Data Block trong S7-300

Tng Quan

Data Block (DB) l khi vng nh, n c dng cha mt danh sch cc bin c h tr trong S7-
300. Trong S7-300 khng c sn cc khi DB. Ta phi to v cu hnh cc khi DB trong Step7 ri
download xung S7-300 ging nh cc khi OB, FB, FC.

truy cp vng nh trong DB ta dng cu trc a ch dng DBx.DBty hoc DBx.Dbty.z vi kiu BIT.
Trong x l ch s ca khi DB (v d DB1, DB2, ), t: l k hiu tng ng vi kiu vng nh nh
bng di, y l a ch BYTE ca vng nh trong khi DB, z l a ch BIT ca vng nh trong khi DB.

Kiu vng nh K hiu t V d
BIT X DB1.DBX0.0
BYTE B DB1.DBB1
WORD W DB1.DBW2
DOUBLE WORD D DB1.DBD4

Khi ta truy cp vng nh DB, bt buc vng nh phi tn ti trong PLC tc l ta to vng nh
trong Step7 v download xung PLC, nu khng PLC s bo li v chuyn PLC sang ch STOP. Ta
c th vn gi PLC ch RUN bng cch s dng cc khi OB tng ng, ta s bn v iu ny
trong mt ch khc.

To v cu hnh DB

By gi ta s to mt khi DB n gin trong Step7 Manager. Trc tin ta m li project example.
Right click trn biu tng Blocks ri chn Insert New Object Data Block m hp thoi
Properties Data Block. Trong mc Name and type, ta nhp tn ca khi DB l DB1, chn kiu DB l
Shared DB. Mt khi DB vi tn DB1 c tajo ra trong th mc Blocks.

By gi ta m khi DB_EXAMPLE trong LAD/STL/FBD bng cch double click trn biu tng ca n
trong ca s Objects. Ta thy giao din nh hnh sau


Ta c cc trng sau:
Address: a ch tng i ca bin trong khi DB.
Name: Tn bin
STRUCT: Kiu bin (v d REAL, WORD, ).
Initial value: Gi tr khi to ca bin. y l gi tr c gn cho bin khi ta download khi DB
xung PLC.
Comment: Ch thch cho bin.
thm mt bin, bn nhp tn bin, kiu d liu, gi tr khi to v ch thch nu cn ri bm ENTER,
Step7 t ng thm mt hng mi bn thm bin mi, hoc bn c th right click trn hng bt k ri
chn Declaration Line thm bin mi. Trng a ch c gn t ng, ta khng th nhp
trng ny. Di y l mt s bin v d ti nhp trong khi DB1, sau khi khai bo xong cc bin, ta
click nt Save lu cu hnh cho khi DB1.



Shared DB v Instance DB

Sharred DB l khi Data Block bnh thng m ta cu hnh nh phn trn, n ch l mt khi DB c lp
dng lu mt danh sch bin v ta phi to danh sch bin ny bng tay.

Instance DB l mt khi DB c s dng cho FB. FB (Function Block) l mt khi lp trnh cho php ta
vit lnh trong thc hin mt s cng vic nht nh. FB cung cp mt giao din (Interface) gm
cc kiu bin IN, OUT, IN_OUT, STAT, TEMP. Ngoi tr kiu TEMP, cc kiu khc c cp vng nh
trong mt khi DB i km, tc l khi ta gi mt khi FB no , ta phi gn a ch ca khi DB nh mt
tham s i km v danh sch bin ca khi DB ny hon ton ging vi danh sch bin m ta cu hnh
trong khi FB.

Ta khng th to cc bin trong Instance DB bng tay, cc khi Instance c to t ng bng Step7.
Trc tin ti to mt khi FB1 lm v d, cc bn c th t mnh to mt khi FB ri lm tng t
nh ti theo mt trong hai cch sau y.
Right click trn Blocks ri chn Insert New Object Data Block hin th hp thoi
Properties Data Block. Trong mc Name and type nhp tn l DB2, kiu l Instance DB v khi FB
tham chiu l FB1 ri click OK. Mt khi DB2 c to ra trong th mc Blocks.
Trong khi OB1 bn g lnh (CALL FB1, DB2) ri bm ENTER. Nu DB2 c th mi vic
bnh thng, nu DB2 cha tn ti th mt hp thoi hin ra nh hnh di, nh bn c mun to DB2
hay khng. Bn click Yes to n v hon tt. Kt qu l khi DB2 c to ra.


By gi ta m khi DB2 trong LAD/STLFBD, hp thoi Open Data Block m ra, bn click Yes hay
No u c. Ta s thy danh sch bin nh hnh di.


y l danh sch bin c khai bo trong khi FB1, n c to t ng trong khi DB2. y ta c
thm ct Declaration hin th bin l kiu IN, OUT, IN_OUT, hay STAT.

Tm li, danh sch bin c khai bo trong FB s c to t ng trong khi Instance DB tham chiu
ti n, ta khng th chnh sa danh sch bin ny bng tay.