hoch sn lng khai thc hi sn theo vng
Bng 46: Quy hoch c cu ngh khai thc thy sn
Bng 47: Quy hoch c cu ngh khai thc thy sn theo vng bin n nm 2020
Bng 48: Quy hoch c cu ngh khai thc theo cng sut n nm 2020
Bng 49. Quy hoch tu thuyn khai thc thy sn n nm 2020, nh hng 2030
69
69
70
70
70
71
Bng 50. Quy hoch tu thuyn khai thc theo vng n nm 2020, nh hng 2030 71
Bng 51. Quy hoch tu c > 90 CV theo vng bin n nm 2020, nh hng 2030 72
Bng 52. Quy hoch cng c, bn c n 2020
73
Bng 53. Quy hoch khu neo u tu c n 2020
73
Bng 54. Quy hoch din tch NTTS ton quc n nm 2020
75
Bng 55. Quy hoch sn lng NTTS ton quc n 2020
76
Bng 56. Cc ch tiu pht trin nui tm s n nm 2020
77
Bng 57. Cc ch tiu quy hoch nui tm chn trng n nm 2020
78
Bng 58. Cc ch tiu pht trin nui c tra
78
Bng 59. Quy hoch nui nhuyn th n nm 2020
79
Bng 60. Quy hoch nui c bin n nm 2020
79
Bng 61. Quy hoch nui c r phi n nm 2020
80
Bng 62. Quy hoch trng rong bin n nm 2020
80
Bng 63. Quy hoch nui c truyn thng n nm 2020
81
Bng 64. Quy hoch nui tm cng xanh n nm 2020
82
Bng 65. Quy hoch sn lng CBXK khu thy sn theo nhm sn phm
83
Bng 66. Quy hoch sn lng thy sn CBN theo nhm sn phm
84
Bng 67. Quy hoch cng sut, nh my CBTS quy m cng nghip theo vng kinh t
85
Bng 68. Quy hoch XK hng thy sn kh theo vng
85
Bng 69. Quy hoch h thng kho lnh theo vng n nm 2020
86
Bng 70. Quy hoch ch c giai on 2011-2020
86
DANH MC CC T VIT TT
T vit tt
Ni dung vit tt
USD
n v tin t M
NTTS
Nui trng thy sn
CNH-HH
Cng nghip ha-hin i ha
QH
Quc hi
N/CP
Ngh nh ca Chnh ph
NQ/TW
Ngh quyt Trung ng
Q-TTg
Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph
KTQD
Kinh t quc dn
KTTS
Khai thc thy sn
CBTS
Ch bin thy sn
TW
Trung ng
KT-XH
Kinh t-x hi
BVMT
Bo v mi trng
FAO
T chc Nng, lng thc Lin Hip Quc
GDP
Tng sn phm quc ni
GTT
Gi thc t
GSS
Gi so snh
KT&BVNLTS
Khai thc v bo v ngun li thy sn
CV
n v o cng sut my thy
TTT
Tc tng trng
KTHS
Khai thc hi sn
vt
n v tnh
TTBQ
Tc tng bnh qun
BSH
ng bng Sng Hng
TDMNPB
Trung du min ni pha Bc
BTB&DHMT
Bc Trung B v Duyn hi min Trung
NB
ng Nam B
BSCL
ng bng sng Cu Long
NN&PTNT
Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn
HTX
Hp tc x
10
CBXK
Ch bin xut khu
DNNN
Doanh nghip Nh nc
DN
Doanh nghip
XK
Xut khu
EU
Cng ng Chu u
KT&QHTS
Kinh t v quy hoch thy sn
TB
Thit b
VASEP
Hip hi ch bin thy sn Vit Nam
ATVSTP
An ton v sinh thc phm
ASEAN
Cng ng cc nc ng Nam
ng Lnh
BQ
Bnh qun
CBN
Ch bin ni a
SL
Sn lng
KH-CN
Khoa hc-cng ngh
TSC
Ti sn c nh
KGXK
Kim ngch xut khu
KTN
Khai thc ni a
TS
Thy sn
VN
Vit Nam
BKH
Bin i kh hu
NBD
Nc bin dng
Ha
n v o din tch t
UBND
y ban Nhn dn
TC
Thm canh
BTS
Bn thm canh
QCCT
Qung canh ci tin
NL
Nguyn liu
GT
Gi tr
SL
Sn lng
DVHC
Dch v hu cn
CSDL
C s d liu
u t
11
PHN M U
1.1. Tnh cp thit
Ngnh thy sn c v tr c bit quan trng trong chin lc pht trin kinh t-x
hi Vit nam.Trong nhng nm qua sn xut thy sn t c nhng thnh tu ng
k. Nm 2011, tng sn lng thy sn t trn 5,2 triu tn (tng gp 5,1 ln so vi nm
1990, bnh qun tng 8,49%/nm ); sn lng nui trng t 3 triu tn (tng gp 9,7 ln
so vi nm 1990, bnh qun tng 12,02%/nm ); sn lng KTTS t trn 2,2 triu tn
(tng gp 3,1 ln so vi nm 1990, bnh qun tng 5,83%/nm). Hng thy sn Vit Nam
c mt trn 164 quc gia v vng lnh th trn th gii. Kim ngch xut khu nm
2011 t trn 6,11 t USD (tng gp 29,8 ln so nm 1990, bnh qun tng 18,5%/nm).
c bit, tm v c tra l hai mt hng xut khu ch lc trong nhiu nm, nm 2011t
kim ngch xut khu tm l 2,39 t USD v c tra l 1,8 t USD. Thy sn lun trong top
u cc mt hng xut khu ca t nc v gi vng v tr top 10 nc xut khu thy
sn hng u th gii.
n nay, thy sn pht trin thnh mt ngnh kinh t mi nhn, mt ngnh sn
xut hng ha ln, i u trong hi nhp kinh t quc t. Bn cnh , vi s tng trng
nhanh, hiu qu, Thy sn ng gp tch cc trong chuyn i c cu kinh t nng
nghip nng thn, ng gp hiu qu cho cng cuc xa i gim ngho, gii quyt vic
lm cho trn 4 triu lao ng, nng cao i sng cho cng ng c dn khp cc vng
nng thn ven bin, hi o, ng bng, trung du, min ni, Ty Bc, Ty Nguyn; ng
thi, gp phn quan trng trong bo v an ninh quc phng trn vng bin, o ca T
quc.
Bn cnh nhng kt qu t c, trong qu trnh pht trin, ngnh thy sn v
ang phi ng u vi s cnh tranh gay gt trn th trng quc t, lin tc va vp
hng lot cc hng ro k thut v cht lng, v sinh, an ton thc phm, trong iu kin
phi i mt vi khng t kh khn, thch thc t ni ti, t thc trng sn xut trong
nc nh : Sn lng khai thc hi sn vt ngng cho php, ngun li thy sn c
du hiu suy thoi; din tch nui trng thy sn khai thc n mc ti hn, nhim
mi trng v dch bnh pht sinh; t chc qun l cn nhiu kh khn, lng tng; qui m
sn xut vn quanh qun trong h gia nh, pht trin t pht theo c ch th trng; trnh
sn xut c bn vn trong tnh trng th cng, lc hu . Trong iu kin , Thy sn
phi i mt trc tip vi s bin i kh hu, nc bin dng, cc bin i d thng ca
thi tit, cc him ha ca thin tai nh nng nng, kh hn, bo, l, ma ln, triu
cng...
gi vng th trng, gi n nh tc tng trng, tr thnh mt ngnh sn
xut hng ha c bn c CNH-HH vo nm 2020 v tip tc pht trin ton din bn
vng, vn t ra cho ngnh thy sn cn phi xc nh chnh xc mc tiu, cc phng
n pht trin ph hp, cc gii php t ph c tnh kh thi cao trong giai on n nm
2020 v nh hng n nm 2030.
V vy, vic lp Quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh thy sn Vin Nam n nm
2020, tm nhn n nm 2030 c t ra l cn thit v cp bch.
12
1.2. Cc cn c, c s lp quy hoch

- Lut Thy sn s 17/2003/QH11 c Quc hi Nc Cng ha x hi ch
ngha Vit Nam thng qua ngy 26 thng 11 nm 2003;
- Ngh nh s 92/2006/N-CP ngy 7 thng 9 nm 2006 v Ngh nh s
04/2008/N-CP ngy 11 thng 01 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung mt s iu
ca Ngh nh s 92/2006/N-CP ngy 07 thng 9 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v lp, ph
duyt v qun l quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t-x hi;
- Ngh quyt s 09-NQ/TW ngy 09/02/2007 ca Hi ngh ln th t Ban Chp
hnh Trung ng ng kha X v chin lc bin Vit Nam n nm 2020;
- Ngh quyt 26-NQ/TW ngy 05/8/2008 Hi ngh ln th by Ban Chp hnh
Trung ng ng kha X v nng nghip, nng dn, nng thn;
- Quyt nh s 1690/Q-TTg ngy 16 thng 09 nm 2010 ca Th tng Chnh
ph v vic Chin lc pht trin thy sn Vit Nam n nm 2020;
- Quyt nh s 124/Q-TTg ngy 02 thng 02 nm 2012 ca Th tng Chnh
ph v vic Ph duyt Quy hoch tng th pht trin sn xut ngnh nng nghip n nm
2020 v tm nhn n 2030.
1.3. Mc tiu quy hoch
1.3.1. Mc tiu tng qut
Xy dng quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh thu sn Vit Nam n nm 2020,
tm nhn 2030 c c s khoa hc, thc tin; hng ngnh thy sn pht trin n nh,
bn vng.
1.3.2. Mc tiu c th
- Xc nh v tr, vai tr ca ngnh thy sn trong nn kinh t quc dn n nm
2020, tm nhn 2030.
- nh gi hin trng pht trin ngnh thy sn giai on 2001-2011, nhng thnh
tu t c, nhng bi hc kinh nghim .
- Xc nh cc ch tiu c bn ca ngnh thy sn n nm 2020, nh hng 2030
- La chn phng n quy hoch c c s khoa hc, ph hp vi iu kin kinh
t, sinh thi, vi nh hng quy hoch chung ca ngnh nng nghip.
- Xc nh cc chng trnh, d n u tin u t trong giai on n nm 2020.
- c tnh tng nhu cu vn u t v phn k u t.
- xut mt s gii php ch yu thc hin quy hoch.
1.4. Phm vi, ni dung quy hoch
1.4.1. Phm vi quy hoch
Quy hoch c trin khai trn phm vi lnh th Vit Nam (bao gm phn t lin,
vng bin v hi o) phn theo 7 vng kinh t sinh thi v 5 vng bin (Vnh Bc b,
min Trung, ng Nam b, Ty nam b, Bin ng-Trng Sa).
13
1.4.2. Ni dung quy hoch

- V tr, vi tr ca ngnh thy sn trong nn kinh t quc dn.
- nh gi thc trng pht trin ngnh thy sn giai on 2001-2011v tnh hnh
thc hin quy hoch trong giai on 2006-2010.
- D bo cc nhn t tc ng, nh hng n pht trin ngnh thy sn n 2020
v tm nhn 2030.
- Quy hoch pht trin cc lnh vc trong ngnh thy sn (KTTS, NTTS, CBTS, c
s h tng, HCDV ngh c).
- xut cc gii php thc hin quy hoch v cc d n u tin u t.
- Kt lun
1.5. Phng php quy hoch
1.5.1. Phng php nh gi chung
- K tha cc thng tin t liu, ti liu hin c t cc c quan TW v a phng,
cc t chc quc t, cc trng i hc v cc Vin nghin cu trong v ngoi nc lin
quan n thy sn; cc s liu thng k ca Tng Cc thng k v thng k ca cc
tnh/thnh ph.
- iu tra thu thp thng tin, s liu thng k b sung c lin quan ti 63 tnh/thnh
ph trn c nc v iu kin t nhin, tnh hnh KT-XH, hin trng pht trin ngnh thy
sn giai on 2001-2011, phn tch nh tim nng v thc trng pht trin.
- S dng cc phng php thng k m t v so snh, phn tch m hnh v d
bo, phn tch kinh t-x hi-mi trng, phn tch hin trng pht trin cc lnh vc
KTTS, NTTS, CBTS.
- S dng phng php chuyn gia t vn, nh hng v mc tiu, ni dung,
phng php... trong sut qu trnh xy dng quy hoch t giai on chun b cng
n t chc thc hin, vit bo co tng hp v cng b kt qu.
- S dng phng php hi ngh, hi tho tham vn kin ca cc chuyn gia
c kinh nghim, xin kin ca cc a phng, cc b, ngnh c lin quan hon thin
bo co trnh Th tng chnh ph ph duyt.
1.5.2. Phng php quy hoch lnh vc KTTS
a) Phng php quy hoch: Xut pht t mc tiu Chin lc pht trin ngnh thy
sn n nm 2020, nh hng 2030 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt lm c s lp
cc phng n quy hoch lnh vc KTTS. S dng m hnh Schaefer nh gi, d bo
ngun li hi sn.
b) Phng n ct gim s lng tu thuyn: Do cc s liu nh gi v ngun
li thy sn cn hn ch, s liu thng k cho tin cy cha cao, c s khoa hc cho
quy hoch s lng tu thuyn ph hp tr lng, tim nng ngun li, cho tng ngh,
tng vng bin v tng a phng gp kh khn. V vy, phng php c s dng
trong quy hoch v phng n ct gim s lng tu thuyn l cn c vo cc vn bn qui
phm php lut c ban hnh (quc t v Vit Nam), cn c vo tnh hnh thc t hot
ng mt s ngh KTTS qua nhiu nm, phng n ct gim tu thuyn KTTS theo cc
bc sau.
14
- Bc 1: Gim nhng ngh khai thc gy xm phm ngun li, cm khai thc
c c th ha trong Lut Thy sn c Quc Hi 11 thng qua nm 2003.
- Bc 2: Gim nhng ngh m cc nc trn th gii v trong khu vc cm,
nhng hin nay Vit Nam vn ang hot ng.
- Bc 3: Gim nhng ngh c chi ph xng du qu ln, hot ng khng c hiu
qu trong nhiu nm.
1.5.3. Phng php quy hoch lnh vc NTTS
Phng php lp quy hoch lnh vc NTTS c tin hnh qua 6 bc (s 1).
S 1: Phng php lp quy hoch lnh vc NTTS
Thng qua bo co quy hoch
Mc tiu ca Chin lc pht trin thy

sn l cn c, c s khoa hc xy dng
cc phng n QH.
Hon thin bo co quy hoch lnh vc

NTTS
iu tra hin trng

NTTS
63
tnh/thnh ph, tng hp/ cn i/ so
snh vi mc tiu chin lc pht trin
thy sn
Hi tho xin kin chuyn gia,cc c

quan qun l , cc nh khoa hc cc
a phng trn c nc
Xy dng cc phng n quy hoch

ph hp vi mc tiu ca Chin lc
pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm
2020
1.5.4. Phng php lp quy hoch lnh vc CBTS v d bo th trng tiu th

a) Phng php lp quy hoch CBTS.
Xut pht t mc tiu Chin lc xut khu thy sn n nm 2020 c Th tng
Chnh ph ph duyt lm cn c lp cc phng n quy hoch.
Cn c tnh hnh d bo cung-cu thy sn ( trong nc v th gii) ca FAO v ca
cc nh khoa hc cng b; cn c vo kh nng sn xut nguyn liu v kh nng ca ngnh
cng nghip ch bin, lp cc phng n quy hoch ph hp mc tiu Chin lc xut khu
thy sn n nm 2020.
Cn c xu hng pht trin xut khu thy sn 10 nm qua, d bo trin vng n nm
2020, tm nhn 2030. T kt qu d bo, i chiu vi kch bn quy hoch, thng nht lp
phng n quy hoch CBTS.
b) Phng php d bo th trng tiu th.
S dng cc phng php d bo sau:
1. Phng php trung bnh di hn.
2. Phng php trung bnh ng.
3. Ngoi suy xu hng bng m hnh kinh t lng
.
15
1.5.5. Phng php lp bn quy hoch

a) Thu thp ti liu, d liu
a1) D liu khng gian
a2) D liu thuc tnh
a3) Phn mm s dng
Cc phn mm s dng ch yu: Mapinfor, ArcGIS v Microstation
b) S ha v chun ha d liu khng gian
b1) Bn nn v h ta
- Bn nn a hnh quc gia t l 1/250.000 h ta VN2000 c s dng
lm h ta chun cho ton h thng c s d liu.
- Cc ngun d liu khng gian c thu thp t cc c quan trong v ngoi ngnh,
vi cc nh vin thm, m hnh s cao c h ta quc t (WGS84) c tnh chuyn
quy v h ta VN2000 vi 7 tham s chuyn i m bo chnh xc khng gian
theo thng t hng dn 112/B-CNT Cc o c bn v quyt nh
05/2007/Q-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.
b2) Cp nht s ha cc thng tin b sung
- Trn c s kho st hin trng vng nui, ta , v tr cc vng nui tp trung
cc a phng, kt hp vi mt s loi nh vin thm, nh google c phn gii khng
gian cao c h tr cho qu trnh cp nht v b sung cho qu trnh xy dng cc bn
hin trng.
- Cc lp thng tin c phn loi theo cc i tng ty theo c im ca cc
chuyn , sau ton b cc loi d liu c tch theo cc vng.
b3) Chun ha v xy dng c s d liu (CSDL) thuc tnh
b3.1) Xy dng cu trc CSDL bn nn gm cc lp
+ Ranh gii hnh chnh 4 cp (quc gia, tnh, huyn, x). H thng c s d liu
c xy dng v m ha theo cc trng d liu (Tn hnh chnh, m (tnh, huyn, x),
dn s, din tch.
+ H thng giao thng: c phn loi v m ha theo cc trng d liu (M v
tn loi). Trong d liu c m ha thnh 5 loi ( tnh l, quc l, ng st, ng
ni th v ng khc).
+ H thng thy h: c xy dng theo cc trng (m, tn). Trong d liu
c m ha thnh cc loi (song, sui, khe, knh mng, h, nm, ngi).
+ Cc khu dn c v cc yu t khc c xy dng theo cc trng c bn gm:
m v tn miu t.
b3.2) Cc d liu chuyn
+ i vi cc loi d liu biu din dng khng gian nh cc vng nui tp trung,
cc cng c c t chc thnh cc lp ring bit v c xy dng theo cc trng
(m, tn miu t).
+ i vi cc s liu lu tr dng bng biu, th, s liu c lu tr theo
trng kha (M hnh chnh, tn miu t v cc thng tin chuyn mn i km
16
c) X l d liu v xy dng CSDL

c1) H thng bn hin trng
+ Bn hin trng khai thc, hin trng ging, hin trng ch bin c xy dng
da trn c s d liu v hin trng ca cc a phng.
+ Bn hin trng c nc lnh, hin trng cng c, bn c c xy dng da
trn kt qu o v tr GPS.
+ Bn hin trng NTTS: c xy dng da trn kt qu phn tch nh v tinh
Spot, Landsat c s kt hp vi h thng nh google phn gii cao v bn hin
trng s dng t ca cc tnh b sung thng tin.
c2) H thng bn tim nng v quy hoch
Trn c s h thng d liu hin trng v d liu lin quan c xy dng, cc lp
thng tin chuyn c tch v s dng lm d liu phn tch theo cc tiu ch xy
dng bn tim nng.
+ i vi bn tim nng nui c nc lnh c da vo 2 tiu ch (Nhit v
khong cch n rng).
S 2. Quy trnh xy dng h thng CSDL v bn phc v
Quy hoch tng th ngnh thy sn
S liu khng gian
Bn nn
Chun
ha h
thng
CSDL
S liu thuc tnh

nh Vin thm b sung,
cp nht, m hnh s cao
Cc bn
hin trng
theo chuyn
, cc sn
phm k tha
c s ha,
chun ha
Cc tiu ch, cc phng php

phn tch GIS to ra cc sn
phm trung gian
Cc bn tim nng
Cc bn quy hoch
1.6. Sn phm quy hoch
(1) Bo co tng hp Quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm 2020,
tm nhn 2030.
(2) Bo co tm tt Quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm 2020,
tm nhn 2030.
(3) Cc bo co chuyn phc v Quy hoch pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm
2020, tm nhn 2030.
17
(4) Bn hin trng ngnh thy sn nm 2010 t l 1/1.000.000, theo 8 vng kinh
t sinh thi v 5 vng bin t l 1/250.000
(5) Bn quy hoch pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm 2020 t l 1/1.000.000,
theo 8 vng kinh t sinh thi v 5 vng bin t l 1/250.000.
(6) Bn tim nng pht trin nui trng thy sn t l 1/1.000.000.
(7) Bn hin trng cc trung tm ngh c hin i.
(8) Bn quy hoch cc trung tm ngh c hin i.
(09) Vn bn trnh thm nh v vn bn trnh ph duyt d n.
(10) Bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc ca D n
(11) B c s d liu:
- B d liu kt qu x l phiu iu tra.
- B d liu kt qu cuc phng vn su cc i tng.
- B d liu kt qu ca cuc tho lun nhm tp trung.
- H thng cc bn c lin quan.
18
PHN TH 2
NH GI THC TRNG PHT TRIN THY SN THI
K 2001-2011
2.1. V tr, vai tr ngnh thy sn trong nn KTQD
Thy sn l mt ngnh kinh t gi v tr, vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t Quc
dn. Giai on 2001-2011 ng gp ca thy sn vo GDP chung ton quc dao ng
trong khong t 3,72%-3,1% (gi thc t) v t 2,55%-2,6% (gi so snh). Nm 2011 thy
sn ng gp vo kim ngch xut khu chung ton ngnh nng nghip khong 24,44%, v
6,34% tng kim ngch xut khu ton quc. Bnh qun giai on 2001-2011 thy sn
gii quyt cng n vic lm cho khong 150.000 lao ng/nm (trong , lao ng KTTS
khong 29,55%, lao ng NTTS 40,52%, lao ng CBTS 19,38%, lao ng HCDV
ngh c khong 10,55%). Trong xa i gim ngho, nh tng trng, thy sn a
c 43 x bi ngang ven bin c bit kh khn ra khi danh sch cc x ngho. Cng
trong giai on ny, thy sn cung cp thc phm cho trn 80 triu ngi dn Vit Nam.
Bnh qun hng nm thy sn p ng khong t 39,31-42,86% tng sn lng thc phm
gp phn quan trng trong vic m bo an ninh thc phm v dinh dng quc gia.
Trong qu trnh pht trin thi k qua, Thy sn c ng gp quan trng trong
chuyn dch c cu kinh t ngnh nng nghip. C cu sn xut nng, lm, thu sn
chuyn dch theo hng nng cao nng sut, cht lng, hiu qu, gi tr gn vi th
trng. T trng nng nghip ( nng, lm, dim, ng nghip ) trong tng GDP c nc
gim dn t 19,52% nm 2001 xung cn 16,41% nm 2011. Trong ni b ngnh Nng
nghip, t trng thu sn tng t 19,06% nm 2001 ln 21,3% nm 2011.
Cng cc ng gp c gi tr v kinh t, pht trin thy sn cn c ngha su sc
v an ninh quc phng. Nhng ng dn hot ng khai thc hi sn trn bin chnh l
nhng cng dn bin, l nhng ch nhn ch thc, thc hin li dy ca Bc H:
"Bin bc ca ta do nhn dn ta lm ch". Nhng ng dn hng ngy, hng gi cng
vi cc hot ng nh c, ang gin tip tham gia tun tra, kim sot, gim st cc hot
ng trn bin, gp phn gii quyt cc mu thun, tranh chp trn bin ng, gp phn
ngn chn, hn ch nhng tu thuyn nc ngoi xm phm vng bin Vit Nam.
Bng 1. Hin trng GDP thy sn trong nn kinh t Quc dn giai on 2001-2011
vt: T ng
TT
Hng mc
GDT ton quc (GTT)
GDP thy sn
T trng so vi ton quc
GDP ton quc (GSS)
GDP thy sn
T trng so vi ton quc
2005
2010
c
2011
481.295
839.211
1.980.914
17.904
32.947
3,72
2001
Tng trng bnh qun

20012005
20062011
20012011
2.303.439
14,91%
18,78%
16,95%
66.130
71.504
16,47%
13,28%
14,85%
3,93
3,34
3,10
292.535
393.031
551.609
587.654
7,66%
6,68%
7,22%
7.449
10.181
14.286
15.279
8,12%
6,85%
7,45%
2,55
2,59
2,59
2,60
Ngun: Tng Cc thng k

19
2.2. Thc trng pht trin KTTS

2.2.1. Hin trng tu thuyn v c cu tu thuyn KTHS
Theo Cc KT&BVNLTS n nm 2011 c nc c trn 126,4 nghn tu c cc
loi vi tng cng sut khong 4,4 triu CV (tu thuyn tng 70%, cng sut tng 175% so
vi nm 2001). Trong , nhm tu c cng sut < 20 CV tng bnh qun 9,1%/nm, ( gy
nh hng nghim trng n ngun li ven b vn ang suy gim); nhm tu c cng sut
t 20-90CV tng bnh qun 1,8%/nm; nhm tu c cng sut ln hn 90CV tng bnh qun
13%/nm- y l nhm tu c mc tng trng cao nht th hin xu hng pht trin khai
thc hng ra khi xa, ph hp vi ch trng pht trin khai thc hi sn xa b ca ng
v Nh nc.
Bng 2. C cu tu thuyn khai thc hi sn phn theo cng sut my
TT
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
2
Loi tu
Tng s tu c
Loi < 20 cv
T l
Loi 20 - 90 cv
T l
Loi > 90 cv
T l
Tng cng sut
CS i tu > 90 cv
vt
2001
2010
2011
Chic
Chic
%
Chic
%
Chic
%
cv
cv
74.495
29.586
39,7
38.904
52,2
6.005
8,1
3.497.457
1.613.300
128.449
64.802
50,4
45.584
35,5
18.063
14,1
6.500.000
3.215.214
126.458
62.031
49,1
39.457
31,2
24.970
19,7
6.449.358
4.444.660
Tc tng
bnh qun
(%/nm)
6,2%
9,1%
1,8%
13,0%
7,1%
8,0%
Ngun: Cc KT&BVNLTS-Tng Cc Thy Sn
C cu tu thuyn khai thc hi sn phn b tng i ng u so vi din tch

mt nc bin ca tng vng bin, trong vng bin Vnh Bc B chim 31,4%, vng
bin Trung B chim 42,1%, vng bin ng Nam B chim 13,5%, v vng bin Ty
Nam B chim 13% tng s tu thuyn ton quc.
Bng 3. C cu tu thuyn khai thc hi sn theo vng bin nm 2010
TT
1
2
3
4
Vng bin
Vnh Bc B
Trung B
ng Nam B
Ty Nam B
C nc
Tng s
tu
40.339
54.111
17.300
16.699
128.449
< 20 cv
20 - 90 cv
> 90 cv
Chic
%
Chic
%
Chic
%
28.493 44,0
8.954
19,6
2.892
16,0
31.379 48,4
17.489
38,4
5.243
29,0
3.805
5,9
8.060
17,7
5.435
30,1
1.125
1,7
11.081
24,3
4.493
24,9
64.802
100
45.584
100
18.063
100
Ngun: Cc KT&BVNLTS-Tng Cc Thy Sn
2.2.2. Hin trng c cu ngh nghip khai thc hi sn

Nhn chung c cu ngh nghip KTHS thi k 2001- 2011 tip tc chuyn dch theo
nh hng th trng: nhng ngh mi khai thc c hiu qu tip tc tng v nhng
20
ngh khai thc khng hiu qu tip tc gim. Ngh li ko gim t 22,5% nm 2001
xung cn 17,6% nm 2010; ngh li r tng t 24,5% nm 2001 ln 36,8% nm 2010;
ngh li vy gim t 7,7% nm 2001 xung cn 4,5% nm 2010; ngh cu gim t
19,7% nm 2001 xung cn 17% nm 2010; ngh v, mnh gim nh t 7,8% xung
7,7% nm 2010; ngh c nh gim t 7,5% xung cn 3,3% nm 2010; cc ngh khc
tng t 10,3% nm 2001 ln 12,8% nm 2010. iu ny ph hp vi quy lut t nhin v
th trng.
Bng 4. Hin trng c cu ngh khai thc hi sn giai on 2001-2010
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hng mc
H li ko
H li r
H li vy
H ngh cu
H li v, mnh
H ngh c nh
H ngh khc
Tng cng
n
v
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
T l
Nm
T l TTBQ
Nm
(%)
(%)
(%/nm)
2001
2010
16.761
22,5
22.554
17,6
3,4%
18.251
24,5
47.312
36,8
11,2%
5.736
7,7
6.188
4,8
0,8%
14.676
19,7
21.896
17,0
4,5%
5.811
7,8
9.872
7,7
6,1%
5.587
7,5
4.240
3,3
-3,0%
7.673
10,3
16.387
12,8
8,8%
74.495
100
128.449
100
6,2%
Ngun: Cc KT&BVNLTS- Tng Cc Thy Sn
V c cu ngh nghip KTHS phn theo nhm cng sut cho thy, nm 2010, ngh
li ko vn chim t trng kh ln trong c cu ngh khai thc ca c nc, trn 17%;
ngh li r trn 36%; ngh cu 17% (trong ngh cu vng c ng i dng chim 4%
h ngh cu); ngh khc chim trn 12%, ngh li vy trn 4%; ngh c nh trn 3%.
T trng cc loi ngh trong c cu ngh nm 2010 so vi nm 2001 c nhiu thay i,
ngh li ko v ngh c nh c xu hng gim dn, ngh li r tng nhanh. iu ny cho thy
ngh li r khai thc cc loi c c gi tr kinh t, mang li hiu qu cao nn xu hng tng
nhanh, cn ngh li ko v ngh c nh khai thc cc loi c khng c gi trong c ch th
trng nn khng hiu qu, do ang ngy cng gim st, mt khc cc ngh ny ang lm tn
hi ngun li nn phm vi hot ng ang b hn ch. Cc ngh li vy v ngh cu c chiu
hng gim nh so vi nm 2001.
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bng 5. Hin trng c cu ngh khai thc hi sn theo cng sut nm 2010
< 20 cv
20 - 90 cv
> 90 cv
H ngh
Tng s
Chic
%
Chic
%
Chic
%
Li ko
22.554
3.024
4,7
11.088 24,3
8.442
46,7
Li r
47.312
35.053 54,1 10.476 23,0
1.783
9,9
Li vy
6.188
119
0,2
3.670
8,1
2.399
13,3
Ngh cu
21.896
8.865
13,7 10.508 23,1
2.523
14,0
Li v, mnh
9.872
4.613
7,1
3.793
8,3
1.466
8,1
Ngh c nh
4.240
2.568
4,0
1.455
3,2
217
1,2
Ngh khc
16.387
10.560 16,3
4.594
10,1
1.233
6,8
Tng cng
128.449 64.802 100 45.584 100 18.063 100
21
Cc s liu t Bng 5 cho thy hn mt na s tu di 20 CV (54,1%) hot ng

ngh li r ven b v gn mt na s tu c trn 90 CV (46,7%) l cc tu li ko. Cc
s liu phn nh mt kha cnh su sc ca bc tranh kinh t x hi trong ngh c Vit
nam hin nay. Ngh li r ang l ngh trng yu trong sinh k ca a s cng ng ng
dn ngho ven b. Cn cc ng dn kh gi hn, c kh nng ng tu cng sut ln
(trn 90 CV), vn tp trung pht trin ngh li ko, mc cho hiu qu ngh thp v
ngun li b xm hi ? y l nhng vn , l bi ton ang ch li gii trong thc
trng khai thc hi sn Vit nam hin nay.
2.2.3. Nng sut v sn lng khai thc
Theo Tng Cc thng k, nm 2010 c nc t 2,42 triu tn thy sn cc loi, tng
40,7% so vi nm 2001, trong khai thc bin chim 92%, cn li l khai thc ni a.
Phn theo vng khai thc th xa b chim 49,4%, cn li l sn lng ven b chim 50,6%
tng sn lng khai thc hi sn ton quc. Sn lng khai thc ni a c xu hng gim,
bnh qun gim 2,5%/nm (2001-2010). Sn lng khai thc hi sn c xu hng tng
chm, vng bin gn b khong 1,1%/nm v vng bin xa b khong10,3%/nm
(2001-2010).
Bng 6. Hin trng sn lng khai thc thy sn Vit Nam giai on 2001-2010
Nm
T l
T l TTBQ
TT
Sn lng
vt
Nm 2010
(%)
(%) (%/nm)
2001
I Tng sn lng
tn 1.724.800 100
2.420.800 100
3,8%
1 Sn lng ni a
tn
243.600
14,1
194.200
8,0
-2,5%
2 Sn lng hi sn
tn 1.481.200 85,9 2.226.600 92,0
4,6%
Sn lng c bin
tn 1.120.500 75,6 1.648.200 74,0
4,4%
II SLHS tuyn bin tn 1.481.200 100
2.226.600 100
4,6%
3 Sn lng xa b
tn
456.000
30,8 1.100.000 49,4
10,3%
4 Sn lng ven b
tn 1.025.200 69,2
1.126.600 50,6
1,1%
Ngun: Tng Cc thng k qua cc nm
V c cu sn lng phn theo vng bin: vng bin Vnh Bc B c xu hng

tng t 14,3% nm 2001 ln 17,4% nm 2010; cn li cc vng bin khc u c xu
hng gim ( vng bin Trung B gim t 32% nm 2001 xung cn 31,9% nm 2010;
vng bin ng Nam B gim t 29% xung cn 28,8% nm 2010; vng bin Ty Nam
B gim t 24,8% xung cn 21,9% nm 2010). iu ny th hin s suy gim nghim
trng ngun li thy sn trong giai on ny.
22
Bng 7. Hin trng c cu sn lng khai thc hi sn theo vng bin

Nm
T l
Nm
T l TTBQ
TT
Vng bin
vt
(%)
(%) (%/nm)
2001
2010
1 Vnh Bc B
tn
211.500
14,3
387.535
17,4
7,0%
2 Trung B
tn
473.400
32,0
710.341
31,9
4,6%
3 ng Nam B tn
429.000
29,0
640.884
28,8
4,6%
4 Ty Nam B
tn
367.300
24,8
487.841
21,9
3,2%
C nc
tn 1.481.200 100 2.226.600 100
4,6%
2.2.4. Ng trng v ma v khai thc

Vng bin Vit Nam tri di t Bc vo Nam vi s phn b ca nhiu ng trng
khai thc trng im. Ma v khai thc hi sn: c 02 v chnh l v c Nam (thng 4 10) v v c Bc (thng 11 - 3 nm sau). Hng nm c khong 15.000 tu thuyn di
chuyn ng trng khai thc theo ma v. V c Bc di chuyn ra 2 vng Vnh Bc B v
Ty Nam B, v c Nam tp trung vng bin min Trung v ng Nam B.
Trong v c Bc do nhit nc gim nn cc n c c xu hng di c ra vng
bin xa b, v th cc ngh khai thc xa b c nng sut cao hn trong v ny. Mt s ng
trng khai thc quan trng bao gm:
(1) Ng trng Bch Long V
(2) Ng trng gia vnh Bc B
(3) Ng trng ca vnh Bc B
(4) Ng trng Hn M-Hn Mt
(5) Bi c Hn Gi-Thun An
(6) Ng trng pha ng Nng
(7) Ng trng pha ng Quy Nhn
(8) Ng trng ng Bc C Lao Thu

(9) Ng trng Nam C Lao Thu
(10) Ng trng Cn Sn
(11) Ng trng ca sng Cu Long
(12) Ng trng gn b Ty Nam B
(13) Ng trng Ty Nam Ph Quc
(14) Ng trng Nam Hong Sa n Ty Nam
Trng Sa
2.2.5. Trnh cng ngh khai thc hi sn

Trong thi k qua, trnh cng ngh khai thc hi sn tip tc c s thay i. Bn
cnh vic ci tin cc ngh li ko, r, vy trong nc, vic tip tc du nhp v ci tin
cc ngh c du nhp cho ph hp vi iu kin Vit nam c thc hin, nh:
Cu c rn (m, hng) t Hng Kng (1990); cu vng c ng i dng t Nht Bn
(1992-1993); chp mc kt hp nh sng t Thi Lan (1993); li ko y c m cao
t Trung Quc (1997 - 1998), li vy c gii khai thc c ng, s dng nh sng in v
my d c trong ngh li vy, li ko i bin su... S du nhp v ci tin cc ngh
khai thc lm thay i c cu ngh, lm thay i c cu sn phm v gip ng dn tip
cn cc sn phm c cht lng, c gi bn cao (c m sng, c ng i dng) tiu
th trong nc v xut khu.
2.2.6. V khai thc thy sn ni a
Khai thc ni a c xu hng gim , bnh qun gim 2,5%/nm, th hin ngun li
thy sn ang b suy gim nghim trng do vic khai thc qu mc, khai thc hy dit, c
23
bit l tnh trng nhim mi trng v ngun nc trn cc h thng sng ngi, knh
rch trn ton quc.
Phng tin khai thc thy sn ni a rt th s, ch yu l cc loi cng c khai
thc truyn thng c t lu i nh chi, li, ng, , cha k ti kch in, xung
in y l nhng phng tin c tnh hy dit rt cao, ng dn c th nh bt bt c
i tng v kch thc no, m gn nh khng gp phi tr ngi no.
Bng 8. Sn lng KTTS ni a qua cc nm
Nm
2001
2005
2010
TTBQ
Sn lng (1.000 tn)
243,6
196,8
194,2
-2,5%
Ngun: Tng cc thng k qua cc nm
2.2.7. C s h tng ngh c

- Cng c, bn c: Hin nay c nc c 60 cng c, bn c l ni thng xuyn neo
u ca tu thuyn khai thc hi sn. Nhiu cng c c u t xy dng cu cng v
k b. Tng chiu di cu cng c gn 1.200 m. Theo thng k, tng sn lng hi sn
thng qua cc cng c, bn c l 1.923.700 tn/nm. Trong , sn lng hi sn thng
qua cc cng c l 1.619.200 tn/nm, sn lng hi sn thng qua cc bn c 304.500
tn/nm. Cc cng c c lng hi sn qua cng ln nh cng c Tc Cu (Kin Giang)
13.700 tn/thng, Ct L (Vng Tu) 12.000 tn/thng, Tn Phc (Vng Tu) 7.500
tn/thng, M Tho (Tin Giang) 4.500 tn/thng, Gnh Ho (Bc Liu) 4.500 tn/thng.
- C kh ng sa tu thuyn: Hin nay c nc c khong 702 c s c kh ng,
sa tu c, vi nng lc ng mi 4.000 chic/nm. Tuy nhin, c rt t c s c th ng
v lp c my cho cc loi tu thuyn v g v v st trn 600 cv. Nng lc ng mi
tu v st rt hn ch, ch tp trung mt vi c s nh x nghip c kh H Long, c kh
Nh B, c kh Vt Cch. Do cha sn xut c cc loi my thu cng sut ln nn mc
d c nng lc sa cha 8.000 chic/nm, nhng vic sa cha ch yu thc hin bng
cch thay th ph tng. Gn y mt s c s thit k v ng c tu bng vt liu
Composite t 600 cv tr xung, nhng nhn chung cc loi tu ny cn rt him khch
hng v khng ph hp vi yu cu bo v mi trng sinh thi.
Cc c s ng v sa tu thuyn ngh c c phn b nh sau: Vng bin Min
Bc c 7 c s ; Bc Trung B c 145 c s ; Nam Trung B c 385 c s ; ng Nam
B c 95 c s ; Ty Nam B c 70 c s.
Nhn chung cc c s c kh ng sa tu thuyn ngh c vn trong tnh trng manh
mn, sn xut phn tn, t vn, thit k theo kinh nghim dn gian, trnh th cng lc
hu. Hng chc nm qua c kh ngh c b lng qun, khng c cc c quan qun l
t Trung ng n a phng quan tm ch o, khng c ch u t pht trin.
Hon ton khng c s kt ni gia cc ngnh cng nghip c kh, luyn kim, in t,
cng nghip ph trvi c kh ng sa tu c. Hn 99% tu c Vit nam vn l tu v
g, thit k dn gian, khng gn kt vi cc cng ngh bo qun sau thu hoch, cha tip
cn c vi cc cng ngh, cc thit b tin hc, vin thngtnh trng lc hu v tip tc
tt hu l thc t hin hin.
Khng th c ngh c cng nghip ha-hin i ha, nu khng c c kh ngh c
lm nn tng !
24
- V sn xut v cung ng dch v hu cn ngh c: Theo thng k, hin c nc

c khong 643 kho lnh sn phm thy sn vi tng sc cha khong 78.700 tn v 14
kho cho thu vi sc cha 46.000 tn. C khong 120 nh my sn xut nc , kh
nng cung cp nc 2.730 tn/ngy, m bo nhu cu nc ca cc tu v cc
nh my ch bin.
C nc c 10 c s gia cng sn xut li si. Cc c s ny mi nm sn xut trn
10.000 tn li si. Nhn chung nng lc, trnh sn xut ng li c trong ngh c
cha p ng c nhu cu sn xut, nhiu loi ng c phi nhp khu..
2.3. Hin trng pht trin NTTS
Theo kt qu thng k cc tnh/thnh ph nm 2010 c nc c trn 1 triu ha mt
nc NTTS, tng 45% so vi nm 2001, bnh qun giai on 2001-2010 tng 4,2%/nm
Trong , vng BSH chim 11,64%, vng TDMNPB chim 4,07%, vng BTB&DHMT
chim 7,35%, vng Ty Nguyn chim 1,75%, vng NB chim 4,99%, v vng BSCL
chim 70,19% .
V tng trng din tch: vng Ty Nguyn c tc tng trng cao nht t
14,4%/nm; k tip vng TDMNPB t mc tng trng 8,8%/nm; cc vng cn li c
mc tng trng bnh qun t 3,9-4,5%/nm.
Bng 9. Din tch NTTS ton quc giai on 2001-2010
vt: Ha
1
2
BSH
TDMNPB
85.600
20.900
97.900
22.400
107.800
31.100
117.200
36.200
121.200
37.900
124.900
40.000
TTBQ
%/nm
127.571 4,5%
44.640 8,8%
3
4
BTB&DHMT
Ty nguyn
54.800
5.700
66.200
6.200
73.600
8.300
78.900
9.300
77.900
10.700
79.600
11.100
80.529 4,4%
19.150 14,4%
5
6
NB
BSCL
41.500
546.800
47.400
621.300
51.800
679.900
53.400
723.800
52.700
752.206
51.500
737.600
TT
Vng
Tng cng
2001
755.300
2003
861.400
2005
2007
2008
2009
952.500
2010
54.680
769.048
1.018.800 1.052.606 1.044.700 1.095.618
3,1%
3,9%
4,2%
(Ngun: Tng cc Thng k, S NN&PTNT cc tnh nm 2011)
V sn lng NTTS, tnh n nm 2010 c nc t 2,74 triu tn thy sn cc loi,

tng 286,3% so vi nm 2001. Trong , vng BSH chim 14,3%, vng TDMNPB
chim 2,88%, vng BTB&DHMT chim 7,36%, vng Ty Nguyn chim 0,69%, vng
NB chim 3,83%, v vng BSCL chim 70,94% tng sn lng NTTS ton quc.
V tc tng trng sn lng thy sn: ton quc tng bnh qun 16,2%/nm
(2001-2010); trong vng BSCL c mc tng trng v sn lng cao nht t
17,8%/nm; cc vng cn li dao ng mc 9,8-15,9%/nm.
25
Bng 10. Sn lng NTTS ton quc giai on 2001-2010

vt: Tn
2001
2003
DBSH
TDMNPB
BYB&DHMT
Ty nguyn
NB
BSCL
131.950
20.953
59.323
8.012
45.259
444.394
180.666
234.267
29.487
37.005
84.810
114.422
10.958
11.344
62.376
78.138
634.798 1.002.805
304.200
363.384
392.277
48.849
55.374
78.913
141.245
174.238
201.961
13.017
16.122
18.864
89.412
91.308
104.943
1.526.557 1.869.484 1.945.930
TTBQ
(%/nm)
12,9%
15,9%
14,6%
10,0%
9,8%
17,8%
Tng cng
709.891 1.003.095 1.477.981
2.123.280 2.569.910 2.742.888
16,2%
TT
Vng
1
2
3
4
5
6
2005
2007
2009
2010
Ngun: Tng cc Thng k, S NN & PTNT cc tnh 2011

2.3.1. Nui trng thy sn vng nc mn l
Nm 2010 c nc c tng din tch mt nc NTTS mn l khong 705,5 nghn
ha, trong vng BSH chim 5,37%, vng BTB&DHMT chim 4,15%, vng NB
chim 2,39%, cn li tp trung ch yu vng BSCL chim 80,09% tng din tch mt
nc NTTS mn, l ton quc.
T trng din tch NTTS cc i tng chnh trn vng nc mn l nh sau: nui
tm s 87,78%, tm chn trng 3,13%, c bin 0,54%, nhuyn th 3,38%, rong bin
0,56%, hi sn khc 4,62%.
Bng 11. Din tch mt nc mn, l NTTS theo i tng nm 2010
TT
Vng
Tm s
Tm
chn
trng
C
bin
Vng BSH
21.666
2.756
3.078
BTB&DHMT
10.630
12.674
398
3
4
NB
BSCL
Tng cng
10.537
579.285
622.118
7.018 3.220
3.402
vt: ha
Tng
din
tch
vng
37.920
1.389
3.462
29.293
Nhuyn Rong
th
bin
740
Hi
sn
khc
2.188
256
1.183
2.671 16.835
4.574
71
14.340
23.206 621.476
22.192 3.803
23.930 3.960 32.741 705.524
Ngun: S NN&PTNT cc tnh/thnh ph, 2011
Hin nay c nc t sn lng NTTS vng nc mn, l khong 691,5 nghn tn.
trong : vng BSH chim 15,98%, vng BTB&DHMT chim 17,65%, vng NB
chim 5,25%, vng BSCL chim 61,11% .
T trng sn lng NTTS vng nc mn l phn theo i tng : tm s chim
48,99%; tm chn trng 17,94%; c bin 1,19%; nhuyn th chim 19,48%; rong bin
chim 2,78%; hi sn khc chim 6,35%; nui lng b chim 3,26%.
26
Bng 12. Sn lng NTTS vng nc mn l theo i tng nm 2010

vt: Tn
Tng
Tm
C Nhuyn Rong Hi sn Lng
TT
Vng
Tm s
DT
CT
bin
th
bin
khc
b
vng
1 Vng BSH
5.840
7.847 6129 59.984 11.960 10.366 8.378 110.504
2 BTB&DHMT
9.482
78.140 1.029
13.657
7.296
3.639
8.836 122.079
3 NB
4 BSCL
Tng cng
15.330
8.680 820
6080
1435 3.992 36.337
308.821 29.648 298 55.290
28.527 1.400 422.584
339.473 12.4315 8.276 13.5011 19.256 43.967 22.606 691.504
V nng sut NTTS vng nc mn l : Vng BTB&DHMT c nng sut nui
t cao nht, bnh qun khong 2,9 tn/ha, tuy nhin vng ny b gii hn v din tch
nui. Vng BSH t 2,9 tn/ha; vng NB t 2,2 tn/ha; vng BSCL c li th v
din tch nui nhng nng sut t thp nht, bnh qun ch t 0,7 tn/ha.
Bng 13. Nng sut NTTS vng nc mn, l theo i tng nm 2010
vt: Tn/ha
Vng BSH
Tm
s
0,3
BTB&DHMT
0,9
6,2
2,6
9,8
3
4
NB
BSCL
NS
Trung
bnh
ton
quc
1,5
0,5
4,0
6,5
3,2
4,2
5,1
3,9
0,5
5,6
2,2
TT
Vng
Tm
CT
2,8
C
bin
2,0
Nhuyn
th
8,5
Rong
bin
3,7
Hi sn
khc
3,0
B/q nng
sut vng
2,9
9,9
1,1
4,1
0,5
1,2
2,2
0,7
5,6
4,9
1,3
1,0
2.3.2. Nui trng thy sn nc ngt

V din tch nui trng thy sn nc ngt hin nay c nc c trn 390 nghn ha,
trong vng BSH chim 22,98%, vng TDMNPB chim 11,44%, vng BTB&DHMT
chim 13,13%, vng Ty Nguyn chim 4,91%, vng NB chim 9,7%, v vng BSCL
chim 37,83% . T trng din tch phn theo i tng nui: nui c tra chim 2,22%, c
r phi 3,38%, tm cng xanh 3,35%, c truyn thng 91,04%. Trong cc i tng nui
nc ngt th c tra c li th v nng sut v th trng tiu th. y l mt trong nhng
mt hng xut khu ch lc ca ngnh thy sn.
27
Bng 14. Din tch NTTS nc ngt theo i tng nm 2010

vt: Ha
C r Tm cng C truyn
Thy sn Tng DT
TT
Vng
C tra
phi
xanh
thng
khc
vng
1 Vng BSH
5.105
596
79.984
3.966
89.651
2 TDMNPB
449
65
44.081
45
44.640
3 BTB&DHMT
1.480
0
45.163
4.593
51.236
4 Ty nguyn
0
28
19.002
120
19.150
5 NB
40
1.165
63
2.300
34.277
37.845
6 BSCL
5.394
63
7.437
31.970
102.708 147.572
Tng cng
5.434
8.262
8.189
222.500
145.709 390.094
Kt qu thng k cho thy, nm 2010 ton quc t sn lng nui nc ngt
khong trn 2 triu tn, trong vng BSH chim 13,73%, vng TDMNPB chim
3,85%, vng BTB&DHMT chim 3,89%, vng Ty Nguyn chim 0,92%, vng NB
chim 3,34%, v vng BSCL chim 74,27% . Trong tng sn lng NTTS nc ngt,
sn lng c tra chim 51,73%, c r phi 2,04%, tm cng xanh 0,33%, c truyn thng
22,17%, thy sn khc chim 23,74%
Bng 15. Sn lng NTTS nc ngt theo i tng nm 2010
vt: Tn
Tm
Tng SL
C r
C truyn Thy sn Lng
Vng
C tra
cng
theo
TT
phi
thng
khc
b
xanh
vng
1 Vng BSH
27.780
818
242.966
9.959
250 281.523
2 TDMNPB
1.451
106
71.988
59 5.309
78.913
3 BTB&DHMT
7.096
0
63.491
8.711
584
79.882
4 Ty nguyn
0
41
18.611
208
4
18.864
5 NB
4.200 3.100
106
6.200
54.879
121
68.606
6 BSCL
1.034.056 1.528
5.455
41.639 402.544 36.724 1.523.346
Tng cng
1.038.256 40.955
6.526
444.895 47.6360 42.992 2.051.384
Trong cc i tng NTTS nc ngt, c tra t nng sut trung bnh cao nht
khong 191,1 tn/ha, c r phi 5 tn/ha, tm cng xanh 0,8 tn/ha, c truyn thng 2
tn/ha, thy sn khc 3,3 tn/ha.
28
Bng 16. Nng sut NTTS nc ngt nm 2010

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vng
Vng BSH
TDMNPB
BTB&DHMT
Ty nguyn
NB
BSCL
Trung bnh
C tra
105,0
191,7
191,1
vt: Tn/ha
C r Tm cng
C truyn Thy sn
phi
xanh
thng
khc
5,4
1,4
3,0
2,5
3,2
1,6
1,6
1,3
5,8
1,4
2,9
1,5
1,0
2,7
2,7
1,7
2,7
1,6
24,3
0,7
1,3
3,9
5,0
0,8
2,0
3,3
2.3.3. T chc sn xut trong NTTS

Kinh t h gia nh tip tc pht trin v ng gp quan trng trong pht trin NTTS.
Tuy nhin, quy m sn xut h (lao ng, t ai) nhn chung khng ln, bnh qun 1 h c
2,6 lao ng. n nay c trn 476 nghn h kinh doanh c th, tng hn 11 ln so vi
nm 1996 v hn 2 ln so vi nm 2000;
Tng s HTX nui trng thy sn c nc c 236 HTX, trong thnh lp mi 180
HTX v chuyn i 56 HTX. Din tch mt nc nui trng thy sn do HTX qun l hn
45 nghn hc ta, bnh qun mi HTX qun l 192 ha.
V s lng x vin: di 10 x vin c 23 HTX, t 10 - 50 x vin c 151 HTX, t
51 - 100 x vin c 18 HTX v trn 100 x vin c 44 HTX.Bnh qun lao ng trong mt
HTX l 19,1 ngi. Kinh t hp tc trong hot ng thy sn c s chuyn bin tch cc.
V t i hp tc, n nay c gn 1.100 THT vi khong trn 80 ngn lao ng, tng
hn 5,7 ln so vi nm 1996 v tng hn 1,8 ln so vi nm 2000. n nay c khong 600
HTX ngh c hot ng c hiu qu vi s lao ng khong 25 nghn ngi, tp trung ch yu
l HTX nui trng thy sn v dch v thy sn. Giai on 2001 - 2006, do nhu cu cung ng
dch v thc y sn xut nn s HTX thy sn mi thnh lp tng hn 3 ln so vi cc hp tc
x chuyn i.
Kinh t trang tri tip tc pht trin v ngy cng ng vai tr quan trng trong sn
xut nng, lm nghip v thy sn. Kinh t trang tri c xu hng tng v s lng. Trang
tri tp trung ch yu vo hot ng nui trng thy sn v kinh doanh tng hp. Nm
2001, c nc c trn 17 nghn trang tri thy sn, nm 2006 tng ln trn 33 nghn
trang tri (tng gn 2 ln). Nm 2009 c 33.711 trang tri, trong : 4.725 trang tri nui
c (14,02%), 27.807 trang tri nui tm (82,49%), v trang tri nui cc i tng khc l
1.179 (3,49%). Din tch t trang tri NTTS l 102 nghn hc ta. Quy m trang tri di 1
ha c 5.874 trang tri; t 1-3 ha c 13.828 trang tri; t 3-5 ha c 9.695 trang tri; t 5-10ha
c 3.365 trang tri v trn 10ha c 949 trang tri. Nm 2010, tng s trang tri NTTS ca c
nc tng ln 37.142 trang tri, trong BSCL c s lng trang tri chim nhiu nht
vi 26.894 trang tri.
29
2.3.4. C s h tng,hu cn dch v cho NTTS

a) Sn xut ging:
a1- Hin trng sn xut ging thy sn nc ngt: Nm 2010 c nc c 1.106 tri,
sn xut c 14,078 t con ging cc loi.
Trong , c 172 tri sn xut c tra bt v 5.775 h ng ging vi din tch 2.549
ha; sn xut c 1.896 triu con, trong khi nhu cu ging nui l 1,6-1,8 t con. Tuy
nhin, cht lng ging cn thp, cha p ng c yu cu, th hin qua t l sng ca
c bt ln c hng ch t 20 - 30%, t c hng ln c ging ch t 15 -20%, c nui
tht hao ht khong 25 - 30%.
Tri sn xut ging c r phi: c nc c trn 1000 tri cung cp khong trn 100
triu c ging cung cp cho nhu cu ca ngi nui trn c nc;
V sn xut ging tm cng xanh: hin c nc c 52 tri cho sn lng c ging
khong 252 triu P 15. Ging sn xut ti cc tnh pha Nam c cht lng tt, nui nhanh
ln, kch c thng phm ln.
V sn xut ging c truyn thng cc loi: hin nay c nc c khong c 416 tri
c ging nc ngt truyn thng vi nng lc sn xut trn 20 t c bt mi nm.
a2- Hin trng sn xut ging thy sn nc mn, l:
V sn xut ging tm : nm 2009 c nc c 453 tri sn xut ging tm th chn
trng sn xut c 11.945,6 triu con (s lng c kim dch, thc t khong 20 t
ging PL). n nm 2010 s tri tm chn trng c nc gim cn 316 tri nhng sn
lng t 13.957 triu con (s lng c kim dch, thc t sn xut khong 25 t ging
PL). Vng Nam Trung B c s tri ging v sn lng tm th chn trng ln nht c
nc, n nm 2009 s tri tm chn trng vng ny l 290 tri, sn lng tm ging t
12.245 triu con tr thnh vng sn xut ging tm th chn trng ln nht. Tuy nhin sn
xut ging tm th hin nay ch yu do cc doanh nghip nc ngoi chim lnh th
trng nh Cng ty CP, Cng ty UP, Cng ty Vit c,
V sn xut cung ng ging nhuyn th cc loi: theo thng k s tri sn xut
ging tng t 136 tri nm 2006 ln 180 tri nm 2010. Sn lng ging nhuyn th cng
tng t 2.046 triu con nm 2006 ln 3.788 triu con nm 2010. S tri ging v sn lng
ging nhuyn th lun cao nht vng Bc Trung b v duyn hi min Trung.
Nhn chung cc tri sn xut ging trong nc bc u p ng c nhu cu ca
ngi nui. Tuy nhin cht lng con ging cn thp, thiu cc quy hoch chi tit, nn
vic sn xut ging vn t pht , thiu kim tra, gim st ca c quan qun l, cc quy
nh v tiu chun, quy chun
b) V c s h tng thy li phc v NTTS: h thng thy li cho nui trng thy sn
vn ph thuc nhiu vo h thng thy li ca nng nghip. Thy li mi ch ch trng
gii quyt cc vn nc cho lnh vc nng nghip, cha ch trng theo hng nc
c u tin cho NTTS trc, sau mi n h thng nc phc v sn xut nng
nghip. V vy tnh trng nhim mi trng ngun nc t vic dng cc loi ha cht
trong trng trt nh hng khng nh n mi trng nc NTTS, mi trng thy
sinh v ngun li thy sn.
c) V sn xut, cung ng thc n, ch phm sinh hc v thuc th y thy sn
Hin nay c nc c khong 110 nh my sn xut thc n phc v NTTS. Tng
sn lng thc n sn xut trong nc phc v cho nui trng thy sn t gn 1,4 triu
30
tn. Do thiu kinh nghim cc c quan qun l nh nc chm nhn thy tm quan
trng v khon li nhun rt ln t sn xut thc n phc v NTTS, nn hng chc nm
qua b ng ngnh cng nghip ch bin thc n, sn xut cc loi ha cht, ch phm
sinh hc v thuc th y thy sn. Trong nghin cu khoa hc thiu nghim trng cc
nghin cu v dinh dng hc trong NTTS, v vy trn 80% lng thc n NTTS hin
nay l t nh u t nc ngoi sn xut v cung cp trn th trng Vit Nam. Chng ta
thua, nh mt mt th trng ln, tut khi tm tay mt lng tin- mt
khon li nhun khng l ngay trn t nc mnh. Tng t, cc sn phm thuc th y s
dng trong nui thy sn u phi nhp t bn ngoi, tc ng, hn ch s pht
trin NTTS trong thi gian va qua.
2.4. Thc trng pht trin CBTS
2.4.1. Hin trng c s CBXKTS
Theo thng k, hin nay (2011) c nc c 564 c s CBTSXK hoc lm v tinh
cho doanh nghip xut khu, trong c 91 c s thuc DNNN, 159 c s thuc cng ty
c phn, 292 c s thuc DNTN, 9 c s lin doanh v 13 c s thuc cng ty 100% vn
nc ngoi. Trong s 564 c s, c 429 c s ch bin ng lnh, 104 c s ch bin hng
kh, 17 c s ch bin hp, 12 c s ch bin nc mm, 2 c s ch bin bnh phng
tm.
S DN v cng sut cp ng ca cc c s CBTS tng nhanh trong giai on
2002-2010. Nm 2010 c 429 c s CBTS ng lnh vi cng sut cp ng 7.870
tn/ngy m (nm 2002 ch c 3.147 tn/ngy m), s DN tng bnh qun 10,7%/nm
v cng sut cp ng tng 12,3%/nm. iu ny chng t quy m c s CBTS ng lnh
ngy mt ln hn. S gia tng ny l iu kin cn thit bo m cho ngnh cng nghip
ch bin p ng yu cu gia tng sn lng thy sn XK. Cng vi tng v s lng
v quy m c s CBTS, trnh cng ngh CBTS cng c bc thay i r rt, c th
hin qua tc tng bnh qun s lng t ng IQF l 14,1%/nm, t ng gi l
10%/nm, t ng tip xc tng 4,3%/nm.
Mc d chim t trng nh trong sn lng v gi tr thy sn xut khu, nhng s
DN CBTS kh cng c s gia tng ng k trong thi gian qua, t 62 DN nm 2002 tng
ln n 104 DN nm 2010, tc tng bnh qun 7,7%/nm, vi nng lc sn xut hng
kh c th t 70.000 - 80.000 tn/nm.
Cc c s CBTSXK phn b tp trung ch yu mt s tnh, thnh ph vng
BTB&DHMT, ng Nam B v BSCL, ni c li th v ngun nguyn liu t khai
thc, NTTS cho sn lng ln v n nh.
31
Bng 17. Cc c s ch bin thy sn xut khu

Loi hnh
1. Loi hnh doanh nghip
Doanh nghip nh nc
Cng ty c phn
Doanh nghip t nhn
Doanh nghip lin doanh
Doanh nghip 100% nc ngoi
2. Loi sn phm ch bin
ng lnh
Hng kh
hp
Nc mm
Bnh phng tm
Tng s c s CBXK
BSH
BTB&DHMT
NB
BSCL
Tng
6
9
3
4
0
33
30
71
0
3
30
47
114
4
4
22
73
104
1
6
91
159
292
9
13
20
93
131
188
429
1
41
54
5
104
1
3
5
8
17
0
0
9
3
12
0
0
0
2
2
22
137
199
206
564
Ngun: NAFIQAD, 2008 v tng hp ca Vin KT & QHTS, 2011
2.4.2. V cng ngh v trang thit b CBTSXK

Theo thng k ca NAFIQAD nm 2010 c nc c 429 c s CBTS ng lnh
vi tng cng sut cp ng khong 7.870 tn/ngy, trong s c s t QCVN 02 l
199 c s, s c s c Code ca EU l 289 c s. C 104 c s ch bin kh thy sn cc
loi, trong s c s ch bin thy sn kh t QCVN 02 l 54 c s, v 5 c s c
Code ca EU. y l c s vt cht, l iu kin rt tt ca ngnh cng nghip CBTS
pht trin v chim lnh th trng thy sn th gii trong thi gian qua v sp ti.
Bng 18. Nng lc thit b cng ngh trong cc nh my CBTS
TT
Ch tiu
I
1.1
1.2
1.3
Ch bin thy sn ng lnh

S c s CBTS
Tng CS thit b cp ng,tn/ngy
S thit b cp ng, chic
T ng tip xc, chic
T ng gi, chic
T ng IQF , chic
1.4
S c s t QCVN 02
2002
211
3.150
836
517
193
126
60
S c s c code EU
II
2.1
2.2
2.3
Nm
2007
320
4.262
1.318
681
355
282
82
62
Ch bin thy sn kh
S c s
S c s t QCVN 02
S c s c code EU
62
7
2
2010
TTBQ
(%/nm)
429
7.870
1.378
694
376
317
10,7%
12,3%
7,4%
4,3%
10,0%
14,1%
199
235
70
39
3
18,7%
284
104
54
5
24,3%
7,7%
33,9%
14,0%
Ngun: NAFIQAD, Vin Nghin cu Hi sn, kt qu kho st ca Vin KT&QHTS 2011.

V thit b cp ng: ti cc c s CBTS ton quc c 1.378 thit b cp ng.
Trong , cp ng dng CF c 694 chic, AB c 367 chic, IQF c 317 chic.
32
Cng sut s dng thit b: vng BSCL c mc s dng cng xut thc t cao nht
khong 71,2%, NB khong 79,7%, BTB&DHMT khong 58,7%, v vng BSH
khong 25,7%. Vic s dng cng sut ch bit thc t tng t Bc vo Nam theo s gia
tng sn lng ca cc vng nguyn liu. C th xu hng ny vn s tip tc din tra
trong giai on quy hoch t nay cho n 2020.
Bng 19. S lng v loi thit b cp ng nm 2011
Loi
TB
S lng
(chic)
CF
694
AB
367
IQF
317
Tng
1.378
CS TK, tn/ngy
CSTK tn/nm
SL ch bin, tn
Mc huy ng
CSTB, %
BSH
S
T l
lng
(%)
58
8,36
23
6,27
12
3,79
93
18,41
310
68.600
17.610
BTB&DHMT
S
T l
lng
(%)
202
29,11
128
34,88
81
25,55
411
29,83
900
197.300
115.850
NB
S
T l
lng
(%)
152
21,90
83
22,62
58
18,30
293
21,26
1.510
332.300
263.200
BSCL
S
T l
lng
(%)
282
40,63
133
36,24
166
52,37
581
42,16
5.150
1.134.000
808.000
25,7
58,7
79,7
71,2
Ngun: Vin Nghin cu Hi sn v kt qu kho st ca Vin KT&QHTS nm 2011.

2.4.3. V cng ngh bo qun sau thu hoch
Theo VASEP hin nay cng ngh bo qun sau thu hoch trong CBTS ch yu l
cng ngh bao gi sn phm trong iu kin thng v bao gi chn khng. Nay cng
ngh bao gi thay i mi trng khng kh (MAP-Modified Atmosphere Packaging) bn
trong bao gi ang c s dng ph bin trn th gii tng kh nng duy tr cht
lng sn phm. Cc nghin cu v cng ngh ch bin v bo qun sau thu hoch trong
thi gian qua gii quyt c mt phn nhng yu cu cp thit ca sn xut, mc
no gp phn gim tht thot sau thu hoch, to ra ngun nguyn liu c cht lng v
VSATTP tt hn cho ch bin xut khu, to ra mt s sn phm c kh nng ng dng
vo sn xut... Tuy nhin, nghin cu khoa hc trong lnh vc bo qun v CBTS vn cn
nhiu hn ch, s cng trnh nghin cu cn t, manh mn, tn mn, cha gn kt vi
doanh nghip ch bin, cha gii quyt c nhng vn kh khn cho doanh nghip,
nhiu ti nghin cu xong khng c p dng vo sn xut hoc nhiu ti v cng
ngh bo qun sau thu hoch cn chm hng dn cho ng dn, nng dn.
2.4.4. Hin trng CBTSXK
Theo thng k nm 2011 xut khu thy sn t 6,11 t USD tng 245% so vi nm
2001. Trong , tm ng t 2,39 t USD, c tra t 1,8 t USD, c ng t 0,379 t
USD, mc v bch tuc t 0,52 t USD, cn li l cc loi mt hng thy sn khc.
Bnh qun giai on 2001-2011 v sn lng xut khu tng khong 15,03%/nm, v
gi tr xut khu tng 13,16%, nh vy tc tng v sn lng xut khu vn cao hn tc
tng v gi tr, tng t nh giai on 1990-2000 (22,96% so vi 21,85%). Tuy nhin,
bin chch lch tng trng tc gia SLXK v GTXK thi k 2001-2011 cao hn
so vi thi k 1990-2000 (1,87% so vi 1,11%). Nhng s liu ny cho thy trong 10 nm
qua, s tng trng xut khu thy sn Vit Nam vn ch yu do tng v lng, cc mt
33
hng gia cng, ch bin th vn chim t trng ln hn rt nhiu so vi cc mt hng gi

tr gia tng. c bit mt hng c tra xut khu tng t bin trong khong thi gian ny
lm cho sn lng xut khu tng rt ln (trn 1 triu tn nguyn liu), nhng gi tr sn
phm xut khu khng cao (ch xp x 3 USD/kg). y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn
lm cho hiu qu XKTS thi k qua (2001-2011) km hn so 10 nm trc (19902000).
V th trng xut khu nm 2011, khi ASEAN chim 8,4% v sn lng v 15,7%
v gi tr, EU chim 28,1% v sn lng v 21,8% v gi tr, M chim 13% v sn lng
v 25,1% v gi tr, Nht chim 10,3% v sn lng v 16,4% v gi tr, Trung Quc v
Hng Kong chim 7,9% v sn lng v 7,5% v gi tr, cc nc khc chim 43,8% v
sn lng v 30% v gi tr xut khu thy sn ca Vit Nam.
Bng 20. C cu sn phm thu sn XK Vit Nam giai on 2001-2011
Tn sn phm
Tm L
Sn lng, 1.000 tn
Gi tr, 1.000 USD
Gi BQ USD/kg
C ti/L
Sn lng, 1.000 tn
Gi tr, 1.000 USD
Gi BQ USD/kg
Trong : C da trn
Sn lng, 1.000 tn
Gi tr, 1.000 USD
Gi BQ USD/kg
C Ng
Sn lng, 1.000 tn
Gi tr, 1.000 USD
Gi BQ USD/kg
Mc v bch tuc L
Sn lng, 1.000 tn
Gi tr, 1.000 USD
Gi BQ USD/kg
Hi sn khc L
Sn lng, 1.000 tn
Gi tr, 1.000 USD
Gi BQ USD/kg
Hng kh
Sn lng, 1.000 tn
Gi tr, 1.000 USD
Gi BQ USD/kg
Tng cng
Sn lng, 1.000 tn
2001
87,26
780.218
8,94
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
204,33
244,53
159,19
191,55
209,57
1.371.556 1.625.707 1.675.142 1.853.854 2.396.095
8,62
8,49
7,99
9,07
9,80
88,57
280.541
3,17
274,73
687.659
2,50
971,20
1.124,31
818,44
795,61
2.024.551 1.869.496 2.326.187 2.916.959
2,47
2,35
2,40
2,59
1,74
5.051
2,90
140,71
328.153
2,33
659,40
772,30
640,83
607,67
1.453.098 1.342.917 1.427.494 1.805.658
2,27
2,21
2,16
2,34
14,48
58.593
4,05
29,76
81.199
2,73
52,82
188.694
3,57
55,81
180.906
3,24
41,65
115.892
2,78
61,94
182.253
2,94
86,7
318.235
3,67
77,31
274.368
3,55
123,73
404.011
3,27
95,21
367.178
3,86
99,9
362.381
3,63
90,03
268.557
2,98
34,28
196.825
5,74
35,91
130.354
3,63
39,74
178.544
4,49
43,6
163.751
3,76
375,49
626,99
1.236,34
1.216,11
34
TTBQ
20012011
10,85
11,87
0,92
28,93
26,38
-1,98
83,96
80,02
-2,14
83,87
96,91
20,94
293.119
379.364
20,54
3,50
3,91
-0,33
79,86
117,75
10,95
326.739
520.297
16,20
4,09
4,42
4,73
52,62
11,87
-20,90
364.825
190.250
-7,25
6,93
16,03
17,25
45,15
24,32
-3,37
162.121
94.303
-7,09
3,59
3,88
-3,85
1.353,16
1.522,78
15,03
Tn sn phm
2001
Gi tr, 1.000 USD

Gi BQ USD/kg
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.777.486 2.739.000 4.509.418 4.251.313 5.033.726 6.117.904

4,73
4,37
3,65
3,50
3,72
4,02
TTBQ
20012011
13,16
-1,63
Ngun: VASEP qua cc nm giai on 2001-2011

2.4.5. Hin trng CBTSN
Nm 2011 tng sn lng CBTSN t khong 658,2 nghn tn sn phm cc loi,
tng 137,3% so vi nm 2001. Trong , sn lng nc mm chim 35,11%, mn cc
loi chim 2,96%, c kh chim 7,51%, tm kh chim 0,62%, mc kh chim 1,04%, bt
c chim 24,43%, hp chim 0,31%, thy sn ng lnh chim 28,02% V gi tr
CBN nm 2011 t khong 11.947 t ng, tng 293,6% so vi nm 2001. Trong , gi
tr sn xut nc mm chim 21,49%, mm cc loi chim 5,7%, c kh chim 9%, tm
kh chim 4,93%, mc kh 10,12%, bt c chim 12,82%, hp chim 1,19%, thy sn
ng lnh chim 34,75% tng gi tr CBN.
Bng 21. Sn phm thu sn ch bin tiu th ni a ton quc qua cc nm
Ch tiu
VT
Nc mm: SL
Gi tr
Mm cc loi: SL
Gi tr
C kh:SL
Gi tr
Tm kh:SL
Gi tr
Mc kh:SL
Gi tr
Bt c: SL
Gi tr
hp: SL
Gi tr
Thu sn L: SL
Gi tr
Tng SL
Tng GT
1.000 lit
Tr.
Tn
Tr.
Tn
Tr.
Tn
Tr.
Tn
Tr.
Tn
Tr.
Tn
Tr.
Tn
Tr.
Tn
Tr.
2001
139.130
755.600
11.410
213.030
31.390
373.600
2.370
188.830
1.740
170.160
54.720
251.980
890
39.900
35.760
427.160
277.390
2.420.270
2005
2009
2010
2011
TTBQ
(%/nm)
186.170
1.508.240
16.750
441.330
48.150
777.730
3.010
334.450
3.810
457.360
122.300
791.130
1.630
94.600
73.390
.223.280
455.200
5.628.120
227.430
2.470.880
19.720
656.160
48.710
1.039.420
3.980
564.480
6.510
1.130.970
155.270
1.448.610
234.860
2.666.250
19.300
705.850
50.190
1.112.730
4.160
613.830
7.160
1.289.370
166.380
1.616.630
2.030
141.990
192.180
4.389.480
676.260
12.536.130
231.145
2.568.565
19.510
681.005
49.450
1.076.075
4.070
589.155
6.835
1.210.170
160.825
1.532.620
2.030
141.990
184.495
4.152.935
658.265
11.947.100
5,21
13,02
5,51
12,32
4,65
11,16
5,56
12,05
14,66
21,67
11,38
19,79
8,60
13,53
17,83
25,54
9,03
17,31
176.810
3.916.390
640.270
11.358.070
Ngun: Bo co s NN&PTNT cc tnh/thnh ph trn c nc nm 2011

2.5. nh gi chung v thc trng pht trin ngnh thy sn v tnh hnh thc hin
quy hoch trong giai on 2006-2010
2.5.1. nh gi chung v thc trng pht trin ngnh thy sn giai on 2001-2011
a) Nhng thnh tu t c.
Trong nhng nm qua sn xut thy sn t c nhng thnh tu ng k, tng
mnh c v sn lng v gi tr. Nm 2011, tng sn lng thy sn t trn 5,2 triu
tn (tng gp 2,1 ln so vi nm 2001, bnh qun tng 8,82%/nm); sn lng NTTS t 3
35
triu tn (tng gp 4 ln so vi nm 2001, bnh qun tng 17,37%/nm); sn lng KTTS

t trn 2,2 triu tn (tng gp 1,27 ln so vi nm 2001, bnh qun tng
2,74%/nm,). Hng thy sn Vit Nam c mt trn 164 quc gia v vng lnh th
trn th gii, kim ngch xut khu nm 2011 t 6,11 t USD (tng gp 2,4 ln so nm
2001, bnh qun tng 13,16%/nm).
C th ni giai on 2001-2011 ngnh thy sn t tc tng trng cao trn tt
c cc lnh vc KTTS, NTTS, CBTS, xut khu thy sn. Tuy nhin cht lng tng
trng cn mc thp. C th, trong 100% phn tng ln ca tng sn lng KTTS c
n 100% l do yu t tng s lng tu thuyn to ra, trong 100% phn tng ln ca tng
sn lng NTTS c n 70% l do tng nng sut, cn li 30% l do tng din tch, trong
100% phn tng ln ca tng gi tr XKTS c n trn 80% l do tng sn lng to ra,
cn li di 20% l do yu t tng gi. Nguyn nhn chnh dn n tnh trng trn l:
Ngh c cho n nay vn cha thot khi hnh bng ca mt ngh c th cng,
trnh sn xut nh, qui m h gia nh, pht trin t pht theo c ch th trng.
Ngnh thy sn vn l mt ngnh khai thc ti nguyn t nhin theo kiu tn thu, trc
sc p ca cc vn kinh t x hi ca mt nc ngho, chm pht trin: s gia tng
dn s nhanh, thiu vic lm, i ngho v s khc lit trong kim tm k mu sinh ca
cc cng ng dn c ven bin. Bn cnh , trong nhiu nm qua Thy sn ly xut khu
lm mi nhn, to ngun nhp khu thit b cng nghip ha lnh vc ch bin thy
sn. Cn i vi cc lnh vc sn xut nguyn liu, vic y mnh xut khu ch kch thch
tnh t pht s gia tng pht trin theo chiu rng, tng sn lng ln hn tng cht
lng. Do thiu cc c ch, chnh sch, thiu tm nhn xa, cc thnh qu t xut khu
thy sn khng c tc ng tch cc ti pht trin cng nghip, pht trin c kh ngh
c. V th, trong lnh vc sn xut nguyn liu, ngh c vn cha thot khi tnh trng lc
hu ca mt ngh c th cng, cc lnh vc c kh thy sn, khai thc hi sn,cng nghip
sn xut thc n, ch phm sinh hc trong NTTS...u b tt hu.
Cho n nay, ngnh thy sn vn rt lng tng trong chin lc pht trin theo
chiu su, chin lc pht trin khoa hc cng ngh, pht trin ngun nhn lc, chin lc
pht trin c kh thy sn, pht trin khai thc xa b...v vy cht lng tng trng vn
mc thp vn tim n nguy c pht trin thiu bn vng. y l thc trng rt cn nhng
gii php, nhng quyt sch trong qu trnh CNH-HH ngh c.
Mt nguyn nhn khc tc ng ti tng trng thy sn thi k qua l cc cuc
khng hong kinh t khu vc v ton cu. Do nh hng t khng hong, nhu cu tiu th
cc mt hng thy sn gim hu khp cc th trng; ngun vn trong v ngoi nc
u b hn ch. Thng k ca VASEP cho thy, hin nay c khong 70% doanh nghip
CBTS c nguy c ph sn hoc lm n km hiu qu do thiu vn, iu ny tc ng
mnh, ngc tr li lnh vc sn xut nguyn liu thy sn nh hng chung n tng
trng v cht lng tng trng ton ngnh.
b) Nhng kh khn tn ti v nguyn nhn
b.1- Trong KTTS :
+ S gia tng qu nhanh v khng c kim sot cc loi tu thuyn ven b lm
cho ngun li thy sn ng trc nguy c suy gim nghim trng. Nguyn nhn chnh
dn n tnh trng ny l tnh trng yu km trong qun l nh nc. Ngnh thy sn thiu
cc quy hoch chi tit, thiu cc nh gi thng nin v ng trng v ngun li, v vy
36
thiu c s khoa hc cho quy hoch pht trin cc i tu, cc ngh khai thc ph hp vi
tng vng bin, tng a phng trn c nc. Cng tc thng k ca ngnh cng cn qu
nhiu bt cp. Cha c phng php thng k s liu tu thuyn chnh xc.Sau khi c
Quyt nh 189/Q-TTg s tu thuyn c thng k li
+ Ngun li thy sn b suy gim nghim trng trc tnh trng khai thc qu mc
v khai thc tri php thng xuyn xy ra. Nguyn nhn chnh dn n tnh trng ny l
cng tc thanh tra, kim tra, gim st cn yu, thiu lc lng, thiu kinh ph, thiu
phng tin hot ng.
+ Chi ph u vo cho KTHS khng ngng tng qu cao, trong khi gi sn phm
khng tng hoc tng khng tng ng, v vy tu thuyn ca ng dn phi nm b rt
nhiu. Nguyn nhn chnh dn n tnh trng ny l do bin ng bt n ca th trng,
gi xng, du th gii tng cao, bt buc gi xng du trong nc phi tng theo.
+ Cng tc t chc sn xut, thng mi cn qu nhiu bt cp. Trn 90% sn
phm do t thng qun l c u vo v u ra. Ngun vn u t cho ng dn i khai
thc tng chuyn bin ch yu cng do t thng cung cp. V vy ng dn khng thc
quyn ch ng trong sn xut, khng c bnh ng trong n chia, phn phi sn phm,
thnh qu lao ng. Nguyn nhn chnh dn n tnh trng ny ch yu l do ng dn
ngho, thiu vn; c ch chnh sch tn dng hin hnh khng h tr ng dn tip cn
c ngun vn tn dng ca cc ngn hng. Cc mi quan h ng dn-doanh nghipngn hng khng c xc lp; t chc HTX cn yu km; vai tr cc doanh nghip cng
ch cn m nht.+ Sn lng KTTS c gi thp vn cn chim t trng kh cao, trn 55%
l c tp cc loi, ch c th s dng trong ch bin thc n chn nui v tiu dng ni
a. Nguyn nhn chnh dn n tnh trng ny ch yu l do c cu cc i tu hin nay,
ch yu vn l cc tu li ko; mt khc ng dn thiu cc thng tin v th trng, cn
cc doanh nghip CBTS trong nc v mc tiu li nhun, cha coi trng nghin cu, ch
bin cc loi sn phm ny.
+ Cng ngh bo qun sau thu hoch cn kh th s (ch yu bo qun bng nc
) v vy tn tht sau thu hoch chim t trng kh cao ( 20-25%) trong tng sn lng
KTTS, lm gim ng k hiu qu i bin ca ng dn. Nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng
ny ch yu do ng dn ngho, thiu vn u t. V pha nh nc cn rt thiu cc
nghin cu c bn v thiu cc chuyn giao cng ngh v bo qun sau thu hoch cho ng
dn.
+ Cng tc iu tra, nh gi v d bo ng trng ngun li cn nhiu hn ch,
thiu ng b, v vy cc s liu, c s khoa hc cho vic hoch nh chin lc, quy
hoch pht trin ngnh KTTS khng trnh khi cc kh khn.. Nguyn nhn chnh ca
tnh trng ny ch yu l do hn ch nhn thc ca cc c quan qun l, trong tnh trng
lun thiu kinh ph dnh cho nghin cu c bn v bin, thiu vn u t, u t khng
ng b. thiu thit b, phng tin, nhn lc cho cng tc iu tra nghin cu ngun li
thy sn.
+ C s dch v hu cn ngh c cn rt hn ch. Mu thun trong cc quy hoch
lin ngnh dn n nhiu cng c sau u t khng c s dng, dn ti lng ph ln. Do
c ch xin/cho trong u t v yu km trong t vn thit k, nhiu cng c, bn c va
xy dng xong, va i vo hot ng b bi lng hot ng km hiu qu, thm ch c
37
nhng cng c khng hot ng c phi b. Nguyn nhn chnh dn n tnh trng ny
l yu km trong cng tc quy hoch v qun l quy hoch pht trin cc cng c, bn c,
khu neo u trnh tr bo.
+ Cng tc qun l nh nc trong lnh vc khai thc v bo v ngun li thy sn
cn hn ch; h thng b my t chc t Trung ng n a phng cn nhiu bt cp.
b.2- Trong NTTS:
+ Din tch NTTS trn t lin khai thc ti mc gii hn cho php. Cc a
phng c tim nng, din tch mt nc pht trin NTTS u quy hoch a vo s
dng ht. NTTS pht trin theo phong tro.Cng tc quy hoch v qun l quy hoch cn
rt hn ch. Cc quy hoch c th, quy hoch chi tit thng i trc quy hoch tng th,
cht lng quy hoch khng cao.
+ Trong giai on 2001-2011 vn cha ch trng ng mc n quy hoch pht
trin theo chiu su (tng sn lng trn cng din tch mt nc NTTS ), vn tp trung
pht trin theo chiu rng (m rng din tch nui). Nguyn nhn chnh dn n tnh trng
ny l t duy sn xut nh, thiu nh hng, tm nhn , thiu chnh sch c th s dng
t, mt nc lu di, n nh, thiu vn u t, thiu nghin cu khoa hc dn ng,
thiu cc hng dn v nh gi sau quy hoch,thiu trao i, hc hi kinh nghim trong
v ngoi nc...
+ Cha thc hin c truy xut ngun gc sn phm thy sn. Vic mi ch c
trin khai th nghim cho mt s vng, cha trin khai trn ton quc v vy nh
hng n cng tc qun l cht lng, v sinh an ton thc phm, lm chm k hoch
xy dng thng hiu sn phm uy tn, nh hng kt qu kinh doanh ca ngnh cng
nghip CBTS. Nguyn nhn chnh l tnh trng manh mn ca din tch v s phn tn
ca cc vng NTTS, mt khc thi gian qua, ngnh mi ch ch trng u t cho mt s
i tng ch lc xut khu, cha th m rng i tr n cc i tng khc.
+ Vic s dng cc loi thuc, ha cht b cm trong NTTS vn xy ra. Nhiu l
hng thy sn xut khu ca Vit Nam b tr li do nhim ha cht cn tn d trong sn
phm, phn nhiu l cc d lng khng sinh Nguyn nhn chnh l thiu cc hng
dn c th, thiu cc bin php cnh bo cho ngi NTTS v nguy c ca vic sn xut
thiu an ton. Mt khc cng tc qun l nh nc v ha cht, thuc th y, v cht
lng, v sinh an ton thc phm cn chng cho, cn bt cp; cc ia phng cha thc
hin tt cng tc kim tra, gim st hot ng NTTS, kim tra, x l cc hot ng kinh
doanh, bun bn cc loi thuc, ha cht b cm.
+ Sn xut thc n, ch phm sinh hc, thuc th y thy sn b b ng. Trn
80% lng thc n phi nhp khu t nc ngoi hoc do cc doanh nghip 100% vn
nc ngoi sn xut. Ngi NTTS khng ch ng c trong sn xut mi khi c bin
ng ln v gi thc n (thc n chim trn 80% gi thnh sn phm). Li dn n tnh
trng ny ch yu thuc v cc c quan qun l nh nc.
+ V sn xut con ging v qun l cht lng con ging rt hn ch: cht lng
ging khng cao, cng tc kim tra, kim sot lng lo. Lng ging tri ni trn th
trng khng c kim sot rt ln, nh hng khng nh n NTTS , t l sng sau
th hoch t rt thp t 45-55% , c lc, c ni ch t 25-30%. Nguyn nhn chnh dn
38
n tnh trng ny l cng tc qun l nh nc cha tt, thiu cc quy chun, quy nh
c th, vic kim tra, kim sot cn n gin, thm ch c ni cn xy ra tiu cc.
+ C s h tng thy li vng nui cn nhiu bt cp.Cha c cc nghin cu khoa
hc v h thng thy li phc v NTTS, hu ht hin nay l nc phc v NTTS s dng
chung, cng h thng thy li phc v sn xut nng nghip, v vy nguy c v nhim
ngun nc v dch bnh t vic dng cc loi ha cht, thuc tr su, phn bn trong
nng nghip thi ra ngun nc.
b.3- Trong CBTS:
+ Cng tc d bo th trng tiu th trong v ngoi nc rt hn ch: Thi k qua
cc doanh nghip t xoay s trong c ch th trng, t tm u ra cho sn xut. Do
khng ch ng c th trng nhiu doanh nghip sn xut cm chng, khng th xy
dng c chin lc kinh doanh, chin lc sn phm. Nguyn nhn ca tnh trng ny
ch yu do thiu kin thc thng mi th trng, thiu vn u t, thiu cc chnh sch
h tr ng n, kp thi ca Nh nc v marketting v d bo th trng .Mt khc
cng tc thng k thy sn b bung lng sut thi gian di, khng c s quan tm u t
ca Nh nc, s liu u vo theo chui thi gian khng c, hoc chp v vi chui thi
gian qu ngn khng th lm c s d liu phn tch d bo chnh xc cho tng th trng
cng nh tng sn phm thy sn.
+ Tnh trng cnh trnh thiu lnh mnh: Ni b cng ng doanh nghip cn
nhiu vn thng xuyn xy ra.Ni cm thi gian qua l tnh trng mt s doanh
nghip dung tng cho vic bm chch tp cht vo nguyn liu thy sn ph gi th
trng. C mt s doanh nghip khc li dng chiu cho hng gi thp trn th trng
quc t nhm bn c hng, mc cho l s lm hi ln nhau trong ni b cng ng
doanh nghip Vit nam, dn n tnh trng km hm lnh vc sn xut nguyn liu trong
nc, c bit l sn phm tm v c tra, nhiu lc ngi nui phi treo ao v gi thu mua
qu thp khng b p chi ph sn xut. Nguyn nhn chnh ca tnh trng ny l thi
h, tt xu-tn d ca l thi sn xut nh cn hn su trong mt s doanh nhn, vn ha
kinh doanh hin i v s lin kt gia cc doanh nghiptrong cng hip hi ngnh ngh
cha tm nh hng hnh thnh nn mi trng cnh tranh lnh mnh.
+ Thiu phi hp quy hoch gia sn xut nguyn liu v nh my ch bin: Vic
t pht m rng din tch NTTS n u, nh my CBTS pht trin theo n , dn
n tnh trng thiu ngun nguyn liu, d tha cng sut sn xut. Theo thng k ca
VASEP, cc nh my CBTS c u t rt ln, trong khi cng sut thc t hot ng
ch t 50-70% ty thuc tng nh my. Nh vy, vic u t l khng c hiu qu. u
t ln, cc doanh nghip CBTS phi khu hao ti sn c nh ln, khng s dng ht
cng sut ng ngha vi vic nng cao gi thnh sn xut, gim kh nng cnh tranh
trn th trng. Nguyn nhn chnh ca tnh trng ny l cng tc quy hoch v qun l
quy hoch cn hn ch.
+ Cha xy dng tt quan h lin kt gia sn xut nguyn liu v ch bin sn
phm thy sn: Trong nhiu nm qua Chnh ph c nhng ch trng, chnh sch xy
dng cc mi quan h lin kt gia doanh nghip ch bin thy sn vi cc c s nui
trng thy sn, cc tu nh bt hi sn. Nhng do thi quen lm n nh l, manh mn,
tiu nng, nhn li ch nh trc mt, cha thy tm chin lc, li ch trong quan h lm
39
n chung thy,lu di, bn cht gia nhng ch m, ch tu vi cc doanh nghip, nn

cc hp ng lin kt thng b ph v trong thi gian qua lm cho khng t ch m,
ch tu, cng nh mt s doanh nghip b lao ao, vt v, thm ch mt s b ph sn.
2.5.2. nh gi chung v tnh hnh thc hin quy hoch trong giai on 2006-2010
Theo Quyt nh s 10/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt
quy hoch tng th ngnh thy sn giai on 2006-2010 v tm nhn 2015, n nm 2010
tc tng trng sn lng thy sn t 3,8%/nm, tc tng trng gi tr kim ngch
xut khu t 10,63%/nm, tng sn lng thy sn t 3,5-4,0 triu tn, sn lng nui
t 2 triu tn, sn lng khai thc bin t 1,5-1,8 triu tn, khai thc thy sn ni a t
0,2 triu tn, gi tr kim ngch xut khu t 4 t USD, gii quyt vic lm cho khong 4,7
triu lao ng.
Thc t qua 5 nm 2006-2010 ngnh thy sn t c nhng thnh tu ng
ghi nhn.
- V tc tng trng sn lng nm 2010 t 3,3%/nm bng 86,8% so vi mc
tiu quy hoch.
- V tc tng trng gi tr kim ngch xut khu vt ch tiu ra t bnh
qun 13,16%/nm.
- V tng sn lng thy sn tng 23,8% so vi ch tiu quy hoch.
- V sn lng NTTS tng 41,5% so vi ch tiu quy hoch, ch yu nh tng sn
lng nui mt s i tng ch lc, c bit l c c v tm chn th chn trng.
- V sn lng KTHS tng 6,7% so vi ch tiu quy hoch, ch yu tng do tng s
lng tu thuyn khai thc .
- V sn lng KTN t mc tiu 0,2 triu tn.
- Tng gi tr kim ngch xut khu tng 22,5% so vi mc tiu quy hoch (t 4,8
t USD), ch yu l tng sn lng v gi xut khu mt hng tm, c tra.
- gii quyt vic lm cho khong 4,5 triu lao ng, bng 95,74% ch tiu quy
hoch. Nguyn nhn l do sc ht lao ng ca cc ngnh cng nghip v dch v, xu
hng ng dn ri b khu vc thy sn sang lm vic cc lnh vc khc ang ngy mt
tng .
Mt s bi hc kinh nghim rt ra t quy hoch giai on 2006-2010.
Qu trnh xy dng v thc hin QHTT ngnh thy sn giai on 2006-2010 cho
thy quy hoch pht trin thy sn l cng vic kh, do thy sn l ngnh kinh t gn b,
ph thuc cht ch vi cc yu t, cc quy lut t nhin, li vn ng, pht trin theo nh
hng ca th trng, trong iu kin ca mt nc ngho, ng dn ngho vi nhiu tp
tc, thi quen ca nn sn xut nh, t duy manh mn, trnh th cng, c ch qun l
quan liu, bao cp. Trong khi , t yu cu cuc sng, thc t sn xut thy sn pht trin
vi tc rt nhanh, l mt trong cc ngnh kinh t c tc tng trng nhanh nht
trong thi gian qua, c bit trong lnh vc xut khu. Chnh v vy, thi gian qua, cng
tc quy hoch cn nhiu bt cp, khng theo kp v cha p ng nhu cu pht trin ca
thc tin. Sau khi QHTT ngnh c ph duyt, cc quy hoch theo cc vng, cc a
phng, cc i tng ch lc, quy hoch cc lnh vc sn xut KTHS, NTTS,
40
CBTS...chm c trin khai. Mt khc cng tcqun l thc hin quy hoch cn rt yu.
Hin tng quy hoch treo, quy hoch thiu cn c khoa hc vn xy ra nhiu ni; quy
hoch chi tit cc a phng thng tin hnh trc cc quy hoch pht trin tng th,
quy hoch vng. Cng tc gim st, nh gi thc hin quy hoch nhiu a phng
khng c thc hin, khng thng xuyn cp nht thng tin, khng ch iu chnh,
b sung quy hoch cho ph hp vi thc t sn xut.
QHTT ngnh thy sn n nm 2010 c ph duyt v thc hin trong bi cnh
chin lc pht trin ngnh cha c xy dng, dn n cc ch tiu pht trin quy
hoch cha st vi thc tin v cha th hin c tm nhn di hn .
Lin quan n vic thc hin quy hoch sau khi c duyt, chu trnh quy hoch
xc nh r 3 giai on, bao gm giai on chun b ( giai on tin quy hoch), giai on
quy hoch v giai on thc hin quy hoch. Tuy nhin, giai on th 3 ca qu trnh quy
hoch cn phi c s phi hp ca nhiu c quan chc nng trong qun l thc hin quy
hoch, cn c trung tm u mi, cn kinh ph t chc thc hin, nhng trong c ch
hin hnh, qui trnh ny thng b lng quyn, t c cc c quan qun l quan tm ng
mc.Vic p dng cc cng c v k thut hin i h tr cho qu trnh quy hoch nh
GIS, k thut v phn vng, xy dng bn s ha, tip cn tng hp trong quy
hoch, cng cha c thc hin hiu qu v nhiu l do nh thiu kinh ph, nng lc
ca i ng cn b lm cng tc xy dng v thc hin quy hoch cn hn ch, kh khn,
bt cp trong cp nht, b sung thng tin thng nin... Chnh v vy, cc kch bn/phng
n quy hoch c xy dng trong cc quy hoch cha mang tnh kh thi cao, cn thiu
cc c s khoa hc, cht lng ca nhiu quy hoch b hn ch, cha p ng vi yu cu
pht trin ca ngnh thy sn . Cng trong giai on ny, cc phng n quy hoch a
vo pht trin nui nhiu i tng c gi tr kinh t nh tm, c tra, nhuyn th 2 mnh
v nhng li lng tng trong xc nh i tng, chm c quyt sch i vi tm he
chn trng, cha nhn nhn ht tim nng, cha c iu tra c bnv mt s i tng mi
nh c nc lnh, hu i dng,tm hm, c ng, c cnh, y cng l hn ch ca
quy hoch theo Quyt nh s 10/2006/Q-TTg c xem nh mt bi hc kinh nghim
trong cng tc quy hoch pht trin ngnh.
Mt hn ch na trong quyt nh s 10/2006/Q-TTg ph duyt QHTT ngnh
khng cp n danh mc cc chng trnh v d n u tin u t lm c s cho vic
thc hin u t pht trin sau khi quy hoch c ph duyt, nhm t c cc ch tiu
pht trin. iu ny cng lm gim tnh kh thi ca vic thc hin quy hoch.
41
Bng 22. So snh mt s ch tiu ngnh thy sn giai on quy hoch 2006-2010
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ni dung
Tc tng sn lng thy sn
giai on 2005-2010
Tc tng gi tr kim ngch
xut khu
Tng sn lng thy sn
Sn lng nui trng
Sn lng khai thc hi sn
Sn lng khai thc ni a
Gi tr kim ngch
xut khu
Tng s lao ng ngh c
vt
Ch tiu
QH n
2010
TH n
2010
So
Snh(%)
%/nm
3,8
3,3
86,8
%/nm
10,63
24,7
232,4
1.000 tn
1.000 tn
1.000 tn
1.000 tn
3.500-4.000
2.000
1.500-1.800
200
4.950
2.830
1.920
200
123,8
141,5
106,7
100
1000 USD
4.000
4.900
122,5
1.000 ngi
4.700
4.500
95,74
Ngun:Quyt nh s 10/2006/Q-TTg v bo co tng kt ngnh thy sn nm 2010

ca Tngcc thy sn
42
PHN TH 3
D BO CC NHN T TC NG, NH HNG N
PHT TRIN THY SN
3.1. D bo nhu cu tiu th thy sn trong v ngoi nc
3.1.1. D bo cung-cu thy sn v kh nng cn i ngun nguyn liu trong nc
n nm 2020
Trong sut giai on 1990-2000 bnh qun lng cung thy sn trong nc tng
9,2%/nm. y l giai on c mc tng cao nht t trc n nay. Giai on 2001-2010
tc tng sn lng bnh qun gim xung cn 8,63%/nm, v d bo giai on 20112020 tc tng trng bnh qun gim xung cn 2,86%/nm. C th cc ch tiu d bo
lng cung thy sn n nm 2020 nh sau:
+ Tng sn lng thy sn s tng t 6,9 triu tn,
Trong :
- Sn lng thy sn khai thc t mc 2,4 triu tn (khai thc hi sn 2 triu tn,
ni a 0,2 triu tn v 0,2 triu tn hp tc khai thc thy sn nc bn).
-Sn lng NTTS khong 4,5 triu tn.
+ Tng sn lng phc v cho ch bin thy sn vo nm 2020 khong 6,08 triu
tn, trong :
- Ch bin xut khu khong 4,18 triu tn, cho gi tr khong 11 t USD;
- Ch bin ni a khong 1,9 triu tn, cho gi tr 22,79 nghn t ng.
Trong , sn lng trong nc c th p ng c 5,08 triu tn, v vy vn cn
thiu ht khong 1 triu tn, lng thiu ht ny s c nhp khu t cc nc trong v
ngoi khu vc ASEAN ch yu l tm, c nc lnh, mc, bch tuc...
Bng 23. D bo cung-cu nguyn liu trong nc n nm 2020
TT
Tng sn lng thy sn

Sn lng thy sn nui
Sn lng thy sn khai thc
II
1
2
III
1
2
Ch bin xut khu

Sn lng ch bin
Gi tr
Ch bin cho nhu cu ni a
Sn lng ch bin
Gi tr
I
1
vt
2010
2011
2015
2020
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
5.128
2.420
2.708
5.320
3.000
2.320
5.800
3.600
2.200
6.900
4.500
2.400
Nghn tn
Tr.USD
1.353
5.033
1.522
6.110
1.620
7.500
2.000
11.000
Nghn tn
T ng
685
12.980
728
13.788
810
17.510
950
22.790
Hng mc
Nghn tn
43
IV
1
2
V
1
2
3
VI
1
2
Tng nhu cu nguyn liu

Ch bin xut khu
Ch bin ni a
Kh nng cung cp trong nc
T NTTS
T KTTS
Nhp khu
Tiu th thy sn ti sng ni a
T NTTS
T KTTS
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
3.730
2.570
1.160
3.320
2.060
1.260
410
1.808
360
1.448
4.023
2.729
1.294
3.448
2.188
1.260
514
1.811
786
1.025
4.606
2.936
1.670
3.766
2.506
1.260
620
1.814
976
838
6.080
4.180
1.900
5.080
3.820
1.260
1.000
1.820
1.140
680
D bo nhu cu nguyn liu cho ch bin thy sn n nm 2020 khong trn 6

triu tn, trong i vi sn phm c cc loi chim khong 68,62%, sn phm tm cc
loi chim 13,93%, sn phm mc v bch tuc chim 6,35%, v sn phm thy hi sn
khc chim 11,1% Trong xu hng tiu dng sn phm c, tm, mc v bch tuc
u c xu hng tng ln.
Bng 24. D bo nhu cu nguyn liu cho ch bin thy sn n nm 2020
n v tnh: Nghn tn/nm
TT
1
2
3
4
I
1
2
3
4
II
1
2
3
4
Cc ch tiu
Tng nhu cu
C
Tm
Mc v bch tuc
Thy hi sn khc
Nhu cu cho CBXK
C
Tm
Mc v bch tuc
Thy hi sn khc
Nhu cu cho CBN
C
Tm
Mc v bch tuc
Thy hi sn khc
2010
3.730
2.605
489
240
396
2.570
1.726
410
179
255
1.160
879
79
61
141
2011
4.023
2.813
523
258
429
2.729
1.833
435
190
271
1.294
980
88
68
158
2015
4.606
3.237
582
293
494
2.936
1.972
468
204
292
1.670
1.265
114
89
202
2020
6.080
4.172
847
386
675
4.180
2.752
720
281
427
1.900
1.410
140
105
245
D bo nm 2015 sn lng thy sn trong nc ch p ng c 86%, n nm

2020 p ng c 83% nhu cu. Do , trong giai on 2010-2020 cn phi nhp khu
nguyn liu thy sn t nc ngoi ch bin, mt phn ti xut v mt phn phc v
nhu cu tiu th ni a.
C th, n nm 2015 nhp khu 620 ngn tn/nm (trong c: 349 ngn tn;
tm: 77 ngn tn; mc v bch tuc 126 ngn tn; thy sn khc 68 ngn tn); n nm
44
2020 nhp khu 1 triu tn/nm (trong c: 567 ngn tn; tm: 151 ngn tn; mc v
bch tuc 190 ngn tn; thy sn khc 92 ngn tn).
Bng 25. D bo nhu cu nhp khu nguyn liu thy sn n nm 2020
n v tnh: Nghn tn/nm
TT
1
2
3
4
Cc ch tiu
Nguyn liu thy sn nhp khu
C
Tm
Mc v bch tuc
Thy hi sn khc
Nm 2015
620
349
77
126
68
Nm 2020
1.000
567
151
190
92
D bo n nm 2020 kim ngch xut khu thy sn ca Vit Nam t khong 11

t USD. Trong , th trng EU chim 24,13%, Nht Bn 19,84%, M 19,15%, Trung
Quc 7,27%, ASEAN 4,75%, Nga 3,15%, Hn Quc 4,05%, i Loan 2,87%, xtrylia
3,22%, cc nc khc khong 11,57%.
Bng 26. D bo th trng tiu th thy sn ca Vit Nam n nm 2020
vt: Sn lng: Nghn tn; Gi tr: Triu USD
2015
2020
Sn
Sn
T
T
T
T
TT
Th trng
lng
Gi tr
lng
Gi tr
trng
trng
trng
trng
(Nghn
(Tr.USD
(Nghn
(Tr.USD)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
tn)
tn)
1 EU
415
25,61
1.539
20,52
605
30,25
2654
24,13
2 Nht Bn
252
15,55
1.893
25,23
258
12,90
2182
19,84
3 M
201
12,43
1.500
20,00
216
10,80
2106
19,15
4 Trung Quc
172
10,60
436
5,81
199
9,95
800
7,27
5 ASEAN
121
7,50
332
4,43
144
7,20
522
4,75
6 Nga
120
7,38
287
3,82
123
6,15
347
3,15
7 Hn Quc
98
6,08
330
4,41
99
4,95
446
4,05
8 i Loan
62
3,85
224
2,99
67
3,35
316
2,87
9 xtrylia
50
3,06
287
3,83
52
2,60
354
3,22
10 Cc nc khc
129
7,96
671
8,95
237
11,85
1273
11,57
Tng cng
1.620 100,00
7.500
100,00 2.000 100,00 11.000 100,00
3.1.2. D bo cung-cu thy sn trn th gii
3.1.2.1. D bo lng cung thy sn trn th gii
Giai on 2000-2010 tc tng trng bnh qun sn lng thy sn th gii t
2,4%/nm, d bo giai on 2010-2020 tng trng bnh qun thp hn giai on 20012010 khong 0,26%/nm (t tng trng bnh qun 2,14%/nm). C th n nm 2015
45
tng lng cung thy sn ton th gii vo khong 184,01 triu tn, v 201,5 triu tn vo
nm 2020 v trn 235 triu tn vo nm 2030.
Bng 27. D bo lng cung thy sn ton cu n nm 2020
vt: Triu tn
TT
1
2
Hng mc
Tng cng
T trng %
NTTS
T trng%
KTTS
T trng %
2000
2005
2010
2011
2015
2020
134,57
100,00
41,27
30,67
93,30
69,33
152,70
100,00
57,81
37,86
94,89
62,14
166,52
100,00
71,29
42,81
95,23
57,19
169,40
100,00
88,46
52,22
80,94
47,78
184,01
100,00
107,85
58,61
76,16
41,39
201,50
100,00
130,98
65,00
70,53
35,00
3.1.2.2. D bo lng cu thy sn trn th gii

Giai on 2001-2010 tc tng trng bnh qun tng nhu cu thy sn th gii
t 2,7%/nm. D bo giai on 2011-2015 nhu cu thy sn s tng bnh qun 3%/nm
v giai on 2016-2020 tng khong 3.1%/nm.
C th, n nm 2015 tng nhu cu thy sn ton th gii vo khong 198,26 triu
tn, n nm 2020 con s ny l 217,19 triu tn, v n nm 2030 con s ny l trn 250
triu tn. Trong , lm thc phm chim trn 80% tng nhu cu thy sn ton cu, cn
li di 20% dng lm phi thc phm. Nh vy, vi nhu cu tiu dng thy sn ngy cng
tng t nay cho n nm 2020, lng cung thy sn s khng p ng nhu cu. D bo
lng thiu ht t nay cho n nm 2020 khong trn 44 triu tn thy hi sn cc loi.
y l iu in rt tt cho cc quc gia c li th v sn xut thy sn pht trin, trong
c Vit nam.
Trong , khu vc Chu chim 60,24% tng nhu cu thy sn ton th gii, khu
vc Chu u v Nga chim 12,97%, khu vc Caribe v Nam M chim 12,03%, khu vc
Chu phi chim 5,05%, khu vc Bc M chim 5,26%, v khu vc Chu i Dng
chim 4,44% tng nhu cu thy sn ton cu n nm 2020. Theo d bo n nm 2020
trong 100% tng nhu cu thy sn ton cu, cc nc pht trin s chim 77% tng lng
tiu thv 79% tng sn lng thy sn ton th gii, 23% cn li tp trung cc nc pht
trin v mt phn cc nc km pht trin.
vt: Triu tn
Carib
Chu Chu
Chu
Bc
Chu
Ton
Hng mc
Nam
u +
i
TT
Phi
M
cu
M
Nga Dng
Tng nhu cu
10,01
10,44
23,86 119,44 25,72
8,80
198,26
T trng %
100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00
1 Phi thc phm
0,97
1,70
17,06
9,89
7,95
0,14
37,72
T trng %
9,72
16,27
71,53
8,28
30,91
1,60
19,02
46
Thc phm
T trng %
9,04
8,74
6,79
109,54 17,77
8,66
160,54
90,28
83,73
28,47
91,72
69,09
98,40
80,98
Ngun: S liu ca (FAO statistics), SOFIA; IFPRI study qua cc nm
TT
1
2
vt: Triu tn
Carib
Chu Chu
Chu
Bc
Chu
Ton
Hng mc
Nam
u +
i
Phi
M
cu
M
Nga Dng
Tng nhu cu
11,43
26,13 130,84
28,17
9,64 217,19
10,97
T trng %
100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00
Phi thc phm
1,07
1,86
18,69
10,83
8,71
0,15 41,31
T trng %
16,27
71,53
8,28
30,91
1,6 19,02
9,72
Thc phm
9,90
9,57
7,44 120,01
19,46
9,49 175,88
T trng %
90,28
83,73
28,47
91,72
69,09
98,4 80,98
Ngun:S liu ca (FAO statistics), SOFIA; IFPRI study qua cc nm
3.1.2.3. Kh nng cn i cung-cu thy sn ton cu n nm 2020

So snh lng cung-cu theo d bo cho thy nhu cu thu sn v cc sn phm
thu sn s cao hn lng cung tim nng. Tng lng cu thu sn ton th gii s thiu
ht l 13,34 triu tn vo nm 2010 v 14,25 triu tn vo nm 2015 v 15,69 triu tn vo
nm 2020. D bo con s ny cn tng ln trn 20 triu tn vo nm 2030. Tnh trng
thiu ht ny s khng xy ra nu nh c s cn i gia mt bn l gi thu sn tng,
cng vi s dch chuyn v nhu cu tiu th cc loi thu sn khc nhau v mt bn l s
dch chuyn nhu cu sang dng cc loi thc phm giu protein thay th khc.
TT
1
2
3
Bng 30. Cn bng cung-cu thy sn ton cu n nm 2020

vt: Triu tn
Hng mc
2010
2011
2015
2020
Lng cung
166,52
169,40
184,01
201,50
Lng cu
179,86
183,08
198,26
217,19
Lng thiu ht
-13,34
-13,68
-14,25
-15,69
3.2. D bo v khoa hc cng ngh trong lnh vc thy sn

3.2.1. ng dng cng ngh sinh hc trong NTTS
- Chn to ging v sinh sn vt nui v thu sn
- Cc ngun ti nguyn di truyn vt nui ca th gii
- Th tinh nhn to v truyn cy phi
- Bin i b nhim sc th v chuyn i gii tnh c
- K thut di truyn trong chn nui v thu sn
- Cng ngh vi sinh vt trong NTTS v CBTS
47
3.2.2. Cng ngh trong KTTS

Trong thi gian ti, cc cng ngh, k thut tin tin s c ng dn tip thu ng
dng rng ri nh s dng nh sng in tp trung c, nht l nh sng di mt nc ;
s dng my d ngang trong ngh li vy; s dng cc thit b, my mc c gii thu,
th li; du nhp cc loi ngh mi, khai thc c hiu qu nh ngh chp mc, ngh
cu vng c ng i dng, li vy c gii khai thc c ng, ngh li ko bin su,
ngh cu c rn ng thi, nhng phng tin nh bt nh, lc hu dn c thay th
bng cc phng tin c cng sut ln, trang b hin i.
Cng ngh khai thc d bo s tng bc du nhp mt s cng ngh tin tin t
mt s nc nh: Trung Quc, Thi Lan, Malaysia... c c im ng trng tng t vi
nc ta.
Bn cnh , cht lng bo qun sn phm khai thc ngy cng c quan tm
nghin cu. Nhng tu c cng sut ln s c p dng cc cng ngh bo qun mi nh
bo qun bng nc bin lnh, s dng hm cch nhit, s dng thit b lnh trong cc
khoang cha,..
Mt khc, ngun g ng tu ngy cng khan him, vic khai thc g ang dn b
hn ch bo v mi trng. Tng bc s thay th v tu bng cc vt liu mi. Cc
loi vt liu tng hp nhn to c nghin cu lm v tu d bo s c ng dn s
dng nhiu trong giai on ti.
Cng tc qun l, gim st hot ng ca tu c trn bin trong thi gian ti s
c thc hin thng qua h thng nh v v tinh s gip c quan chc nng ch ng
nm bt hot ng ca tu c trn bin, mt khc m bo an ton cho tu c v tng bc
nng cao k nng i bin cho ng dn.
3.2.3. Cng ngh trong CBTS
Cng ngh enzym-protein: Nghin cu pht hin v sn xut cc loi enzym c gi
tr kinh t cao, ng dng trong cng ngh ch bin nhm tng sc cnh tranh ca hng ho
nng - lm - ng nghip s l hng i c la chon trong giai on 2010-2020 v ti
nm 2030
ng dng cng ngh Nano trong ng gi v bo qun thc phm s l hng i
c cc doanh nghip ch bin thy sn la chn trong thi k ti.
3.3. D bo ngun li, mi trng sinh thi thy sinh
3.3.1. D bo ngun li thy sn
Theo d bo vng bin c quyn kinh t ca Vit Nam c tr lng hi sn
khong trn 5 triu tn/nm, vi kh nng khai thc bn vng trn di 2 triu tn/nm.
Trong , c ni nh c tr lng 2,744 triu tn; c y c 1,174 triu tn; c ni ln
khong 1,156 triu tn. Kh nng khai thc ti a cho php t tng ng 1,097 triu tn
i vi c ni nh, 0,587 triu tn i vi nhm c y, v 0,462 triu tn i vi nhm c
ni ln. Sn lng c tp trung trong 15 bi c ln, trong c 12 bi c phn b vng
ven b v 3 bi c ngoi khi. Tr lng c c chiu hng tng dn theo s gim dn ca
v (tc tng dn t Bc vo Nam). Trong tng tr lng, vng Vnh Bc B chim
11,38% (tng ng 577,31 nghn tn), vng bin min Trung chim 23,39% (tng
ng 1.187,1 nghn tn), vng bin ng Nam B chim 21,19% (tng ng 1.075,6
48
nghn tn), v vng bin Ty Nam B chim 21,06% (tng ng 1.068,9 nghn tn),
vng gia bin ng chim 22,98% (tng ng 1.166,1 nghn tn).
Bng 31. Ngun li hi sn VN nm 2005 vi gi nh c gi n nh n 2020
vt: Tn
TT
Vng bin
Vnh Bc B
Min Trung
ng Nam B
Ty Nam B
Gia Bin ng
Tng cng
Ton vng bin
Loi c
C ni nh
C y
C ni nh
C y
C ni nh
C y
C ni nh
C y
C ni nh
C ni ln
C ni nh
C y
C ni ln
Tr
T l
Kh nng
T l
(%)
(%)
lng
khai thc
15,72
173.200
15,75
433.000
144.319
12,38
74.535
12,74
595.000
21,61
238.000
21,64
592.150
50,81
296.075
50,61
770.800
27,99
308.300
28,03
304.850
26,16
152.425
26,05
34,32
378.000
34,36
945.000
123.992
10,64
61.996
10,60
10.000
0,36
2.500
0,23
1.156.032
22,78
462.413
21,53
2.753.800
54,26
1.097.900
51.13
1.165.311
22,96
587.131
27.34
1.156.032
22,78
462.413
21.53
5.075.143 100.00
2.147.444
100,00
Ngun: Vin Nghin cu hi sn nm 2005
3.3.2. D bo v tc ng mi trng sinh thi thy sinh trong ngnh thy sn

- Tc ng ca pht trin NTTS n mi trng sinh thi v thy sinh
Vic la chn a im nui v h sinh thi ti vng nui c nh hng quan trong
ti qun l mi trng v tc ng qua li ln nhau gia x hi v nui trng thy, hi
sn. La chn cc a im nui ph hp th s khng gy ra hoc hn ch nh hng ti
mi trng. Nu la chn a im khng ph hp nh nui tm trong khu vc rng ngp
mn hoc cc vng ct lm nguy hi n rng ngp mn, nn y, bi ct, ngun
nc ngt v ti nguyn thin nhin.
Nui tm l mt trong nhng minh ha r nht v tc ng mi trng ca vic la
chn khng ng a im nui. nc ta, c mt vng rng ln t Qung Ninh, Hi
Phng n Khnh Ha v cc tnh ng bng Sng Cu Long nh Sc Trng, Bc
Liu, C Mau chu hu qu v mi trng nui. Rng ngp mn b ph hy v tc
ng nng n ti mi trng sinh thi l hu qu ca vic quy hoch pht trin ngnh
khng hp l. Ti cc tnh min trung nh Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, vic xy dng cc ao
tm trong cc vng ct c nhiu nh hng tiu cc nh lm cn kit ngun nc
ngm, s xm thc ca nc mn, nhim ngun nc ti cc ni c chn nui tm.
Qu trnh chuyn dch trng la sang nui trng thy sn din ra quy m ln vng mn
ha ven bin lm gia tng xm nhp mn cc vng ven bin. Cht thi trong nui trng
thy sn l bn thi cha phn ca cc loi thy sn tm c, cc ngun thc n d tha
thi ra b phn hy, cc cht tn d ca cc loi vt t s dng trong qu trnh nui trng
49
nh: ha cht , vi v cc loi khong cht Diatomit, Dolomit, lu hunh lng ng, cc
cht c hi c trong t phn Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, SO4-, cc thnh phn cha H2S, NH3... l
sn phm ca qu trnh phn hy ym kh ngp nc to thnh, ngun bn ph sa lng
ng trong cc ao nui trng thy sn thi ra hng nm trong qu trnh v sinh v no vt
ao nui. c bit, vi cc m hnh nui k thut cao, mt nui ln nh nui thm canh,
nui cng nghip... th ngun thi cng ln v tc ng gy nhim mi trng cng cao.
Quy hoch khng ph hp v hu qu l cc loi hnh nui trng thy sn gy nh
hng ln nhau do v tr cc tri nui khng ph hp. Nui c lng trn bin Ct B, Hi
Phng gy suy thoi cc vng nc xung quanh. Hm lng cc cht dinh dng nh
NO2-, NO3-, v PO4- trong nc hoc trong cht y ln rt cao trong khu vc nui c
lng. y l nguyn nhn ca cc t dch bnh bng pht ti cc lng nui v thit hi v
mi trng nc ca cc vng xung quanh l khng th trnh khi. Ti Bn Bo (Ct B)
v Vng Ngon (Vnh H Long ) s nhim bn ca cc cht thi hu c v v c t cc
lng b nui tr nn c bit nghim trng do s gia tng v lng nui. Chn a im
khng ph hp khng nhng ch tc ng ln cht lng vng nc m cn gy xung t
vi cc ngnh khc nh du lch, giao thng ng thy v khai thc c.
- Tc ng ca vic s dng ngun nc v cht lng nc ti mi trng
sinh thi v thy sinh
Nui trng hi sn trn bin, ven cc hi o v s dng ti nguyn mt nc trong
t lin cho hot ng NTTS cn mt lng thc n ln, d tha l khng trnh khi,v s
to ra lng cht thi rt ln dn n gy nhim, pht sinh dch bnh v nh hng ti
mi trng sinh thi xung quanh S pht trin ca h sinh thi xung quanh do cho n qu
mc c th dn ti s pht trin rm r ca to c do hm lng Ni-t v pht pht qu
cao, gy lng ng trm tch v thiu xy bn di v khu vc xung quanh cc lng
nui, ao nui v cht lng nc xu do tch t cc cht thi. S pht trin ca thc vt
ph du c th dn n s sinh si ny n ca cc loi to c, v c th pht trin thnh
thy triu nh trng hp o Ct B nhng nm v trc, tc ng tiu cc
ngc tr li i vi ngnh nui trng hi sn. Hot ng nui lng trn bin lm tng
thm lp trm tch cht thi dy khong 3-5 cm, lm xu i mi trng ti nhng khu vc
ny. Cht lng nc ti cc vng nui tm hm cng b suy gim nghim trng do hm
lng NH3 v H2S cao trong tng nc st y v tng y, chng c coi l nhng
nguyn nhn ch yu lm cho tm hm cht hng lot. Vic pht trin t cc m hnh
nui trng thy sn trn bin s lm cho mi trng nc ca nhng khu vc ny b
nhim ngy cng nghim trng hn. nhim ngun nc trong nui trng hi sn trn
cc vng bin cng lm tng mu thun gia cc ngnh sn xut khc nhau, thm ch ngay
trong ngnh ngh nui trng thy sn.
- Tc ng ca vic la chn thc n v qun l thc n trong NTTS n mi
trng sinh thi v thy sinh
Mt s loi nhuyn th v rong bin s dng thc n l cht dinh dng c sn
trong nc c tc dng lm sch mi trng, tuy nhin vic s dng thc n ca mt s
loi nui trng thy sn vn l mi lo ngi cho s pht trin bn vng trong nui trng hi
sn trn bin v ven cc hi o. Mc d chi ph cho thc n lun chim t trng cao nht
trong cc chi ph cho mt m hnh nui trng thy sn, tuy nhin vic cho n d tha vn
cn rt ph bin.
50
Nui trng thy sn ni chung v nui trng hi sn trn vng bin v ven cc hi
o ni ring s sn sinh mt lng cht thi rt ln. Mt s kt qu nghin cu cho thy:
Ch c 17% trng lng kh ca thc n cung cp cho ao nui c chuyn thnh sinh
khi, phn cn li c thi ra mi trng di dng phn v cht hu c d tha thi ra
vo mi trng. i vi cc lng nui cng nghip cht thi trong qu trnh nui c th
cha n trn 45% nitrogen v 22% l cc cht hu c khc. Cc loi cht thi cha nit
v phtpho hm lng cao gy nn hin tng ph dng mi trng nc pht sinh to
c trong mi trng nui trng thy sn. c bit, ngun cht thi ny lan truyn rt
nhanh i vi h thng nui c, nui nhuyn th, nui gip xc ...trn cc vng bin v hi
o v s pht trin khng theo quy hoch, pht trin t v t pht... cng vi lng ph
sa lan truyn c th gy nhim mi trng v dch bnh thy sn pht sinh trong mi
trng nc. nc ta vic s dng c tp lm thc n trong nui trng thy hi sn
tr nn ph bin do gi c ca loi thc n ny l kh r.y l l do khin ngi nui cho
n qu mc cn thit, gy ra nhim cao cho ngun nc hn na, trong thnh phn c
tp bao gm rt nhiu loi thy sinh vi kch c v giai on pht trin. Vic s dng
c tp l ngun thc n trong nui trng thy hi sn gy tc hi ph l lm cn kit ngun
ti nguyn thin nhin ven b.
3.3.3 D bo tc ng ca BKH n ngnh thy sn Vit Nam
3.3.3.1. Tc ng ca BKH n ngnh KTTS
Bin i kh hu (BKH) s lm nh hng n cc h sinh thi bin, bin ng
chng loi qun n v di c c bin, c kh nng s lm thay i cc bi c v ng
trng truyn thng. Nhng thay i v nhit v ha hc i dng trc tip nh
hng n sinh l, tng trng, sinh sn v phn b ca sinh vt bin. "C trong vng
nc m hn c th s c mt kch thc c th nh hn, nh hn s trng thnh ban
u, c t l t vong cao hn v c nh bt ti cc khu vc khc nhau, nng mui
thay i s lm nguy hi n cc rn san h, cc thm thc vt cc vng bin vn l l
chn sng cho khu vc ven b . Bng chng l nhiu rn san h chm pht trin, cc thm
thc vt nh rong bin b cht, tri dt vo b vi khi lng ln. Cc bi c ni, c y
khu vc tuyn b v lng c xu hng ra xa dn; ma v c cm, c , c thu, c nc t
thng 3 n thng 5 hng nm ti cc ng trng u b thay i v xo trn trong nhng
nm gn y. Ngoi ra BKH s gy ra nhiu hin tng thi tit bt thng: bo, nc
bin dng, triu cng, l lt, l qut... khng theo quy lut nn rt kh d bo trc, s
gy thit hi ln v ngi v ti sn cho cc tu thuyn KTHS trn bin.
Bin i kh hu l yu t tc ng v nh hng ln ti hot ng khai thc thy
sn. S thay i kh hu c tc ng n cc h sinh thi, lm bin ng chng qun v
ngun li thy sn trn cc vng bin.
Nhit ngy cng tng gy nh hng n qu trnh sinh sng, di c ca sinh vt.
Mt s loi di chuyn tm vng nc mi ph hp sinh sng v pht trin s lm ng
trng thay i, dn n cu trc tu thuyn v ng c cn c ci tin ph hp. Mc
nc bin dng lm thay i cu trc h tng ngh c, cc cng c, bn bi neo u tu.
Mc nc bin dng dn ti s thay i ch thu triu, gia tng s xi mn cc b, lm
thay i dng chy. Bin i kh hu lm qu o di chuyn ca cc cn bo phc tp
51
hn. BKH cng gy ra nhng nh hng khng nh i vi c s h tng cc cng c,

ni neo u trnh tr bo, cc trm xng du ven bin v tu thuyn ca ng dn.
Nhit tng cng vi s thay i tnh cht l - ha trong nc bin lm thay i
cu trc, thnh phn cc loi, cc qun x hin c. ng thi, lm cho ngun li thy sn
b phn tn, di c i cc vng khc ph hp hn hoc di c xung su hn. Khi vng
bin s mt i hoc gim bt tr lng mt s loi c c gi tr kinh t; nng sut cng
nh gi tr khai thc gim xung.
3.3.3.2. Tc ng ca BKH n ngnh NTTS
- nh hng ca nhit
Nhit ng vai tr quan trng cho qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin ca sinh
vt ni chung v cc loi nui trng thy sn ni ring. Mi loi c khong nhit thch
ng ring. Kh nng chng chu ca chng nm trong khong gii hn nht nh. V d
nhit thch hp cho sinh trng v pht trin ca tm s gii hn trong khong 25 32oC, nu nhit cao hn 32oC hoc thp hn 25oC th s pht trin ca tm s b nh
hng nh tm chm ln.
Nhit nc trong cc ao h ph thuc hon ton vo thi tit v tng a
phng. Khi nhit khng kh tng ln lm cho nc nng ln, tuy nhin bin ng
nhit nc trong cc ao h chm hn so vi khng kh. Vit nam, c bit l cc tnh
min trung, hin tng nng nng lm cho nhit nc tng ln qu mc chu ng
ca nhiu loi sinh vt, trong c cc loi nui. Nc nng lm cho tm c cht hng
lot, c bit nghim trng i vi cc ao h c su nh. i vi cc vc nc c
su cao, vc nc ln hoc chy th s thay i v nhit hin xy ra chm hn v nc
t b nng hn. V vy vic nui lng b trn cc vc nc ln nh sng sui, bin thng
t b nh hng ca s tng nhit qu mc v lu di, cn cc vc nc t v nh
thng d b nh hng nghim trng hn.
S tng nhit c th lm suy gim sn lng thy sn trong cc ao h. Nhiu
nghin cu cho thy rng khi nhit tng ln lm cho hm lng oxi trong nc trong
gim mnh vo ban m, do s tiu th qu mc ca cc loi thc vt thy sinh, hoc qu
trnh phn hp cht hu c. S suy gim hm lng oxi lm nh hng n s sinh trng
v pht trin ca loi nui, tm c th b cht hoc chm ln. iu ny d nhn thy qua
hin tng hin tng ph dng ca cc ao nui; c ni u vo bui sng trong cc ao
nui; thy triu v to cht hng hot cc vng ven bin.
Thay i nhit cn l iu kin pht sinh ca nhiu loi dch bnh xy ra cho cc
loi nui. Nhit tng cao lm cho sc khe ca cc loi nui, mi trng nc b xu
i, l iu kin thun li cho s pht trin ca cc loi vi sinh vt gy hi. Trong nhng
nm gn y do mi trng nui b suy thoi kt hp vi s thay i khc nghit ca thi
tit gy ra hin tng tm s cht hng lot hu ht cc tnh, nh bnh do nhm vi
khun Vibrio gy ra, bnh do virus (MBV, HPV v BP). Cc bnh ny thng thng xy
ra v lan truyn rt nhanh v rng, kh cha nn mc gy ri ro rt ln.
Bn cnh nhng nh hng bt li, tng nhit cng l iu kin thun li cho
nui trng thy sn. S tng ln ca nhit trong khong cho php tng nng sut s cp
52
cho cc ao nui, to iu kin tt cho s pht trin ca cc loi thy sinh l ngun thc n
quan trng cho cc loi nui. cc tnh min Bc, nui trng thy sn b gii hn bi
nhit ma xun v ngt ha ca nc vo ma h. Nhit nc tng vo xun thc
y s pht trin ca sinh khi thy vc, ngi dn c th th con ging sm hn, cho nn
c th trnh c ri ro tm c cht do mn ca nc gim t ngt.
Bng 32. Knh bn mc tng nhit TB nm so vi thi k 1980-1999
vt: 0C
Thp
Trung bnh
Cao
TT
Vng
2020 2030
2020
2030
2020
2030
1
Ty Bc
0,5
0,7
0,5
0,7
0,5
0,8
2
ng Bc
0,5
0,7
0,5
0,7
0,5
0,7
3
ng bng Bc B
0,5
0,7
0,5
0,7
0,5
0,7
4
Bc Trung B
0,6
0,8
0,5
0,8
0,6
0,9
5
Nam Trung B
0,4
0,6
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,5
6
Ty Nguyn
0,3
0,5
0,3
0,5
0,3
0,5
7
Nam B
0,4
0,6
0,4
0,6
0,4
0,6
Ngun: Kch bn BKH ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng nm 2009
- nh hng ca hn hn v l lt
Ngun nc l mt trong nhng yu t quyt nh cho s thnh cng cho pht trin
nui trng thy sn. Hin tng nng nng ko di lm cn kit ngun nc ngt, lm
tng mc bc hi nc trong cc ao nui. i vi cc ao nui gn ngun cung cp
nc hoc nui lng b trong vc nc ln (sng sui, bin) th nh hng ny khng ln,
nhng i vi ao nui cch xa ngun nc th nui trng thy sn b nh hng rt
nghim trong. Min Trung l ni c s ngy nng, mc bc hi nc ln nht c nc,
cho nn hn hn xy ra nghim trng nht. Nhiu ao nui tm c b b hoang v khng
c nc cung cp trong qu trnh nui. Mt s ao nui cha n thi gian thu hoch
b cn kit ngun nc trong ao, nn ngi dn phi thu hoch sm hoc b nui.
L lt nh hng rt nghim trng nhiu a phng trong c nc. Kh hn
c th cung cp nc, nhng l lt th rt kh chng. Nhiu ao nui c bao kin
c, cao chng nc dng cao vo ma ma, nhng khng th chng c l lt. i
vi ngh nui thy sn mn l, mn l yu t nh hng rt ln n sinh trng v
pht trin ca loi nui. Khi xy ra ma ln, mn trong cc ao nui gim xung t
ngt vt ra khi ngng chu ng lm cho tm c b sc, cht hoc chm ln. L xy ra
cn lm cho mn cc vc nc gn b nh cc ca sng gim xung, ngh nui
nhuyn th, tm c, b nh hng nghim trng.
TT
1
2
3
Bng 33. Kch bn mc tng lng ma TB nm so vi thi k 1980-1999

vt: %
Thp
Trung bnh
Cao
Vng
2020
2030
2020
2030
2020
2030
Ty Bc
1,4
2,1
1,4
2,1
1,6
2,1
ng Bc
1,4
2,1
1,4
2,1
1,7
2,2
ng bng Bc B
1,6
2,3
1,6
2,3
1,6
2,3
53
4
5
6
7
Bc Trung B
1,5
2,2
1,5
2,2
1,8
2,3
Nam Trung B
0,7
1,0
0,7
1,0
0,7
1,0
Ty Nguyn
0,3
0,4
0,3
0,4
0,3
0,4
Nam B
0,3
0,4
0,3
0,4
0,3
0,4
- nh hng ca hin tng ging bo
Vit Nam chu nh hng rt ln ca bo v p thp nhit i. Bo v p thp
nhit i gy ra ma to, gi ln. Bo gy ra nhng cn sng gi di c th tn ph hon
ton h thng bao ca cc ao nui, lng b trn bin, v vy tn tht l iu kh trnh
khi. S tn ph ca bo v p thp nhit i cn nh hng n h sinh thi ca vng
nui cn thi gian di mi c th phc hi So vi s thay i nhit , bo v p thp
nhit i thng kh c th d on, ngc li mc nh hng ca n nh hng
nghim trng hn rt nhiu. i vi vng ven bin, ni m cng ng c dn sng ch
yu da vo hot ng thy sn, nu bo xy ra th thit hi v kinh t l iu kh trnh
khi, sinh k ca h s b mt.
3.3.3.3. nh hng ca nc bin dng v tc ng n ngnh thy sn
Theo d bo vo cui th k 21, (theo kch bn trung bnh B2) th nhit c th
tng 2,30C (1,6-2,80C) so vi thi k 1980-1999. Nhit cc vng pha Bc tng nhanh
hn so vi cc vng pha Nam. Nhit ma ng tng nhanh hn ma h. Lng ma
trung bnh c nm v lng ma vo ma ma u tng, cn lng ma vo ma kh s
gim, c bit l cc vng pha Nam. Trung bnh lng ma nm tng khong 5% so vi
thi k 1980-1999. Ti cc vng pha Bc lng ma tng nhiu hn so vi cc vng pha
Nam. Mc nc bin dng thm khong 30 cm vo gia th k 21 v 75 cm vo cui th
k 21.
i vi BSCL, nu mc nc bin dng 65 cm th BSCL ngp 5.133km2,
chim 12,8% din tch ng bng. Tng t nu mc nc bin dng 75cm s ngp 7.580
km2, chim 19% din tch BSCL v nu mc nc dng ln 100cm th din tch ngp s
l 15.116km2, chim 37,8% din tch BSCL.
Theo mt s tnh ton, khi mc NBD l 1 m th BSCL c khong 1,5-2 triu ha b
ngp v nhng nm c l to din tch BSCL c th b ngp ti 90% v ngp trong thi
gian 4-4,5 thng, cn vo ma kh s b nhim mn ln ti 70% din tch nu ly ng
ng mui 4. BSH s b ngp khong 0,3-0,5 triu ha v 0,4 triu ha vng duyn hi
min Trung.
Mc NBD s lm ngp phn ln vng BSCL v BSH vo nm 2070, e do sn
xut la v an ninh lng thc. Nu mc NBD cao 90cm, khong 0,5 triu ha BSH,
1,5-2 triu ha BSCL v 0,4 triu ha vng ng bng duyn hi min Trung b ngp.
RNM s b ngp ti 400.000 ha. Mn xm nhp su vo t lin, tc ng ti khong 2,22,5 triu ha. Do gim kh nng thot nc, s gy ngp lt dc sng M Cng ti 400 km,
v dc sng Hng ti 200 km k t ca sng. Nhiu thnh ph, th x, k c cng Hi
Phng, cng Vng Tu v nhiu ni thuc tnh Bn Tre b ngp.
Thc t cho thy, trong my nm gn y, tnh hnh ngp lt din ra thng xuyn
5 thnh ph nh Tp.H Ch Minh, Cn Th, Vnh Long, C Mau v Hi Phng. Hai
vng c nguy c ngp mn nng nht l Bn Tre v bn o C Mau. Ngp lt do l
thng xuyn xy ra cc thnh ph duyn hi min Trung, ni bt nht l thnh ph
54
Hu. Ngp lt gy kh khn v giao thng, nhim mi trng nc, tc ng bt li n

sinh hot ca cng ng ngi dn, nht l b phn nhng ngi tham gia sn xut thy
sn.
Ngp, lt cn dn n vic thu sn nui thot khi h thng ao, m ra ngoi t
nhin, tc ng n a dng sinh hc.
NBD lm cho h thng sng, bin v h thng h cha mt an ton. NBD
lm cho ch dng chy ven b thay i, gy xi l b bin; gim kh nng tiu thot
nc dn n din tch ngp v thi gian ngp ng tng. BKH lm thay i thi v, tng
dch bnh, gim nng sut. BKH lm suy gim ngun li thy sinh v suy gim cht
lng t.
Theo bo co ca Ngn hng th gii, nu NBD 1m th 10,8% dn s ca Vit Nam
phi di di ch . BKH c th gy ra hn hn, triu cng, nc mn xm ln su vo
ni ng, bo thng xuyn xut hin v vi cng ngy mt mnh hn, lm thay i
ma v canh tc i vi vt nui, cy trng trong ngnh nng nghip.
Bng 34. Kch bn nc bin dng so vi thi k 1980-1999
vt: cm
TT
Kch bn nc bin dng
2020
2030
1 Kch bn thp B1
11
17
2 Kch bn trung bnh B2
12
17
3 Kch bn cao A1F1
12
17
3.4. Mt s d bo v ngng pht trin mang tnh bn vng cho ngnh KTTS v
NTTS Vit Nam n nm 2020
3.4.1. Ngng pht trin mang tnh bn vng i vi KTTS
Theo s liu ca Chin lc pht trin ngnh thy sn v Quy hoch ch bin thy sn
ton quc n nm 2020, ngun nguyn liu cung cp cho ngnh thy sn t KTTS khong 2,2
triu tn vo nm 2015 v 2,4 triu tn vo nm 2020, trong , tng sn lng khai thc bin
Vit Nam vo khong 2 triu tn. Mc sn lng ny c bn vng hay khng? Theo Gulland
nm 1973 a ra phng php tnh sn lng khai thc ti a cho tng vng bin nh sau Y =
B k (Trong , B l tng tr lng thy sn vng bin Vit Nam khong 5,1 triu tn, k l
h s khai thc cho php v bng 0,5). Thay s liu vo ta tnh c sn lng khai thc ti a
cho php vng bin ca Vit Nam nh sau.
Y = 5,075 triu tn 0,5 = 2,53 triu tn
Theo Chin lc pht trin ngnh thy sn, n nm 2020 t ra mc tiu khai thc
khong 2 triu tn vng bin Vit Nam.Nh vy, mc sn lng khai thc 2 triu tn hon
ton vn nm trong ngng khai thc bn vng. Tuy nhin, cn phi c bit ch trong giai
on ny, sn lng khai thc bn vng i vi ngun li, nhng li khng bn vng i
vi sinh k ca ng dn. Hin nay s lng tu thuyn qu ln, v vy nng sut khai thc
v s gim, nh hng ln n hiu qu kinh t mi chuyn i bin ca ng dn. Nu vn
ny khng c kim sot v khng c gii php ph hp th tim n nhiu mi nguy cho
ngun li. c bit ng quan ngi l s gia tngtnh trng khai thc tri php tng nng sut
s tc ng ngc li sn lng khai thc ti a bn vng.. Yu cu trong giai on ny l phi
55
c phng n ct gim tu thuyn ng thi vi cc gii php chuyn i ngh nghip, to

ngun sinh k cho ng dn hng ti mc tiu bn vng c v kinh t-x hi-mi trng-ngun
li.
3.4.2. Ngng pht trin bn vng cho NTTS
Cn c vo Ngh quyt s 17/2011/QH13 ca k hp Quc Hi ln th 13 ngy
22/11/2011 v vic ph duyt quy hoch s dng t Vit Nam n nm 2020, trong , din
tch mt t NTTS n nm 2015 khong 750 nghn ha, 2020 khong 790 nghn ha (cha k
din tch mt nc nui trn h thng cc sng, m ph, h cha v trn bin).
Cn c vo chin lc pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm 2020 v tm nhn 2030
c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt, n nm 2015 din tch mt nc NTTS ton quc
khong 1,095 triu ha cho sn lng 3,6 triu tn; nm 2020 khong 1,2 triu ha cho sn lng
4,5 triu tn. (Trong , n nm 2015 c khong 750 nghn ha din tch t NTTS v 0,345
nghn ha mt nc NTTS trn h thng cc sng, m ph, trn bin v trn cc h cha; n
nm 2020 c 790 nghn ha din tch mt t NTTS, cn li 0,41 nghn ha din tch mt nc
NTTS trn h thng cc sng, m ph, trn bin v trn cc h cha).
Cn c vo Quy hoch pht trin ngnh Nng nghip n nm 2020, tng gi tr kim
ngch xut khu thy sn khong 11 t USD, n nm 2030 khong 20 t USD. T cn i
ngun nguyn liu cn cho tng nhu cu ch bin xut khu v ni a khong 6,08 triu tn,
(trong 4,18 triu tn xut khu, v 1,9 triu tn ch bin ni a, v 1,82 triu tn dng ti
sng th trng ni a).Trong khi , tng sn lng trong nc c th p ng cho ch bin
xut khu v ni a khong 5,08 triu tn, nh vy vn cn thiu ht khong 1 triu tn. Sn
lng thiu ht ny s phi c nhp khu t cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii. Vi cc
cn c trn c th khng nh n nm 2020 pht trin din tch mt nc NTTS vi din tch
1,2 triu ha, cho sn lng khong 4,5 triu tn hon ton nm trong tm kim sot ca ngnh,
bn bng c v mt kinh t, x hi v mi trng (to ra gi tr kim ngch xut khu 11 t USD,
gi tr ch bin ni a khong 22,79 nghn t ng, gii quyt vic lm cho khong trn 5 triu
lao ng, v to vic lm mi cho khong 1.000 lt xut khu lao ng ngh c).
56
PHN TH 4
QUY HOCH PHT TRIN NGNH THY SN N NM
2020, TM NHN 2030
4.1. Quan im quy hoch
1. Quy hoch pht trin thy sn phi ph hp vi quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh
t - x hi c nc, ph hp vi chin lc pht trin ca ngnh v yu cu ca th trng.
Quy hoch pht trin thy sn theo hng nng cao nng sut, cht lng, hiu qu kh
nng cnh tranh, a thy sn thnh mt ngnh sn xut hng ha ln, hiu qu v bn
vng.
2. Quy hoch pht trin thy sn trn c s khai thc, s dng hiu qu li th tim
nng, chuyn dch c cu ngnh ngh v lao ng ngh c cng vi qu trnh ti c cu,
cng nghip ha, hin i ha ngh c, gn vi vic t chc li sn xut theo cc lnh vc
thy sn thch ng vi bin i kh hu, bo v mi trng sinh thi.
3. Quy hoch pht trin thy sn gp phn nng cao mc sng, iu kin sng ca
cng ng ng dn, iu chnh, sp xp li dn c. o to, bi dng ngun nhn lc
p ng yu cu sn xut thy sn hng ha vi trnh k thut v cng ngh cao. Gn
kt cht ch sn xut nguyn liu vi cng nghip bo qun, ch bin v th trng tiu
th. Hnh thnh cc trung tm ngh c ln vnh Bc B, duyn hi min Trung, ng
Nam B, Ty Nam B gn vi cc ng trng trng im v vng sn xut thy sn tp
trung.
4. Quy hoch pht trin thy sn phi kt hp hi ha quan h li ch gia cc ngnh
kinh t gia cc vng v cc a phng. Pht trin thy sn trn c s ch trng hiu qu
kinh t-x hi, gn vi bo m an ninh quc phng v ch quyn quc gia trn cc vng
bin, o.
5. Quy hoch pht trin thy sn nhm tng cng nng lc qun l Nh nc v
thy sn trn c s i mi t duy, m bo tnh kh thi, ng dng cc thnh tu khoa hc
v cng ngh, thc hnh ci cch hnh chnh. Pht trin cc hnh thc kinh t hp tc,
kinh t tp th, tng cng vai tr qun l cng ng , vai tr ca cc Hi, Hip hi ngnh
ngh trong sn xut thy sn., .
4.2. Mc tiu quy hoch
4.2.1. Mc tiu chung
Ngnh thy sn c bn c CNH-HH vo nm 2020, pht trin ton din theo
hng bn vng, thnh mt ngnh sn xut hng ha ln, c c cu v cc hnh thc t
chc sn xut hp l, c nng sut, cht lng, hiu qu, c thng hiu uy tn, c kh
nng cnh tranh cao v hi nhp vng chc vo nn kinh t quc t, khng ngng nng
cao trnh v mi mt vt cht, tinh thn, vn ha ca ng dn-nhng ngi lao ng
thy sn, gn vi bo v mi trng sinh thi, ngun li thy sn v quc phng, an ninh
vng bin, o ca T quc.
4.2.2 Mc tiu c th n 2020
+ Kinh t thy sn ng gp 30-35% GDP trong khi nng- lm- ng- dim nghip v
2,8-3,0% GDP ca nn kinh t quc dn.
57
Tc tng trng GDP ngnh thy sn bnh qun t 8-10%/nm.

Tc tng gi tr sn xut thy sn bnh qun t 10-12%/nm;
Tng gi tr kim ngch xut khu t 11 t USD vo nm 2020 v 20 t USD vo
nm 2030.
Tc tng trng gi tr xut khu bnh qun t 6-7%/nm.
+ Tng sn lng thy sn t 7,0 triu tn
Sn lng KTTS chim 30%; sn lng NTTS chim 70%.
+ To vic lm cho 5 triu lao ng ngh c c thu nhp bnh qun u ngi cao gp
3 ln hin nay.
+ Trn 70% s lao ng ngh c qua o to.
+ Xy dng cc lng c ven bin hi o theo m hnh cc lng x nng thn mi.
(1) Khai thc thy sn
- Tng sn lng khai thc thy sn t 2.400.000 tn, trong : sn lng khai thc
hi sn 2.200.000 tn v khai thc thy sn ni a 200.000 tn.
+ Sn lng khai thc hi sn xa b: 1.400.000 tn (bao gm 200.000 tn khai thc
t cc vng bin c).
+ Sn lng khai thc hi sn gn b: 800.000 tn.
- Gim tn tht sau thu hoch trong khai thc hi sn xung cn khong 10%.
- Pht trin khai thc vi i tu > 90 cv khong 28.000 chic, gim s tu thuyn
khai thc ven b, gim ngh khai thc xm hi ngun li.
(2) Nui trng thy sn
- Sn lng nui trng thy sn t 4,5 triu tn, tng bnh qun 5,2%/nm. Trong
:
+ C tra t 1,8 - 2 triu tn, tng bnh qun 4,8%/nm.
+ Tm nc l t 700.000 tn, tng bnh qun 5,76%/nm.
+ Nhuyn th hai v t 400.000 tn, tng bnh qun 16,0%/nm.
+ C bin t 200.000 tn, tng bnh qun 14,9%/nm.
+ C r phi t 150.000 tn, tng bnh qun 7,9%/nm.
+ Rong to bin t 100.000 tn, tng bnh qun 17,9%/nm.
+ Tm cng xanh t 60.000 tn, tng bnh qun 11,6%/nm.
(3) Ch bin v xut khu thy sn
- Tng sn lng thy sn qua ch bin t 2,95 triu tn. Trong :
+ Sn lng thy sn ch bin xut khu 2 triu tn;
- Gi tr kim ngch xut khu t 11 triu USD
- Tc tng gi tr kim ngch thy sn xut khu 7%/nm.
+ Sn lng thy sn ch bin tiu th ni a t 950 nghn tn; gi tr thy sn ch
bin tiu th ni a t 22.790 t ng, tc tng 5,79%/nm.
- Nng t trng sn phm gi tr gia tng t trn 60%.
58
(4) Tm nhn nm 2030

Ngnh thy sn hon thnh ton din s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha,
tng trng hng theo cht lng, pht trin n nh, bn vng. i sng ng dn v
lao ng thy sn m no, hnh phc.
C cu kinh t ngnh pht trin theo hng: sn lng KTTS khong 20% , sn
lng NTTS khong 80%.
Tc tng GDP ngnh thy sn bnh qun t 6-8%/nm.
Tc tng gi tr sn xut thy sn bnh qun t 8-10%/nm.
Tc tng gi tr xut khu bnh qun t 6-7%/nm.
T trng GDP thy sn trong Nng nghip t 35- 37% trong nn kinh t quc dn
khong 2,5-2,6%.
- Sn lng khai thc thy sn t 2.500.000 tn, (khai thc hi sn 2.300.000 tn v
khai thc thy sn ni a 200.000 tn).
- Gi n nh i tu khai thc hi sn trn 90 cv khong 30.000 chic.
- Tc tng gi tr sn xut khai thc thy sn t 17 - 18%/nm.
- Sn lng NTTS t 6,5 triu tn- Tc tng gi tr sn xut nui trng thy sn
t 4,5%/nm.
- Mc thm canh ha: t 35 - 40% din tch nui bn thm canh v thm canh.
- 100% din tch nui i tng ch lc p dng cc quy trnh sn xut tin tin.
- Gi tr kim ngch xut khu thy sn t 20 t USD.
4.3. Cc PA quy hoch pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm 2020, tm nhn 2030
4.3.1. Cc PA quy hoch pht trin lnh vc KTTS
Phng n 1: Pht trin ngnh khai thc thy sn vi vic tip tc gia tng s lng
tu thuyn nh bt, ng thi gii quyt c nhiu vic lm cho lao ng; Tng sn
lng khai thc, ko theo l tng nhanh v gi tr sn lng.
Phng n 1 c thc hin trong iu kin kinh t pht trin thun li; ngun ti
nguyn di do; u t quy m ln; t chu nh hng, tc ng t cc yu t mi trng
v bin i kh hu. Theo phng n 1, n nm 2020 cc ch tiu quy hoch c xc
nh (chi tit ti bng 35).
59
Bng 35. Phng n 1: quy hoch KTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)

TTTBQ %
TT
Danh mc
S tu thuyn
S tu xa b
Tng cng sut

CS i tu xa b
vt
chic
chic
Nm 2010 Nm 2015 Nm 2020 Nm 2030
20112015
20162020
128.449
18.063
134.000
27.000
142.000
30.000
150.000
35.000
0,8
8,4
1,2
2,1
Cv
Cv
6.500.000
3.215.214
6.950.000
4.600.000
7.500.000
5.500.000
8.000.000
6.200.000
1,3
7,4
1,5
3,6
SL khai thc
Sn lng hi sn
tn
tn
2.420.800
2.226.600
2.610.000
2.400.000
2.830.000
2.600.000
3.300.000
3.000.000
1,5
1,5
1,6
1,6
Sn lng ni a
tn
194.200
210.000
230.000
300.000
1,6
1,8
Lao ng nh c
ngi
750.000
770.000
800.000
900.000
0,5
0,8
L nh c xa b
ngi
170.000
250.000
280.000
320.000
8,0
2,3
Phng n 2: Pht trin ngnh khai thc thy sn vi quan im bn vng, bo v tt

ngun li thu sn; phn u t mc tng trng cao; gim dn tu thuyn v ngh
nghip khai thc ven b; pht trin khai thc xa b c hiu qu.
Theo phng n 2, n nm 2020 cc ch tiu quy hoch c xc nh chi tit ti
bng 36.
Bng 36. Phng n 2: quy hoch KTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n chn)
TTTBQ %
TT
1
Danh mc
vt
Nm 2010 Nm 2015 Nm 2020 Nm 2030
20112015
20162020
S tu thuyn
chic
128.449
115.000
95.000
85.000
-2,2
-3,7
S tu xa b
chic
18.063
25.000
26.000
27.000
6,7
0,8
Tng cng sut

CS i tu xa b
cv
cv
6.500.000
3.215.214
6.500.000
4.450.000
6.500.000
4.800.000
6.700.000
5.200.000
0,0
6,7
0,0
1,5
SL khai thc
Sn lng hi sn
tn
tn
2.420.800
2.226.600
2.200.000
2.000.000
2.400.000
2.200.000
2.500.000
2.300.000
-1,9
-2,1
1,8
1,9
Sn lng ni a
tn
194.200
200.000
200.000
200.000
0,6
0,0
Lao ng nh c
ngi
750.000
670.000
600.000
600.000
-2,2
-2,2
L nh c xa b
ngi
170.000
220.000
230.000
240.000
5,3
0,9
Phng n 3: Pht trin ngnh khai thc thy sn vi vic ct gim mnh s lng
tu thuyn khai thc ven b, loi b nhng ngh km hiu qu, gy xm hi ngun li,
tng bc pht trin i tu khai thc xa b.
Theo phng n 3, n nm 2020 cc ch tiu quy hoch c xc nh chi tit ti
bng 37.
60
Bng 37. Phng n 3 quy hoch KTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)

TTTBQ %
TT
Danh mc
S tu thuyn
S tu xa b
Tng cng sut

CS i tu xa b
vt
chic
chic
Nm 2010 Nm 2015 Nm 2020 Nm 2030
20112015
20162020
128.449
18.063
100.000
22.000
85.000
24.000
70.000
25.000
-4,9
4,0
-3,2
1,8
cv
cv
6.500.000
3.215.214
6.300.000
4.600.000
6.000.000
4.800.000
6.000.000
5.000.000
-0,6
7,4
-1,0
0,9
SL khai thc
Sn lng hi sn
tn
tn
2.420.800
2.226.600
2.090.000
1.900.000
2.295.000
2.100.000
2.600.000
2.400.000
-2,9
-3,1
1,9
2,0
Sn lng ni a
tn
194.200
190.000
195.000
200.000
-0,4
0,5
Lao ng nh c
ngi
750.000
620.000
550.000
500.000
-3,7
-2,4
L nh c xa b
ngi
170.000
200.000
210.000
220.000
3,3
1,0
Lun chng phng n la chn: So snh 3 phng n, cho thy c s khc nhau
v tc tng trng, nng lc tu thuyn, sn lng khai thc v lao ng nh c. Vi
nhng phn tch v nhn nh cho 3 phng n pht trin, la chn phng n 2 lm
phng n tnh ton cho thi k pht trin giai on 2011 - 2020. Tuy nhin gia cc
phng n pht trin c ranh gii mm, c th thay i gia cc phng n cho ph hp
vi tnh hnh pht trin ca tng giai on.
4.3.2. Cc PA quy hoch pht trin lnh vc NTTS
(1) Phng n I: Pht trin NTTS trong iu kin km thun li
- Giai on 2010-2020, sn phm thy sn ca Vit Nam gp phi s cnh tranh
gay gt ca cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii; ngun vn u t b hn ch; tnh
trng nhim mi trng nc sng rch xy ra trn din rng v cc gii php khc phc
khng trit ; ri ro do thin tai, dch bnh vn xy ra...; bin i kh hu tc ng mnh,
tiu cc ti hot ng ca cc ngnh kinh t trong vng BSH, BSCL trong c lnh
vc NTTS; h thng cng trnh nui, c s h tng cha c p ng y , cc dch
bnh cha c nghin cu v c phng php phng tr trit . Vi iu kin nh trn
cc ch tiu quy hoch c th sau (chi tit ti bng 38).
(2) Phng n II: Pht trin NTTS trong iu kin tng i thun li v duy tr
tc pht trin nh giai on 2001-2010
- Giai on 2012-2020, sn phm thy sn ca Vit Nam tip tc gp phi s cnh
tranh v th trng tiu th ca cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii; ngun vn u t
v kh nng thu ht vn u t hn ch. Vn cn tnh trng u t nh git, dn tri cha
trng tm, trng im; tnh trng nhim mi trng nc trn cc sng rch vn din ra
m nguyn nhn chnh l do cht thi t hot ng ca cc ngnh kinh t v cc gii php
khc phc khng trit . Cng tc kim tra, gim st c tng cng, song vn cn
nhiu bt cp; tn sut ri ro do thin tai, dch bnh,.vn din ra v bin php phng
61
nga, thch ng ch t hiu qu thp; tc ng ca bin i kh hu c nh gi

lng ghp, thch ng, tuy nhin cha c cc bin php, gii php c th; h thng cng
trnh nui, c s h tng c nng cp, song vn cha p ng y nhu cu sn xut,
dch bnh mi cha c nghin cu kp thi v a ra cc gii php phng tr trit ;
cng tc qun l v t chc b my tng bc c kin ton, song trin khai chm v
ngun lc hot ng hn ch. Vi iu kin trn cc ch tiu quy hoch s t c (c th
ti bng 39).
(3). Phng n III: Pht trin NTTS trong iu kin thun li hn so vi giai
on 2001-2010
-Nhu cu tiu th cc sn phm thy sn tng mnh do tng trng kinh t ca th gii
v cc nc nhp khu thy sn, y chnh l ng lc ngh NTTS pht trin mnh; cc
cng trnh thy li v h tng c s phc v cho NTTS c bn c u t hon thin p
ng nhu cu sn xut thng qua cc chng trnh, d n kh thi. c bit cc vng nui
tp trung i tng ch lc c u t v hon thin trc cc vng nui khc; nghin cu
kp thi v a ra cc phng php phng tr bnh cho cc ng vt NTTS hiu qu; tn sut
gp ri ro do thin tai mc thp. xy dng c cc kch bn chi tit thch ng vi tc
ng ca BKH; ap dng c cc tin b ca khoa hc k thut nng cao nng sut v
sn lng, a c nhiu i tng mi c gi tr kinh t vo sn xut nhm a dng ha
cc ging loi thy sn nui, gim cc ri ro v th trng, dch bnh; c s phi hp
qun l v hp tc sn xut cht ch gia cc ban ngnh, m bo hn ch n mc thp nht
nh hng xu, tc ng tiu cc, km hm ln nhau m thc y nhau cng pht trin trong
trng thi n nh, bn vng. Vi cc iu kin trn cc ch tiu quy hoch theo phng n
ny s t c (c th ti bng 42).
Lun chng phng n la chn: Nu xt v thc t v ngun lc v kh nng
xut khu cc i tng c gi tr kinh t th thy c s khc bit v tc tng trng v
u t. Tc tng trng trong phng n 1 l thp hn so vi phng n 2, 3. Mt s
i tng ch lc nh c bin, rong bin, c r phi kh t c cc ch tiu t ra do cc
yu t v ging, th trng tiu thPhng n 2 vn l phng n c kh nng thc hin
cao hn phng n 3 do xc nh cc iu kin bt li pht trin nh tnh hnh dch
bnh ngy cng din ra nhiu, s kh khn v vn u t cho sn xut ca ngi nui, cc
ro cn thng mi i vi xut khu cc i tng ch lc nh tm s, c tra ng thi
phng n 2 cng ph hp vi iu kin kinh t x hi ca nc ta hin nay.
Nh vy c th thy Phng n 2 c tc tng trng ph hp, c xut la
chn tnh ton trong qu trnh pht trin; phng n 1 d phng trong iu kin khng
thun li v phng n 3 phn u trong iu kin thun li.
62
Bng 38. Phng n I: Quy hoch NTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)

TT
1
1.1
Danh mc
Din tch nui
Mn l
Tm s
Tm chn trng
C bin
Nhuyn th
Rong bin
Hi sn khc
Nui lng b
1.2
Nc ngt
C tra
R phi
Tm cng xanh
C truyn thng
Thy sn khc
Nui lng b
2
2.1
Sn lng nui
SL nui mn l
2.2
3
4
5
6
Tm s
Tm chn trng
C bin
Nhuyn th
Rong bin
Hi sn khc
Nui lng b
Sn lng nui ngt
C tra
R phi
Tm cng xanh
C truyn thng
Thy sn khc
Nui lng b
Nhu cu ging
Gi tr sn xut
Gi so snh
Gi hin hnh
Gi tr KNXK
Nhu cu lao ng
vt
HT 2010
QH 2015
1.095.618
705.524
622.118
22.192
3.803
23.930
3.960
32.741
70.271
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ci
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ci
m3
Tn
1.100.000
675.400
560.000
40.000
5.400
33.000
7.000
30.000
68.080
4.084.800
424.600
9.000
19.800
24.270
351.530
20.000
23.100
924.000
3.200.000
988.000
1.150.000
692.200
540.000
60.000
7.200
45.000
8.000
32.000
80.300
4.818.000
457.800
11.000
29.600
32.060
356.000
29.140
23.700
948.000
4.050.000
1.404.000
339.473
124.315
8.276
135.011
19.256
43.967
22.606
2.049.984
1.038.256
40.955
6.526
444.895
476.360
42.992
-
350.000
180.000
30.000
200.000
50.000
73.000
105.000
2.212.000
1.200.000
78.600
36.400
792.500
43.900
60.600
370.000
310.000
120.000
300.000
100.000
62.000
142.000
2.646.000
1.500.000
150.000
60.000
804.300
75.400
56.300
37.451,50
84.058,40
42.500
205.500
4500
3.000.000
50.100
330.700
6.500
3.400.000
390.094
5.434
8.262
8.189
222.500
145.709
18.224
2.742.888
692.904
Tr. con
T ng
T ng
Triu USD
Ngi
63
QH 2020
Bng 39. Phng n II: Quy hoch NTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n chn)
TT
1
1.1
Danh mc
Din tch nui
Mn l
Tm s
Tm chn trng
C bin
Nhuyn th
Rong bin
Hi sn khc
Nui lng b
1.2
Nc ngt
C tra
R phi
Tm cng xanh
C truyn thng
Thy sn khc
Nui lng b
2
2.1
Sn lng nui
Sn lng nui mn l
Tm s
Tm chn trng
C bin
Nhuyn th
Rong bin
Hi sn khc
Nui lng b
Sn lng nui ngt
C tra
R phi
Tm cng xanh
C truyn thng
Thy sn khc
Nui lng b
Nhu cu ging
Gi tr sn xut
Gi so snh
Gi hin hnh
Gi tr KNXK
Nhu cu lao ng
2.2
3
4
5
6
n v
2010
1.095.618
705.524
622.118
22.192
3.803
23.930
3.960
32.741
70.271
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ci
m3
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ci
m3
Tn
390.094
5.434
8.262
8.189
222.500
145.709
18.224
2.742.888
692.904
339.473
124.315
8.276
135.011
19.256
43.967
22.606
2.049.984
1.038.256
40.955
6.526
444.895
476.360
42.992
Tn
Triu con
T ng
T ng
Triu USD
ngi
37.451,5
84.058,4
64
2015
1.140.000
716.600
584.300
40.000
5.400
43.320
7.080
36.500
68.080
4.084.800
423.400
11.000
19.720
24.270
351.570
16.840
23.100
924.000
3.600.000
1.158.000
382.200
200.000
54.000
285.050
56.900
73.000
106.850
2.442.000
1.430.000
78.600
36.400
792.500
43.900
60.600
2020
1.200.000
740.000
570.000
60.000
7.270
55.330
8.870
38.530
80.300
4.818.000
460.000
13.000
29.600
32.060
356.100
29.240
23.700
948.000
4.500.000
1.550.000
390.000
310.000
145.500
400.000
100.000
62.500
142.000
2.950.000
1.800.000
150.000
60.000
808.300
75.400
56.300
45.390
230.897
5000
3.000.000
54.780
362.781
7.200
3.500.000
Bng 40. Phng n III: Quy hoch NTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)
Danh mc
Din tch nui
Mn l
Tm s
Tm chn trng
C bin
Nhuyn th
Rong bin
Hi sn khc
Nui lng b
n v
1.2
Nc ngt
C tra
R phi
Tm cng xanh
C truyn thng
Thy sn khc
Nui lng b
2
2.1
Sn lng nui
SL nui mn l
Tm s
Tm chn trng
C bin
Nhuyn th
Rong bin
Hi sn khc
Nui lng b
Sn lng nui ngt
C tra
R phi
Tm cng xanh
C truyn thng
Thy sn khc
Nui lng b
Nhu cu ging
Gi tr sn xut
Gi so snh
Gi hin hnh
Gi tr KNXK
Nhu cu lao ng
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ci
m3
Tn
TT
1
1.1
2.2
3
4
5
6
HT 2010
1.095.618
705.524
622.118
22.192
3.803
23.930
3.960
32.741
70.271
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ci
390.094
5.434
8.262
8.189
222.500
145.709
18.224
2.742.888
692.904
339.473
124.315
8.276
135.011
19.256
43.967
22.606
2.049.984
1.038.256
40.955
6.526
444.895
476.360
42.992
-
Tr. con
T ng
T ng
Triu USD
Ngi
37.451,5
84.058,4
65
QH 2015
1.140.000
716.600
573.900
50.400
8.000
43.320
7.080
33.900
75.100
4.506.000
423.400
11.000
23.800
27.600
335.770
25.230
23.100
924.000
3.870.000
1.394.000
422.000
252.000
80.000
365.700
85.000
68.000
121.300
2.476.000
1.430.000
103.300
48.700
765.900
67.500
60.600
QH 2020
1.200.000
740.000
558.750
71.280
10.500
55.330
8.870
35.270
90.000
5.400.000
460.000
13.000
33.750
38.620
335.330
39.300
23.700
948.000
5.000.000
1.900.000
434.400
380.000
210.000
490.000
150.000
70.600
165.000
3.100.000
1.830.000
173.000
85.700
834.300
120.000
57.000
50.107
258.795
6.000
3.150.000
63.110
529.094
8.000
3.650.000
4.3.3. Cc PA quy hoch pht trin lnh vc CBTS

Phng n I
n nm 2020, sn lng thy sn CBXK t 1,81 triu tn v gi tr KNXK t 8
t USD, vi TTBQ tng ng t 1,94%/nm v 3,03%/nm. Sn lng thy sn CBN
t 830 ngn tn vi gi tr t 18.310 t ng vi TTBQ tng ng 2,27%/nm v
5,31%/nm. c th t c ch tiu ny cn c ngun nguyn liu cho CBTS l 3 triu
tn /nm vo nm 2015 v 3,5 triu tn/nm vo nm 2020. iu kin nn kinh t th gii
phc hi chm cc nc pht trin, sc tiu th cc sn phm thy sn gi thp tng ln
cc th trng ny. Cnh tranh i vi c tra s ngy cng tng trn cc th trng truyn
thng EU, M v mt s th trng khc; trong khi cc DNCB c tra ca Vit Nam vn
ang cn phi khi phc li uy tn cho sn phm ny v nh nc ang h tr t chc li
ngnh hng ny theo hng m bo cht lng v ch bin gia tng gi tr.
Bng 41. Phng n I: Quy hoch CBTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)
Ch tiu
vt
Nm
2015
Nm
2020
TTBQ (%/nm)
2016- 20112011-2015
2020
2020
1. CBTS xut khu

Sn lng
Gi tr
2. CBTS tiu th ni a
Nghn tn
Tr.USD
1.550
6.500
1.810
8.000
0,46
1,53
3,15
4,24
1,94
3,03
Sn lng
Nghn tn
740
830
2,21
2,32
2,27
Gi tr
T ng
15.160
18.310
7,16
3,85
5,31
3 . Nhu cu nguyn liu
Nghn tn
4.530
5.220
5,76
2,88
4,15
- Cho ch bin xut khu
Nghn tn
3.490
4.020
8,14
2,87
5,18
- Cho ch bin ni a
4. Kh nng cung cp trong
nc, trong :
T khai thc
Nghn tn
1.040
1.200
-0,67
2,90
1,30
Nghn tn
4.000
4.640
2,52
3,01
2,79
Nghn tn
1.260
1.260
-2,21
0,00
-0,99
T nui trng
Nghn tn
2.740
3.380
7,19
4,29
5,57
Nhp khu
Nghn tn
530
580
33,36
1,82
14,80
Nghn tn
2.010
2.070
1,02
0,59
0,78
-0,92
2,02
0,70
5. Nng lc ch bin
Cng sut thit b cp ng
Hiu sut s dng thit b
76
84
6. T trng sn phm GTGT
50-60
60-70
Phng n II (phng n chn).

Theo phng n ny, n nm 2020 sn lng thy sn CBXK t 2,0 triu tn v
gi tr KNXK t 10,75 t USD, vi TTBQ tng ng t 3,08 %/nm v 6,47%/nm.
Sn lng thy sn CBN t 950 ngn tn vi gi tr t 22.790 t ng vi TTBQ
tng ng 3,82%/nm v 7,9%/nm. Trong iu kin nn kinh t th gii tng trng
nhanh hn d kin, nhu cu thy sn gia tng nhanh hn c cc nc v ang pht
trin, c bit th trng Trung Quc, n v ng nam .
66
Bng 42. Phng n II: Quy hoch CBTS n nm 2020 (Phng n chn)
Ch tiu
vt
Nm
2015
Nm
2020
TTBQ (%/nm)
2011-2015
20162020
20112020
1 CBTS xut khu

Sn lng
Nghn tn
1.660
2.000
2,19
3,80
3,08
Gi tr
Tr.USD
7.500
10.750
5,23
7,47
6,47
810
950
4,55
3,24
3,82
17.510
22.790
11,09
5,41
7,90
2. CBTS tiu th ni a
Sn lng
Nghn tn
Gi tr
T ng

Nghn tn
4.650
5.640
6,45
3,94
5,05
Nghn tn
3.170
3.800
5,57
3,69
4,52
- Cho ch bin ni a
Nghn tn
1.450
1.840
7,93
4,88
6,23

nc, trong :
Nghn tn
4.000
4.640
2,52
3,01
2,79
- T nui trng
Nghn tn
1.260
1.260
-2,21
0,00
-0,99
- T khai thc
Nghn tn
2.740
3.380
7,19
4,29
5,57
- Nhp khu
Nghn tn
650
1.000
40,35
9,00
21,96
Nghn tn
2.050
2.125
1,52
0,72
1,08
-0,27
2,98
1,52
5. Nng lc ch bin
78
90
50-60
60-70
Phng n III
n nm 2020, sn lng thy sn CBXK t 2,1 triu tn v gi tr KNXK t 12
t USD, vi TTBQ tng ng t 3,64%/nm v 7,77%/nm. Sn lng thy sn CBN
t 950 ngn tn vi gi tr t 22.860 t ng vi TTBQ tng ng 5,5%/nm v
6,54%/nm. Trong iu kin th trng rt thun li gi thy sn tng cao trn th trng
th gii. CBTSXK ca Vit Nam s c iu kin ch ng ng ph, vt qua cc ro
cn k thut, ro cn thng mi ca th trng cc nc NKTS
Lun chng phng n la chn: Trong bi cnh hin nay, khi sn phm thy
sn ngy cng c a dng, c xp vo loi thc phm c gi tr dinh dng sinh hc
cao, gi ngy cng tng, ng thi thy sn c li th pht trin nc ta trn nhiu
phng din (thi tit, mt nc, a dng ging loi), cng vi nhiu n lc m Chnh
ph, nng ng dn v ngnh CBTS phn u t c trong nhiu nm qua, th phng n
c chn pht trin cho giai on 2011-2020 ca quy hoch ny l phng n II, cc
quy hoch chi tit di y s c xy dng theo phng n II. Phng n I v III s
c s dng tham kho ra quyt nh khi thc tin pht trin khc so vi phng n II.
67
Bng 43. Phng n III: Quy hoch CBTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)
Ch tiu
1. CBTS xut khu
Sn lng
Gi tr
2. CBTS tiu th ni a
Sn lng
Gi tr
- Cho ch bin ni a
nc, trong :
vt
Nm
2015
Nm
2020
TTBQ (%/nm)
201620112011-2015
2020
2020
Nghn tn
Tr.USD
1.820
8.000
2.100
12.000
4,57
6,94
2,90
8,45
3,64
7,77
Nghn tn
T ng
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
840
18.340
5.090
3.520
1.570
950
22.860
6.040
4.150
1.890
5,50
12,38
8,89
8,37
10,10
2,49
4,50
3,48
3,35
3,78
3,82
7,93
5,85
5,55
6,54
Nghn tn
4.000
4.640
2,52
3,01
2,79
- T nui trng
Nghn tn
1.260
1.260
-2,21
0,00
-0,99
- T khai thc
- Nhp khu
5. Nng lc ch bin
Nghn tn
Nghn tn
2.740
1.090
3.380
1.400
7,19
59,71
4,29
5,13
5,57
26,60
Nghn tn
%
%
2.180
78
50-60
2.250
84
70-80
3,09
-0,27
0,63
1,49
1,72
0,70
4.4. Quy hoch pht trin cc lnh vc n nm 2020, nh hng 2030

4.4.1. Quy hoch pht trin lnh vc KTTS
4.4.1.1. Quy hoch sn lng KTTS
Cn c iu tra ngun li, tng tr lng ngun li hi snl 5.075.143 tn v kh
nng khai thc ti a cho php l 2.147.444 tn vng bin Vit Nam.
V sn lng KTTS c xu hng gim nh trong giai on quy hoch, gim bnh
qun 0,1%/nm (2010-2020) v c xu hng tng khong 0,45%/nm (2020-2030), gi n
nh sn lng khai thc ni a mc 0,2 triu tn/nm.
V i tng khai thc c quy hoch tng mnh sn lng khai thc xa b, gim
gn b, tng mnh i tng c gi tr kinh t cao nh c ng, mc cc loi, v gim
mnh sn lng tm v c tp cc loi. Vic quy hoch phi hp l i vi ngun li thy
sn vng bin nc ta trong giai on quy hoch (chi tit quy hoch sn lng v i
tng KTTS ti bng 44).
68
Bng 44. Quy hoch sn lng khai thc thy sn

TT
Danh mc
Sn lng KTTS
Sn lng hi sn
Sn lng ni a
Sn lng theo loi
Sn lng c
C Ng i dng
Sn lng mc
Sn lng tm
Sn lng TS khc
SLHS theo tuyn
Sn lng xa b
Sn lng gn b
vt
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Nm 2010 Nm 2015 Nm 2020 Nm 2030

2.420.800
2.226.600
194.200
2.420.800
1.648.200
8.400
120.000
169.000
483600
2.226.600
1.100.000
1.126.600
2.200.000
2.000.000
200.000
2.200.000
1.800.000
12.000
150.000
100.000
150000
2.200.000
1.300.000
900.000
2.400.000
2.200.000
200.000
2.400.000
2.000.000
15.000
200.000
50.000
150000
2.200.000
1.400.000
800.000
2.500.000
2.300.000
200.000
2.500.000
2.100.000
17.000
200.000
60.000
140.000
2.300.000
1.500.000
800.000
TTTBQ %
2011- 20162015 2020
-1,9
1,8
-2,1
1,9
0,6
0,0
-1,9
1,8
1,8
2,1
7,4
4,6
4,6
5,9
-10,0 -12,9
-20,9
0,0
-0,2
0,0
3,4
1,5
-4,4
-2,3
Tng t cc vng bin c quy hoch theo xu hng gim trong giai on
2010-2020, v tng nh giai on 2020-2030, do ngun li c ti to, phc hi. C
th quy hoch sn lng cho tng vng bin ti bng 45 .
Bng 45. Quy hoch sn lng khai thc hi sn theo vng
TT
Vng bin
vt
1
2
3
4
Vnh Bc B
Trung B
ng Nam B
Ty Nam B
C nc
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Tn
Nm 2010 Nm 2015 Nm 2020 Nm 2030

387.535
710.341
640884
487.841
2.226.600
345.000
640.000
580.000
435.000
2.000.000
380.000
700.000
635.000
485.000
2.200.000
400.000
735.000
660.000
505.000
2.300.000
TTTBQ %
2011- 20162015 2020
-2,3
2,0
-2,1
1,8
-2,0
1,8
-2,3
2,2
-2,1
1,9
4.4.1.2. Quy hoch ngh nghip KTTS

V ngh nghip KTTS, c quy hoch pht trin nh sau: h li ko s gim
mnh trong giai on quy hoch, bnh qun gim 6,35%/nm (2010-2020) v gim thm
4,48%/nm (2020-2030). y l ngh khng khuyn khch pht trin. H li r gim
bnh qun 0,56%/nm (2010-2020) v gim 0,25%/nm (2020-2030). H li vy tng
chm, bnh qun tng 0,72%/nm (2010-2020), v c gi n nh n nm 2030. Ngh
cu tng bnh qun 0,55%/nm (2010-2020) v c gi n nh n nm 2030. Ngh v,
mnh gim bnh qun 10,88%/nm (2010-2020) v gim 6,03%/nm (2020-2030). Ngh
c nh gim 14,83%/nm (2010-2020) v gim 7,41%/nm (2020-2030). Ngh khc gim
bnh qun 16,03%/nm (2010-2020) v gim 13,73%/nm (2020-2030). Nhng ngh c
xu hng gim trong giai on quy hoch l nhng ngh gy xm phm ngun li v
nhng ngh th gii cm, v vy khng quy hoch pht trin cc loi ngh ny.
69
Bng 46. Quy hoch c cu ngh khai thc thy sn

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Loi ngh
Li ko
Li r
Li vy
Ngh cu
V, mnh
C nh
Ngh khc
Tng s
vt
Nm
2010
Nm
2015
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
22.554
47.312
6.188
21.896
9.872
4.240
16.387
128.449
18.000
46.000
6.500
22.500
7.000
3.000
12.000
11.5000
Nm
2020
Nm
2030
12.500
45.000
6.600
23.000
3.500
1.000
3.400
95.000
8.000
44.000
6.600
23.000
2.000
500
900
85.000
TTTBQ %
2011- 20162015
2020
-4,41
-7,03
-0,56
-0,44
0,99
0,31
0,55
0,44
-6,64 -12,94
-6,69 -19,73
-6,04 -22,29
-2,19
-3,75
Tng t, quy hoch ngh nghip KTTS cc vng bin trn c nc cng theo hng
gim mnh cc loi ngh gy xm phm ngun li, ngh th cng, ngh th gii cm. C
th quy hoch ngh nghip KTTS theo vng bin ti bng 47 .
Bng 47. Quy hoch c cu ngh khai thc thy sn theo vng bin n nm 2020
TT
Loi ngh
vt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Li ko
Li r
Li vy
Ngh cu
V, mnh
C nh
Ngh khc
Tng s
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
VBB
4.400
18.000
450
5.800
2.000
1.500
2.850
35.000
Nm 2015
MT
NB
5.300
5.300
19.000
1.400
5.000
550
11.000
2.100
2.000
3.000
400
500
4.300
4.150
47.000 17.000
TNB
3.000
7.600
500
3.600
600
700
16.000
VBB
3.200
16.000
550
6.000
600
600
1.050
28.000
Nm 2020
MT
NB
4.000
2.800
16.000
5.300
5.100
350
10.000
3.200
500
2.400
200
400
1.750
36.000 16.000
TNB
2.500
7.700
600
3.800
200
200
15.000
Tng t, vic cn i ngh nghip KTTS theo nhm cng sut cng theo hng
tng nhm ngh c cng sut ln, khai thc tuyn lng v tuyn khi, gim tu thuyn
nh gn b c cng sut nh. C th quy hoch nhm cng sut theo ngh (chi tit ti
bng 48 ).
Bng 48. Quy hoch c cu ngh khai thc theo cng sut n nm 2020
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Loi ngh
Li ko
Li r
Li vy
Ngh cu
V, mnh
C nh
Ngh khc
Tng s
vt
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
Chic
< 20 cv
2.000
30.000
150
7.000
2.000
1.500
4.350
47.000
Nm 2015
20-90 cv
9.000
10.000
3.850
11.400
2.650
1.100
5.000
43.000
70
> 90 cv
7.000
6.000
2.500
4.100
2.350
400
2.650
25.000
< 20 cv
700
23.000
220
5.000
500
580
30.000
Nm 2020
20-90 cv > 90 cv
6.500
5.300
13.000
9.000
4.200
2.180
12.000
6.000
800
2.200
750
250
1.750
1.070
39.000
26.000
4.4.1.3. Quy hoch tu thuyn KTTS

Cn c vo xu hng pht trin ngnh KTTS giai on 2001-2011, n nm 2020,
tng s tu thuyn KTTS t 95 nghn chic, gim 33,44 nghn chic so vi nm 2010,
bnh qun giai on 2010-2020 gim 3,3%/nm, n nm 2030 gim xung cn 85 nghn
chic, bnh qun gim 1,2%/nm (2020-2030).
Bng 49. Quy hoch tu thuyn khai thc thy sn n nm 2020, nh hng 2030
TT
1
2
3
Danh mc
vt
Nm 2010 Nm 2015 Nm 2020
TTTBQ %
Nm
2030
20112015
20162020
Tng s tu c
Chic
128.449
115.000
95.000
85.000
-2,2
-3,7
Loi < 20 cv
Chic
64.802
47.000
30.000
23.000
-6,2
-8,6
Loi 20 - 90 cv
Chic
45.584
43.000
39.000
35.000
-1,2
-1,9
Loi > 90 cv
Chic
18.063
25.000
26.000
27.000
6,7
0,8
Tng cng sut
Cv
6.500.000
6.500.000
6.500.000
6.700.000
0,0
0,0
Csut xa b
Cv
3.215.214
4.450.000
4.800.000
5.200.000
6,7
1,5
BQ cng sut
Cv/ch
50,6
56,5
68,4
78,8
2,2
3,9
BQCS xa b
Cv/ch
178,0
178,0
184,6
192,6
0,0
0,7
Quy hoch tu thuyn theo tng vng bin theo xu hng gim qua cc nm. Bnh
qun giai on 2001-2020 vng bin Vnh Bc B gim 3,98%/nm, vng bin Trung B
gim 4,43%/nm, vng bin ng Nam B gim 0,86%/nm, vng bin Ty Nam B
gim 1,19%/nm. V giai on 2020-2030 vng bin Vnh Bc B gim 2,4%/nm, vng
bin Trung B gim 0,96%/nm, vng bin ng Nam B gim 0,71%/nm, v vng bin
Ty Nam B gim 1,23%/nm.
Bng 50. Quy hoch tu thuyn khai thc theo vng n nm 2020, nh hng 2030
TT
Vng bin
vt
Nm
2010
Nm
2015
Nm
2020
Nm
2030
TTTBQ %
Vnh Bc B
Chic
40.339
35.000
28.000
22.500
20112015
-2,80
20162020
-4,36
Trung B
Chic
54.111
47.000
36.000
33.000
-2,78
-5,19
ng Nam B
Chic
17.300
17.000
16.000
15.000
-0,35
-1,21
Ty Nam B
Chic
16.699
16.000
15.000
14.500
-0,85
-1,28
C nc
Chic
128.449
115.000
95.000
85.000
-2,19
-3,75
Ring i vi tu c c cng sut trn 90CV, y l i tu c c khuyn khch

pht trin khai thc vng lng v tuyn khi v vy c quy hoch pht trin cc
vng bin (Chi tit ti bng 51).
71
Bng 51. Quy hoch tu c > 90 cv theo vng bin n nm 2020, nh hng 2030
TT
Vng bin
vt
Nm 2010 Nm 2015 Nm 2020
Nm
2030
TTTBQ %
2011-2015 2016-2020
Vnh Bc B
Chic
2.892
4.200
4.400
4.500
7,7
0,9
Trung B
Chic
5.243
7.000
7.200
7.500
6,0
0,6
ng Nam B Chic
5.435
7.300
7.600
7.900
6,1
0,8
Ty Nam B
Chic
4.493
6.500
6.800
7.100
7,7
0,9
Chic
18.063
25.000
26.000 27.000
6,7
0,8
C nc
4.4.1.4. Quy hoch phn vng khai thc

Thc hin phn vng, phn tuyn hot ng khai thc thy sn theo quy nh ti
Ngh nh 33/2010/N-CP ngy 31/3/2010 ca Chnh ph nh sau:
- Tu c c cng sut my chnh t 90 cv tr ln khai thc thy sn ti vng khi v
vng bin xa, khng c khai thc thy sn ti vng bin ven b v vng lng.
- Tu c c cng sut my chnh t 20 n nh hn 90 cv khai thc thy sn ti vng
lng v vng khi, khng c khai thc thy sn ti vng bin ven b v vng bin xa.
- Tu c c cng sut my chnh nh hn 20 cv hoc khng lp my khai thc thy
sn ti vng bin ven b, khng c khai thc thy sn ti vng lng, vng khi v vng
bin xa.
- Tu lm ngh li vy c ni nh, ngh khai thc nhuyn th khng b gii hn
cng sut khi hot ng khai thc trong vng bin ven b v vng lng.
- Tu c di 20 cv hoc khng lp my ng k ti tnh th ch c khai thc thy
sn ti vng bin ven b ca tnh.
Cc ngh v loi tu khai thc thu sn b cm hot ng trong mt s tuyn khai
thc:
+ Vng b cm cc ngh li ko (tr li ko moi/ruc), ngh kt hp nh sng
(tr ngh r, cu tay mc) v cc ngh khc m UBND tnh quy nh; cc ngh khai thc
thy sn s dng tu c c cng sut my chnh hoc chiu di ng nc thit k ln
hn quy nh ti Ngh nh s 33/2010/N-CP ca Chnh ph.
+ Ti vng lng cm cc ngh kt hp nh sng s dng cng sut ngun sng trn
5.000 W; cc ngh khai thc thy sn s dng tu c c cng sut my ln hn quy nh
ti Ngh nh s 33/2010/N-CP ca Chnh ph.
UBND tnh, thnh ph ven bin v cc tnh ven bin tip gip cn c vo c im
c th v a l ca vng bin ven b hip thng xc nh v cng b ranh gii vng
khai thc thy sn ven b gia hai tnh. ng ranh gii qun l cn n nh v d nhn
bit mi ngi chp hnh v cc c quan qun l c cn c x l vi phm.
ngh phn chia v phn cp qun l khai thc trn cc vng bin nh sau:
+ Vng ven b: Tng bc phn cp cho cng ng ng dn ven bin qun l.
Tuyn ven b chia thnh hai phn tuyn vi vic b tr phng thc khai thc khc nhau:
- Vng I: gii hn t ng b ti ng cch ng b 3 hi l, l gii hn i
rng ngp mn. Trong phn tuyn ny ch yu s dng nui trng thu sn. Hn ch
vic khai thc vng bin ny.
72
- Vng II: gii hn t ng cch ng b 3 hi l n ng cch ng b 6 hi

l. Trong vng bin ny c nhiu bi ca mt s loi hi sn qu cn c bo v.
+ Vng lng: do UBND cc tnh, thnh ph ven bin qun l.
+ Vng khi: do Trung ng qun l.
+ Vng bin ngoi vng bin VN l vng bin nm ngoi vng c quyn kinh t
ca Vit Nam. Mi hot ng khai thc vng bin ny phi tun th cc iu c quc
t v cc hip nh m Chnh ph Vit Nam k kt.
4.4.1.5. Quy hoch KHTS ni a
Trn c s iu tra tng th ngun li thy sn cc thy vc t nhin ni a v cng
tc bo v, ti to ngun li quy hoch v khai thc hp l. Bo v ngun li thy sn
v pht trin ngh khai thc thy sn ni a bn vng, trnh khai thc qu mc, khai thc
hy dit v c nhng c th cha trng thnh, ch gi mc sn lng khai thc thy sn
ni a khong 200.000 tn vo nm 2020.
4.4.1.6. Quy hoch c s h tng dch v hu cn ngh c
Cn c vo s liu tu thuyn c quy hoch, vic quy hoch c s hu cn
ngh c theo hng bo m cho nhu cu tu c ca ng dn tt c cc vng bin c th
ra vo, bc d sn phm, cung cp cc nhu yu phm cn thit cho ra khi, c th vic
quy hoch c s dch v hu cn ngh c theo tng vng bin chi tit nh bng 52.
Bng 52. Quy hoch cng c, bn c n 2020
TT
1
2
3
4
Vng bin
Vnh Bc B
Trung B
ng Nam B
Ty Nam B
C nc
Tng
s
65
73
45
28
211
Phn theo tuyn

Tuyn
Tuyn b
o
56
9
64
9
43
2
15
13
178
33
Phn loi theo quy m

Cng c
Cng c
Bn
loi I
loi II
c
4
24
37
4
41
28
5
22
18
2
9
17
15
96
100
Vit Nam, nm trong vng kh hu nhit i, gi ma, hng nm vng bin

thng xuyn gnh chu cc con bo nhit i b , gy ra nhng thit hi v tu thuyn
v ngi trong lnh vc KTTS, v vy cn phi quy hoch khu neo u, trnh tr bo. C
th quy hoch khu neo u trnh tr bo cho tu c theo tng vng bin nh bng 53.
TT
1
2
3
4
Bng 53. Quy hoch khu neo u tu c n 2020

Phn theo tuyn bin
Tng
Vng bin
s
Tuyn b
Tuyn o
Vnh Bc B
35
32
3
Trung B
57
52
5
ng Nam B
23
21
2
Ty Nam B
16
9
7
C nc
131
114
17
73
4.4.2. Quy hoch pht trin lnh vc NTTS

4.4.2.1. Quy hoch din tch v sn lng NTTS
n nm 2020 quy hoch din tch NTTS t 1,2 triu ha. Trong , vng BSH
khong 154,76 nghn ha, TDMNPB khong 60,72 nghn ha, BTB&DHMT 121,7 nghn ha,
Ty Nguyn 21,86 nghn ha, NB khong 52,5 nghn ha, v vng BSCL khong 788,46
nghn ha (chi tit ti bng 54 ). V sn lng, n nm 2020 ton ngnh t khong 4,5
triu tn. Trong , vng BSH khong 613,39 nghn tn, TDMNPB khong 137,94
nghn tn, BTB v DHMT 518,61 nghn tn, Ty Nguyn 44,76 nghn tn, NB khong
166,79 nghn tn, v vng BSCL khong 3.018,51 nghn tn (chi tit ti bng 55 ).
4.4.2.2. Quy hoch c th tng i tng nui
a)- Quy hoch nui tm s: n nm 2020 ton ngnh c din tch nui khong 570
nghn ha cho sn lng 390 nghn tn. Trong vng BSH c khong 20,2 nghn ha cho
sn lng khong 20,2 nghn tn, vng BTB&DHMT khong 14,6 nghn ha cho sn lng
11,7 nghn tn, NB khong 6,8 nghn ha cho sn lng 8,1 nghn tn, v vng BSCL
khong 528,4 nghn ha cho sn lng 350 nghn tn (chi tit ti bng 56).
74
Bng 54. Quy hoch din tch NTTS ton quc n nm 2020
vt: Ha
Nui mn l
TT
Danh mc
Tng
Tm s
1.140.000 584.300
QH 2015
BSH
TDMNPB
BTB v DHMT
Ty nguyn
19.870
NB
50.420
BSCL
II QH 2020
144.080
22.200
Tm
chn
trng
Nui ngt
C bin
Nhuyn
th
Rong
bin
Hi sn Lng b
C tra
khc
(Lng)
40.000
5.400
43.320
7.080
36.500
68.080
4.350
410
11.340
3.220
7.900
10.980
11.000
51.230
105.610
12.300
15.150
1.420
3.130
8.300
2.000
220
700
768.790 541.500
18.500
3.350
28.150
1.200.000 570.000
60.000
7.270
5.150
630
BSH
TDMNPB
BTB v DHMT
Ty nguyn
21.860
NB
52.500
BSCL
154.760
20.200
3.760
9.050
51.100
14.600
18.350
2.360
Tm
cng
xanh
19.720
24.270 351.570
C
truyn
thng
Thy
sn
khc
Lng b
(Lng)
16.840
23.100
6.800
920
86.000
940
200
620
370
49.730
510
5.520
56.100
3.850
12.550
30
19.300
540
80
150
32.600
4.500
1.650
850
550
4.200
1.400
100
19.000
1.800
11.000
10.050
22.800 107.840
6.500
3.100
55.330
8.870
38.530
80.300
13.000
29.600
32.060 356.100
29.240
23.700
14.190
3.470
7.600
13.000
60.720
121.700
C r
phi
4.550
6.800
3.300
330
830
788.460 528.400
33.200
3.950
35.760
5.200
200
75
9.440
59.100
790
4.700
20.700
3.500
8.600
1.160
91.200
2.560
500
950
590
57.500
1.680
6.100
58.900
6.100
13.100
2.200
13.000
100
60
21.200
500
130
1.650
300
32.500
6.000
1.650
16.100
29.950
94.800
12.400
2.220
Bng 55. Quy hoch sn lng NTTS ton quc n 2020
vt: Tn
Nui mn l
Ch tiu
Tng
Tm s
Tm
chn
trng
3.600.000
382.200
BSH
527.260
17.760
TDMNPB
115.750
BTB v
DHMT
376.420
QH nm
2015
Ty nguyn
NB
Nui ngt
C bin
Nhuyn
th
Rong
bin
Hi sn
Lng b
khc
200.000
54.000
285.050
56.900
73.000
21.750
4.100
113.400
25.820
15.800
9.840
75.750
14.200
26.000
30.080
18.100
Thy
sn
khc
Lng b
78.600
36.400 792.500 43.900
60.600
34.000
55.900
2.200
4.900
BSCL
2.395.540
346.300
92.500
33.500
140.750
1.000
38.000
QH nm
2020
4.500.000
390.000
310.000
145.500
400.000
100.000
62.500
BSH
613.390
20.200
26.800
12.600
141.900
37.000
11.400
TDMNPB
137.940
BTB v
DHMT
518.610
11.700
95.400
47.200
37.360
1.100
60.600
18.900
560
4.300
8.100
17.000
6.600
6.640
3.018.510
350.000
170.800
79.100
214.100
1.200
2.400
76
31.000
1.900
400
1.550
11.040
112.200 11.550
18.500
99.500
1.590
160
81.500 13.500
3.300
30.200
34.180 202.700 13.810
27.200
142.000 1.800.000 150.000
60.000 808.300 75.400
56.300
12.600
5.400 1.430.000
39.000
78.800
44.760
166.790
C
truyn
thng
1.380 258.000
60
10.000
BSCL
32.950
Tm
cng
xanh
40.410
8.300
NB
106.850 1.430.000
C r
phi
3.100
144.620
Ty Nguyn
C tra
14.100
10.100 1.800.000
7.000
220
38.600
43.000
1.740 273.600
5.150
1.000
4.750
890 115.000
5.100
12.200
117.800 18.300
19.700
12.850
500
100
42.400
1.500
260
9.900
450
81.500 18.000
3.300
56.820 178.000 27.350
19.840
79.000
Bng 56. Quy hoch nui tm s n nm 2020

Din tch (Ha)
TT
Vng
Sn lng
(Tn)
Tng
TC/BTC
QH nm 2015
QCCT
Nui
hp
Nhu cu
ging
(Tr.con)
Nhu cu
thc n
(Tn)
Gi tr sx
(Tr.)
Gi tr xut
khu (1.000
USD)
kt
584.300
84.530
328.470
175.800
382.200
29.800
535.090
76.440.000
1.650.000
BSH
22.200
4.440
16.960
800
17.760
900
24.860
3.552.000
74.000
BTB & DHMT
12.300
3.690
8.310
300
9.840
1.500
13.790
1.968.000
40.000
NB
8.300
2.500
5.300
500
8.300
500
11.620
1.660.000
36.000
BSCL
541.500
73.900
297.900
174.200
346.300
26.900
484.820
69.260.000
1.500.000
II
QH nm 2020
570.000
95.100
297.500
177.400
390.000
34.530
544.740
97.500.000
2.050.000
BSH
20.200
6.000
13.400
800
20.200
1.300
28.280
5.050.000
106.000
BTB & DHMT
14.600
6.400
7.900
300
11.700
2.090
16.380
2.925.000
61.000
NB
6.800
2.700
3.800
300
8.100
600
10.080
2.025.000
42.000
BSCL
528.400
80.000
272.400
176.000
350.000
30.540
490.000
87.500.000
1.841.000
77
b)- Quy hoch nui tm chn trng: n nm 2020 c nc c khong 60 nghn

ha, cho sn lng 310 nghn tn. Trong , vng BSH c 5,15 nghn ha cho sn lng
26,8 nghn tn, vng BTB&DHMT c 18,35 nghn ha cho sn lng 95,4 nghn tn, vng
NB c 3,3 nghn ha cho sn lng 17 nghn tn, v vng BSCL c 33,2 nghn ha cho
sn lng 170,8 nghn tn (chi tit ti bng 57).
Bng 57. Quy hoch nui tm chn trng n nm 2020
TT
Vng
QH nm 2015
BSH
BTB & DHMT
NB
Din
tch
(Ha)
Sn
lng
(Tn)
40.000 200.000
Nhu cu
ging
(Tr.con)
Nhu cu
thc n
(Tn)
Gi tr xut
khu (1.000
USD)
39.530
300.170
30.000.000
850.000,00
Gi tr sx
(Tr.)
4.350
21.750
9.060
32.620
3.262.500
90.000
15.150
75.750
13.970
113.800
11.362.500
320.000
2.000
10.000
1.000
15.000
1.500.000
40.000
BSCL
18.500
92.500
15.500
138.750
13.875.000
400.000
II
QH nm 2020
60.000 310.000
59.470
465.010
62.000.000
1.280.000
BSH
BTB & DHMT
NB
BSCL
5.150
26.800
10.000
40.200
5.360.000
111.000
18.350
95.400
18.470
143.100
19.080.000
392.600
3.300
17.000
1.500
25.510
3.400.000
70.000
33.200 170.800
29.500
256.200
34.160.000
706.400
c)- Quy hoch nui c tra: n nm 2020 ngnh thy sn t din tch nui khong
13 nghn ha, cho sn lng 1,8 triu tn, tp trung nui ch yu vng BSCL (cc ch
tiu quy hoch c th ti bng 58).
Bng 58. Quy hoch pht trin nui c tra
Din
tch
(Ha)
Sn
lng
(Tn)
Nhu cu Nhu cu
ging
thc n
(Tr.con)
(Tn)
Gi tr sx
(Tr.)
Gi tr xut
khu (1.000
USD)
TT
Danh mc
QH nm 2015
11.000 1.430.000
2.000 1.310.400 42.900.000
2.000.000
BSCL
11.000 1.430.000
2.000 2.150.000 42.900.000
2.000.000
II
QH nm 2020
13.000 1.800.000
2.500 1.643.200 68.000.000
2.700.000
BSCL
13.000 1.800.000
2.500 2.500.000 68.000.000
2.700.000
d)- Quy hoch nui nhuyn th: n nm 2020 a vo nui vi din tch 55,33
nghn ha cho sn lng 400 nghn tn. Trong , vng BSH c 14,19 nghn ha, cho sn
lng 141,9 nghn tn, vng BTB&DHMT c 4,55 nghn ha cho sn lng 37,36 nghn
tn, vng NB c 0,83 nghn ha cho sn lng 6,64 nghn tn, v vng BSCL c 35,76
nghn ha cho sn lng 214,1 nghn tn (c th cc ch tiu quy hoch nui nhuyn th ti
bng 59).
78
Bng 59. Quy hoch nui nhuyn th n nm 2020

TT
I
1
2
3
4
II
1
2
3
4
Danh mc
QH nm 2015
BSH
BTB & DHMT
NB
BSCL
QH nm 2020
BSH
BTB & DHMT
NB
BSCL
Din
tch
(Ha)
43.320
11.340
3.130
700
28.150
55.330
14.190
4.550
830
35.760
Sn
lng
(Tn)
285.050
113.400
26.000
4.900
140.750
400.000
141.900
37.360
6.640
214.100
Nhu cu
ging
(Tr.con)
50.000
19.600
3.600
1.520
25.280
60.000
22.800
4.220
2.580
30.400
Gi tr sx
(Tr.)
8.551.500
3.402.000
780.000
147.000
4.222.500
16.000.000
5.676.000
1.494.400
265.600
8.564.000
Gi tr xut
khu (1.000
USD)
285.000
113.400
26.000
4.900
140.700
500.000
177.400
46.700
8.300
267.600
e)- Quy hoch nui c bin: n nm 2020 a vo nui khong 7,24 nghn ha, cho
sn lng khong 145 nghn tn. Trong , vng BSH c 0,63 nghn ha cho sn lng
12,6 nghn tn, vng BTB&DHMT c 2,36 nghn ha cho sn lng 47,2 nghn tn, vng
NB c 0,3 nghn ha cho sn lng 6 nghn tn, v vng BSCL c 3,95 nghn ha cho
sn lng 79,2 nghn tn (chi tit cc ch tiu quy hoch nui c bin ti bng 60).
Bng 60. Quy hoch nui c bin n nm 2020
TT
I
1
2
3
4
II
1
2
3
4
Danh mc
QH nm 2015
BSH
BTB & DHMT
NB
BSCL
QH nm 2020
BSH
BTB & DHMT
NB
BSCL
Din
tch
(Ha)
5.400
410
1.420
220
3.350
7.240
630
2.360
300
3.950
Sn
Nhu cu Nhu cu
Gi tr xut
Gi tr sx
lng
ging
thc n
khu (1.000
(Tr.)
(Tn) (Tr.con) (Tn)
USD)
54.000
160 118.800 8.100.000
64.800
4.100
12
9.020
615.000
4.920
14.200
43
31.240 2.130.000
17.040
2.200
7
4.840
330.000
2.640
33.500
99
73.700 5.025.000
40.200
145.000
220 319.000 26.100.000
220.000
12.600
20
27.720 2.268.000
20.000
47.200
72 103.840 8.496.000
71.000
6.000
9
13.200 1.080.000
9.000
79.200
119 174.240 14.256.000
120.000
g)- Quy hoch nui c r phi: n nm 2020 a vo nui khong 29,6 nghn ha
cho sn lng khong 150 nghn tn. Trong , vng BSH c 8,6 nghn ha cho sn
lng 43 nghn tn, vng BTB&DHMT c 2,2 nghn ha cho sn lng 12,85 nghn tn,
vng NB c 1,65 nghn ha cho sn lng 9,9 nghn tn, v vng BSCL c 16,1 nghn
ha cho sn lng 79 nghn tn (chi tit cc ch tiu quy hoch nui c r phi ti bng 61).
79
Bng 61. Quy hoch nui c r phi n nm 2020

TT
Danh mc
Din
tch
(Ha)
Sn
lng
(Tn)
Nhu cu
ging
(Tr.con)
Nhu cu
thc n
(Tn)
Gi tr xut
Gi tr sx
khu (1.000
(Tr.)
USD)
19.720
78.600
350
95.760 2.358.000
15.000
6.800
34.000
115
47.600 1.020.000
6.500
QH nm 2015
BSH
TDMNPB
620
3.100
4.340
93.000
500
BTB & DHMT
850
4.300
20
6.020
129.000
800
Ty nguyn
NB
0
1.400
7.000
9.800
210.000
1.200
BSCL
10.050
30.200
200
28.000
906.000
6.000
II
1
QH nm 2020
BSH
29.600
8.600
150.000
43.000
400
140
171.500 6.000.000
60.200 1.720.000
50.000
14.300
TDMNPB
950
4.750
10
6.650
190.000
1.600
BTB & DHMT
2.200
12.850
25
17.990
514.000
4.300
Ty nguyn
100
500
700
20.000
200
NB
1.650
9.900
12
13.860
396.000
3.300
BSCL
16.100
79.000
208
72.100 3.160.000
26.300
h)- Quy hoch trng rong bin: n nm 2020 a vo trng khong 8,87 nghn ha
cho sn lng khong 100 nghn tn. Trong , vng BSH c 3,47 nghn ha cho sn
lng 37 nghn tn, vng BTB&DHMT c 5,2 nghn ha cho sn lng 60,6 nghn tn, v
vng BSCL c 0,2 nghn ha cho sn lng 2,4 nghn tn (chi tit cc ch tiu quy hoch
trng rong bin ti bng 62).
Bng 62. Quy hoch trng rong bin n nm 2020
TT
Danh mc
Din tch
(Ha)
Sn lng
(Tn)
Nhu cu
ging (Tn)
Gi tr sx
(Tr.)
QH nm 2015
7.080
56.900
21.880
341.400
BSH
3.220
25.820
6.440
154.920
BTB & DHMT
3.760
30.080
15.040
180.480
BSCL
100
1.000
400
6.000
II
QH nm 2020
8.870
100.000
23.740
800.000
BSH
3.470
37.000
6.940
296.000
BTB & DHMT
5.200
60.600
16.000
484.800
BSCL
200
2.400
800
19.200
k)- Quy hoch nui c truyn thng: n nm 2020 a vo nui khong 356,1
nghn ha cho sn lng khong 808,3 nghn tn. Trong , vng BSH c 91,2 nghn ha
cho sn lng 273,6 nghn tn, vng BTB&DHMT c 58,9 nghn ha cho sn lng 117,8
nghn tn, vng Ty Nguyn c 21,2 nghn ha cho sn lng 42,4 nghn tn, vng NB c
80
32,5 nghn ha cho sn lng 81,5 nghn tn v vng BSCL c 94,8 nghn ha cho sn
lng 178 nghn tn (chi tit cc ch tiu quy hoch nui c truyn thng ti bng 63).
Bng 63. Quy hoch nui c truyn thng n nm 2020
TT
Danh mc
Sn lng
(Tn)
Nhu cu
ging
(Tr.con)
268.140
792.500
1.900
86.000
258.000
430
567.600
7.740.000
900
99.500
249
218.900
2.985.000
Din tch
(Ha)
Nhu cu
thc n
(Tn)
Gi tr sx
(Tr.)
QH nm 2015
1.655.280 23.775.000
BSH
TDMNPB
BTB & DHMT
19.300
112.200
281
246.840
3.366.000
Ty nguyn
21.500
38.600
97
84.920
1.158.000
NB
32.600
81.500
163
179.300
2.445.000
BSCL
107.840
202.700
681
357.720
6.081.000
II
1
QH nm 2020
BSH
356.100
91.200
808.300
273.600
2.400
638
TDMNPB
57.500
115.000
287
253.000
4.600.000
BTB & DHMT
58.900
117.800
295
259.180
4.712.000
Ty nguyn
21.200
42.400
106
93.280
1.696.000
NB
32.500
81.500
163
179.300
3.260.000
BSCL
94.800
178.000
912
316.800
7.120.000
1.703.480 32.332.000
601.920 10.944.000
r)- Quy hoch nui tm cng xanh: n nm 2020 a vo nui khong 32,06
nghn ha cho sn lng khong 601 nghn tn. Trong , vng BSH c 1,16 nghn ha
cho sn lng 1,74 nghn tn, vng BTB&DHMT c 0,59 nghn ha cho sn lng 0,89
nghn tn, vng Ty Nguyn c 0,06 nghn ha cho sn lng 0,1 nghn tn, vng NB c
0,3 nghn ha cho sn lng 0,45 nghn tn v vng BSCL c 29,95 nghn ha cho sn
lng 56,82 nghn tn (chi tit cc ch tiu quy hoch nui tm cng xanh ti bng 64).
Bng 64. Quy hoch nui tm cng xanh n nm 2020
TT
Vng
Din
tch
(Ha)
Sn
lng
(Tn)
Nhu cu
ging
(Tr.con)
I
1
QH nm 2015
BSH
24.270
920
36.400
1.380
1.500
55
TDMNPB
370
560
22
960
67.200
1.400
Ty nguyn
30
60
120
7.200
150
NB
150
220
370
26.400
450
BSCL
22.800
34.180
1.412
42.060 4.101.600
85.000
II
1
QH nm 2020
BSH
32.060
1.160
60.000
1.740
2.000
70
30 9.000.000
2.990
261.000
225.000
6.550
TDMNPB
590
890
35
81
Nhu cu
thc n
(Tn)
Gi tr sx
(Tr.)
Gi tr xut
khu (1.000
USD)
45.870 4.368.000
2.360
165.600
90.000
3.000
1.520
133.500
3.350
Ty nguyn
NB
BSCL
60
100
170
15.000
400
300
450
18
770
67.500
1.700
29.950
56.820
1.873
73.050 8.523.000
213.000
4.4.3. Quy hoch ngh c gii tr

4.4.3.1.Quy hoch ngh c cnh
- Khu vc cc tnh min Trung: C tp qun nui c cnh trong khun vin nh, h
nui c trc nh. Nhng i tng c cnh phi m bo yu t d nui, thc n a dng
v thch hp cho khu vc ny l cc loi c h c chp, c by mu. Ngoi ra, c th pht
trin cc loi c c gi tr cao nh c La Hn, c Da, c Rng, phc v cho nhu cu
tiu th ngy mt nng cao v s lng v cht lng.
- Khu vc cc tnh ven bin min Trung c iu kin t nhin rt thun li khai
thc, nghin cu v sn xut c cnh bin, do khu vc ny s c tp trung nghin
cu v c cnh bin t lai to ging n nghin cu quy trnh sn xut,.
- Khu vc min Bc: do c ma ng lnh, nn cc i tng sn xut, kinh doanh
phi m bo c kh nng thch nghi cao vi thi tit lnh trong cc thng ma ng. i
tng c u tin khu vc ny l cc ging loi c cnh nc ngt, c bit l c chp c
kh nng chu lnh tt.
- Khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long: H thng ao h, sng ngi phong ph, c
tim nng ln pht trin nui cc loi c cnh nc ngt.
- Khu vc Tp. H Ch Minh, H Ni v mt s thnh ph ln c ngnh du lch pht
trin mnh, mt dn c ng, iu kin kinh t x hi pht trin do tp trung pht
trin c cnh theo cc hng sau: u t nghin cu t to ging, quy trnh nui, sn
xut, cc Vin nghin cu thy sn. ng thi y mnh tiu th c cnh thng qua
cc hot ng qung b, thnh lp cc hip hi, t chc trin lm,; Tng cng xut
nhp khu cc ging loi c cnh c gi tr kinh t cao do c h thng giao thng thun
li.
4.4.3.2. Quy hoch c cnh gn vi du lch sinh thi, du lch bin, cc khu bo tn bin,
khu bo tn vng nc ni a
- Tp trung nghin cu nhng ging loi c hu, bn a. c bit quan tm n
nghin cu pht trin c cnh bin v thy sinh vt bin phc v gii tr v du lch.
- Pht trin c cnh gn vi pht trin du lch sinh thi, du lch bin nhng tnh
ven bin c kh nng pht trin c cnh bin nh Qung Ninh, Nng, Khnh Ha,
Ninh Thun, Tp. H Ch Minh, Vng Tu. Bn cnh pht trin c cnh v ti to ngun
li cc khu bo tn bin v vng nc ni a
82
- Hnh thnh khu vc sn xut c cnh tp trung, c kim tra, kim sot m bo
cht lng.
- Nghin cu pht trin c t nhin dng lm c cnh (chn lc, thun dng, sinh
sn nhn to) v lai to ging loi mi c gi tr kinh t cao.
- Xy dng h thng sn xut c cnh thn thin vi mi trng, an ton dch bnh
phc v xut khu.
- Hnh thnh cc trung tm c cnh theo cc vng kinh t sinh thi, gn kt vi hi
ch trin lm hng nm t chc qung b, gii thiu v c cnh Vit Nam.
4.4.4. Quy hoch pht trin lnh vc CBTS
4.4.4.1. Quy hoch c cu sn lng v gi tr xut khu
Quy hoch n nm 2020 vi tng sn lng CBXK khong 2 triu tn cho gi tr
khong 11 t USD. Trong , c tra t xut khu khong 900 nghn tn, cho gi tr 3,3 t
USD, c ng khong 100 nghn tn cho gi tr khong 500 triu USD, tm ng lnh
khong 330 nghn tn cho gi tr khong 3,47 t USD, mc v bch tuc khong 120
nghn tn cho gi tr 650 triu USD, thy sn khc ng lnh khong 150 nghn tn cho
gi tr 1,3 t USD, thy sn kh khong 80 nghn tn cho gi tr 400 triu USD.
Bng 65. Quy hoch sn lng CBXK khu thy sn theo nhm sn phm
n v tnh sn lng: ngn tn; Gi tr: triu USD
Ch tiu
I.Tng sn lng CBXK
1. Thy sn ng lnh (L)
- C L,
Trong : C tra
C ng
C khc
- Tm L
- Mc v bch tuc L
- Thu sn khc L
2. Thy sn kh
II. Tng gi tr CBXK
1. Thy sn L
- C L,
Trong : C tra
C ng
C khc
2015
2020
Sn lng T l (%) Sn lng T l (%)
1.660
100
2.000
100
1.600
96
1.920
96
1.090
65,7
1320
66,0
760
45,8
900
45,0
80
4,8
100
5,0
250
15,1
320
16,0
270
16,3
330
16,5
110
6,6
120
6,0
130
7,8
150
7,5
60
3,6
4,0
80
Ga tr
T l (%)
Ga tr
T l (%)
7.500
100
10.750
100
7.250
97
10.350
96
3310
44,1
4930
45,9
2.300
30,7
3.300
30,7
320
4,3
500
4,7
690
9,2
1.130
10,5
83
- Tm L
- Mc v bch tuc L
- Thu sn khc L
2. Thy sn kh
2.540
490
910
250
33,9
6,5
12,1
3,3
3.470
650
1.300
400
32,3
6,0
12,1
3,7
4.4.4.2. Quy hoch c cu sn lng v gi tr CBN

Quy hoch n nm 2020 t sn lng 950 nghn tn cho gi tr CBN khong
22,79 nghn t ng. Trong , nhm thy sn ng lnh khong 310 tt cho gi tr 9,15
nghn t ng, thy sn kho khong 99 nghn tn cho gi tr 5,13 nghn t ng, nc
mm khong 31 nghn tn cho gi tr 3,76 nghn t ng, h khong 4 nghn tn cho
gi tr 230 t ng, mm cc loi khong 31 nghn tn cho gi tr khong 1,25 nghn t
ng, bt c khong 146 nghn tn cho gi tr 3,27 nghn t ng.
Bng 66. Quy hoch sn lng thy sn CBN theo nhm sn phm
n v tnh sn lng: tn, gi tr: t ng
2015
2020
Ch tiu
Sn lng
T l (%)
Sn lng
T l (%)
Tng sn lng
806.000
100
950.000
100
Thy sn L
253.000
31,3
310.000
32,6
Thy sn kh
10,1
99.000
10,4
81.000
- C kh
68.000
8,4
84.000
8,8
- Tm kh
0,6
6.000
0,6
5.000
- Mc kh
8.000
1,0
9.000
0,95
Nc mm
248.000
36,0
260.000
27,4
hp
3.000
0,4
4.000
0,4
Mm cc loi
25.000
3,6
31.000
3,3
Bt c
28,6
246.000
25,9
197.000
Tng gi tr
17. 510
100
22.790
100
Thy sn L
6.600
37,7
9.150
40,1
Thy sn kh
4.130
23,6
5.130
22,5
- C kh
9,8
2.340
10,3
1.710
- Tm kh
830
4,7
1.010
4,4
- Mc kh
1.590
9,1
1.780
7,8
Nc mm
3.320
19,0
3.760
16,5
hp
190
1,1
230
1,0
Mm cc loi
940
5,4
1.250
5,5
Bt c
2.330
13,3
3.270
14,3
4.4.4.3. Quy hoch nh my CBTS
n nm 2020 c nc c tng cng sut thit k cc nh my ch bin khong
2.130 nghn tn/nm, sn lng xut khu 2 triu tn, gi tr xut khu 11 t USD, s nh
my xy mi khong 26-32 nh my, nhu cu nguyn liu khong 3,940 nghn tn, nhp
khu khong 1 triu tn thy hi sn cc loi.
84
Bng 67. Quy hoch cng sut, nh my CBTS quy m cng nghip
vt: 1.000 tn
BTB&
TT
Cc ch tiu
BSH
NB
BSCL
DHMT
Nm 2015
1 Cng sut TK, ngn tn/nm
70
230
400
1.240
2 Sn lng XK
40
180
350
1.050
3 Gi tr XK, tr.USD
200
980
1.740
4.580
4 S nh my mi cn u t
6-7
10-12
5 Hiu sut TB, %
57
78
88
85
6 Nhu cu nguyn liu
80
360
700
2.100
7 NL nhp cho CBXK
40
140
610
-150
8 T trng sn phm GTGT, %
50-60
50-60
60-70
50-60
Nm 2020
1 Cng sut TK, ngn tn/nm
80
250
450
1.350
2 Sn lng XK
70
230
420
1.280
3 Gi tr XK, tr.USD
340
1.360
2.460
6.590
4 S nh my mi cn u t
2-3
4-5
10-12
10-12
5 Hiu sut TB, %
88
92
93
90
6 Nhu cu nguyn liu
130
430
780
2.600
7 NL nhp cho CBXK
90
190
690
0
8 T trng sn phm GTGT, %
60-70
60-70
70-80
60-70
Tng
2.050
1.620
7.500
3.240
640
2.130
2.000
11.000
26-32
3.940
1000
4.4.4.4. Quy hoch CBXK thy sn kh

V ch bin thy sn kh, n nm 2020 t sn lng 80 nghn tn cho gi tr 360
triu USD. Trong , vng BSH t sn lng 2,5 nghn tn cho gi tr 15 triu USD,
BTB&DHMT t sn lng 22,7 nghn tn cho gi tr 122 triu USD, NB t sn lng
50,7 nghn tn cho gi tr 238 triu USD, BSCL t 4,2 nghn tn cho gi tr 25 triu
USD.
Vng
BSH
BTB&DHMT
NB
BSCL
Tng
Bng 68. Quy hoch XK hng thy sn kh theo vng

2015
2020
SL
GT
Nh my
SL
GT
(Nghn (Tr. USD) T mi
(Nghn
(Tr.
tn)
tn)
USD)
(Chic)
2
8
2,5
15
17
71
5
22,7
122
38
158
5-6
50,7
238
3
13
1
4,2
25
60
250
80,0
360
Nh my
T mi
(Chic)
15
55
5-66
16
Cng sut nh my u t mi 1000 tn/nm.
85
4.4.4.5. Quy hoch pht trin kho lnh

Nhm p ng tt nhu cu kho lnh phc v cho ngnh cng nghip CBTS pht
trin, n nm 2020 c nc c tng cng sut kho lnh t khong 1,1 triu tn, trong
vng BSH khong 85,7 nghn tn, Min Trung khong 145,3 nghn tn, NB khong
217,5 nghn tn, BSCL khong 640 nghn tn, cc tnh cn li khong 11,5 nghn tn.
Bng 69. Quy hoch h thng kho lnh theo vng n nm 2020
TT
a phng
BSH
Min Trung
NB
BSCL
23 tnh cn li
C nc
1
2
3
4
5
Tng cng sut kho (tn)

n nm 2015
n nm 2020
58.000
85.700
98.800
145.300
150.500
217.500
437.500
640.000
5.750
11.500
750.550
1.100.000
4.4.4.6. Quy hoch pht trin h thng ch c

Giai on 2001-2020 c nc c khong 13 ch c u mi thy sn cc loi, vi
tng s vn u t khong 540 t ng, trong giai on 2011-2015 u t khong 340
t ng, v 2016-2020 khong 200 t ng.
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Bng 70. Quy hoch ch c giai on 2011-2020

Vn u t (1.000 tr.)
Danh mc ch c
2011-2015
2016-2020
Ch thy sn bin gii Mng Ci, Qung Ninh
40
Ch thy sn bin gii Lo Cai
40
Ch u mi thy sn Hi Phng
40
Ch u mi thy sn H Ni
60
Ch u mi thy sn Tnh Gia, Thanh Ha
40
Ch u mi thy sn Nng
40
Ch u mi thy sn Quy Nhn, Bnh nh
40
Ch u mi thy sn Bnh Thun
40
Ch u mi thy sn B Ra Vng Tu
40
Ch u mi thy sn nc ngt Cn Th
40
Ch u mi tm Bc Liu
40
Ch u mi thy sn Kin Giang
40
Ch u mi thy sn C Mau
40
Cng
340
200
4.4.5. Quy hoch c s h tng v hu cn dch v ngh c

4.4.5.1. Quy hoch pht trin cc Trung tm ngh c ln
Hnh thnh cc trung tm ngh c ln trn c s pht huy tim nng, li th v v tr
a l, iu kin t nhin, cc ngun lc sn c nhm xy dng cc vng kinh t thy sn
nng ng, c tc tng trng cao v bn vng, tr thnh ng lc pht trin, gi vai
86
tr quyt nh ng gp vo tng trng kinh t chung ca c nc. Pht huy th mnh

ca vng cng vi th mnh ca tng a phng, i u trong cng nghip ho, hin i
ho, thng mi ha ngh c, cc trung tm ngh c vng s gp phn nng cao cht
lng, hiu qu, sc cnh tranh cc sn phm thy sn Vit Nam, to ra th trng thy
sn c sc ht trong khu vc v quc t. Vic gn kt cc khu trong chui gi tr thy sn
s l khu t ph cc trung tm ngh c vng tr thnh cc thu ht u t v tng
trng trong nhng thp nin ti.
Vng bin Vnh bc b: hnh thnh trung tm ngh c ln Vnh Bc b ti Hi
Phng;
Vng bin min Trung: hnh thnh 2 trung tm ngh c ln vng bin ng ti
Nng v Khnh Ha;
Vng bin ng Nam B: hnh thnh trung tm ngh c ln vng bin ng Nam
b ti B Ra - Vng Tu;
Vng ng bng sng Cu Long: hnh thnh trung tm pht trin thng mi, trin
lm, hi ch thy sn ti Cn Th.
Vng bin Ty Nam b:Hnh thnh trung tm DVHC ngh c vng bin Ty Nam
b ti Kin Giang.
4.4.5.2. Quy hoch h thng ch c, bn c
Quy hoch h thng cng c, bn c theo Quyt nh s 346/Q-TTg ngy
15/3/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt Quy hoch h thng cng c, bn
c n nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2030. Trc ht tp trung u tin mt s cng c,
bn c tuyn o quan trng: C T, Ct B, Bch Long V, Hn M, Cn C, L Sn,
Ph Qu, Cn o, Hn Tre, Ph Quc, Th Chu v qun o Trng Sa.
i vi cc ca sng lch c su lung ra vo t nhin di 2 m khng xy
dng cc cng c m ch no vt lung lch, nng cp bn c to thun li cho tu thuyn
nh c c cng sut nh ra, vo hoc xy dng cc bn c nh ph hp theo quy m v
nh hnh ca vic pht trin cc lng c ln cn trn c s qun l cng ng v s hu
ca dn.
Cc ch c bn c c quy hoch xy dng ti cc Trung tm ngh c ln v ti
cc a im gn lin vi cc cng c. Ngoi ra, ti cc tnh gip bin gii v cc thnh
ph ln s quy hoch xy dng cc ch thy sn u mi.
4.4.5.3. Quy hoch khu neo u tu thuyn ngh c
Quy hoch khu neo u trnh tr bo cho tu c theo Quyt nh s 1349/Q-TTg
ngy 09/8/2011 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt iu chnh Quy hoch khu neo
u trnh tr bo cho tu c n nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2030. Trc ht tp trung u
tin mt s khu neo u tuyn o quan trng: C T, Ct B, Bch Long V, Cn C, L
Sn, Ph Qu, Cn o, Hn Tre, Ph Quc, Th Chu v qun o Trng Sa. Thng
xuyn no vt lung lch, xy dng bn bi, k chn sng vic neo u, trnh tr ca tu
thuyn c m bo an ton, nng cao hiu qu v cht lng khai thc.
4.4.5.4. Quy hoch h thng cng nghip c kh, hu cn, dch v ngh c.
Mt ni dung ln trong quy hoch ny to nn tng CNH-HH ngh c l: u
t mi v nng cp hon thin h thng c kh, hu cn, dch v ngh c.
87
Trong giai on 2012-2010, tp trung ngun lc ln u t pht trin cng

nghip c kh thy sn, u t mi v nng cp cc c s ng mi, sa cha tu thuyn
ngh c cp vng, cc c s sn xut ng li c, sn xut nc , cc kho lnh... ti cc
Trung tm ngh c ln .
Sang giai on sau 2020 tip tc u t cc c s ng sa tu thuyn ngh c ti
cc tnh, thnh ph ven bin: t Qung Ninh n C Mau. Duy tr v pht trin h thng
c s ng mi, sa cha tu thuyn ngh c c giy php, c trin ca cc a phng
phc v i tu thuyn ngh c, vi nng lc ng mi thay th hng nm khong 700
- 800 chic cc loi v ln sa cha khong 8.000 - 9.000 chic/nm.
Nng cp v pht trin h thng c s sn xut nc khong 120 - 130 nh my
sn xut nc , kh nng cung cp nc khong 3.000 tn/ngy, m bo nhu cu
nc ca cc tu v cc nh my ch bin.
u t, nng cp h thng c s sn xut, gia cng li si quy m ln khong 10 12 c s. Mi nm sn xut 12.000 - 15.000 tn li si, m bo p ng c nhu cu
sn xut.
4.4.5.5. Quy hoch h thng sn xut ging, sn xut thc n, thuc ng y, ch phm
sinh hc trong NTTS
n nm 2020, sn lng ging ca cc i tng nui chnh t 170 t con ging,
trong : ging tm s 35 t con, tm chn trng 60 t con, nhuyn th 60 t con, c tra
2,5 t con, c truyn thng 2,4 t con, c bin 150 triu con.
Cc khu sn xut ging tp trung quy m 50 - 150 ha:
Hon thnh u t 2 khu sn xut: An Hi (Ninh Thun), Ninh Vn (Khnh Ha).
Tip tc hon thnh u t xy dng 4 khu sn xut ging: Thng Bnh (Qung
Nam), Hip Thnh (Bc Liu), Tn n (C Mau), Ph Quc (Kin Giang).
u t xy dng mi 3 khu sn xut: Ch Cng (Bnh Thun), ng Hi (Bc
Liu); Xun Hi (Ph Yn).
Cc khu sn xut ging tp trung quy m 10 - 40 ha:
Xy dng cc khu sn xut ging tp trung quy m 10 - 40 ha cc a phng c
iu kin sn xut ging tm, nhuyn th a cc tri ging vo qun l, m bo iu
kin sn xut ging cht lng tt:
- Min Bc: xy dng khu sn xut ti cc tnh Tha Thin Hu, Qung Tr, Qung
Bnh, Ngh An (khu sn xut ging Qunh Minh, Qunh Lu), Nam nh (khu sn xut
ging Giao Thy), Thi Bnh (khu sn xut nghu ging Nam Cng, Tin Hi), Qung
Ninh (khu sn xut ging nhuyn th Vn n).
- Min Trung: xy dng khu sn xut ti cc tnh Qung Ngi (c Phong, M
c), Bnh nh.
- Min Nam: xy dng khu sn xut ti cc tnh B Ra - Vng Tu, Bn Tre (khu
sn xut ging Ba Tri), Sc Trng, Kin Giang (huyn Giang Thnh, Kin Lng), Bc
Liu (huyn ng Hi), Tin Giang (khu sn xut nghu ging tp trung).
Cn thit phi sm ban hnh cc chnh sch u i, u tin u t cc d n xy
dng nh my sn xut thc n, thuc ng y, ch phm sinh hc trong NTTS. a im
la chn ti cc Trung tm ngh c ln, cc vng NTTS tp trung, cc khu cng nghip ti
cc tnh, thnh ph BSH, BSCL, DHMT.
88
4.4.5.6. Quy hoch c s h tng ch bin thy sn

Pht trin h thng kho lnh thu sn theo nh hng phn b ph hp vi nhu
cu pht trin ca tng vng phc v vic bo qun, vn chuyn, ch bin, d tr v
phn phi lu thng 3 triu tn thu sn cc loi.
Xy dng 13 ch u mi thy sn ti mt s a phng, ca khu bin gii vi
Trung Quc thun li trong vic phn phi lu thng v phc v cng tc qun l
ngun nguyn liu thu sn. Hnh thnh s giao dch tm ti C Mau, s giao dch c tra
ti Cn Th, s giao dch c ng ti Nha Trang.
4.6. xut cc d n u tin u t pht trin
4.6.1. Lnh vc KTTS (khong 15.000 t ng)
a) n T chc li khai thc hi sn (khong 6.000 t ng).
Gm mt s d n u tin:
1. iu tra nh gi thng nin ngun li hi sn lm c s d bo ng trng.
2. T chc, qun l pht trin ngh khai thc c ng i dng
3. Nghin cu vt liu mi thay th v g trong ng mi tu thuyn ngh c
4. Xy dng h thng thng tin tu c trn bin giai on 2.
5. Nghin cu chuyn giao cng ngh bo qun sau thu hoch trong KTHS.
6. T chc cc i tu cng ch v hu cn dch v phc v KTHS xa b.
7. u t xy dng cc i tu kim ng 4 vng bin Vnh Bc B, min Trung,
ng Nam b v Ty Nam b.
8. u t xy dng v quy hoch cc khu bo tn bin Vit nam theo Quyt nh
s 742/Q-TTg ngy 26/5/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph.
b) n pht trin ngun nhn lc thy sn (2.000 t ng)
1. Hon thin u t trng i hc thy sn Kin Giang
2. u t nng cp trng cao ng thy sn v cao ng ngh thy sn thnh
Trng i hc thy sn min Bc.
3. o to, chuyn i ngh cho lao ng khai thc thy sn t gn b ra xa b, t
thy sn sang cc ngnh ngh khc v xut khu lao ng KTHS.
4. o to thuyn trng, my trng cho cc tu c khai thc xa b
5. o to cn b c trnh i hc v trn i hc trong lnh vc KTHS v
nghin cu ngun li hi sn.
c)- n pht trin cng nghip c kh, hu cn, dch v ngh c (khong 7.000 t
ng)
Gm cc d n u tin:
1. u t xy dng Trung tm ngh c ln ti Cn Th
2. u t xy dng Trung tm ngh c ln ti Khnh Ha
3. u t xy dng Trung tm ngh c ln ti Nng
4. u t xy dng Trung tm ngh c ln ti B Ra-Vng Tu
5. u t xy dng Trung tm ngh c ln ti Hi Phng
6. u t mi cc nh my c kh ng tu c ti cc Trung tm ngh c ln v
u t nng cp cc nh my c kh ng tu c H long, Hi Phng, Nh B
TPHCM.
89
7. u t nng cp cc cng c Bch Long V, Lch Bng, Ca Hi, Sa K, L

Sn, Quy Nhn, Cam Ranh, Ninh Ch, Phan Thit, Ct L, Tin Giang, Sng
ng c, Tc Cu.
8. u t nng cp cc khu neo u trnh tr bo Ct B, Lch Hi, Ca HiXun Ph, Sng Gianh, Thun An, Th Quang, Sa Hunh, Tam Quan, ng
Tc,Hn R, Ninh Ch, Phan Thit, Sng Rinh, Ba tri, Gnh Ho,Tc Cu.
4.5.2. Lnh vc NTTS (khong 25.000 t ng)
Cc d n u tin gm:
1. Nghin cu sn xut cc ging hi sn c bit qu him phc v pht trin nui
bin (tm hm, c mp, c ng i dng, cua Hunh , tm m ni, hu,...)
2. Nghin cu sn xut v chuyn giao cng ngh sinh sn, nui tm s sch bnh.
3. Nghin cu sn xut v chuyn giao cng ngh sinh sn, nui tm he chn trng
sch bnh
4. Xy dng cc vng nui tm theo m hnh cng nghip tp trung bo m qui trnh
QLCLATVSTP.
5. Xy dng cc vng nui c tra, ba sa theo m hnh cng nghip tp trung bo m
qui trnh QLCLATVSTP.
6. Xy dng cc vng nui nhuyn th theo m hnh cng nghip tp trung bo m
qui trnh QLCLATVSTP.
7. u t nng cp cc TT sn xut ging hi sn min Bc, min Trung, min Nam
8. u t nng cp cc Trung tm sn xut ging thy sn nc ngt min Bc, min
Trung, min Nam.
9. u t nng cp cc vng sn xut ging thy sn tp trung ti cc tnh nam min
Trung (Khnh Ha, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun) v ti cc tnh BSCL (Bc Liu,
C Mau, Kin Giang).
10. u t xy dng cc nh my ch bin thc n, cc nh my sn xut thuc ng y,
cc nh my sn xut ch phm sinh hc phc v NTTS.
4.5.3. Lnh vc CBTS v thng mi thy sn (khong 20.000 t ng)
Gm cc d n u tin:
1.
Nghin cu chuyn giao cng ngh v u t thit b v dng c bo qun
sau thu hoch trn cc tu c.
2.
u t xy dng h thng cc kho lnh ti cc Trung tm ngh c ln.
3.
u t nghin cu cc sn phm t thy sn to ra cc sn phm thc
phm chc nng cao cp phc v sc khe con ngi.
4.
Chng trnh xc tin u t, xc tin thng mi thy sn
5.
Chng trnh xy dng cc thng hiu thy sn
6.
Chng trnh qun l cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm thy sn
7.
u t xy dng 13 ch c v ch u mi thy sn
8.
o to cn b qun l cc doanh nghip CBTS
90
PHN TH 5
CC GII PHP C BN THC HIN QUY HOCH V
NH GI HIU QU D N QUY HOCH
5.1. Cc gii php c bn thc hin quy hoch
5.1.1. Gii php v th trng
- i vi th trng trong nc, thng qua h thng cc ch u mi, cc Trung tm
ngh c ln hnh thnh knh phn phi bn hng n tng a phng trn c nc, c
bit l h thng cc siu th ti cc khu vc th, cc khu cng nghip, cc thnh ph
ln. Th trng ni a l mt th trng y tim nng i vi cc doanh nghip ch bin
thy sn.
- i vi th trng nc ngoi, tng cng xc tin thng mi, qung b thng
hiu sn phm thy sn ca Vit Nam thng qua tt c cc knh thng tin, truyn thng,
thng qua cc trin lm, cc hi ch thy sn , c bit ch trng cc th trng c th
phn ln hin nay l M, EU, Nht Bn,... v mt s th trng tim nng khc nh Trung
Quc, Nga, Hn Quc, cc nc Trung ng, Nam M.... C cc chnh sch khuyn
khch, h tr cc doanh nghip thy sn Vit Nam thc hin xc tin thng mi, thnh
lp cng ty i l, thnh lp cc chi nhnh bn hng thy sn ti nc ngoi.
- Pht trin hnh thc xut khu trc tip cho cc h thng phn phi, trung tm
thng mi ln, siu th, thay th vic xut khu qua trung gian nhm nng cao hiu qu
xut khu. Trc mt, ti cc th trng ln (M, EU, Nht Bn), thng qua cc i din
thng mi ca Vit Nam k kt hp ng vi cc t chc cung ng thc phm cho cc
trung tm phn phi, siu th ca cc th trng ny, tng bc xy dng mng li phn
phi thy sn Vit Nam.
- Hnh thnh mt s trung tm xc tin thng mi sn phm thy sn Vit Nam ti
cc th trng ln nh: M, Nht Bn, EU nhm qung b, thng tin chnh xc, y v
sn phm thy sn Vit Nam n th trng v ngi tiu dng; ng thi cung cp kp
thi cc thng tin v th trng, chnh sch, php lut ca nc s ti cho cc c quan
qun l, nghin cu v doanh nghip; h tr doanh nghip m i l v hnh thnh cc
vn phng i din gii thiu sn phm thy sn Vit Nam.
- Xy dng trung tm nghin cu, phn tch cc thng tin (v nhu cu, c cu sn
phm, th hiu, tm l ngi tiu dng) v d bo th trng xut khu thy sn vi i
ng chuyn gia c nng lc. Trn c s , d bo c nhu cu, s lng v c cu sn
phm ca tng th trng, tng giai on nh hng t chc sn xut v ch bin xut
khu trong nc.
- Xy dng v thc hin chng trnh xc tin thng mi ph hp vi chin lc
pht trin th trng xut khu, theo hng cc hip hi v doanh nghip l ch th trc
tip t chc v thc hin cc chng trnh, nh nc gi vai tr xy dng c ch, chnh
sch h tr.
- T chc cc hnh thc ph hp qung b, truyn thng, tip th, hng dn s
dng, to s hiu bit ng v thy sn Vit Nam, nht l i vi sn phm ch lc, sn
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phm mi, sn phm c gi tr gia tng n nh phn phi ln, h thng siu th v ngi
tiu dng nc ngoi.
- Xy dng cc thng hiu sn phm thy sn Vit Nam (tm s, c tra, c ng,
tm he chn trng, nghu,...) c uy tn p ng ng th hiu v lng tin ca ngi tiu
dng th gii, chim lnh th phn th trng thy sn th gii ngy mt nhiu hn.
- Nng cao vai tr ca hi v hip hi trong cng ng doanh nghip, bo m s
hp tc, phi hp, lin doanh, lin kt trong chui gi tr sn phm ngnh hng, trong mi
trng cnh tranh lnh mnh. c bit tn trng, nng cao vai tr ca VASEP trong cc
hot ng xc tin thng mi, d bo th trng, t chc lin kt, phi hp cc doanh
nghip, bo v quyn li cc doanh nghip cc th trng khi c cc tranh chp thng
mi xy ra.
- Sn phm xut khu trc ht phi p ng cc yu cu ca th trng v m bo
cht lng, an ton thc phm, m bo gi vng uy tn hng thy sn Vit Nam; tng
cng cng tc thng tin, tuyn truyn y , chnh xc v qu trnh sn xut v cht
lng sn phm n rng ri ngi tiu dng ti cc th trng.
- p dng h thng tiu chun, quy chun k thut i vi c s sn xut kinh
doanh, ch bin thy sn v qun l an ton thc phm t sn xut nguyn liu n bn
n; khuyn khch vic p dng cc quy chun quc t c lin quan.
- Thng xuyn t chc kim tra, kim sot vic thc hin cc quy nh m bo an
ton thc phm i vi cc c s sn xut kinh doanh, ch bin xut khu. X l nghim
v cng b cc hnh vi vi phm quy nh v cht lng, an ton thc phm, cnh tranh
khng lnh mnh, ph gi th trng, nht l i vi cc t chc, c nhn kinh doanh
ch bin, xut khu thy sn, nh hng n uy tn sn phm thy sn Vit Nam v lm
thit hi li ch chung ca cng ng.
- H tr k thut cho cc c s sn xut kinh doanh tng cng nng lc, p dng
cc chng trnh sn xut tin tin v h thng t kim sot cht lng, an ton thc phm
t khu bo qun nguyn liu n ch bin v tiu th.
- y mnh p dng cng ngh mi, tin tin, thn thin vi mi trng i vi cc
c s sn xut, ch bin; tng mc u t xy dng h tng k thut gim thiu, x l
nhim mi trng trong qu trnh sn xut ca ngnh thy sn ni chung, trong ch bin
thy sn ni ring.
5.1.2. Gii php v KH-CN v khuyn ng
- Lnh vc KTTS:
+ u t nghim tc cho cng tc nghin cu iu tra, nh gi ngun li thy sn,
lm cn c cho cng tc qun l hot ng khai thc thy sn v quy hoch phn b tu
thuyn, ngh nghip ph hp.
+ Thng xuyn cp nht cc tin b khoa hc k thut trong cng ngh khai thc
thy sn v bo qun sn phm sau khai thc,... xy dng m hnh v trin khai p dng
rng ri v kp thi vo sn xut thng qua chng trnh khuyn ng.
Nhp cng ngh KTHS tin tin ph hp vi iu kin ngh c ca nc ta.
p dng cc cng ngh s, cng ngh vin thm, s dng v tinh theo di, qun
l i tu KTHS.
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Nghin cu, ng dng cng ngh bo qun sn phm sau khai thc, c bit i vi
i tu nh bt xa b.
Tp trung nghin cu vt liu mi nhm tm c phng n vt liu thch hp c v
gi tr kinh t, c v gi tr mi trng thay th v tu g cho cc i tu nh c hin
nay.
T chc chuyn giao cng ngh mi trong khai thc thy sn, trao i kinh nghim
cc m hnh khai thc thy sn t hiu qu cao.
T chc hng dn k thut v kinh nghim qun l cho ng dn khai thc phi
chuyn i ngh ngi dn nhanh chng nm bt kin thc, phng php sn xut, t
chc qun l ngh mi.
Pht trin mng li khuyn ng ti cc cng ng ng dn .
- Lnh vc NTTS:
+ Nng cp cc Trung tm ging quc gia v cc khu sn xut ging thy sn tp
trung thnh cc khu cng ngh cao nhm lu gi ngun gen, nghin cu to ra nhng
ging thy sn t nng sut v cht lng cao, nhng ging thy sn sch bnh chuyn
giao cho sn xut. y va l ni nghin cu ng dng cng ngh tin tin, ng thi
cng l ni trin khai lu gi cc gc gen bn a thy sn qu him, l ni o to cn
b nghin cu trnh cao, ni trnh din cc m hnh cng ngh cao trong lnh vc
thy sn
+ Tng cng nghin cu khoa hc, nhp khu cng ngh, tp trung vo khu sn
xut ging cho nhn to cc ging nui ch lc, hon thin cng ngh nui cc i
tng nc ngt, nc l v nui bin ; cc bin php phng tr dch bnh; thuc ng y,
cng ngh sn xut thc n, ch phm sinh hc v cc sn phm x l, ci to mi trng
dng trong nui trng thy sn. ng dng cng ngh sinh hc trong pht trin cc i
tng NTTS ch lc theo hng sn xut hng ha ln, thch nghi vi iu kin kh hu,
thi tit, t v nc ca tng vng kinh t v tng vng bin trn c nc.
+ c bit quan tm tp trung ngun lc nghin cu trong nc, kt hp vi hp
tc quc t nghin cu sn xut ging v nui thng phm cc i tng hi c sn
qu him, c gi tr kinh t cao phc v chng trnh pht trin nui bin nh tm Hm,
tm M ni, cua Hunh , c Ng i dng, c Mp... ch trng n cc cng ngh nui
nhng vng bin h v vng bin xa ca T quc.
+ Kin ton v i mi hot ng ca h thng khuyn ng, nng cao nng lc hot
ng khuyn ng; xy dng cc m hnh chuyn giao cng ngh nui tin tin cho
ngi dn.
- Lnh vc CBTS:
Tp trung u t pht trin ch bin xut khu theo chiu su, u t nng cp cc c
s ch bin thy sn xut khu p ng cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut quc gia v
p ng yu cu ca th trng nhp khu v an ton thc phm, bo v mi trng.
Khuyn khch u t cng ngh mi, p dng khoa hc cng ngh tin tin, trong
u tin u t i mi dy chuyn, thit b ch bin hin i, cng ngh tin tin, ci tin
mu m, bao b i mi v a dng ha sn phm ch bin xut khu, k c tn dng
ph phm ch bin cc loi sn phm n lin, n nhanh, ch bin cc thc phm chc
nng c ngun gc t thy sn cho tiu dng v xut khu.
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Pht trin cc sn phm mi, c bit l sn phm c gi tr gia tng, gim ti a t

trng hng s ch, hng c gi tr gia tng thp, ph hp vi th hiu tiu dng v nhu cu
ca tng th trng nhp khu.
Nghin cu pht trin v nhp khu cc cng ngh sn xut thc phm chc nng c
ngun gc t thy sn, y s l hng i c bc t ph nng cao gi tr sn phm
trong giai on quy hoch.
5.1.3. Gii php v t chc v qun l sn xut
Phi thng nht m hnh b my qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh thy sn t Trung
ng n cc a phng. Ti Trung ng l Tng cc thy sn thuc B NN&PTNT. Ti
cc a phng c bin ngh thnh lp Cc thy sn, , ti cc tnh ni ng thnh lp
Chi Cc thy sn trc thuc S NN&PTNT.
Tng cng vai tr v hiu lc qun l nh nc v thy sn, trc ht phi thng
qua vic trin khai thc hin Lut thy sn v cc vn bn qui phm php lut v thy sn.
Cn nhanh chng b sung, iu chnh Lut thy sn, cc Ngh nh hng dn v xy
dng ng b, c h thng cc vn bn qui phm php lut qun l thy sn. a php
lut vo cuc sng, sn xut thy sn.
Trong t chc qun l quy hoch thy sn cn phi hp gn kt cc quy hoch trong
ngnh nng nghip v cc ngnh khc c bit l quy hoch thy li, quy hoch s dng
t , quy hoch du lch, quy hoch cc khu th, khu cng nghip...bo m pht trin
hi ha li ch ca cc lnh vc, cc ngnh trong nn kinh t.
T chc hot ng cc Trung tm ngh c ln trn c nc theo m hnh qun l
cng nghip, to sc ht, to ng lc pht trin cho ngnh thy sn pht trin theo
hng CNH-HH, n nh, bn vng v hiu qu.
Khuyn khch cc m hnh t chc lin kt, lin doanh sn xut, thng mi gia cc
lnh vc sn xut thy sn, gia cc nh sn xut nguyn liu, cc nh ch bin, cc nh
thng mi, xut khu, cc nh u t tn dng...theo chui gi tr ngnh hng vi s tham
gia qun l, t chc ca cc hi, hip hi ngnh hng.
5.1.4. Gii php v bo v mi trng v ngun li thy sn
Trin khai thc hin quy hoch h thng khu bo tn bin v khu bo tn ni a
theo Quyt nh s 742/Q-TTg ngy 26/5/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt Quy hoch h thng khu bo tn bin Vit Nam n nm 2020 v Quyt nh s
1479/QD-TTg ngy 13/10/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch h thng
khu bo tn vng nc ni a n nm 2020 .
T chc iu tra, nh gi ngun li, d bo ng trng khai thc. Trc ht u tin
iu tra ngun li, d bo khai thc i vi mt s vng bin, ng trng truyn thng:
Qung Ninh - Hi Phng, xung quanh o Bch Long V; Thanh Ha - H Tnh; ca vnh
Bc B - Quy Nhn; Ninh Thun - B Ra - Vng Tu, bao gm vng bin xung quanh C
o; Vng bin Ty Nam v gia Bin ng, bao gm qun o Hong Sa, Trng Sa v
DK1.
Lp v trin khai k hoch iu tra ngun li hng nm trn cc vng bin. Lp bn
s ha v khai thc hi sn lm c s cho vic cp php v kim sot cng lc khai
thc. Hon thnh vic quy hoch cc vng cm khai thc, vng cm khai thc c thi hn,
cng b danh mc cc loi ngh cm, i tng cm khai thc.
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p dng cc bin php qun l v ni c tr ca c v cc loi thy sn, cc bin

php qun l v qun n cc loi thy sn.
Thc hin nghim ngt cc quy nh v khai thc hi sn theo ma v. Nghim cm
khai thc cc i tng hi sn trong ma sinh sn. Nghim cm s dng cc dng c
khai thc hy hoi mi trng v ngun li hi sn.
Xy dng m hnh chuyn i ngh khai thc ven b km hiu qu, gy xm hi
ngun li, khng thn thin vi mi trng sang cc ngh thch hp khc c hiu qu v
thn thin vi mi trng.
p dng cc quy trnh cng ngh khai thc v bo qun sn phm t gy nhim mi
trng vo qu trnh khai thc v thu mua sn phm lm gim thiu cc tc nhn gy
nhim mi trng do cc hot ng ny mang li.
Tng cng cng tc, thanh tra, kim tra, gim st hot ng trong lnh vc thy sn,
x l nghim cc trng hp vi phm trong lnh vc KTTS, NTTS, CBTS theo ng cc
qui nh ca Lut Thy sn, lut BVMT, An ton VSTP...
Qui nh v vic th ging vo t nhin tt c cc a phng trn c nc vo
ngy 1 thng 4 hng nm (Ngy truyn thng ngh c Vit Nam) Pht ng thnh phong
tro truyn thng thc hin vic th ging thy sn v mi trng t nhin ti tao, pht
trin ngun li thy sn.
5.1.5. Gii php v c ch chnh sch
Chnh sch tn dng gn lin vi chnh sch bo him vn vay
Sn xut thy sn ph thuc nhiu vo thin nhin, thi tit; trong NTTS thng xy
ra dch bnh; trong CBXK b chi phi nhiu bi yu t th trng, gi c, khng hong
kinh t, ti chnh...Do ri ro rt cao. y l l do dn n nhiu t chc tn dng e
ngi cho cc doanh nghip, cho ng dn v nhng ngi NTTS vay vn. V th, vn
vay i vo sn xut thy sn, cn c chnh sch tn dng ng n, v i km vi cc
chnh sch tn dng l cc chnh sch bo him tin vay, i cng vi cc t chc tn dng
l cc doanh nghip bo him sut qu trnh sn xut thy sn.
V tn dng: Cn c mc vay, thi hn vay, li sut vay ph hp vi chu trnh sn
xut thy sn, i vi tng lnh vc sn xut, tng i tng sn xut. Vay cho ng tu
khai thc xa b khc vi vay nui tm, c tra, ba sa; vay pht trin nui bin khc
vi vay u t xy dng nh my ch bin xut khu. Trong giai on t nay n 2020
cn c cc chnh sch tn dng u tin, u i, cc chnh sch bo him cho sn xut ging
sch bnh, sn xut ging nui bin, pht trin ngh nui bin, ng tu khai thc xa b,
pht trin c kh thy sn, sn xut thc n, thuc ng y, ch phm sinh hc...
C chnh sch tn dng cho nng, ng dn ngho c lao ng, c o to ngh
c vay vn tip tc lm ngh thy sn hoc chuyn i ngnh ngh hoc i xut khu
lao ng. Hin nay Ngn hng chnh sch x hi c nhiu chng trnh cho ngi
ngho vay vn, nhng mc vay thp, thi hn vay ngn ch ph hp cho sn xut t tc
trong nng nghip, cha ph hp vi cc ngnh ngh thy sn. Hn na cha c cc chnh
sch bo him vn vay i km, nn ri ro mt vn rt cao i vi c ngi vay v t chc
tn dng.
C chnh sch tn dng u i v li sut vay, thi hn vay v bo m mc vay
cho cc doanh nghip, cc tp on u t kinh doanh thy sn trong tt c cc lnh vc
khai thc, nui trng, ch bin, c bit u tin cho pht trin khai thc xa b, pht trin
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nui bin vng bin, o xa ca T qucpht trin cng ngh sn xut ging thy sn
qu him, c gi tr kinh t cao, pht trin sn xut thc n, thuc ng y, ch phm sinh
hoc, pht trin cng nghip c kh, ng tu, cng ngh bo qun sau thu hoch...
Chnh sch v u t
Thc hin hiu qu Lut khuyn khch u t trong nc i vi tt c cc thnh
phn kinh t v do c th ngnh thy sn, do yu cu pht trin sn xut trn bin gn
vi bo v ch quyn, an ninh quc phng bin o, nn cn nghin cu xut cc chnh
sch u i khc ca Nh nc u t vo hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh thy sn.
Thc hin chnh sch u t c bit: trc ht Nh nc xc nh danh mc u tin
u t cc cng trnh c s vt cht k thut h tng phc v sn xut thy sn, trong
chng trnh pht trin kinh t bin, cc cng trnh h tng phc v nui bin, cc cng
trnh trn cc vng hi o v cc ng trng trng im nh Bch Long V, L Sn,Cn
o, Ph Quc, Trng Sa...
Th n l u tin u t vn cho nghin cu ngun li bin, ngun li thy sn,
nghin cu cng ngh cao, nghin cu cho sinh sn cc ging thy hi sn c bit qu
him, sn xut ging sch bnh, nghin cu dinh dng, sn xut thc n thy sn, nghin
cu bnh thy sn, k thut cng ngh c kh thy sn, cng ngh bo qun sau thu
hoch...
Phi c chnh sch u t pht trin ngun nhn lc thy sn. y l chnh sch
then cht, quan trng v quyt nh lu di n pht trin thy sn.
Trong giai on t nay n 2020, Nh nc tp trung u t dt im cc Trung
tm ngh c ln trn c nc to nn tng, to ng lc cho ngnh thy sn thc hin
CNH-HH.
Chnh sch s dng t, vng nc, mt nc
V chnh sch t ai, giao bin, giao mt nc NTTS cho cc t chc v c nhn
hot ng trong lnh vc thy sn trn a bn c nc, cn thc hin nghim theo Lut
t ai v Lut thy sn. Nhng vng t nng nghip ngp mn chuyn sang NTTS
mang li li ch cao, cc vng nc mn, l, ngt a vo NTTS u mang li li ch cao
hn nhiu ln so vi cng mt n v din tch trng la. Tuy nhin hin nay vic giao t,
mt nc trong NTTS b gii hn hn rt nhiu so vi giao t trong sn xut nng
nghip. Do , cn c chnh sch giao t, mt nc NTTS tng t theo nh t nng
nghip (thi gian thu ti a phi 50 nm) to iu kin cho cc t chc v c nhn
mnh dn u t trong lnh vc thy sn.V li ch v hiu qu mang li t NTTS rt ln,
cn phi c chnh sch gi din tch mt nc NTTS nh gi t cho trng la.
Cn c chnh sch thc hin chng trnh dn in i tha, u tin nhng a
phng c iu kin v qu t pht trin nui trng thy sn cng nghip tp trung
theo hng sn xut hng ha ln. Chnh ph v chnh quyn cc tnh, cc a phng c
chnh sch khuyn khch vic chuyn i rung t, mt nc ao h, m NTTS thnh
nhng vng sn xut cng nghip, sn xut hng ha ln.
Tng cng cng tc thanh tra vic qun l s dng t, pht hin x l nghim cc
trng hp vi phm lut t ai v khen thng kp thi tha ng cc t chc, c nhn s
dng t hiu qu v tit kim.
Tip tc nghin cu a vo cc chnh sch u t khai thc mt t, mt nc
NTTS cha c s dng trn ton quc, c bit l din tch t rung trng, t lm
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mui, t trng la nng sut thp, mt nc h cha v mt nc bin to iu kin

cho cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia pht trin thy sn theo hng sn xut hng ha.
u tin giao hoc cho thu t, vng nc, mt nc c quy hoch cho cc
thnh phn kinh t s dng vo sn xut, pht trin thy sn n nh v lu di.
Chnh sch thu
Thc hin nghim cc Lut thu.
i vi cc thnh phn kinh t hot ng cc ngnh ngh sn xut kinh doanh trn
bin xa, trn cc hi o xa b (Bch Long V, L Sn, Ph Qu, Cn o,Trng Sa),
nh khai thc, nui trng, dch v xng du, nc , c kh ng sa tu c, ... ngh
uc min hon ton cc sc thu trong 3-5 nm u.
i vi cc doanh nghip thuc thnh phn kinh t hot ng trong cc lnh vc ng
dng cng ngh cao sn xut ging sch bnh, nghin cu sn xut ging cc thy,hi
c sn qu him, nghin cu cng ngh, vt liu mi thay th v tu g, nghin cu sn
xut thc phm chc nng c ngun gc t thy sn, ngh c min tt c cc sc
thu trong sut thi gian nghin cu cho ra i sn phm v min tip 3 nm sau khi sn
phm c bn ra trn th trng.
i vi cc doanh nghip Vit nam u t sn xut thc n, thuc ng y, ch phm
sinh hc, cc doanh nghip c kh ng tu ti cc Trung tm ngh c ln c min thu
thu nhp doanh nghip t khi thnh lp n 2020.
Min thu vn chuyn ging nui thy sn n cc vng su, vng xa, hi o v
min thu cho cc doanh nghip nhp cng ngh nui v cng ngh sn xut cc i tng
mi mang li hiu qu cao.
Chnh sch h tr pht trin thy sn
Nh nc chi ngn sch h tr cc hot ng sau:
H tr ng dn dng khai thc vo ma v sinh sn mt s vng bin trn c nc.
H tr ng dn chuyn i ngh khai thc thy sn sang lm cc ngnh ngh khc,
c bit l cc ngnh ngh trn t lin gim p lc vo ngun li.
H tr ng dn ng mi, ci hon tu c trn 90 cv tham gia khai thc vng bin
khi; i tu dch v thu mua hi sn v cung cp nhin liu trn bin.
H tr o to thuyn trng, my trng v thuyn vin tu c cho ng dn.
H tr vic thnh lp v hot ng ca cc t on kt v t hp tc kinh t trn
bin, cc hnh thc t chc sn xut mi.
H tr gia nh ng dn c truyn thng lm ngh khai thc nhng khng c iu
kin pht trin ngh khai thc hi sn xa b, di c khi ni c tr lm ngh khc.
y mnh ci cch th tc hnh chnh to thun li cho cc thnh phn kinh t
tham gia u t vo lnh vc thy sn.
5.1.6. Gii php v o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc
Khuyn khch cc t chc, c nhn thnh lp cc c quan nghin cu, o to, cung
cp dch v k thut thy sn ngoi cng lp bng cch p dng cc chnh sch u i
nh: gim, min thu, cho thu t u i, cho vay vn vi li xut u i xy dng c
s h tng nhm thu ht i ng cn b qun l, khoa hc k thut.
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Xy dng chnh sch thu ht ngun nhn lc c trnh cao v chuyn ngnh thy
sn, chnh sch h tr o to, nng cao trnh cho i ng cn b qun l, nghin cu
khoa hc, cn b k thut,cn b khuyn ng.
C chnh sch bt buc nng cao trnh chuyn mn, nghip v i vi cn b
qun l, nghin cu v cn b lm cng tc khuyn ng. B sung i ng cn b tr c
chuyn ngnh lin quan vo cc c s sn xut kinh doanh thu sn nng cao kinh
nghim thc t v chuyn ngnh, chun b cho lp cn b qun l k cn.
Xy dng chnh sch c tuyn i vi o to ngh v cc h o to khai thc thy
sn. Tuyn chn con em gia nh ng dn c truyn thng, i o to cc trng k thut
v trng dy ngh. C chnh sch a hc sinh, sinh vin, cn b tr ng chc trong
ngnh thy sn i o to trnh cao (i hc, thc s, tin s) cc nc nh an
Mch, Na Uy, Hoa K, AIT, Nga, Ba Lan, Trung Quc, Hn Quc, i Loan ...
Min gim hc ph cho con em nng ng dn vng su, vng xa, ven bin, hi o
theo hc cc chuyn ngnh thu sn; min ph o to bi dng thuyn trng, my
trng, nghip v thuyn vin tu c cho ng dn cc tnh ven bin.
Tng cng nng lc v c s vt cht k thut cho cc t chc nghin cu, o to
chuyn ngnh thy sn o to i ng cn b nghin cu, qun l v k thut. p
ng nhu cu v o to nhn lc khoa hc k thut n nm 2020 vi 400 tin s, 2.950
thc s, 21.490 k s, 29.450 c nhn c trnh cao ng, 37.780 ngi c trnh trung
cp chuyn nghip, 54.220 nhn vin k thut trnh s cp.
Nng cao nng lc, pht trin i ng cn b qun l thy sn t Trung ng n a
phng. n nm 2020 i ng cng chc, vin chc cp Trung ng khong 3.140
ngi, trong c trnh c nhn, k s, thc s, tin s khong 90%. Cp a phng
9.672 ngi, trong c trnh c nhn, thc s, tin s khong 70%.
Kt hp vi cc c s o to t chc cc lp o to v qun l, k thut thy sn,
nng cao trnh cho i ng k thut, cng nhn ca cc c s sn xut; tp hun k
thut, chuyn giao cng ngh cho cc t chc v c nhn sn xut thy sn nhm p ng
nhu cu sn xut v qun l ngnh thy sn.
o to i ng cn b khoa hc k thut, nghin cu cho cc n v nghin cu,
o to, sn xut. u tin o to i ng khoa hc c ngun nhn lc m nhim
chc nng nghin cu khoa hc, cng ngh.
o to cn b trn i hc c chuyn mn su cho cc c quan nghin cu pht
trin cng ngh nui trng thy sn, khai thc v ch bin thy sn.
T chc cc lp o to, tp hun cho ng dn v phng php t chc sn xut,
qun l cng ng ng dn hc tp v c rt kinh nghim.
Tng ngn sch nh nc cho o to, pht trin ngun nhn lc ngnh thy sn.
y mnh x hi ho tng cng huy ng cc ngun vn cho pht trin nhn lc.
Tng nhu cu lao ng thy sn n nm 2020 khong 5 triu lao ng, trong lao
ng KTTS khong 0,6 triu ngi, lao ng NTTS khong 3,5 triu ngi, lao ng
CBTS khong 0,7 triu ngi, v khong 0,2 triu lao ng DVHC ngh c n theo.
5.1.7. Gii php v hp tc quc t
Tng cng v m rng hp tc khu vc v quc t v thy sn. Trao i thng tin
khoa hc, cng ngh v th trng phc v pht trinthy sn. Tranh th hp tc quc t
98
o to ngun nhn lc v trao i kinh nghim, du nhp cc cng ngh tin tin, hin
i.
Tng cng tham gia cc t chc qun l ngh c khu vc v quc t. Tham gia vo
cc cng c quc t v n c di c, cc quc gia c bin , tham gia cc hot ng ca
cc t chc quc t FAO, IPPC, OIE, CODEX, nng cao vai tr ca Vit nam v tham
gia tch cc vo qu trnh xy dng tiu chun quc t; y mnh vic m phn, k kt
cc tha thun song phng v a phng vi cc nc, khu vc v vng lnh th theo
hng tha nhn ln nhau; y mnh hi nhp v hp tc khu vc, khai thc hiu qu v
h tr quc t v m bo VSATTP. K kt tha thun hp tc ngh c vi cc nc trong
khu vc v trn th gii.
Nh nc c chnh sch h tr v mi mt khuyn khch cc doanh nghip, cc
Trng i hc, cc Vin nghin cu khoa hc lin doanh, lin kt vi cc nh u t
nc ngoi u t pht trin thy sn, c bit trong cc lnh vc sn xut ging thy,
hi sn c bit qu him, ging sch bnh, sn xut thc n cng nghip, ch phm sinh
hc, thuc ng y, cng ngh ch bin cc sn phm gi tr gia tng n lin, n nhanh,
cng ngh sn xut thc phm chc nng c ngun gc t thy sn, cng ngh KTTS,
cng ngh vt liu v tu mi, cng ngh sau thu hoch...
Khuyn khch nh u t nc ngoi pht trin nui trng thy sn Vit Nam v
ngi Vit Nam u t pht trin nui trng thy sn nc ngoi.
Hp tc vi cc nc nc v cc t chc quc t pht trin thy sn, nghin cu
khoa hc v chuyn giao cng ngh trong cc lnh vc thy sn ng thi tng cng
nng lc cho ngnh thy sn.
Tip thu c chn lc v p dng cc kinh nghim, phng php qun l tin tin
trong lnh vc thu sn t cc t chc quc t, cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii.
M rng hp tc quc t v khu vc v thng mi v qun l ngnh thu sn, m bo
pht trin ngnh i i vi cc yu cu v an ninh quc phng v i ngoi.
Thu ht ngun vn FDI v ODA cho u t xy dng. y mnh hot ng xc tin
u t trc tip nc ngoi nhm thc y cng nghip ho ngnh thu sn. Tng cng
t chc cc hot ng xc tin u t v thy sn ti cc th trng ngoi nc.
5.1.8. Gii php v u t
- Thu ht u t theo lut khuyn kch u t.
- C bin php thu ht mnh cc ngun lc u t trong x hi. M rng hnh thc
tn dng nhn dn, c bit vng nng thn ven bin trn c nc huy ng ngun
vn nhn ri ca dn, ng thi cho h nng ng dn vay vn pht trin sn xut, hn
ch, tin n xa b tnh trng cho vay nng li ca t thng trong sn xut kinh doanh
thy sn.
- Tn dng thng mi v u t pht trin cn c phi hp, gn kt thng nht,
hiu qu trong c ch, chnh sch ca nh nc, trong trin khai thc hin ca h thng
ngn hng, cc cp chnh quyn a phng, v trong tng doanh nghip, trong tng d
n u t trung v di hn.
- y mnh s chuyn dch, ti c cu kinh t ni b ngnh thy sn thng qua
chnh sch u t tp trung cho cc Trung tm ngh c ln, u t trng im cho cc
lnh vc KHCN cao, u t pht trin ngun nhn lc, u t cc vng NTTS cng nghip
theo hng sn xut hng ha ln gn vi cng nghip CBTS v u ra ca th trng.
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- To c ch, chnh sch ng b thu ht vn u t t cc doanh nghipvo lnh

vc thy sn,
D kin tng nhu cu vn u t cho pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm 2020
khong 60 nghn t ng, trong lnh vc KTTS khong 15 nghn t ng, NTTS
khong 25 nghn t ng, v CBTS khong 20 nghn t ng.
5.1.9. T chc thc hin quy hoach
1. B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn:
L c quan u mi gip Th tng Chnh ph ch o vic thc hin Quy hoch
tng th pht trin thy sn Vit Nam n nm 2020, tm nhn 2030 t mc tiu c
ph duyt.
Thnh lp Ban Ch o thc hin quy hoch, tham mu cho B trng phi hp vi
cc B, ngnh, ch o cc a phng tin hnh trin khai quy hoch, xy dng cc d n
u t; thng xuyn cp nht thng tin, kp thi bo co xut Th tng Chnh ph b
sung, iu chnh quy hoch, bo m vic qun l thc hin quy hoch nng ng, hiu
qu.
Ch tr, phi hp cng cc B, Ban, ngnh xy dng cc c ch chnh sch t
chc thc hin hiu qu cc gii php c xut trong quy hoch.
Ch tr, phi hp vi cc B, ban, ngnh v UBND cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc
Trung ng cng cc c quan c lin quan t chc thc hin Quy hoch, kim tra, gim
st nh gi vic thc hin quy hoch, kp thi b sung, iu chnh ph hp vi tnh hnh
thc t.
Ch tr t chc xy dng v trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt cc chng trnh, d
n u t.
2. Cc B, ngnh c lin quan:
B K hoch v u t, B Ti chnh , c trch nhim cn i, b tr vn ngn sch
u t pht trin, kinh ph hnh chnh, kinh ph s nghip KHCN, s nghip gio dc v
cc ngun kinh ph khc t ngn sch cho cc chng trnh, d n, bo m cc chng
trnh, d n trong danh mc mu tin u t c thc hin hiu qu trong k quy hoch
ng thi, phi hp vi B NN&PTNT v cc B ngnh lin quan r sot li v
nghin cu b sung cc c ch, chnh sch ti chnh, tn dng, u t, m bo to mi
trng, hnh lang php l thun li thc hin hiu qu quy hoch v t c cc mc
tiu c ph duyt.
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng phi hp vi B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn,
cc B, ngnh lin quan,UBND cc tnh, thnh ph, xy dng c ch, chnh sch s dng
t, vng nc, mt nc trong cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh thy sn, cc chnh
sch nhm bo v mi trng, ngun li thy sn trnh cp thm quyn ban hnh thc
hin, bo m cc c s php l v s dng t mt nc n nh, lu di, hiu qu ng
vi Quy hoch c ph duyt.
Tng cc Thng k phi hp vi B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn v cc B,
Ban, ngnh c lin quan, UBND cc tnh, thnh ph xc nh ni dung, xy dng cc
tiu ch, cc ch s gim st, cc ch tiu, biu mu thng k hon thin b cng c
thng k thy sn nhm theo di, nh gi, tng hp kt qu thc hin hng nm v sut
c thi k quy hoch.
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Cc B, ngnh khc c lin quan, ty theo chc nng v nhim v c trch nhim
tham gia, phi hp thc hin cc ni dung ca quy hoch.
3. y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng:
UBND tnh, thnh ph chu trch nhim t chc ch o trin khai thc hin quy
hoch ti a phng, ng thi nh k kim tra, nh gi tnh hnh thc hin quy
hoch, pht hin nhng vn pht sinh t thc tin, kp thi bo co, xut cc B,
ngnh, xut Th tng Chnh ph xem xt b sung, iu chnh cho ph hp vi tnh
hnh thc tin bo m quy hoch c thc hin nng ng, hiu qu, ng mc tiu
trn a bn qun l.
Huy ng v b tr cc ngun lc ca a phng, phi hp vi c quan chuyn
ngnh, trong thi gian u k quy hoch, t chc xy dng hoc b sung iu chnh cc
quy hoch chi tit ti a phng cho tng lnh vc, tng i tng trong sn xut thy
sn ph hp vi quy hoch tng th n 2020, tm nhn 2030 v xy dng cc d n u
t pht trin trong ngnh thy sn a phng quy hoch.
S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn l c quan thng trc, ch tr tham mu
cho UBND tnh, thnh ph t chc trin khai thc hin quy hoch trn a bn.
S NN&PTNT ch tr, phi hp vi cc s, ban ngnh lin quan ch o cc a
phng thuc tnh, thnh ph lp k hoch trin khai thc hin quy hoch. Ch tr lp d
n v hng dn cc doanh nghip, cc HTX, cc h gia nh-ch tu, ch m NTTS lp
cc d n pht trin thu sn theo quy hoch c ph duyt, to mi iu kin thun
li cc d n c thc hin hiu qu, bn vng.
5.2 nh gi hiu qu d n quy hoch
5.2.1. Hiu qu v kinh t
t mc tiu cc ni dung Quy hoch, tng nhu cu vn u t cho cc d n u
tin trong Quy hoch tng th ngnh thy sn khong trn 60 nghn t ng (giai on
2011-2020). Trong , nhu cu vn trong lnh vc KTTS khong 15 nghn t ng, NTTS
khong 25 nghn t ng, v CBTS khong 20 nghn t ng. Thc hin cc kch bn quy
hoch trong iu kin nn kinh t pht trin n nh, khng c s bin ng qu ln ca
khng hong kinh t, hoc cc khng hong khc, khng c cc thm ha bt thng t
thin tai, hiu qu kinh t ca d n Quy hoch tng th s t kh cao. Tng gi tr xut
khu t khong 11 t USD (bnh qun mi nm trn 8 t USD), v trn 22,8 nghn t
ng tiu th ni a.
Gi nh, vi trn 60 nghn t ng c gi vo ngn hng vi li sut t 10%15%/nm, sau 10 nm cho khong thu nhp t 60 -90 nghn t ng. Tuy nhin, vi s
u t cho ngnh thy sn giai on 2011-2020 s cho gi tr xut khu bnh qun mi
nm khong trn 8 t USD, quy theo t gi hin ti khong 20.000 ng/USD, s cho
khon thu nhp khong 1.600 nghn t ng (tnh cho c giai on 2011-2020), gi tr sn
xut KTTS t khong 235 nghn t ng, v gi tr NTTS t khong 2341 nghn t
ng. Tng gi tr sn xut ton ngnh thy sn t khong 4.176 nghn t ng. c tnh
chi ph sn xut thy sn chim t 70-80% tt c cc cng on sn xut, phn li nhun
rng sau thu ton ngnh thy sn t c s t 835-1250 nghn t ng, cao gp 13-20
ln, so vi em 60 nghn t gi ngn hng. R rng, vn u t ca Nh nc cho ngnh
thy sn trong giai on ny em li hiu qu kinh t rt cao.
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5.2.2. Hiu qu v x hi
Hin nay c nc c khong 4 triu lao ng lm vic trong ngnh thy sn, n
nm 2020 ton ngnh thy sn gii quyt vic lm cho khong 5 triu lao ng (bnh qun
mi nm gii quyt vic lm cho khong 0,1 triu lao ng), trong lao ng KTTS
khong 0,6 triu ngi, lao ng NTTS khong 3,5 triu ngi, lao ng CBTS khong
0,7 triu ngi, v khong 0,2 triu lao ng DVHC ngh c . Hin nay t l lao ng
thy sn qua o to rt thp (di 40%), mc tiu n nm 2020 ngnh thy sn phn
u c khong trn 70% lao ng thy sn qua o to. Nng cao kin thc v trnh
cho lao ng thy sn l khu quyt nh thnh bi ca ngnh thy sn trong giai on ny
v mt x hi.
Kt qu tnh ton cc ch tiu quy hoch trong giai on quy hoch cho thy, nng
sut lao ng bnh qun lnh vc CBTS t 23 nghn USD/ngi/nm (tng ng 460
triu VN); lnh vc CBN t nng sut lao ng bnh qun khong 100 triu ng
VN/ngi/nm (tng ng 5.000 USD/ngi/nm); i vi lnh vc NTTS t nng
sut lao ng bnh qun 110 triu ng/ngi/nm; i vi lnh vc KTTS t nng sut
lao ng bnh qun khong 80 triu ng/ngi/nm. Tng li nhun rng ton ngnh t
835-1250 ngn t ng, em li bnh qun thu nhp ca 1 lao ng thy sn vo nm 2020
l 8000-12.500 USD/nm (cao gp 3 ln hin nay). y s l iu kin ci thin v
nng cao i sng cho cng ng ng dn - lao ng thy sn.
Hng nm, cn bo v p thp nhit i thng xuyn b vo vng bin , gy
nhng thit hi rt ln v tu thuyn v tnh mng cho ng dn. Trong quy hoch tng th
xut nhiu d n c trin khai, trong d n s dng qun l h thng tu c
bng vin thm v GIS, d n nng cp cc khu neo u trnh tr bo, d n ng tu
kim ng, kt hp tm kim cu nn, d n i tu cng ch v hnh thnh cc khu HCDV
trn cc tuyn hi o s hn ch ti a cc thit hi mi khi c bo v p thp , cng
nh cc ri ro trong hot ng khai thc trn bin. y l hiu qu ln v mt x hi ca
d n mang li cho ngh c Vit Nam, chm rt tnh trng tu c tht lc, hoc gp nhng
ri ro bt thng trn bin.
5.2.3. Hiu qu v mi trng sinh thi v ngun li thy sn
Hin c nc c trn 1 triu ha mt nc NTTS, trn 126 nghn tu c cc loi v
khong gn 500 c s CBTS quy m cng nghip v nhiu c s ch bin quy m va v
nh .S pht trin t pht v khng theo quy hoch gy ra nhng h ly nghim trng
v mt kinh t-x hi-mi trng, ngun li thy sn. Theo d n quy hoch, n nm
2020 tu c gim cn 95 nghn chic; NTTS trn 1,2 triu ha v trn 1.000 c s CBTS
quy m cng nghip va v nh. Vi quan im gim s lng tu thuyn khai thc gn
b, tu thuyn khai thc th cng, cc loi ngh khai thc gy xm phm ngun li, cc
ngh tiu hao nhiu nhin liu, kin quyt phc hi h sinh thi rng ngp mn, thm c
bin, rn san h, xy dng cc khu bo tn bin, cc quy nh v vic th c ging vo t
nhin cc a phng ... s to iu kin thun li cho cc loi sinh vt thy sinh trn c
3 vng nc: nc ngt, nc mn v nc l pht trin, gp phn phc hi v ti to
ngun li theo hng bn vng v hiu qu. y l kt qu, l ng gp ln m d n quy
hoch ny mang li v mt bo v mi trng sinh thi v ngun li thy sn.
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5.2.4. Hiu qu v quc phng an ninh

Theo quy hoch n nm 2020 c khong 95.000 tu c cc loi, trong c
khong 28.000 tu c xa b (tng trn 3.000 chic so vi hin nay), vi khong 600.000
lao ng ngh c trc tip hot ng thng xuyn trn bin. y l lc lng dn s
thng xuyn bm bin sn xut. Nhng ng dn hot ng khai thc hi sn trn bin
chnh l nhng cng dn bin, l lc lng dn s-dn qun t v, tham gia kim tra,
gim st cc hot ng trn bin. Vi s hin din ca lc lng thy th on tu khai
thc thy sn, s gp phn ngn chn, hn ch nhng tu thuyn nc ngoi xm phm
vng bin Vit Nam. Bn cnh , cng theo Quy hoch, s c nhiu d n cng trnh, c
s vt cht k thut h tng c u t ti cc vng ven bin v trn cc hi o, cc d
n khuyn khch pht trin ng tu ln khai thc xa b, ng tu kim ng, tu cng ch,
cc d n qun l tu c bng cng c vin thm, v tinh, GIS; cc d n u t xy dng
cc Trung tm ngh c ln, cc cng c, cc khu neo u trnh tr bos pht huy hiu
qu kinh t , ng thi s rt c ngha v mt c s vt cht k thut h tr cho lc
lng dn s c iu kin bm bin sn xut di ngy, thng xuyn trn bin, trong thc
hin nhim v an ninh quc phng bin, o.
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KT LUN
(1 Quy hoch tng th ngnh thy sn Vit Nam n nm 2020, tm nhn 2030
c th ha cc quan im, mc tiu, nh hng, l trnh thc hin Chin lc pht trin
thy sn Vit nam n nm 2020 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ti Quyt nh
s 1690/Q-TTg ngy 16/9/2010. Quy hoch cng th hin r cc gii php nhm y
mnh tin trnh CNH-HH ngh c, hon thnh c bn vo nm 2020, gp phn thc hin
thnh cng Chin lc pht trin kinh t x hi Vit nam n nm 2020 c i Hi
ng ton quc ln th XI thng qua.
(2) T tng ch o ca quy hoch tng th thi k ny l chuyn mnh t s
tng trng v sn lng sang pht trin tng v cht lng, trn c s ng dng cc
thnh tu ca khoa hc, cng ngh tin tin nht, trn nn tng ca lc lng lao ng
c qua o to, c trnh ngy cng cao, m bo hi ha hiu qu v cc mt kinh
t, x hi, mi trng trong mi quan h lin ngnh, lin vng, quan h quc gia, quc t.
ng thi, pht trin thy sn lun gn kt hu c vi nhim v bo v an ninh, quc
phng trn bin v hi o.
(3)T nhng t tng , D n Quy hoch ch trng xut cc tng pht
trin KHCN, trong rt ch ti cc d n nghin cu sn xut ging thy hi sn c
bit qu him, cc d n nghin cu sn xut ging sch bnh, cc d n nghin cu cng
ngh, vt liu mi nhm thay th v g ng tu c, cc d n nghin cu v dinh dng
sn xut thc n NTTS, sn xut thuc ng y, ch phm sinh hc, cc d n nghin cu
cng ngh ch bin cc sn phm gi tr gia tng, cc thc phm chc nng c ngun gc
t thy sn, nghin cu bo qun sau thu hochng thi l cc tng v xy dng
lc lng, i ng cn b lao ng thy sn, t o to thy th, thuyn, my trng, o
to ngh, o to chuyn i ngh, o to cn b qun l, cn b KHKT trnh cao, xy
dng Trng i hc thy snng ch l cc tng, cc bin php, bc i
thc hin CNH-HH ngh c thng qua cc xut xy dng, hnh thnh cc vng nui
thy sn tp trung theo m hnh cng nghip, hnh thnh cc Trung tm ngh c ln-c s
nn tng, ng lc, u tu thc hin CNH-HH ngh c.
(4) Cc gii php c la chn da trn thc tin qun l pht trin ngnh nhiu
nm qua mang tnh thc t v kh thi. Cc d n xut u tin u t c tnh ton cht
lc t thc tin sn xut ngnh, c cn nhc p ng cc mc tiu, nh hng pht
trin, bo m tit kim trong iu kin ngn sch nh nc cn eo hp. Tnh k tha v
tnh kh thi c ch trong qu trnh chun b, la chn cc d n bao hm trong tt
c cc lnh vc KTTS, NTTS, CBTS v c bit ch lnh vc c kh HCDV thy sn.
(5) Trong t chc thc hin c quy hoch, D n ch cc bin php nng cao
nng lc qun l nh nc ngnh thy sn, thng qua vic t chc li h thng cc c
quan qun l nh nc v thy sn t Trung ng n a phng, nng cao nng lc cn
b v thc hin quyt lit cng tc ci cch hnh chnh. Song hnh vi tng cng nng
lc qun l nh nc D n rt coi trng vai tr ca cc Hi, Hip hi ngh nghip, rt
ch pht huy tim nng, th mnh ca qun l cng ng, ng thi lu ti s tham
gia, gp sc ca cc B, ngnh chnh quyn cc cp cc tnh, thnh ph.
(6) Rt kinh nghim t nhng bi hc sau hn 50 nm xy dng v pht trin, hn
30 nm i mi c ch qun l t k hoch ha tp trung sang t cn i, t trang tri i
vo c ch th trng, hi nhp vi nn kinh t quc t, Quy hoch tng th pht trin thy
104
sn n 2020, tm nhn 2030 ln ny l s tip tc k tha cc thnh qu ca hn na th

k qua, l khu chun b, l cc thit k ngh c Vit nam bc vo giai on mi, c
bn c CNH-HH vo nm 2020 v hon thnh trn vn vo nm 2030.
105
TI LIU THAM KHO

Phn ti liu ting Vit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
1.
20.
Hi ngh ln th t ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng kho X thng qua (2007),

Chin lc Bin Vit Nam n nm 2020.
Chnh ph Vit Nam (2010), Chin lc Pht trin KT-XH VN n nm 2020.
B Cng nghip (2005), Bo co Quy hoch pht trin in lc vng Kinh t trng
im Bc b giai on 2005-2010.
B Cng nghip (2007), Bo co Quy hoch pht trin sn phm cng nghip ch
yu vng kinh t trng im Bc b n nm 2015, c xem xt n nm 2020.
B Cng thng (2010), Chin lc xut-nhp khu ca Vn n nm 2020.
B Giao thng Vn ti (2005), Quy hoch pht trin giao thng vn ti vng kinh t
trng im Bc b n nm 2010.
B gio dc v o to (2010), Quy hoch pht trin nhn lc VN n nm 2020.
B NN&PTNT (2005), Quy hoch chuyn i c cu sn xut nng, lm nghip v
thy sn ton quc n nm 2010 v tm nhn 2020.
B NN&PTNT (2008-2011). Bo tng kt hng nm v k hoch thc hin cc nm
tip theo.
B NN&PTNT (2009), Chin lc pht trin thy li n nm 2020.
B NN&PTNT (2009), Chin lc pht trin Nng nghip nng thn giai on 20112020.
B NN&PTNT (2009), Chng trnh hnh ng quc gia v pht trin bn vng
ngnh thu sn trong iu kin Vit Nam gia nhp WTO giai on 2010 2012.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn (2010), Chin lc pht trin thy sn Vit
Nam n nm 2020.
B NN&PTNT (2010), K hoch pht trin ngnh Nng nghip v nng thn giai on
2011-2015.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn (2010), Quy hoch h thng cng c, bn c
n nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2030.
B NN&PTNT (2010), Quy hoch pht trin ch bin thu sn ton quc n nm
2020.
B NN&PTNT (2010), Bo co Quy hoch v Pht trin sn xut v tiu th c Tra
vng BSCL n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn (2010), Quy hoch khu neo u trnh tr
bo cho tu c n nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2030.
B NN&PTNT (2010), Phng php d bo trong chng trnh tp hun bi dng cn
b lm cng tc d bo trong ngnh nng, lm nghip v thy sn nm 2010.
20.B NN&PTNT (2010), Quy hoch h thng khu bo tn vng nc ni a n nm
2020.
B NN&PTNT (2011), Chin lc Pht trin xut khu thy sn n n nm 2015 v
nh hng 2020.
106
21. B Thy sn (1998). Bo co nh gi trnh cng ngh ch bin thy sn ng

lnh v sn phm thy sn gi tr gia tng.
22. B Thy sn (1998), Chng trnh nh bt hi sn xa b.
23. B Thy sn (1999), Chng trnh pht trin NTTS thi k 1999-2010.
24. B Thy sn (2001), Bo co pht trin nui trng thy sn cc tnh ven bin - Mt
nm thc hin ngh quyt s 09/NQ-CP ca Chnh ph.
25. B Thu sn (2004), Ngnh thu sn Vit Nam trn ng i mi v hi nhp,
NXB Lao ng.
26. B Thy sn (2006), Quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh thy sn n nm 2010,
nh hng n nm 2020.
27. B Thu sn (2006), Chng trnh pht trin xut khu thu sn n nm 2010, tm
nhn n nm 2020.
28. B Thy sn (2006), nh gi kt qu thc hin chng trnh pht trin Nui trng
thy sn giai on 2000-2005 v bin php thc hin n nm 2010.
29. B thy sn (2001-2007). Bo tng kt hng nm v k hoch thc hin cc nm tip
theo.
30. B Ti nguyn v mi trng (2009), Kch bn v BKH v nc bin dng Vit
Nam.
31. B Ti nguyn v mi trng (2010), Quy hoch s dng t ton quc n nm
2020.
32. Tng cc Thng k (2011), Nin gim thng k cc nm giai on 2001-2010.
33. Tng cc Thu sn (2011). Bo co tng kt thc hin Chng trnh Pht trin Nui
trng thu sn giai on 2000-2010.
34. Tng cc Thu sn (2011), Bo co tng kt thc hin Chng trnh Pht trin Nui
trng thu sn giai on 2000-2010.
35. Trung tm tin hc thy sn (2011), Nghin cu, nh gi qu trnh hi nhp ca
ngnh thy sn Vit Nam vi ngh c th gii, cc d bo xu hng pht trin v
trin vng trong tng lai.
36. Cc thng k cc tnh/thnh ph trn c nc. Nin gim thng k cc tnh/thnh ph
trn c nc giai on 2001-2010.
37. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch Thy sn (2000), Quy hoch ngh khai thc hi sn xa b
vng ng - Ty Nam B n nm 2010.
38. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch Thy sn (2003), Quy hoch ngh khai thc hi sn gn
b cc tnh min Trung n nm 2010.
39. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch Thy sn (2004), Quy hoch ngh khai thc hi sn xa b
vnh Bc B n nm 2010.
40. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch thy sn (2004), Bo co quy hoch pht trin nui tm
v hi sn vng duyn hi Bc B v Bc Trung B giai on 2001-2010.
41. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch thy sn (2005), Quy hoch pht trin thy sn vng kinh
t trng im Bc B thi k 2005 - 2020.
t trng im min Trung thi k 2005 - 2020.
107
t trng im pha Nam thi k 2005 - 2020.
44. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch thy sn (2006), Bo co quy hoch tng th pht trin
thy sn n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020.
45. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch Thy sn (2009), iu tra thc trng v gii php chuyn
i c cu ngh nghip khai thc hi sn ca Vit Nam.
46. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch Thy sn (2009), Tc ng kinh t x hi ca hot ng
khai thc hi sn xa b - Thc trng v gii php.
47. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch thy sn (2009). nh gi hiu qu cc m hnh chuyn
i sang NTTS BSCL.
48. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch thy sn (2010). Bo co quy hoch pht trin nui trng
thy sn BSCL n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020.
49. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch thy sn (2010), Quy hoch pht trin NTTS vng
BSH n nm 2020.
50. Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch thy sn (2010), Quy hoch pht trin NTTS vng
BSCL n nm 2015 v tm nhn 2020.
51. Vin Nghin cu Hi sn (2007), Hin trng ngun li hi sn Vit Nam.
52. Vin Nghin cu Hi sn (2008), Bo co nh gi trnh cng ngh ch bin thy
sn.
53. Vin Nghin cu NTTS III (2010), Bo co quy hoch pht trin nui gip xc n
nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020.
54. Vin Nghin cu NTTS III (2010), Bo co quy hoch pht trin nui nhuyn th
hng ha tp trung n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020.
55. Vin Nghin cu NTTS I (2010), Bo co quy hoch tng th pht trin nui c bin
n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020.
56. Vin Nghin cu NTTS I (2010), Bo co quy hoch pht trin nui c r phi n
nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020.
57. Vin Nghin cu NTTS II (2010), Bo co quy hoch pht trin nui tm vng ven
bin n nm 2020.
58. Vin Nghin cu Hi sn (2011), Nghin cu c s khoa hc phc v cho vic iu
chnh c cu i tu v ngh nghip khai thc hi sn.
59. Vin Qun l Kinh t Trung ng CIEM (2008), Tng quan ngun li hi sn, chin
lc v chnh sch pht trin ngnh thy sn Vit Nam.
60. Vin Qun l Kinh t Trung ng CIEM (2010), Bo co Tc ng ca Hi nhp
kinh t quc t i vi nn kinh t sau ba nm Vit Nam gia nhp WTO.
61. Vin Qun l Kinh t Trung ng CIEM (2010), Bo co phn tch kinh t chin
lc ngnh thy sn Vit Nam.
62. Vin Quy hoch thy li min Nam (2011), Quy hoch tng th thy li BSCL
trong iu kin Bin i kh hu-nc bin dng n nm 2020, nh hng 2030.
63. S NN&PTNT cc tnh/thnh ph trn c nc, Bo co Quy hoch tng th pht
trin thy sn ca cc tnh n nm 2020, nh hng 2030.
108
64. S NN&PTNT cc tnh/thnh ph trn c nc, Bo co tnh hnh thc hin k hoch
hnh nm giai on 2001-2-11 v k hoch thc hin cc nm tip theo.
65. V Ngc t (2006), Hin trng nui cua BSCL, trng H Cn Th.
66. Vn Khng, Nguyn Chu Hi (2005). Bo v mi trng v ngun li thy sn:
nhng thnh tu, thch thc, nh hng v cc gii php. NXB Nng Nghip. Hi
tho ton quc v bo v mi trng v ngun li thy sn, 21 - 41tr.
67. Nguyn Ch Thnh (2003), t ngp nc BSCL v vn NTTS. Bo co khoa
hc, Vin Nghin Cu Nui Trng Thy Sn II.
68. Nguyn Thanh Phng v Ts Trn Ngc Hi (2005), Tng quan hin trng v xu
hng pht trin tm cng xanh th gii v Vit Nam, Khoa Thy Sn i hc Cn
Th.
69. Phm Vn c, Nguyn L Hnh, Nguyn Th Phong (2002). Kh hu khu vc Nam
B v quy lut xut hin l BSCL lin quan n pht trin NTTS, NXB Nng
Nghip. Tuyn tp ngh c sng Cu Long, 82-95tr.
70. Phm Vn Min (2003), Nghin cu xut cc ch tiu sinh hc gim st h sinh
thi thy sinh thuc lu vc sng M Kng ca Vit Nam, Bo co khoa hc y Ban
sng M Kng Vit Nam.
71. ng Vn Thi v cng s (2005). Tng quan ngun li v h sinh thi vng bin
Vnh Bc B, ng Nam B v Ty Nam B.
72. Hip hi ch bin v xut khu thy sn Vit Nam, Thng k xut khu thy sn Vit
Nam giai on (2001-2011).
73. Nguyn Khc Minh (2002), Cc phng php phn tch v d bo trong kinh t, Nh
XBKH&KT.
74. Nguyn Khc Minh (2009), Bi ging v phn tch v d bo, Trung tm Thng tin
v d bo Kinh t X hi Quc Gia, BKH&T.
75. Hip hi ch bin thy sn Vit Nam (2011), Hi tho D bo ngnh thy sn Vit
Nam 2011 (Vietnam Seafood Industry Outlook Conference - ViSIO2011), t chc
ngy 4/6/2011 ti TPHCM.
76. Nguyn Vn Phc, Vin Kinh t Thnh ph H Ch Minh (2010), Cc phng php
d bo kinh t v kh nng p dng cho Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
77. Trng i hc Kinh t Quc dn (2003), Gio trnh d bo Kinh t-x hi.
78. Quyt nh s 279/2005/Q-TTg ngy 03/11/2005 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic
ban hnh Quy ch xy dng v thc hin Chng trnh xc tin thng mi quc gia
giai on 2006 2010.
79. Quyt nh s 2375/Q-BNN-QLCL ngy 21/8/2010 ca B trng B NN&PTNT
ban hnh Quy ch mu v t chc v hot ng ca Chi cc Qun l Cht lng
Nng Lm sn v Thy sn.
80. Thng t s 06/2010/TT-NHNN ngy 07/4/2010 ca Ngn hng Nh nc Vit
Nam hng dn quy nh chi tit v chnh sch cho vay u i li sut theo chng
trnh h tr cc huyn ngho ti Ngh quyt s 30a/2008/NQ-CP ngy 27/12/2008
ca Chnh ph.
109
81. Quyt nh s 10/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ngy 16/01/2006 v vic

ph duyt Quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh thu sn n nm 2010 v nh
hng 2020.
82. Thng t s 03/2006/TT-BTS ngy 12 thng 04 nm 2006 ca B trng B thy
sn v vic hng dn thc hin Quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh thy sn n
nm 2010 v nh hng 2020 trn phm vi ton quc.
83. Tham kho ti liu c lin quan trn mt s trang tin in t c lin quan sau:
- http://www.dangcongsan.vn (C quan Trung ng ng Cng sn Vit Nam).
- http://www.chinhphu.vn (Chnh ph Vit Nam).
- http://www.mpi.gov.vn (B K hoch v u t).
- http://www.agroviet.gov.vn (B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn)
- http://www.moit.gov.vn (B Cng thng).
- http://www.monre.gov.vn (B Ti nguyn v Mi trng).
- http://www.ncseif.gov.vn (Trung tm Thng tin v d bo KT-XH Quc gia).
- http://www.fistenet.gov.vn (Tng Cc thy sn).
Phn ti liu ting Anh

84. Delgado C.L, Wada N, R, Rosegrant M.W, Meijer S, Ahmed M, Fish to 2020supply and demand in changing global markets.IFPRI, WoldFish Center, 2003.
85. Ahmed M, Delgado C.L, Sverdrup Jensen S, Santos A.V 1999, Fisheries policy
research in developing countries, Issues,priorities and needs. Manila ICLARM.
86. FAO (2001), The state of wold fisheries and aquculture.
87. FAO (2003), Review of state of aquaculture FAO Fisheries Circular No886 Rev. 2,
Rome.
88. FAO, S liu thng k sn lng NTTS, KTTS, thng mi thy sn ton cu ca giai
on 2000-2009 v mt s d bo ca FAO n nm 2020 v 2030.
89. FAO, Global Aquaculture outlook in the next decades, An analysis of national
aquaculture production forecasts to 2030.
90. Pinyck, Robert S., v D. L. Rubinfeld (1991), M hnh kinh t lng v cc d bo
kinh t (3d ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
91. Anderson, P. A. (1979), Gip cc nh d bo kinh t vng: T hi quy vc t.
92. Newbold, P., and D.I. Harvey (2002), Kt hp d bo v thut ton bo, in: M.P.
Clements and D.F. Hendry, eds., C Companion to Econmic Forecasting (Blackwll
Press: )xford) 268- 283.
93. Pcoe,S et al (2001), D bo ngun hi sn bng m hnh DEA.
94. Tham kho mt s ti liu nc ngoi trn mt s trang tin in t sau:
- http://www.fao.org (T chc Lng thc v Nng nghip ca Lin Hip Quc)
- http://www.worldfishcenter.org (Trung tm Thy sn th gii)
110

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TNG CC THY SN

VIN KINH T QUY HOCH THY SN

QUY HOCH TNG TH PHT TRIN NGNH THY

H Ni, thng 7 nm 2012

1.4. Phm vi, ni dung quy hoch .................................................................................13

1.5. Phng php quy hoch .........................................................................................14

1.6. Sn phm quy hoch ..............................................................................................17

2.3. Hin trng pht trin NTTS ..................................................................................25

2.3.2. Nui trng thy sn nc ngt ...................................................................................... 27

2.4. Thc trng pht trin CBTS .................................................................................31

3.2. D bo v khoa hc cng ngh trong lnh vc thy sn ......................................47

3.3. D bo ngun li, mi trng sinh thi thy sinh ...............................................48

3.3.3.3. nh hng ca nc bin dng v tc ng n ngnh thy sn .......................... 54

4.4.4.1. Quy hoch c cu sn lng v gi tr xut khu .................................................. 83

4.4.4.4. Quy hoch CBXK thy sn kh ............................................................................... 85

4.5. xut cc d n u tin u t pht trin.........................................................89

5.2 nh gi hiu qu d n quy hoch ......................................................................101

KT LUN ............................................................................................................ 104

Bng 2. C cu tu thuyn khai thc thy sn phn theo cng sut my

Bng 3. C cu tu thuyn khai thc theo vng kinh t nm 2011

Bng 4. Hin trng c cu ngh khai thc thy sn giai on 2001-2010

Bng 7. Hin trng c cu sn lng khai thc hi sn theo vng kinh t

Bng 8. Sn lng KTTS ni a qua cc nm

Bng 9. Din tch NTTS ton quc giai on 2001-2010

Bng 10. Sn lng NTTS ton quc giai on 2001-2010

Bng 11. Din tch nui mn, l theo i tng nm 2010

Bng 12. Sn lng nui mn, l theo i tng nm 2010

Bng 13. Nng sut nui mn, l theo i tng nm 2010

Bng 14. Din tch nui ngt theo i tng nm 2010

Bng 15. Sn lng nui ngt theo i tng nui nm 2010

Bng 16. Nng sut nui thy sn nc ngt nm 2010

Bng 17. Cc c s ch bin thy sn xut khu

Bng 18. Nng lc thit b cng ngh trong cc nh my CBTS

Bng 19. S lng v loi thit b cp ng nm 2011

Bng 20. C cu sn phm thu sn XK Vit Nam giai on 2001-2011

Bng 21. Sn phm thu sn ch bin tiu th ni a ton quc qua cc nm

Bng 23. D bo nhu cu-cu nguyn liu trong nc n nm 2020

Bng 24. D bo nhu cu nguyn liu cho ch bin thy sn n nm 2020

Bng 25. D bo nhu cu nhp khu nguyn liu thy sn n nm 2020

Bng 26. D bo th trng tiu th thy sn ca Vit Nam n nm 2020

Bng 27. D bo lng cung thy sn ton cu n nm 2020

Bng 28. D bo nhu cu tiu th thy sn ton cu n nm 2015

Bng 29. D bo nhu cu tiu th thy sn ton cu n nm 2020

Bng 30. Cn bng cung-cu thy sn ton cu n nm 2020

Bng 31. Ngun li hi sn VN nm 2005 vi gi nh c gi n nh n 2020

Bng 32. Knh bn mc tng nhit TB nm so vi thi k 1980-1999

Bng 33. Kch bn mc tng lng ma TB nm so vi thi k 1980-1999

Bng 34. Kch bn nc bin dng so vi thi k 1980-1999

Bng 35. Phng n I quy hoch KTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)

Bng 36. Phng n II quy hoch KTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n chn)

Bng 38. Phng n I quy hoch NTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)

Bng 39. Phng n II quy hoch NTTS n nm 2020 (Phng n chn)

Bng 41. Phng n I quy hoch CBTS n nm 2020 (Phng n so snh)

Bng 42. Phng n II quy hoch CBTS n nm 2020 (Phng n chn)

Bng 44: Quy hoch sn lng khai thc thy sn

Bng 53. Quy hoch khu neo u tu c n 2020

Bng 55. Quy hoch sn lng NTTS ton quc n 2020

Bng 56. Cc ch tiu pht trin nui tm s n nm 2020

Bng 57. Cc ch tiu quy hoch nui tm chn trng n nm 2020

Bng 58. Cc ch tiu pht trin nui c tra

Bng 59. Quy hoch nui nhuyn th n nm 2020

Bng 60. Quy hoch nui c bin n nm 2020

Bng 61. Quy hoch nui c r phi n nm 2020