1

1.2

1.
: ,

+ .
+ = .

2.
: ,
.

>


.
= = +

= + =

3.
:


, =
.

4.
: 0
1

5.
: : + = +
: =

6.
: : ( + ) + = + ( + )
: ( ) = ( )

7.
:
( + ) = +

( ) =

1.
0 : + 0 = 0 + =
0,
.

2.
1 : 1 = 1 =

1, .

3.
:

4.
:

.

5.
:

6.
:

,

.

7.
: 10 , 100, 1000
1, 2, 3

8.
:
,

.

9.
:


8

10.
:

8 9

11.
:
,
+
( + ) ( )
10

12.
: ( + )( + ) = + + +

1.

) 35 (22 9)
) (35 22) + 9

) 35 (22 9) = 35 13 = 22
) (35 22) + 9 = 13 + 9 = 22

) 35 22 + 9

8 -10

) 35 22 + 9 = 13 + 9 = 22

2.
:
) 38 15 4 + 36 2
) 2 16 + 4 5 17 + 9
) 3 (25 8) 4 (5 + 2) + 2 3

) 38 15 4 + 36 2 = 23 4 + 36 2 =
=19 + 36 2 = 55 2 = 53

8 -9-10

) 2 16 + 4 5 17 + 9 = 32 + 20 17 + 9 =
= 52 17 + 9 = 35 + 9 = 44
) 3 (25 8) 4 ( 5 + 2) + 2 3 = 317 4 7 + 2 3 =
= 51 28 + 6 = 23 + 6 = 29

3.

) 5(17 + 3)
) 15(17 7)
) ( 2 + 8)( 16 + 4)

) : 5 (17 + 3) = 5 20 = 100
: 5 (17 + 3) = 5 17 + 53 = 85 + 15 = 100

10-12
7

) : 15 (17 7) = 1510 = 150

: 15(17 7) = 15 17 157 = 255 105 = 150
) : (2 + 8) (16 + 4) = 10 20 = 200
: (2 + 8) (16 + 4) = 2 16 + 2 4 + 816 + 8 4 =
= 32 + 8 + 128 + 32 = 40 + 160 = 200

4.

) 3577 + 3573
) 489123 48923
) 376 1010

) 3577 + 3573 = 357(7 + 3) = 357 10 = 3570

) 543 999
5-7-11

) 489123 48923 = 489(123 23) = 489100 = 48900

) 376 1010 = 376(1000 + 10) = 376 1000 + 376 10 = 376000 + 3760 = 379760
) 543 999 = 543(1000 1) = 5431000 5431 = 543000 543 = 542457

5.
1 1000
= 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + 998 + 991 + 1000
5




..
= (1 + 1000) + (2 + 999) + (3 + 998) + . . . + (500 + 501)
500 , .
1001.
= 5001001 = 500500

6.

)
)
6
7
9

10
5 9
12

)
6 10 5

6 7 8
6 + 7 + 8 = 21
9 4 8

21 ( 6 + 9) = 21 15 = 6
2 21 ( 6 + 7) = 21 13 = 8
.
)
2
10 + 5 + 12 = 27

27 ( 10 + 9) = 27 19 = 8
.

10 11 6
5 9 13
12 7 8

7.

)
52

)
... 5 7 3
... 6 ...
3 4 ... 5

18
+

33

25

) ()
) 3 5,
, 10 3,
13 8 5.
8.
7 6. ,
, 6 , 0.
0.
1
3.
)
)
34

3
8
19

26

1
0

8.
290 , 190 60 .
38 ,
7 , 5 2 .
.

.
;

738 = 266
290 266 = 24
5 38 = 190
.
238 = 76
.
76 60 = 16

9.
= 15 , = 18 = 13 ,
= ( + ) (78 28) + ( ) ( 14 + 6) ( + + )


= (15 + 18) (78 28) + ( 18 13) ( 14 + 6) (15 + 18 + 13 ) =
= 3350 + 520 46 =
8 9 10
= 1650 + 100 46 = 1750 46 = 1704

10.
+ = 17, + = 35 ,
i) + 3 + ,
ii) + + + + 14

3 -5
i) + 3 + = + + 3 = ( + ) + 3 = 17 + 3 = 20
ii) + + + + 14 = + + + + 14 =
= ( + ) + ( + ) + 14 =
= 17 + 35 + 14 = 66

11.
= 15 + 24 7 = 2( 7 + 3) 53 + 1,
= 16 + + 12 +

8-9-10
=15 + 2 4 7 = 15 + 8 7 = 23 7 = 16
= 2( 7 + 3) 53 + 1 = 2 10 53 + 1 =
= 20 15 + 1 = 5 + 1= 6
= 16 + 16 + 12 + 6 = 50

12.

40 . 1
2 12 . 2 5 7.
3 12 2. .
;

40 + 12 + 7 + 2 = 61
2 + 5 + 12 = 19
61 19 = 42

13.
3 .


1
87
153
2
72
94
3
63
133

229

)
) 500 .
;
) 2 3
50 20 .
4
;
) 3 ,
2 .
;

)
153 87 = 66
229 ( 87 + 72 ) = 229 159 = 70
72 + 94 = 166
70 + 63 = 133
66 + 94 + 63 = 223
229 + 223 = 452

1 87
2 72
3 70

229

66
94
63
223

153
166
133
452

)
500 153 = 347
)
3 50 + 20 = 150 + 20 = 170
166 + 4 = 170

)
1332 = 266