GRID

FACTS
Solutions to optimise network performance
22
Evaluation to installation
Feasibility studies
System design and execution of turnkey FACTS solutions (SVC, STATCOM,
FSC and TCSC)
Studies and project management
Line commutated converter valves, using thyristors of up to 125 mm/
8.5 kV
Voltage-source converters using IGBTs
Fully digital control based on high performance processor units
Installation, commissioning and testing
Training and maintenance
Service of 24/7 on-line monitoring.
Our feld of expertise
Our worldwide presence:
Better solutions for your network all around the world
FACTS
Solutions to optimise your network
Philadelphia
Sao Paulo
Tampere
Konstanz
Stafford
Noida
Beijing
FACTS Unit
HVDC Unit
Manufacturing and Test lab
3
Alstom Grid offers customers a solution to save energy and
to improve power quality by reactive power compensation
and harmonic fltering
FACTS
Improved power quality, increased
capacity and controllability of an existing
network can be provided through the
application of innovative technologies.
Power electronics-based equipment,
including Flexible AC Transmission
Systems (FACTS), provide proven,
dynamic and cost-effective solutions to
address these new operating challenges.
More and more, the installation of
FACTS equipment is widely recognised
by network suppliers and industrial
energy managers. Grid operators can
gain accurate control of reactive power
in the network, maximise power fow
along existing lines and improve steady-
state and dynamic stability within the
system.
FACTS solutions installed in an industrial
power supply give the energy manager
control over stability and manage
acceptable voltage fuctuations created
by rapidly varying reactive power
demands. The results are increased
productivity, reduced utility charges and
improved equipment life.
FACTS technologies provide the
customer with a fexible solution that
has minimal infrastructure investment,
low environmental impact, and rapid
implementation time.
A pioneer in series compensation development
Reduce need for new transmission line or new generation
Reduce losses on network and increase use of power generated
Reduce footprint with installation on existing substations.
FACTS environmental benefts
1990-2010
FSC installations
FSC main components
Capacitors Spark gap
Damping
reactors
By-pass
breaker
Control
4
Innovative products
As one of the worlds leading providers of grid solutions and a global leader in power electronics, Alstom Grid
has developed a range of cost-effective solutions to ensure optimal power quality and security. Power quality
optimisation means asset utilisation maximisation, enhanced service quality and reduced operating costs. Our
comprehensive portfolio of FACTS devices is dedicated to enhancing the power quality and performance of our
customers AC transmission systems around the world.
Alstom Grid FACTS solutions include:
FACTS
Fixed and Relocatable SVCs (Static VAr Compensators): dynamically variable sources of reactive power to stabilise the network
voltage, damp system instabilities and reduce ficker for both transmission and industrial applications
A global leader for shunt compensation
Utility
Industry
2000-2010 installations
Thyristor
valves
Capacitors Reactors Power
transformer
Control
SVC main components
5
FACTS
SVC MaxSine STATCOM: Very fast voltage source converter-based compensators
which, compared to SVCs, offer improved range of operational voltage, a faster
response and a smaller site area.
FSC (Fixed Series Capacitors): switchable banks of capacitors inserted in series with a line to compensate for the inductive voltage
drop in the line, effectively allowing power transmission over greater lengths of line.
TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors): similar to FSCs but provide dynamic controllability of power fow and can mitigate the
effects of sub-synchronous resonance.
HV
Bypass disconnect
Isolation
disconnect
Isolation
disconnect
TCSC modules
Bypass breaker
di/dt limiting inductor
MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV
6
With FACTS, gain greater fexibility in network
operation with the ability to deliver optimum power
Reactive power compensation
Electricity suppliers charge for all the
power they deliver not only the active
power needed to drive motors, but also
the reactive power needed, for example,
to maintain the magnetic felds of
motors.
Only part of the reactive power is
included in the price for electricity. If the
reactive power is generated by a power
plant, the distribution system and all the
equipment have to be dimensioned to
cope.
The capacity has to be much higher than
is actually needed. It is therefore sensible
to generate the reactive power where it
is needed. The benefts are:
Correct dimensioning of distribution
system and equipment brings
savings at source
No need for reinforcement of
transmission or distribution systems
Cheaper electricity rates, no reactive
power charges.
Harmonic fltering
In connection with reactive power
compensation, power quality should
also be considered. Harmonic fltering
reduces the risk of technical faults and
disturbances. Voltage distortion resulting
from harmonic currents is caused by
inverters, DC drives, fuorescent lighting,
converters, arc furnaces, etc. In practice,
harmonic currents are everywhere.
Harmonic fltering brings a number of
bonuses:
Minimised disturbances in
telecommunications and data
transmission
Electronics, control systems,
converters, motors and generators
operate without interruption
No resonance, no measurement
errors, less transmission losses
No risk of overloading cables,
nuisance tripping of relays or fuses
Poor power quality may remain
unnoticed for a long time. Quality
defciency may easily bring extra costs in
the form of high electricity bills and an
oversized power system.
High voltage equipment
High voltage power capacitor units
include a wide range of one and three-
phase all-flm dielectric power and surge
protection capacitor units.
Featuring the most modern technology,
they are produced to meet the
requirements of different climatic and
operating conditions. The capacitor
banks can be open rack or enclosed, high
or low power, fxed or automatically
controlled, integrated or for use with
individual motors. Harmonic flters are
an economical method of compensating
and reducing harmonic currents caused
by non-linear loads.
Harmonic flters are individually
designed to meet the customers specifc
requirements.
Air-Core Reactors (ACR)
Air-core, air-cooled, dry-insulated
reactors are manufactured for different
applications. The range includes series,
damping, flter, discharge, shunt and
SVC reactors. The advanced production
technology ensures excellent mechanical
and electrical properties even under
extreme weather conditions.
Series capacitors
Series capacitors are used for a more
effcient use of transmission lines.
The diversifcation of generation,
transmission and distribution in addition
to long transmission distances and
large generating power plants result in
increased demand for economical and
reliable operation of the transmission
system. Demand for increasing power
transfer means either new parallel
FACTS
7
transmission lines or compensating the
existing ones. Series compensation is
an economical method of improving the
power transmission capability of the
lines. Series capacitors increase power
transfer capability, improve system
stability, reduce system losses, improve
the voltage profle of lines, and optimise
current sharing between parallel lines.
The cost of a series capacitor bank is
typically only about 10 % of the cost of a
new transmission line. Thus the payback
time for the series capacitor bank
investment is typically only a few years.
Static VAr Compensators
Disturbances in the normal operation
of transmission lines and industrial
distribution systems may be caused by
line switching, line faults, non-linear
components such as thyristor controls
and rapidly varying active or reactive
loads. Problems caused by harmonics,
need for additional reactive power,
voltage fuctuation, ficker phenomena,
unbalanced loads and rapid changes in
reactive power can be solved by a Static
VAr Compensator (SVC). The SVC is
designed to give an individual solution,
based on standard components, to meet
each customers needs.
SVC MaxSine STATCOM
SVC MaxSine is the fastest high power
compensation equipment in the market.
It is a modular compensation system
based on proven power electronic units
(PEU). Due to the modular design, the
size of the compensation system can
easily be adjusted to the customers
needs. SVC MaxSine can compensate
fundamental reactive power, control
voltage and eliminate harmonic current
depending on the selected operation
mode with a high dynamic perfomance,
with the aim of stabilizing the grid
voltage and minimizing any transient
disturbances.
With more than 300 Static VAr Compensators (SVC) and over 100 Fixed Series Capacitors (FSC)
delivered throughout the world over the past 50 years, we are recognised as a technology leader. Our
solutions increase your network reliability and effciency.
FACTS
SVC MaxSine Windfarm application in Portugal for
indoor capacitor banks
S500 3D model
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ALSTOM Grid Worldwide Contact Centre
www.grid.alstom.com/contactcentre
Tel: +44 (0) 1785 250 070
www.grid.alstom.com