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./01 $23
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Ic !Icnyn Is a cvson caaIIc of IIIng 20 IncI avgcs fvon 00
nccvs wII sanuavu, vacI gvauc cquIncn anu annunIIon. 1Ic
!Icnyn uocs no vcIy on sccIaI cquIncn fov cxccIIcn
navIsnansII, Iu on vuc sIIII anu InowIcugc. 1Ic !Icnyn Is non-
aggvcssIvc, aIcn anu IcsIan o usc a vIc. !Icnyn can II any avgc Icy
scc.
1
!cIng aIIc o II avgcs a 00n Is sIIII unIquc o Ic !Icnyn. !cIng
aIIc o II a 00n naxInIzcs youv cffccIvcncss wIIIc nInInIzIng youv vIsI.
Mos auvcvsavIcs can onIy consIscnIy II avgcs a 00n anu cIoscv. !y IcIng
Icyonu 00n, Ic !Icnyn Is a IIIc safcv, yc vcvy cffccIvc.
1Ic IncnIon of IIs anIIc Is o offcv Ic InfovnaIon o cquI
avcvagc woncn anu ncn wII Ic funuancnaI sIIIIs anu InowIcugc o Icconc
cxcv !Icnyn.
#7889:2; / *:<3
!ov ouv uvoscs, caIIIcv anu vac of Ivc avc Ic cIcncns wIIcI nccu
nos consIucvaIon wIcn cIoosIng a vIc. Moucvn nIIIavy-yc vIcs avc
vcfcvvcu as Icy avc ofcn IcnIfuI, cIca, auo IoauIng ,scnI-auonaIc, anu
vovcn. Incc wc Ian on IcIng conccn wII avgcs a 00 nccvs, wc nccu a
caIIIcv consIscnIy caaIIc of IIIng Icsc avgcs.
?-0( +"* 2'++)*$ 0/ @*A#.>+0. '.5 B0.:0-5C +"* D6.>)*$ 0/ B"#'&'$ '.5 +"*
&-'#-#*$ 0/ +"* @#++)* E#>"0-.C +"* <#=*(1. "'$ 2**. &-*$*.+8 !"* <#=*(1. F>"+$ #.
5*/*.$* 0/ +"*#- :0((6.#+1G$ 7')6*$ '.5 /0- +"* &-*$*-7'+#0. 0/ +"*#- ,'1 0/ )#/*8 !"*
:'6$* 0/ +"* <#=*(1. #$ D6$+#:*3 /0- +"*#- &*0&)*C '$ +"*#- &*0&)*C +"* <#=*(1. &*-$#$+$ /0-
'6+0.0(1C ,"#:" #$ /-**50(8
./01 $23
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Ic !Icnyn Is a cvson caaIIc of IIIng 20 IncI avgcs fvon 00
nccvs wII sanuavu, vacI gvauc cquIncn anu annunIIon. 1Ic
!Icnyn uocs no vcIy on sccIaI cquIncn fov cxccIIcn
navIsnansII, Iu on vuc sIIII anu InowIcugc. 1Ic !Icnyn Is non-
aggvcssIvc, aIcn anu IcsIan o usc a vIc. !Icnyn can II any avgc Icy
scc.
1
!cIng aIIc o II avgcs a 00n Is sIIII unIquc o Ic !Icnyn. !cIng
aIIc o II a 00n naxInIzcs youv cffccIvcncss wIIIc nInInIzIng youv vIsI.
Mos auvcvsavIcs can onIy consIscnIy II avgcs a 00n anu cIoscv. !y IcIng
Icyonu 00n, Ic !Icnyn Is a IIIc safcv, yc vcvy cffccIvc.
1Ic IncnIon of IIs anIIc Is o offcv Ic InfovnaIon o cquI
avcvagc woncn anu ncn wII Ic funuancnaI sIIIIs anu InowIcugc o Icconc
cxcv !Icnyn.
#7889:2; / *:<3
!ov ouv uvoscs, caIIIcv anu vac of Ivc avc Ic cIcncns wIIcI nccu
nos consIucvaIon wIcn cIoosIng a vIc. Moucvn nIIIavy-yc vIcs avc
vcfcvvcu as Icy avc ofcn IcnIfuI, cIca, auo IoauIng ,scnI-auonaIc, anu
vovcn. Incc wc Ian on IcIng conccn wII avgcs a 00 nccvs, wc nccu a
caIIIcv consIscnIy caaIIc of IIIng Icsc avgcs.
?-0( +"* 2'++)*$ 0/ @*A#.>+0. '.5 B0.:0-5C +"* D6.>)*$ 0/ B"#'&'$ '.5 +"*
&-'#-#*$ 0/ +"* @#++)* E#>"0-.C +"* <#=*(1. "'$ 2**. &-*$*.+8 !"* <#=*(1. F>"+$ #.
5*/*.$* 0/ +"*#- :0((6.#+1G$ 7')6*$ '.5 /0- +"* &-*$*-7'+#0. 0/ +"*#- ,'1 0/ )#/*8 !"*
:'6$* 0/ +"* <#=*(1. #$ D6$+#:*3 /0- +"*#- &*0&)*C '$ +"*#- &*0&)*C +"* <#=*(1. &*-$#$+$ /0-
'6+0.0(1C ,"#:" #$ /-**50(8

!ov IIs vcason, Ic .o2x1 nao ,.08 wIncIcscv,, 0.0o svIngIcIu ov

.o2x1v avc vcfcvvcu ovcv snaIIcv ov novc unsaIIc caIIIcvs. 1Ic oIcv
connon caIIIcvs avc .o nao ,.22 wIncIcscv, ov Ic .o2xD. 1Icsc avc
InfcvIov Iccausc Icy avc no '$ cffccIvc a Iongcv vangcs. Of couvsc, I can Ic
uonc. \sc wIa you Iavc.
1Ic .o2x1 caIIIcv Is a nao sanuavuIzcu vounu fov cuvvcn sac avnIcs.
uvIus annunIIon Is gcncvaIIy avaIIaIIc If scavcIcu fov. 1Icvc avc scvcvaI
oIons fov vIcs In IIs caIIIcv.
1Ic Ics oIon Is Ic M1A. 1Ic M1A Is Ic scnI-auonaIc vcvsIon of Ic
\.. MIIIavys sIov IIvcu M11. 1Ic M1A offcvs suvcnc accuvacy, cxccIIcn
sIgIs, anu a 20 vounu nagazInc.
AnoIcv oIon Is a !`!A! yc IaIc vIc. 1Icsc avc cxccIIcn vIcs
anu avc sanuavu Issuc fov nany avnIcs. 1Icsc avc quIc a II cIcacv In vIcc
Ian Ic M1A, naIIng I novc acccssIIIc. 1Ic sIgIIng syscn, Iowcvcv, Is no
quIc as sInIc ov cvfcccu as Ic M1A.
1Ic A!-10 Is anoIcv oIon, IougI ofcn vIccy as I Ias no Iccn a
nIIIavy sanuavu Issuc vIc. ! Is csscnIaIIy an A!1 ,novc aIou IcIow,
cIanIcvcu In .o2x1.
1Ic 0.0o vIngIcIu caIIIcv Is aIso IucaI fov Ic !Icnyn, connonIy
Inown fov Is usc In Ic M1 avanu. 1Ic M1 avanu Is Ic vcucccssov o Ic
M11M1A. 1Icy avc vIvuaIIy Ic sanc cxcc fov sccIIc caIIIcv anu IuIIc
caacIy. 1Ic M1 avanu Is novc wIucIy avaIIaIIc Ian Ic M1A anu can Ic
cIcacv. VV!! suvIus vIcs avc IcIng soIu IvougI Ic IvIIIan MavIsnansII
!vogvan ,fov \.. IIzcns, fov as Iow as >1D, IougI Ic cavcfuI o Iuy a goou
onc.
H)) 0/ +"* '207* -#=*$ '-* *A:*))*.+ :"0#:*$ /0- +"* <#=*(1.8
1Ic .o2x1! ,.o2 !ussIan, can Ic uscu vInavIIy In Ic MosIn `agan
vIc. 1IIs nagazInc fcu IoI acIon vIc Is cxccIIcn fov accuvacy anu Is quIc
IncxcnsIvc ,an Ic founu fov avounu >80,. 1IIs vIc Is an cxccIIcn cIoIcc fov
Ic !Icnyn on a Iuugc.
AIso cIccI ou Ic !vIIsI !nIcIu anu Ic cvnan Mauscv as IncxcnsIvc
anu accuvac IoI acIon vIcs.
$1730 =/>:?309@ ABAC 2/18 DBEEF G:2=739130H /2I JBCEKFL
!nown as Ic IIacI vIc Ic A!1 Is Ic cIvIIIan scnIauonaIc vcvsIon
of Ic \.. nIIIavys cuvvcn Issuc M1oM1. 1Ic A!1 Is cxvcncIy vcvsaIIc anu
2

!ov IIs vcason, Ic .o2x1 nao ,.08 wIncIcscv,, 0.0o svIngIcIu ov

.o2x1v avc vcfcvvcu ovcv snaIIcv ov novc unsaIIc caIIIcvs. 1Ic oIcv
connon caIIIcvs avc .o nao ,.22 wIncIcscv, ov Ic .o2xD. 1Icsc avc
InfcvIov Iccausc Icy avc no '$ cffccIvc a Iongcv vangcs. Of couvsc, I can Ic
uonc. \sc wIa you Iavc.
1Ic .o2x1 caIIIcv Is a nao sanuavuIzcu vounu fov cuvvcn sac avnIcs.
uvIus annunIIon Is gcncvaIIy avaIIaIIc If scavcIcu fov. 1Icvc avc scvcvaI
oIons fov vIcs In IIs caIIIcv.
1Ic Ics oIon Is Ic M1A. 1Ic M1A Is Ic scnI-auonaIc vcvsIon of Ic
\.. MIIIavys sIov IIvcu M11. 1Ic M1A offcvs suvcnc accuvacy, cxccIIcn
sIgIs, anu a 20 vounu nagazInc.
AnoIcv oIon Is a !`!A! yc IaIc vIc. 1Icsc avc cxccIIcn vIcs
anu avc sanuavu Issuc fov nany avnIcs. 1Icsc avc quIc a II cIcacv In vIcc
Ian Ic M1A, naIIng I novc acccssIIIc. 1Ic sIgIIng syscn, Iowcvcv, Is no
quIc as sInIc ov cvfcccu as Ic M1A.
1Ic A!-10 Is anoIcv oIon, IougI ofcn vIccy as I Ias no Iccn a
nIIIavy sanuavu Issuc vIc. ! Is csscnIaIIy an A!1 ,novc aIou IcIow,
cIanIcvcu In .o2x1.
1Ic 0.0o vIngIcIu caIIIcv Is aIso IucaI fov Ic !Icnyn, connonIy
Inown fov Is usc In Ic M1 avanu. 1Ic M1 avanu Is Ic vcucccssov o Ic
M11M1A. 1Icy avc vIvuaIIy Ic sanc cxcc fov sccIIc caIIIcv anu IuIIc
caacIy. 1Ic M1 avanu Is novc wIucIy avaIIaIIc Ian Ic M1A anu can Ic
cIcacv. VV!! suvIus vIcs avc IcIng soIu IvougI Ic IvIIIan MavIsnansII
!vogvan ,fov \.. IIzcns, fov as Iow as >1D, IougI Ic cavcfuI o Iuy a goou
onc.
H)) 0/ +"* '207* -#=*$ '-* *A:*))*.+ :"0#:*$ /0- +"* <#=*(1.8
1Ic .o2x1! ,.o2 !ussIan, can Ic uscu vInavIIy In Ic MosIn `agan
vIc. 1IIs nagazInc fcu IoI acIon vIc Is cxccIIcn fov accuvacy anu Is quIc
IncxcnsIvc ,an Ic founu fov avounu >80,. 1IIs vIc Is an cxccIIcn cIoIcc fov
Ic !Icnyn on a Iuugc.
AIso cIccI ou Ic !vIIsI !nIcIu anu Ic cvnan Mauscv as IncxcnsIvc
anu accuvac IoI acIon vIcs.
$1730 =/>:?309@ ABAC 2/18 DBEEF G:2=739130H /2I JBCEKFL
!nown as Ic IIacI vIc Ic A!1 Is Ic cIvIIIan scnIauonaIc vcvsIon
of Ic \.. nIIIavys cuvvcn Issuc M1oM1. 1Ic A!1 Is cxvcncIy vcvsaIIc anu
2
connon, nanufacuvcu Iy nany conanIcs anu InuIvIuuaIs. cncvaIIy, wo
sIzcs avc avaIIaIIc fov consIucvaIon: 1o IncI IavvcI anu a 20 IncI IavvcI. 1Ic 1o
IncI IavvcI Is ucsIgncu fov IcavIcv, novc cxcnsIvc annunIIon anu cIosc
quavcv IgIIng. 1Ic 20 IncI IavvcI Is gcncvaIIy Iccv fov Iongcv vangc avgcs
anu sanuavu annunIIon. 1Ic 1o IncI IavvcIcu A!1 Is a cavIInc. 1Ic 20 IncI
IavvcIcu A!1 Is a -#=*.
uvIus annunIIon Is gcncvaIIy founu In wo IuIIc wcIgIs: gvaIns
anu o2 gvaIns. A 20 IavvcI wII a 1:D wIs Is a onc sIzc Is aII oIon. !ov Ic
!Icnyn, cIoosc a 20 IavvcI wII a 1:D wIs anu Inu nIIIavy o2 gvaIn IuIIcs.
!f you Iavc a uIffcvcn conIguvaIon, Ia`s oIay. \sc I.
VIIIc IIs vIc Is connon anu cuIuvaIIy ouIav, I Is no #5*') fov
!Icnyn-yc sIooIng. csIc Is IIgI caIIIcv, I can Iowcvcv Ic vcvy
cffccIvc. ! Is sIII a vcvy goou oIon.
1Ic .o2xD caIIIcv Is naInIy uscu In an A!1 ov !. 1Ic Infanous
A!1 Is ouIav, IcnIfuI, anu fuII of cuIuvaI assocIaIons. AnnunIIon Is
IcnIfuI anu cIca. VIIIc nccIanIsIcaIIy vcIIaIIc, I Is no vcIIaIIc o II
avgcs Icyonu 00 nccvs. AvoIu If ossIIIc, Iuy If ncccssavy.
ousIn o Ic A!1 Is Ic !. csIgncu Iy Ic ovIcs fov cIoscv
cngagcncns Ian Ic .o2 !ussIan caIIIcv, Ic ! Is aIso cffccIvc o avounu
00 nccvs, IougI can Ic svccIcu fuvIcv. AvoIu If ossIIIc, Iuy If ncccssavy.
!n Ic cnu, cquIncn Is suIovuInac o InowIcugc anu sIIII. A !Icnyn
can aIc u any vIc anu Ic accuvac.
./01 &&
4"#5'&QO"
!*:".#I6* #$ ' :0(2#.'+#0. 0/ 4.0,)*5>* 0/ :0.:*&+$ '.5 &"1$#:') $4#))8
Ic !Icnyn Ivcs fvon Ivcc naIn IcIu osIIons: vonc, sIIng anu
sanuIng. !acI osIIon Ias Is vacIcaI aIIcaIons Iascu on uIsancc of 1
avgc, cvvaIn, anu Inc fov vcavaIon. !acI osIIon Is ucsIgncu o nInInIzc
Ic usc of nuscIcs. MuscIcs gc Ivcu anu Icconc unsaIIc, Ius Icy avc no
conuucIvc o scauy aIn.

AIso, vcau aII you can aIou youv vIc anu annunIIon. uuy fuvIcv Ic
conccs of va|ccovy, nInuc of angIc anu auvanccu InfovnaIon. MaIc suvc
you Inow Iow o cIcan youv vIc wcII. MaIc suvc you Iavc savc avs vcauy
anu wII you In Ic IcIu If soncIIng IvcaIs.
AIovc aII, oncc you Iavc nascvcu Ic !Icnyn`s sanuavu,
4"6#5 $45"*M N564 -$O P'$NB
2
connon, nanufacuvcu Iy nany conanIcs anu InuIvIuuaIs. cncvaIIy, wo
sIzcs avc avaIIaIIc fov consIucvaIon: 1o IncI IavvcI anu a 20 IncI IavvcI. 1Ic 1o
IncI IavvcI Is ucsIgncu fov IcavIcv, novc cxcnsIvc annunIIon anu cIosc
quavcv IgIIng. 1Ic 20 IncI IavvcI Is gcncvaIIy Iccv fov Iongcv vangc avgcs
anu sanuavu annunIIon. 1Ic 1o IncI IavvcIcu A!1 Is a cavIInc. 1Ic 20 IncI
IavvcIcu A!1 Is a -#=*.
uvIus annunIIon Is gcncvaIIy founu In wo IuIIc wcIgIs: gvaIns
anu o2 gvaIns. A 20 IavvcI wII a 1:D wIs Is a onc sIzc Is aII oIon. !ov Ic
!Icnyn, cIoosc a 20 IavvcI wII a 1:D wIs anu Inu nIIIavy o2 gvaIn IuIIcs.
!f you Iavc a uIffcvcn conIguvaIon, Ia`s oIay. \sc I.
VIIIc IIs vIc Is connon anu cuIuvaIIy ouIav, I Is no #5*') fov
!Icnyn-yc sIooIng. csIc Is IIgI caIIIcv, I can Iowcvcv Ic vcvy
cffccIvc. ! Is sIII a vcvy goou oIon.
1Ic .o2xD caIIIcv Is naInIy uscu In an A!1 ov !. 1Ic Infanous
A!1 Is ouIav, IcnIfuI, anu fuII of cuIuvaI assocIaIons. AnnunIIon Is
IcnIfuI anu cIca. VIIIc nccIanIsIcaIIy vcIIaIIc, I Is no vcIIaIIc o II
avgcs Icyonu 00 nccvs. AvoIu If ossIIIc, Iuy If ncccssavy.
ousIn o Ic A!1 Is Ic !. csIgncu Iy Ic ovIcs fov cIoscv
cngagcncns Ian Ic .o2 !ussIan caIIIcv, Ic ! Is aIso cffccIvc o avounu
00 nccvs, IougI can Ic svccIcu fuvIcv. AvoIu If ossIIIc, Iuy If ncccssavy.
!n Ic cnu, cquIncn Is suIovuInac o InowIcugc anu sIIII. A !Icnyn
can aIc u any vIc anu Ic accuvac.
./01 &&
4"#5'&QO"
!*:".#I6* #$ ' :0(2#.'+#0. 0/ 4.0,)*5>* 0/ :0.:*&+$ '.5 &"1$#:') $4#))8
Ic !Icnyn Ivcs fvon Ivcc naIn IcIu osIIons: vonc, sIIng anu
sanuIng. !acI osIIon Ias Is vacIcaI aIIcaIons Iascu on uIsancc of 1
avgc, cvvaIn, anu Inc fov vcavaIon. !acI osIIon Is ucsIgncu o nInInIzc
Ic usc of nuscIcs. MuscIcs gc Ivcu anu Icconc unsaIIc, Ius Icy avc no
conuucIvc o scauy aIn.

AIso, vcau aII you can aIou youv vIc anu annunIIon. uuy fuvIcv Ic
conccs of va|ccovy, nInuc of angIc anu auvanccu InfovnaIon. MaIc suvc
you Inow Iow o cIcan youv vIc wcII. MaIc suvc you Iavc savc avs vcauy
anu wII you In Ic IcIu If soncIIng IvcaIs.
AIovc aII, oncc you Iavc nascvcu Ic !Icnyn`s sanuavu,
4"6#5 $45"*M N564 -$O P'$NB
2
,cIosIng IcIv cycs afcv cacI sIo,, Ias a Ioosc osIIon, Ias an InconsIscn
sIgI Icuvc, nay Iavc no vuc `!OA, ov Is IncIIng, IucIIng ov |cvIIng. A
gvou svIngIng Icf of Ic avgc nIgI InuIcac Ic sIoocv Is InvocvIy
squcczIng Ic vIggcv, uvaggIng a Ingcv on Ic socI ov squcczIng a an angIc.
!ffccs wIII Ic oosIc fov Icf-Ianucu sIoocvs. !f Ic sIo gvous svIng
IovIzonaIIy on IoI sIucs of Ic avgc, onc nay Ic canIng Ic vIc, Iavc an
InconsIscn sIgI Icuvc, a Ioosc fvon sIgI, nay no Iavc vuc `!OA, ov nos
connonIy, Ic sIoocv`s cIIow Is no unucvncaI Ic vIc.
A gvou vaIIIng uIagonaIIy Iow anu o Ic Icf of Ic avgc ncans a
sIoocv Is IucIIng, ov usIIng agaIns Ic Iu of Ic vIc In anIcIaIon of
vccoII. A gvou vaIIIng aIovc anu o Ic Icf, Ic sIoocv nay Ic IccIIng, ov
novIng unnauvaIIy o IcI Ic vccoII. A gvou vaIIIng u anu o Ic Icf of Ic
avgc ncans a sIoocv Is no foIIowIng IvougI, ncanIng Ic sIoocv uIu no
IoIu IacI Ic vIggcv ov Is vcIcasIng Ic vIggcv oo soon. A gvou svIngIng Iow
anu o Ic vIgI InuIcacs Ic sIoocv Is cIIcv |cvIIng Ic vIggcv ,no
squcczIng,, IncIIng ,uIIIng Ic vIc Ino Ic vIgI sIouIucv In anIcIaIon of
Ic sIo,, ov Ic cIIow Is no unucv Ic vIc.
MaIc cvcvy couvsc of Ivc uvoscfuI Iy focusIng on a Icas onc cIcncn
of IIs nanuaI. 1Ic !Icnyn Is vuucn anu focuscu. onc Inu I uscfuI o
vaIn wII a .22 caIIIcv vIc. AnnunIIon Is cIca anu vcauIIy avaIIaIIc,
aIIowIng Ic vacIcIng !Icnyn o Ivc 1000s of vounus cIcaIy. MouIIcaIons
can Ic nauc o .22 vIcs o convcv IcIv sIgIs o !cc sIgIs. ! nay sccn IIIc
ovcvIIII o Iavc wo vIcs, Iu vacIcc Is InvaIuaIIc, anu you wIII nccu o vaIn
oIcv coIc soncIow.
.0/=1:=:2; 61 58R3
! Is ossIIIc Ia Ic nos vaIuaIIc vacIcc you can uo can Ic uonc
wIIou IvIng a sIo. vy IvIng Is a vcvy cffccIvc way o vacIcc, anu Ic Ics
av Is: !`s !vcc. c Ino cacI osIIon. VIIou annunIIon ,Iavc a fvIcnu
vcvIfy youv vIc Is cny,, go IvougI Ic `Inc cs o !IvIng Ic Io.
AcquIvc youv nauvaI oIn of aIn, anu aIc vacIcc uvy sIos a a uo on a
waII. VovI on aII Ic aIovc ncnIoncu suff. 1Ic onIy uIffcvcncc Icwccn uvy
IvIng anu acuaIIy sIooIng Is ucaIIng wII vccoII anu IcavnIng Ic IysIcs of
va|ccovy. 1Icvc avc sovIcs of coIc uvy IvIng cvcvy uay anu wII IIIc o no
cxcvIcncc, goIng o Ic vangc anu acconIIsIIng Ia !Icnyn sanuavu of 1
MOA.
1
1Icsc osIIons avc IuII wII Ionc as Ic suovs. !n auuIIon o Ionc
o Ionc suov, vocv sIIng usc Is csscnIaI o Ic !Icnyn. 1Ic sIIng Is
nucI novc Ian a cavvyIng ooI. 1Ic sIIng Is vInavIIy o Ic uscu as a sIooIng
ooI. VIcn In vocv usc Ic sIIng wIII scauy Ic vIc anu gvcaIy Invovc
accuvacy. !ucaIIy, Ic !Icnyn wIII oIaIn a \...! VcI IIng.
!Iguvc 1. \...!. VcI IIng
AIovc Is a \...!. VcI IIng. 1Ic Icf sIuc of Ic aIovc Icuvcu sIIng
connccs IvougI Ic ucv sIIng swIvcI of Ic vIc. 1Ic vIgI sIgI of Ic
aIovc Icuvcu sIIng connccs vIa IooI o Ic Ioon sIIng swIvcI. !f onc nccus
o aacI sIIng swIvcIs o IcIv vIc, naIc suvc you usc 1.2 swIvcIs.
!n a IncI, cvcac a sIIng ou of a Iccc of voc, IcI, ov wIacvcv. !f you
uo no Iavc sIIng swIvcIs, fasIIon soncIIng ou of zI Ics, uuc ac anu wIvc.
1Icvc Is no cxcusc fov no usIng a sIIng. 1Ic Ioo sIIng conIguvaIon nay Ic
uIfIcuI o uo wIIou a vocv .!. wcI sIIng. !ooI aIcau anu usc Ic Iasy
sIIng fov Ic osIIons. 1Ic scvIous sIoocv wIII Inu a way o cIIcv oIaIn a
\...!. VcI IIng ov Icy wIII naIc onc.
1Ic \...!. VcI IIng Is uscfuI In wo naIn conIguvaIons: Hasy IIng
anu !oo IIng. 1Ic !oo IIng conIguvaIon connccs Ic vIc o Ic
!Icnyn, soIIuIfyIng Icn Ino a sIngIc unI. 1Ic sIIng vcnaIns conncccu o
Ic fovwavu swIvcI anu Is aacIcu o Ic sIoocvs suov avn.
1
,cIosIng IcIv cycs afcv cacI sIo,, Ias a Ioosc osIIon, Ias an InconsIscn
sIgI Icuvc, nay Iavc no vuc `!OA, ov Is IncIIng, IucIIng ov |cvIIng. A
gvou svIngIng Icf of Ic avgc nIgI InuIcac Ic sIoocv Is InvocvIy
squcczIng Ic vIggcv, uvaggIng a Ingcv on Ic socI ov squcczIng a an angIc.
!ffccs wIII Ic oosIc fov Icf-Ianucu sIoocvs. !f Ic sIo gvous svIng
IovIzonaIIy on IoI sIucs of Ic avgc, onc nay Ic canIng Ic vIc, Iavc an
InconsIscn sIgI Icuvc, a Ioosc fvon sIgI, nay no Iavc vuc `!OA, ov nos
connonIy, Ic sIoocv`s cIIow Is no unucvncaI Ic vIc.
A gvou vaIIIng uIagonaIIy Iow anu o Ic Icf of Ic avgc ncans a
sIoocv Is IucIIng, ov usIIng agaIns Ic Iu of Ic vIc In anIcIaIon of
vccoII. A gvou vaIIIng aIovc anu o Ic Icf, Ic sIoocv nay Ic IccIIng, ov
novIng unnauvaIIy o IcI Ic vccoII. A gvou vaIIIng u anu o Ic Icf of Ic
avgc ncans a sIoocv Is no foIIowIng IvougI, ncanIng Ic sIoocv uIu no
IoIu IacI Ic vIggcv ov Is vcIcasIng Ic vIggcv oo soon. A gvou svIngIng Iow
anu o Ic vIgI InuIcacs Ic sIoocv Is cIIcv |cvIIng Ic vIggcv ,no
squcczIng,, IncIIng ,uIIIng Ic vIc Ino Ic vIgI sIouIucv In anIcIaIon of
Ic sIo,, ov Ic cIIow Is no unucv Ic vIc.
MaIc cvcvy couvsc of Ivc uvoscfuI Iy focusIng on a Icas onc cIcncn
of IIs nanuaI. 1Ic !Icnyn Is vuucn anu focuscu. onc Inu I uscfuI o
vaIn wII a .22 caIIIcv vIc. AnnunIIon Is cIca anu vcauIIy avaIIaIIc,
aIIowIng Ic vacIcIng !Icnyn o Ivc 1000s of vounus cIcaIy. MouIIcaIons
can Ic nauc o .22 vIcs o convcv IcIv sIgIs o !cc sIgIs. ! nay sccn IIIc
ovcvIIII o Iavc wo vIcs, Iu vacIcc Is InvaIuaIIc, anu you wIII nccu o vaIn
oIcv coIc soncIow.
.0/=1:=:2; 61 58R3
! Is ossIIIc Ia Ic nos vaIuaIIc vacIcc you can uo can Ic uonc
wIIou IvIng a sIo. vy IvIng Is a vcvy cffccIvc way o vacIcc, anu Ic Ics
av Is: !`s !vcc. c Ino cacI osIIon. VIIou annunIIon ,Iavc a fvIcnu
vcvIfy youv vIc Is cny,, go IvougI Ic `Inc cs o !IvIng Ic Io.
AcquIvc youv nauvaI oIn of aIn, anu aIc vacIcc uvy sIos a a uo on a
waII. VovI on aII Ic aIovc ncnIoncu suff. 1Ic onIy uIffcvcncc Icwccn uvy
IvIng anu acuaIIy sIooIng Is ucaIIng wII vccoII anu IcavnIng Ic IysIcs of
va|ccovy. 1Icvc avc sovIcs of coIc uvy IvIng cvcvy uay anu wII IIIc o no
cxcvIcncc, goIng o Ic vangc anu acconIIsIIng Ia !Icnyn sanuavu of 1
MOA.
1
1Icsc osIIons avc IuII wII Ionc as Ic suovs. !n auuIIon o Ionc
o Ionc suov, vocv sIIng usc Is csscnIaI o Ic !Icnyn. 1Ic sIIng Is
nucI novc Ian a cavvyIng ooI. 1Ic sIIng Is vInavIIy o Ic uscu as a sIooIng
ooI. VIcn In vocv usc Ic sIIng wIII scauy Ic vIc anu gvcaIy Invovc
accuvacy. !ucaIIy, Ic !Icnyn wIII oIaIn a \...! VcI IIng.
!Iguvc 1. \...!. VcI IIng
AIovc Is a \...!. VcI IIng. 1Ic Icf sIuc of Ic aIovc Icuvcu sIIng
connccs IvougI Ic ucv sIIng swIvcI of Ic vIc. 1Ic vIgI sIgI of Ic
aIovc Icuvcu sIIng connccs vIa IooI o Ic Ioon sIIng swIvcI. !f onc nccus
o aacI sIIng swIvcIs o IcIv vIc, naIc suvc you usc 1.2 swIvcIs.
!n a IncI, cvcac a sIIng ou of a Iccc of voc, IcI, ov wIacvcv. !f you
uo no Iavc sIIng swIvcIs, fasIIon soncIIng ou of zI Ics, uuc ac anu wIvc.
1Icvc Is no cxcusc fov no usIng a sIIng. 1Ic Ioo sIIng conIguvaIon nay Ic
uIfIcuI o uo wIIou a vocv .!. wcI sIIng. !ooI aIcau anu usc Ic Iasy
sIIng fov Ic osIIons. 1Ic scvIous sIoocv wIII Inu a way o cIIcv oIaIn a
\...!. VcI IIng ov Icy wIII naIc onc.
1Ic \...!. VcI IIng Is uscfuI In wo naIn conIguvaIons: Hasy IIng
anu !oo IIng. 1Ic !oo IIng conIguvaIon connccs Ic vIc o Ic
!Icnyn, soIIuIfyIng Icn Ino a sIngIc unI. 1Ic sIIng vcnaIns conncccu o
Ic fovwavu swIvcI anu Is aacIcu o Ic sIoocvs suov avn.
1
1Ic foIIowIng uIagvans sIow a vIgI Ianucu sIoocv. !cf-Ianucu
sIoocvs wIII uo Ic oosIc. !ov a !IgI-Ianucu sIoocv, Ic suov sIuc Is
Ic Icf sIuc of IcIv Iouy. 1Ic 1vIggcv Iuc Is Ic vIgI sIuc of IcIv Iouy.
!cf-Ianucu sIoocvs avc Ic oosIc.
!Iguvc 2. cacI \...! VcI IIng fvon !owcv IIng wIvcI.
1o gc sIung u a !Icnyn wIII ucacI Ic sIIng fvon Ic Iowcv swIvcI
,Ic swIvcI on Ic Iu socI,.

./01 S
58G 18 .0/=1:=3
cconIng a !Icnyn vcquIvcs vacIcc. ! Is no cnougI o sInIy vcau
IIs nanuaI anu Icc Ic vIc u away fov Ic vaIny uay. You nus
soncIow cxvac InowIcugc fvon Icsc wovus anu Incgvac Icn Ino
youv Iouy, naIIng Icsc conccs anu ccInIqucs scconu nauvc. You wIII nccu
o vacIcc a Io. Afcv nany Iouvs of vacIcc anu cvIas Iunuvcus of vounus,
you wIII Iavc Ic aI Ia! noncn. A IIs noncn, cvcvyIIng wIII fccI vIgI.
You wIII go uown vangc anu aII youv IuIIc IoIcs wIII Ic sacIcu u InsIuc cacI
oIcv.
!
.0/=1:=:2; 61 473 */2;3
!vacIcc unII you can u 10 vounus Ino a 1 squavc a 2n In 0
scconus. 1Icn, vacIcc unII you can u 20 vounus Ino wo 1 IncI squavcs. 10
Ino cacI of squavc a 2n In 0 scconus. !cc auuIng uIfIcuIy. !c cvcaIvc
anu IInI of Iow o nInIc ocnIaI sIuaIons.
o no onIy Ivc a onc avgc. MaIc scvcvaI avgcs. !vacIcc sIIfIng
Icwccn Icn. You nus vcacquIvc `!OA fov cacI avgc. !vacIcc naIIng
youv sIIfs scconu nauvc. AIso, uo no onIy Ivc fvon onc osIIon. 1Inc
youvscIf. av sanuIng, uvo Ino vonc osIIon ov sIIng osIIon. 1IIs
cvcacs a couvsc of Ivc Ia vcquIvcs you o quIcIIy acquIvc youv `auvaI !oIn
of AIn. MaIc suvc o Iavc scvcvaI avgcs, vacIcIng youv `!OA sIIfs.
!vacIcc wII fvIcnus. vcac Incu uvIIIs anu assIgn cacI a avgc.
!vacIcc wovIIng ogcIcv as a can o II cacI avgc. o no ncgIcc
vacIcIng a fuII uIsancc. You nus 4.0, Iow youv vIc cvfovns a cacI
uIsancc, In cvcvy yc of wcaIcv, wII uIffcvcn annunIIon. AIso, Inow Iow
youv sIgIs wovI a In Ic uavI. VvIc uown InfovnaIon you Icavn a Ic vangc
aIou youv va|ccovy fov cacI yc of annunIIon ov wcaIcv conuIIons. 1IIs
IInu of InfovnaIon Is InvaIuaIIc anu canno Ic conIIcu Iy anyonc Iu you.
!cavn fvon youv nIsaIcs. !cau youv gvous. 1Icy IoIu vaIuaIIc
InfovnaIon Ia can Ic Incvvccu o IcI IucnIfy youv nIsaIcs. 1yIcaIIy,
vcvIcaI svIngIng of sIos ncans you avc faIIIng o Iavc a consIscn vcsIvaovy
ausc. Ov, youv sIgI Icuvc Is InconsIscn. `o uIsInguIsIaIIc gvou IIIcIy
ncans Ic sIoocv Is faIIIng o focus on Ic fvon sIgI, faIIIng o caII Ic sIo
0
1Ic foIIowIng uIagvans sIow a vIgI Ianucu sIoocv. !cf-Ianucu
sIoocvs wIII uo Ic oosIc. !ov a !IgI-Ianucu sIoocv, Ic suov sIuc Is
Ic Icf sIuc of IcIv Iouy. 1Ic 1vIggcv Iuc Is Ic vIgI sIuc of IcIv Iouy.
!cf-Ianucu sIoocvs avc Ic oosIc.
!Iguvc 2. cacI \...! VcI IIng fvon !owcv IIng wIvcI.
1o gc sIung u a !Icnyn wIII ucacI Ic sIIng fvon Ic Iowcv swIvcI
,Ic swIvcI on Ic Iu socI,.

./01 S
58G 18 .0/=1:=3
cconIng a !Icnyn vcquIvcs vacIcc. ! Is no cnougI o sInIy vcau
IIs nanuaI anu Icc Ic vIc u away fov Ic vaIny uay. You nus
soncIow cxvac InowIcugc fvon Icsc wovus anu Incgvac Icn Ino
youv Iouy, naIIng Icsc conccs anu ccInIqucs scconu nauvc. You wIII nccu
o vacIcc a Io. Afcv nany Iouvs of vacIcc anu cvIas Iunuvcus of vounus,
you wIII Iavc Ic aI Ia! noncn. A IIs noncn, cvcvyIIng wIII fccI vIgI.
You wIII go uown vangc anu aII youv IuIIc IoIcs wIII Ic sacIcu u InsIuc cacI
oIcv.
!
.0/=1:=:2; 61 473 */2;3
!vacIcc unII you can u 10 vounus Ino a 1 squavc a 2n In 0
scconus. 1Icn, vacIcc unII you can u 20 vounus Ino wo 1 IncI squavcs. 10
Ino cacI of squavc a 2n In 0 scconus. !cc auuIng uIfIcuIy. !c cvcaIvc
anu IInI of Iow o nInIc ocnIaI sIuaIons.
o no onIy Ivc a onc avgc. MaIc scvcvaI avgcs. !vacIcc sIIfIng
Icwccn Icn. You nus vcacquIvc `!OA fov cacI avgc. !vacIcc naIIng
youv sIIfs scconu nauvc. AIso, uo no onIy Ivc fvon onc osIIon. 1Inc
youvscIf. av sanuIng, uvo Ino vonc osIIon ov sIIng osIIon. 1IIs
cvcacs a couvsc of Ivc Ia vcquIvcs you o quIcIIy acquIvc youv `auvaI !oIn
of AIn. MaIc suvc o Iavc scvcvaI avgcs, vacIcIng youv `!OA sIIfs.
!vacIcc wII fvIcnus. vcac Incu uvIIIs anu assIgn cacI a avgc.
!vacIcc wovIIng ogcIcv as a can o II cacI avgc. o no ncgIcc
vacIcIng a fuII uIsancc. You nus 4.0, Iow youv vIc cvfovns a cacI
uIsancc, In cvcvy yc of wcaIcv, wII uIffcvcn annunIIon. AIso, Inow Iow
youv sIgIs wovI a In Ic uavI. VvIc uown InfovnaIon you Icavn a Ic vangc
aIou youv va|ccovy fov cacI yc of annunIIon ov wcaIcv conuIIons. 1IIs
IInu of InfovnaIon Is InvaIuaIIc anu canno Ic conIIcu Iy anyonc Iu you.
!cavn fvon youv nIsaIcs. !cau youv gvous. 1Icy IoIu vaIuaIIc
InfovnaIon Ia can Ic Incvvccu o IcI IucnIfy youv nIsaIcs. 1yIcaIIy,
vcvIcaI svIngIng of sIos ncans you avc faIIIng o Iavc a consIscn vcsIvaovy
ausc. Ov, youv sIgI Icuvc Is InconsIscn. `o uIsInguIsIaIIc gvou IIIcIy
ncans Ic sIoocv Is faIIIng o focus on Ic fvon sIgI, faIIIng o caII Ic sIo
0
M>8T3
!n gcncvaI, a !Icnyn wIII no nccu o concnsac fov sIoc. Howcvcv, In
cxvcnc cascs I nay Ic ncccssavy. As a gcncvaI vuIc:
JK.)*$$ +"* +'->*+ #$ LMM 1'-5$ 0- (0-* ','1C HNO +"* $)0&* #$ PQ 5*>-**$ 0-
R!SS9S<C 106 $#(&)1 +'4* +"* $"0+ ,#+" ' .0-(') $#>"+ &#:+6-*8T
!f Ic avgc Is Icyonu 00 anu a a 1 ucgvcc angIc, aIn a IIIc IIgIcv on
Ic avgc. 1IIs sInIIIcu fovnuIa wovIs fov uIIII sIocs anu uownIIII sIocs.
As aIways, vy I anu conIvn I fov 106- vIc In Ic IcIu.
N3/1730U61R89T730:= "VV3=19
VcaIcv wIII Iavc an cffcc on youv IuIIc aI. cncvaI vuIcs avc as foIIows:
43RT30/1W03- !ov cvcvy 20 ucgvccs !aIvcnIcI ,.o ucgvccs cIsIus,, oIn of
Inac wIII sIIf 1 MOA. As cncvauvc Incvcascs, au|us youv
sIgIs uown. As cncvauvc uccvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs u.
5WR:I:1X- !ov cvcvy 20' cIangc In IunIuIy, oIn of Inac wIII sIIf 1 MOA.
As IunIuIy Incvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs u. As IunIuIy
uccvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs uown.
">3Y/1:82- !ov cvcvy ,000 fcc ,1,00n, of cIcvaIon cIangc, oIn of Inac
wIII sIIf 1 MOA. As cIcvaIon Incvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs uown. As cIcvaIon
uccvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs u.
!sscnIaIIy, as Ic aIv IIns ,Iowcv IunIuIy, IIgIcv cIcvaIon, IIgIcv
cncvauvc, Icvc wIII Ic Icss uvag on Ic IuIIc so I wIII y acv. Howcvcv,
uo no vcIy on Icsc Iguvcs. InIy conIvn youv zcvo In aII wcaIcv anu wvIc
I uown so you Inow Iow o au|us.
1D
!Iguvc . vcaIng 1Ic !oo
vaIIIng Ic naIn IInc of Ic sIIng, usI IacI Ino Ic Iowcv IucIIc.
1Icvc Is onIy onc way o uo IIs covvccIy. MaIc suvc Ic Ioo Ia Is cvcacu Is
fovncu wII Ic sanc IcngI of sIIng Ia naIcs u Ic naIn IInc. 1Ic naIn
IInc of Ic sIIng Is Ic sccIon Ia svccIcs aIovc Ic Iowcv IucIIc o Ic
ucv IucIIc.
o
M>8T3
!n gcncvaI, a !Icnyn wIII no nccu o concnsac fov sIoc. Howcvcv, In
cxvcnc cascs I nay Ic ncccssavy. As a gcncvaI vuIc:
JK.)*$$ +"* +'->*+ #$ LMM 1'-5$ 0- (0-* ','1C HNO +"* $)0&* #$ PQ 5*>-**$ 0-
R!SS9S<C 106 $#(&)1 +'4* +"* $"0+ ,#+" ' .0-(') $#>"+ &#:+6-*8T
!f Ic avgc Is Icyonu 00 anu a a 1 ucgvcc angIc, aIn a IIIc IIgIcv on
Ic avgc. 1IIs sInIIIcu fovnuIa wovIs fov uIIII sIocs anu uownIIII sIocs.
As aIways, vy I anu conIvn I fov 106- vIc In Ic IcIu.
N3/1730U61R89T730:= "VV3=19
VcaIcv wIII Iavc an cffcc on youv IuIIc aI. cncvaI vuIcs avc as foIIows:
43RT30/1W03- !ov cvcvy 20 ucgvccs !aIvcnIcI ,.o ucgvccs cIsIus,, oIn of
Inac wIII sIIf 1 MOA. As cncvauvc Incvcascs, au|us youv
sIgIs uown. As cncvauvc uccvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs u.
5WR:I:1X- !ov cvcvy 20' cIangc In IunIuIy, oIn of Inac wIII sIIf 1 MOA.
As IunIuIy Incvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs u. As IunIuIy
uccvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs uown.
">3Y/1:82- !ov cvcvy ,000 fcc ,1,00n, of cIcvaIon cIangc, oIn of Inac
wIII sIIf 1 MOA. As cIcvaIon Incvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs uown. As cIcvaIon
uccvcascs, au|us youv sIgIs u.
!sscnIaIIy, as Ic aIv IIns ,Iowcv IunIuIy, IIgIcv cIcvaIon, IIgIcv
cncvauvc, Icvc wIII Ic Icss uvag on Ic IuIIc so I wIII y acv. Howcvcv,
uo no vcIy on Icsc Iguvcs. InIy conIvn youv zcvo In aII wcaIcv anu wvIc
I uown so you Inow Iow o au|us.
1D
!Iguvc . vcaIng 1Ic !oo
vaIIIng Ic naIn IInc of Ic sIIng, usI IacI Ino Ic Iowcv IucIIc.
1Icvc Is onIy onc way o uo IIs covvccIy. MaIc suvc Ic Ioo Ia Is cvcacu Is
fovncu wII Ic sanc IcngI of sIIng Ia naIcs u Ic naIn IInc. 1Ic naIn
IInc of Ic sIIng Is Ic sccIon Ia svccIcs aIovc Ic Iowcv IucIIc o Ic
ucv IucIIc.
o
!Iguvc 1. cIng Ic Ioo on Ic suov avn.
1Ic Ioo Is cvcacu Iy fccuIng Ic naIn IInc Ino Ic IucIIc. !nscv youv
suov Ianu uown IvougI Ic Ioo. VovI Ic Ioo u ono youv sIouIucv.
1Ic Ioo sIouIu Ic as IIgI u on Ic sIouIucv as ossIIIc, aIovc Ic IIcc.
1Ic Iavuwavc of Ic Iowcv swIvcI cII sIouIu Ic on Ic ousIuc of youv avn. A
IIs oIn, Icvc avc wo ossIIIc ways Ic sIIng Ias Iccn u on. OnIy onc way
Is covvcc.

UV/ 106 2*)#*7* +"'+ ,#.5 ,#)) $#>.#F:'.+)1 '//*:+ +"* $"0+C /'70- +"* 6&,#.5 $#5* 0/ +"*
+'->*+ '+ LMM '.5 "')/W0// '+ QMM 1'-5$8U
VacI fov uownvangc fccuIacI -caII Ic sIo- anu concnsac fov any
foIIow-u sIos. VcvIfy a a vangc In vavyIng conuIIons.
*/2;3 "91:R/1:82
!n gcncvaI, a vIc`s fvon sIgI wIII Ic Ic wIuI of a 20 IncI avgc a sonc
uIsancc. \suaIIy IIs uIsancc Is Ic !aIc IgI Zcvo. !f Ic avgc acavs Ic
sanc wIuI ov wIucv Ian Ic fvon sIgI, sInIy aIc Ic sIo.
A !Icnyn sIouIu Inow Ic uIsancc a wIIcI IcIv fvon sIgI cquaIs a
20 IncI avgc. \sIng IIs InowIcugc, a !Icnyn sIouIu Ic aIIc o usc IcIv
fvon sIgI as a vangc Inucv. !ov cxanIc, a sanuavu M1A sIgI Is usuaIIy
MOA wIuc. 1IIs Is Ic sanc wIuI of a 20 IncI avgc a 20n.
1noa 20n 2. IncIcs
2. IncIcs x MOA ! 20 IncIcs
1Icvcfovc, Ic fvon sIgI acavs o cquaI a 20 avgc a 20n
OIcv vangcs can Ic csInacu usIng Ic sanc IogIc
MOA 2 . MOA ,IaIf Ic MOA fvon sIgI,
1 MOA 00n IncIcs
. MOA x IncIcs ,1noa00, 1. ,cIosc cnougI o 20 a 00 yavus,
1Icvcfovc, IaIf Ic fvon sIgI acavs o cquaI a 20 avgc a 00n
OIcv ncIous of vangc InuIng cxIs. onc ncnovIzc Iow oI|ccs
acav a vavIous uIsanccs. 1IIs Is soncIncs vcIIaIIc. OIcvs usc a vangc
Inucv. Howcvcv, a !Icnyn wIII aIways Iavc IcIv vIc. o Ino Ic IcIu anu
gc o Inow Ic vcIaIonsII Icwccn youv fvon sIgI anu a 20 IncI avgc a
vavIous uIsanccs Icyonu 00n. OnIy vacIcc wIII naIc you confovaIIc anu
voIcIcn In vangc InuIng.
18
!Iguvc 1. cIng Ic Ioo on Ic suov avn.
1Ic Ioo Is cvcacu Iy fccuIng Ic naIn IInc Ino Ic IucIIc. !nscv youv
suov Ianu uown IvougI Ic Ioo. VovI Ic Ioo u ono youv sIouIucv.
1Ic Ioo sIouIu Ic as IIgI u on Ic sIouIucv as ossIIIc, aIovc Ic IIcc.
1Ic Iavuwavc of Ic Iowcv swIvcI cII sIouIu Ic on Ic ousIuc of youv avn. A
IIs oIn, Icvc avc wo ossIIIc ways Ic sIIng Ias Iccn u on. OnIy onc way
Is covvcc.

UV/ 106 2*)#*7* +"'+ ,#.5 ,#)) $#>.#F:'.+)1 '//*:+ +"* $"0+C /'70- +"* 6&,#.5 $#5* 0/ +"*
+'->*+ '+ LMM '.5 "')/W0// '+ QMM 1'-5$8U
VacI fov uownvangc fccuIacI -caII Ic sIo- anu concnsac fov any
foIIow-u sIos. VcvIfy a a vangc In vavyIng conuIIons.
*/2;3 "91:R/1:82
!n gcncvaI, a vIc`s fvon sIgI wIII Ic Ic wIuI of a 20 IncI avgc a sonc
uIsancc. \suaIIy IIs uIsancc Is Ic !aIc IgI Zcvo. !f Ic avgc acavs Ic
sanc wIuI ov wIucv Ian Ic fvon sIgI, sInIy aIc Ic sIo.
A !Icnyn sIouIu Inow Ic uIsancc a wIIcI IcIv fvon sIgI cquaIs a
20 IncI avgc. \sIng IIs InowIcugc, a !Icnyn sIouIu Ic aIIc o usc IcIv
fvon sIgI as a vangc Inucv. !ov cxanIc, a sanuavu M1A sIgI Is usuaIIy
MOA wIuc. 1IIs Is Ic sanc wIuI of a 20 IncI avgc a 20n.
1noa 20n 2. IncIcs
2. IncIcs x MOA ! 20 IncIcs
1Icvcfovc, Ic fvon sIgI acavs o cquaI a 20 avgc a 20n
OIcv vangcs can Ic csInacu usIng Ic sanc IogIc
MOA 2 . MOA ,IaIf Ic MOA fvon sIgI,
1 MOA 00n IncIcs
. MOA x IncIcs ,1noa00, 1. ,cIosc cnougI o 20 a 00 yavus,
1Icvcfovc, IaIf Ic fvon sIgI acavs o cquaI a 20 avgc a 00n
OIcv ncIous of vangc InuIng cxIs. onc ncnovIzc Iow oI|ccs
acav a vavIous uIsanccs. 1IIs Is soncIncs vcIIaIIc. OIcvs usc a vangc
Inucv. Howcvcv, a !Icnyn wIII aIways Iavc IcIv vIc. o Ino Ic IcIu anu
gc o Inow Ic vcIaIonsII Icwccn youv fvon sIgI anu a 20 IncI avgc a
vavIous uIsanccs Icyonu 00n. OnIy vacIcc wIII naIc you confovaIIc anu
voIcIcn In vangc InuIng.
18
A!1 anu A!1 yc vIcs, onc can novc Ic fvon sIgI wIIIc Ic vcav sIgI
says u on Ic ucsIvcu Inucxcu nunIcv fov Ic InIIaI zcvoIng voccuuvc.
A!1 !aIc IgI Zcvos avc a IIIc uIffcvcn. VIcn Ic cIcvaIon InoI Is
a o ov 8, Ic snaII ,unnavIcu, acvuvc Is fov avgcs a uIsanccs 00
anu Icyonu. !ov cIoscv avgcs, onc nus IoIu unucv ,wIIcI ncans aIn a II
Iow, ov swIcI o Ic 0-2 acvuvc wIIcI auonaIcaIIy cIangcs youv zcvo o 200.
./01 &S
6IY/2=3I *:<3RX2 P28G>3I;3
Ic IncnIon of IIs nanuaI Is o vovIuc Ic InowIcugc o naIc
!Icnyn. !Icnyn avc caaIIc of IIIng 20 IncI avgcs a 00 nccvs
wII sanuavu cquIncn. !Icnyn avc no snIcvs. nIcvs aIc onc
sIo a onc avgc. !Icnyn ucIIvcv wcII-aIncu vaIu Ivc on scvcvaI avgcs a
00n. 1Icy uo no nccu o Inow cxac fovnuIas o ucaI wII IIgIIy sccIaIIzcu
sIuaIons. A fouv MInuc of AngIc sanuavu uocs no vcquIvc aIsoIuc
vccIsIon. Howcvcv, I wIII IcncI Ic !Icnyn o Inow a couIc sInIc vuIcs
anu conccs o IcI aua o nos sIuaIons.
1
M:RT>3 N:2I
AnoIcv vcason fov vcfcvvIng Ic .0 caIIIcv vIc ovcv snaIIcv caIIIcv Is
wInu. 1Ic .0 caIIIcv vounu Is nucI Icss affcccu Iy wInu a Iongcv uIsanccs
Ian, say, Ic .o. VoIuncs couIu Ic wvIcn aIou cxac caIcuIaIon of wInu
anu Is vcIaIonsII o Ic IuIIc In IgI. Howcvcv, onIy a fcw gvounu vuIcs
nccu Ic IaIn o gc a goou Iuca aIou Iow o ucaI wII wInu. On o of IIs
InowIcugc, onc sIouIu vacIcc In aII conuIIons o vuIy unucvsanu Ic cffccs
of wInu.
VIIIc Icvc avc uIfIcuI caIcuIaIons fov vcuIcIng wInu cffccs on a
IuIIc aI, Ic connon cvson uocs no Iavc Inc o Icavn aII Icsc anu naIc
Icn scconu nauvc. !nscau, a sInIIIcu vcvsIon sIouIu Ic ncnovIzcu, caIIcu
Ic InIIIcu VInu !uIc.
1
!Iguvc . !f Ic Iavuwavc Is Icwccn Ic naInIInc anu youv avn, Ic sIIng Is on
IncovvccIy.
!Iguvc o. !f Ic Ioo IgIcns wIcn Ic naIn IInc Is uIIcu anu Ic Iavuwavc Is on Ic
ousIuc of Ic avn, Ic sIIng Is on covvccIy.
1IIcI cIoIIng, ov a \.. MavInc ovs sIooIng |acIc wIII IcI Icc Ic
Ioo fvon sIIIng uown youv avn. 1Ic Ioos sIIng Is Ic vcfcvvcu
conIguvaIon fov Ic !Icnyn. ! sIouIu Ic uscu In Ic vonc anu sIIng
osIIon.
8
A!1 anu A!1 yc vIcs, onc can novc Ic fvon sIgI wIIIc Ic vcav sIgI
says u on Ic ucsIvcu Inucxcu nunIcv fov Ic InIIaI zcvoIng voccuuvc.
A!1 !aIc IgI Zcvos avc a IIIc uIffcvcn. VIcn Ic cIcvaIon InoI Is
a o ov 8, Ic snaII ,unnavIcu, acvuvc Is fov avgcs a uIsanccs 00
anu Icyonu. !ov cIoscv avgcs, onc nus IoIu unucv ,wIIcI ncans aIn a II
Iow, ov swIcI o Ic 0-2 acvuvc wIIcI auonaIcaIIy cIangcs youv zcvo o 200.
./01 &S
6IY/2=3I *:<3RX2 P28G>3I;3
Ic IncnIon of IIs nanuaI Is o vovIuc Ic InowIcugc o naIc
!Icnyn. !Icnyn avc caaIIc of IIIng 20 IncI avgcs a 00 nccvs
wII sanuavu cquIncn. !Icnyn avc no snIcvs. nIcvs aIc onc
sIo a onc avgc. !Icnyn ucIIvcv wcII-aIncu vaIu Ivc on scvcvaI avgcs a
00n. 1Icy uo no nccu o Inow cxac fovnuIas o ucaI wII IIgIIy sccIaIIzcu
sIuaIons. A fouv MInuc of AngIc sanuavu uocs no vcquIvc aIsoIuc
vccIsIon. Howcvcv, I wIII IcncI Ic !Icnyn o Inow a couIc sInIc vuIcs
anu conccs o IcI aua o nos sIuaIons.
1
M:RT>3 N:2I
AnoIcv vcason fov vcfcvvIng Ic .0 caIIIcv vIc ovcv snaIIcv caIIIcv Is
wInu. 1Ic .0 caIIIcv vounu Is nucI Icss affcccu Iy wInu a Iongcv uIsanccs
Ian, say, Ic .o. VoIuncs couIu Ic wvIcn aIou cxac caIcuIaIon of wInu
anu Is vcIaIonsII o Ic IuIIc In IgI. Howcvcv, onIy a fcw gvounu vuIcs
nccu Ic IaIn o gc a goou Iuca aIou Iow o ucaI wII wInu. On o of IIs
InowIcugc, onc sIouIu vacIcc In aII conuIIons o vuIy unucvsanu Ic cffccs
of wInu.
VIIIc Icvc avc uIfIcuI caIcuIaIons fov vcuIcIng wInu cffccs on a
IuIIc aI, Ic connon cvson uocs no Iavc Inc o Icavn aII Icsc anu naIc
Icn scconu nauvc. !nscau, a sInIIIcu vcvsIon sIouIu Ic ncnovIzcu, caIIcu
Ic InIIIcu VInu !uIc.
1
!Iguvc . !f Ic Iavuwavc Is Icwccn Ic naInIInc anu youv avn, Ic sIIng Is on
IncovvccIy.
!Iguvc o. !f Ic Ioo IgIcns wIcn Ic naIn IInc Is uIIcu anu Ic Iavuwavc Is on Ic
ousIuc of Ic avn, Ic sIIng Is on covvccIy.
1IIcI cIoIIng, ov a \.. MavInc ovs sIooIng |acIc wIII IcI Icc Ic
Ioo fvon sIIIng uown youv avn. 1Ic Ioos sIIng Is Ic vcfcvvcu
conIguvaIon fov Ic !Icnyn. ! sIouIu Ic uscu In Ic vonc anu sIIng
osIIon.
8
473 .0823 .89:1:82
1Ic vonc osIIon Is Ic nos saIIc osIIon. ! Is Ic nos saIIc
osIIon as I aIIows Ic nos conac wII Ic gvounu anu InvoIvcs no nuscIc
fov suov.
!Iguvc . uov Iuc
!Iguvc 8. 1vIggcv Iuc
D
!/11>3 M:;71 Z308
A !aIc IgI Zcvo Is ucsIgncu o gIvc as cIosc o a onc sIzc Is aII zcvo
fov nos IaIc sIuaIons. !sscnIaIIy I Is uscu o cngagc avgcs Icwccn 0-
00 nccvs wII onc sIgI scIng. 1Ic M1A !aIc IgI Zcvo Is 20n. 1IIs Is
zcvo wIcvc Ic IuIIc aI ucvIacs fvon Ic IInc of sIgI no vcvy nucI,
aIIowIng IIs a uIsanccs 0-00n. Isanccs Icyonu 00n vcquIvc sIgI
au|usncn.
!Iguvc 2. !aIc IgI Zcvo, .0 caI. !n Yavus.
1Ic aIovc uIagvan sIows Ic IuIIc aI of a .0 caI vounu zcvocu a 2
yavus20n. `o nacv wIcvc Ic 20 avgc Is, I wIII Ic II soncwIcvc.
oncIncs IIgI, soncIncs Iow, Iu 0.8 InIy aIn a Ic ccncv of youv 20
avgc anu Ivc. 1IIs Is wIy Ic sanuavu M1A fvon sIgI acavs o Ic Ic sanc
wIuI as a 20 avgc a 20n. ! IcIs wII vangc InuIng. Movc aIou Ia Iacv.
onc vcav sIgIs avc Inucxcu. 1IIs ncans Icy nay Iavc IIIc nunIcvs on
Ic cIcvaIon InoI InuIcaIng uIsancc In Iunuvcus of yavus ov nccvs. VIcn
you zcvo, naIc suvc o Inucx youv sIgIs. 1IIs ncans naIc suvc Ia youv 200
nccv Inucx nunIcv acuaIIy covvcsonus o youv 200 nccv zcvo. 1IIs can Ic
uonc Iy IooscnIng a scvcw o cIangc Ic InoI wIIou novIng Ic sIgIs. Ov, on
1o
473 .0823 .89:1:82
1Ic vonc osIIon Is Ic nos saIIc osIIon. ! Is Ic nos saIIc
osIIon as I aIIows Ic nos conac wII Ic gvounu anu InvoIvcs no nuscIc
fov suov.
!Iguvc . uov Iuc
!Iguvc 8. 1vIggcv Iuc
D
!/11>3 M:;71 Z308
A !aIc IgI Zcvo Is ucsIgncu o gIvc as cIosc o a onc sIzc Is aII zcvo
fov nos IaIc sIuaIons. !sscnIaIIy I Is uscu o cngagc avgcs Icwccn 0-
00 nccvs wII onc sIgI scIng. 1Ic M1A !aIc IgI Zcvo Is 20n. 1IIs Is
zcvo wIcvc Ic IuIIc aI ucvIacs fvon Ic IInc of sIgI no vcvy nucI,
aIIowIng IIs a uIsanccs 0-00n. Isanccs Icyonu 00n vcquIvc sIgI
au|usncn.
!Iguvc 2. !aIc IgI Zcvo, .0 caI. !n Yavus.
1Ic aIovc uIagvan sIows Ic IuIIc aI of a .0 caI vounu zcvocu a 2
yavus20n. `o nacv wIcvc Ic 20 avgc Is, I wIII Ic II soncwIcvc.
oncIncs IIgI, soncIncs Iow, Iu 0.8 InIy aIn a Ic ccncv of youv 20
avgc anu Ivc. 1IIs Is wIy Ic sanuavu M1A fvon sIgI acavs o Ic Ic sanc
wIuI as a 20 avgc a 20n. ! IcIs wII vangc InuIng. Movc aIou Ia Iacv.
onc vcav sIgIs avc Inucxcu. 1IIs ncans Icy nay Iavc IIIc nunIcvs on
Ic cIcvaIon InoI InuIcaIng uIsancc In Iunuvcus of yavus ov nccvs. VIcn
you zcvo, naIc suvc o Inucx youv sIgIs. 1IIs ncans naIc suvc Ia youv 200
nccv Inucx nunIcv acuaIIy covvcsonus o youv 200 nccv zcvo. 1IIs can Ic
uonc Iy IooscnIng a scvcw o cIangc Ic InoI wIIou novIng Ic sIgIs. Ov, on
1o
1IIs Is a cIav sIowIng uvo In MOA anu IncIcs fov a .o2x1 !aII IuIIc
!Iguvc 1. .o2x1 !aII 1va|ccovy VaIucs
1Icsc avc connon vaIucs fov MIIIavy uvIus !aII .o2x1 annunIIon
Ivcu fvon an M1A. AcuaI vaIucs nay vavy. You sIouIu go ou Ino Ic IcIu anu
cs youv conc us o Ic suvc you wIII Ic aIIc o II a Iongcv uIsanccs. VIcn
you gc Ic cIancc, go ou o a Iong uIsancc vangc anu Ivc a cacI uIsancc.
MaIc suvc you Inow Iow 106- annunIIon Ivcs fvon 106- vIc anu wIcvc I wIII
Ic a wIacvcv uIsancc. 1IougI nao acns o sanuavuIzc annunIIon,
sonc nay Ivc uIffcvcnIy. !ov cxanIc, !ovugucsc suvIus nay zcvo 2 MOA
Iowcv Ian cvnan. 1Icsc avc IIngs you sIouIu cs anu ncnovIzc. VvIc IIs
InfovnaIon uown anu ac I o Ic socI of youv vIc. ! Is a goou Iuca o wvIc
youv conc us uown anu ac I o Ic sIuc of youv vIc, so I Is aIways wII you.
1
1Ic vonc osIIon Is nauc saIIc Iy Is M13/IX 58>I +/=1809. 1Icsc avc
InuIvIuuaI cIcncns Ia consvuc a saIIc osIIon.
cauy HoIu !acovs avc as foIIows:
!Iguvc D. cauy HoIu !acovs 1-.
1. uov !IIow \nucv Ic !Ic
2. uov Hanu !cIaxcu
. IIng !cIInu uov VvIs
1. IIng Is nug
. IIng VcII \ on uov Avn
!Iguvc 10. cauy HoIu !acovs o-8.
o. uov Iuc !cg In !Inc VII Inc
. 1vIggcv Iuc !cg !cn a !ncc
8. 1vIggcv Iuc !IIow !Iancu !IvnIy
10
1IIs Is a cIav sIowIng uvo In MOA anu IncIcs fov a .o2x1 !aII IuIIc
!Iguvc 1. .o2x1 !aII 1va|ccovy VaIucs
1Icsc avc connon vaIucs fov MIIIavy uvIus !aII .o2x1 annunIIon
Ivcu fvon an M1A. AcuaI vaIucs nay vavy. You sIouIu go ou Ino Ic IcIu anu
cs youv conc us o Ic suvc you wIII Ic aIIc o II a Iongcv uIsanccs. VIcn
you gc Ic cIancc, go ou o a Iong uIsancc vangc anu Ivc a cacI uIsancc.
MaIc suvc you Inow Iow 106- annunIIon Ivcs fvon 106- vIc anu wIcvc I wIII
Ic a wIacvcv uIsancc. 1IougI nao acns o sanuavuIzc annunIIon,
sonc nay Ivc uIffcvcnIy. !ov cxanIc, !ovugucsc suvIus nay zcvo 2 MOA
Iowcv Ian cvnan. 1Icsc avc IIngs you sIouIu cs anu ncnovIzc. VvIc IIs
InfovnaIon uown anu ac I o Ic socI of youv vIc. ! Is a goou Iuca o wvIc
youv conc us uown anu ac I o Ic sIuc of youv vIc, so I Is aIways wII you.
1
1Ic vonc osIIon Is nauc saIIc Iy Is M13/IX 58>I +/=1809. 1Icsc avc
InuIvIuuaI cIcncns Ia consvuc a saIIc osIIon.
cauy HoIu !acovs avc as foIIows:
!Iguvc D. cauy HoIu !acovs 1-.
1. uov !IIow \nucv Ic !Ic
2. uov Hanu !cIaxcu
. IIng !cIInu uov VvIs
1. IIng Is nug
. IIng VcII \ on uov Avn
!Iguvc 10. cauy HoIu !acovs o-8.
o. uov Iuc !cg In !Inc VII Inc
. 1vIggcv Iuc !cg !cn a !ncc
8. 1vIggcv Iuc !IIow !Iancu !IvnIy
10
!Iguvc 11. cauy HoIu !acovs D-11.
D. 1vIggcv Hanu !Ivn HanusIaIc
10. `ccI !xcnucu ,1uvIcy `ccI,
11. IccI !Iancu on ocI ,IccI VcIu,
M13/IX 58>I +/=1809 V80 .0823 [ "KT>/:23I
!acI scauy IoIu facov scvvcs a sccIIc uvosc owavus IuIIuIng a
succcssfuI vonc osIIon. 1Ic vcasons avc:
\B MWTT801 ">?8G O2I30 173 *:<3
1Ic suov cIIow sIouIu Ic uIvccIy unucv Ic vIc. 1IIs Is fov a Icas
wo vcasons. !Ivs, wIcn Ic cIIow Is unucv Ic vIc, nuscIcs avc no IcIng
uscu. !f Ic cIIow Is o Ic sIuc of Ic vIc, nuscIcs avc IcIng uscu o IoIu Ic
vIc u. VIcn I Is unucv, Ic vIc vcss on Ic Ionc of Ic Ianu, suovcu Iy
Ic fovcavn Ionc, anu In conac wII Ic gvounu a Ic cIIow. `o nuscIcs avc
nccucu.
You wIII Ic aIIc o cII If youv cIIow Is no unucv Ic vIc wIcn: Youv
sIgIs novc uIagonaIIy ov IovIzonaIIy wIcn you IvcaIc In anu ou. Youv sIgIs
sIouIu novc vcvIcaIIy wIcn you IvcaIc. 1IIs Is acconIIsIcu Iy naIIng suvc
Ic cIIow Is unucv Ic vIc.
onc nay cIaIn I Is no ossIIIc uuc o a nagazInc IcIng In Ic way.
!xcvIncn wII Iow youv vIc vcss on youv Ianu Iy novIng Ic vIc ovcv
ono youv Ingcvs ov ono Ic aus oosIc youv InucIIcs.
11
IncIcs. Vc au|us Icn In MInucs of AngIc. A 00 nccvs, Iow nany MOA avc
In D IncIcs. MOA. IIcI youv sIgIs u MOA.
`ow you wan o sIoo a a avgc a 100n. 1Ic cIav aIovc sIows Ic
IuIIc wIII Ic 21 IcIow Ic IInc of sIgI If zcvocu a 200n. How nany MOA
sIouIu you cIIcI youv sIgIs u.
!von youv 200M scIng, you cIIcI youv sIgIs u MOA o Ic a youv
00M zcvo. 1IIs concnsacs fov Ic D of uvo Icwccn 200n anu 00n.
Howcvcv, If you Ivcu a youv 100n avgc wII youv 00n zcvo, you wouIu sIII
Ic 12 IncIcs IcIow Ic avgc. How nany MOA avc In 12 IncIcs a 100n.
MOA. IIcI youv sIgIs u anoIcv MOA.
!ov nos M1A vIcs, Ic conc u cIav Is foIIows.
100 - 200 MOA
200 - 00 MOA
00 - 100 MOA
100 - 00 1 MOA
00 - o00 MOA
o00 - 00 MOA
00 - 800 o MOA
800 - D00 8 MOA
D00 - 1000 8 MOA
VcvIaIIy, Ic cIav Is vcau as: 1o au|us ny zcvo fvon 100 o 200, cIIcI u
MOA. 1o au|us ny sIgIs fvon 200 o 00, cIIcI u MOA. ! can wovI In
vcvcvsc. ay onc Is zcvocu a 00 anu wans o cngagc a avgc a 200. IIcI
uown 1 MOA o gc Ic 100 zcvo. IIcI uown anoIcv MOA o gc Ic 00
zcvo. IIcI uown anoIcv MOA o gc Ic 200 zcvo.
11
!Iguvc 11. cauy HoIu !acovs D-11.
D. 1vIggcv Hanu !Ivn HanusIaIc
10. `ccI !xcnucu ,1uvIcy `ccI,
11. IccI !Iancu on ocI ,IccI VcIu,
M13/IX 58>I +/=1809 V80 .0823 [ "KT>/:23I
!acI scauy IoIu facov scvvcs a sccIIc uvosc owavus IuIIuIng a
succcssfuI vonc osIIon. 1Ic vcasons avc:
\B MWTT801 ">?8G O2I30 173 *:<3
1Ic suov cIIow sIouIu Ic uIvccIy unucv Ic vIc. 1IIs Is fov a Icas
wo vcasons. !Ivs, wIcn Ic cIIow Is unucv Ic vIc, nuscIcs avc no IcIng
uscu. !f Ic cIIow Is o Ic sIuc of Ic vIc, nuscIcs avc IcIng uscu o IoIu Ic
vIc u. VIcn I Is unucv, Ic vIc vcss on Ic Ionc of Ic Ianu, suovcu Iy
Ic fovcavn Ionc, anu In conac wII Ic gvounu a Ic cIIow. `o nuscIcs avc
nccucu.
You wIII Ic aIIc o cII If youv cIIow Is no unucv Ic vIc wIcn: Youv
sIgIs novc uIagonaIIy ov IovIzonaIIy wIcn you IvcaIc In anu ou. Youv sIgIs
sIouIu novc vcvIcaIIy wIcn you IvcaIc. 1IIs Is acconIIsIcu Iy naIIng suvc
Ic cIIow Is unucv Ic vIc.
onc nay cIaIn I Is no ossIIIc uuc o a nagazInc IcIng In Ic way.
!xcvIncn wII Iow youv vIc vcss on youv Ianu Iy novIng Ic vIc ovcv
ono youv Ingcvs ov ono Ic aus oosIc youv InucIIcs.
11
IncIcs. Vc au|us Icn In MInucs of AngIc. A 00 nccvs, Iow nany MOA avc
In D IncIcs. MOA. IIcI youv sIgIs u MOA.
`ow you wan o sIoo a a avgc a 100n. 1Ic cIav aIovc sIows Ic
IuIIc wIII Ic 21 IcIow Ic IInc of sIgI If zcvocu a 200n. How nany MOA
sIouIu you cIIcI youv sIgIs u.
!von youv 200M scIng, you cIIcI youv sIgIs u MOA o Ic a youv
00M zcvo. 1IIs concnsacs fov Ic D of uvo Icwccn 200n anu 00n.
Howcvcv, If you Ivcu a youv 100n avgc wII youv 00n zcvo, you wouIu sIII
Ic 12 IncIcs IcIow Ic avgc. How nany MOA avc In 12 IncIcs a 100n.
MOA. IIcI youv sIgIs u anoIcv MOA.
!ov nos M1A vIcs, Ic conc u cIav Is foIIows.
100 - 200 MOA
200 - 00 MOA
00 - 100 MOA
100 - 00 1 MOA
00 - o00 MOA
o00 - 00 MOA
00 - 800 o MOA
800 - D00 8 MOA
D00 - 1000 8 MOA
VcvIaIIy, Ic cIav Is vcau as: 1o au|us ny zcvo fvon 100 o 200, cIIcI u
MOA. 1o au|us ny sIgIs fvon 200 o 00, cIIcI u MOA. ! can wovI In
vcvcvsc. ay onc Is zcvocu a 00 anu wans o cngagc a avgc a 200. IIcI
uown 1 MOA o gc Ic 100 zcvo. IIcI uown anoIcv MOA o gc Ic 00
zcvo. IIcI uown anoIcv MOA o gc Ic 200 zcvo.
11
Incnucu fov cIosc avgcs anu Iow IIgI sIuaIons. VIcn zcvoIng fov 00n, usc
Ic snaII ,unnavIcu, acvuvc.
#8R3 OT9
A conc u Is Ic cvn o ucscvIIc sIgI au|usncns o concnsac fov
IuIIc uvo. As sccn In Ig. 2 youv IuIIcs aI uocs no nacI youv IInc of
sIgI. 1Ic IuIIc vavcIs aIovc anu IcIow Ic IInc of sIgI. A sIgI au|usncn
nus Ic nauc If onc Is o conncc Ic IInc of sIgI wII Ic IuIIc aI, Ius
IcIng sIgIcu In fov Ia uIsancc. A .0 caIIIcv vIc sIgIcu In a 2 nccvs wIII
Ic on a 200M. 1yIcaIIy, Ic aI of a .o2x1 10 gvaIn `ao vounu Ias IIs
sanuavuIzcu aI:
!Iguvc 0. .o2x1 !aII 1va|ccovy
1Ic aIovc IncI vaIucs sIow Ic IuIIc aIs ucvIancc fvon Ic IInc of
sIgI a ccvaIn uIsanccs. !sscnIaIIy, Ic IuIIc aI wIII aIways vcnaIn Ic
sanc. !y au|usIng oncs sIgIs, onc can nacI Ic IInc of sIgI wII Ic IuIIc
aI. 1Ic aIovc uvo vaIucs avc vaIIu wIcn Ic vIc Is zcvocu fov 200n. o,
wIcn zcvocu a 200n, Ic IuIIc wIII Ic 11 IcIow Ic IInc of sIgI a 00M.
A conc u Is uscu o cIangc Ic IInc of sIgI o concnsac fov IuIIc
uvo. ay Ic vIc Is zcvocu a 200n Iu youv avgc Is a 00n. !f you uo no
au|us youv sIgIs anu Ivcu a Ic 00n avgc, you wIII Ic 11 IcIow Ic avgc.
You nus au|us youv sIgIs.
Youv vIc Is zcvocu o II a 200n. Howcvcv, you avc IooIIng a a 00n
avgc. 1Ic aIovc cIav sIows Ia wII a .o2x1 `ao va|ccovy, youv IuIIc
wIII Ic D IcIow Ic 00n avgc. !cncnIcv, wc uo no au|us ouv sIgIs In
1
EB MWTT801 5/2I *3>/K3I
1Ic suov Ianu sIouIu Ic vcIaxcu anu ossIIIy ocn. ! sIouIu no gvI
Ic vIc. !cncnIcv, Ic oIn Is o Ic vcIaxcu, vcnovIng nuscIc fvon Ic
osIIon. vIIng Invouuccs nuscIc. !cc youv Ianu vcIaxcu.
!f ossIIIc, sIIuc youv suov Ianu u Ic socI anu agaIns Ic sIIng
swIvcI. 1IIs gIvcs you a consIscn Iacc o u youv Ianu anu Is Icss IIIcIy o Ic
InocIcu avounu Iy vccoII. !f you canno vcacI youv sIIng swIvcI wIIIc IccIng
youv fovcavn a a 1 angIc o Ic gvounu, cvcac a so wII uuc ac anu
cny sIcII casIngs.
FB M>:2; !37:2I MWTT801 N0:91
1Ic sIIng sIouIu ass IcIInu Ic suov Ianu. 1IIs Incvcascs suov
anu saIIIIy Iy connccIng Ic Iouy wII Ic gvounu ,IvougI Ic cIIow, o Ic
vIc.
]B M>:2; :9 M2W;
1Ic sIIng sIouIu Ic snug anu no IgI. !f I Is Ioosc, I Is no uoIng
anyIIng. 1Ic oIn of Ic sIIng Is o cvcac a IvIugc vuss, IccIng youv suov
avn In a saIIc anu consIscn osIIon. VIcn onc vcIaxcs Ino Ic sIIng, onc
Is vcIcasIng nuscIc cnsIon anu aIIowIng Ic sIIng o IoIu Ic vIc u. 1Ic sIIng
IoIus Ic suov fovcavn a 1 angIc.
AB M>:2; N3>> OT 82 MWTT801 60R
1Ic Ioo of youv sIIng sIouIu Ic wcII u on youv suov avn. 1IIs Is
aIovc youv IIcc. !f I IIgI on Ic avn, I sIouIu no Ic ovcv nuscIc. 1IIs wIII
uccvcasc Ic cffcc youv Icav vac wIII Iavc on youv osIIon. 1IIcI cIoIIng ov
a \.. MavInc ovs sIooIng |acIc wIII IcI Icc youv sIIng IIgI on youv avn.
o no Ic Ic sIIng cu off cIvcuIaIon o youv avn. 1-sIIvs ov Ioosc IIng
cIoIIng uo no wovI wcII fov IccIng Ic Ioo In osIIon.
1Ic sIIng sIouIu say vougIIy avaIIcI o Ic gvounu. ! wIII Icavc Ic Ioo
on youv avn, ass IcIInu Ic wvIs, anu conncc o Ic sIIng swIvcI aII wIIIc
IcIng avaIIcI o Ic gvounu. 1Ic Iavu wavc of Ic sIIng sIouIu Ic on Ic
ousIuc of youv avn. 1Ic sIIng sIouIu IgIcn wIcn Ic naIn IInc Is uIIcu.
12
Incnucu fov cIosc avgcs anu Iow IIgI sIuaIons. VIcn zcvoIng fov 00n, usc
Ic snaII ,unnavIcu, acvuvc.
#8R3 OT9
A conc u Is Ic cvn o ucscvIIc sIgI au|usncns o concnsac fov
IuIIc uvo. As sccn In Ig. 2 youv IuIIcs aI uocs no nacI youv IInc of
sIgI. 1Ic IuIIc vavcIs aIovc anu IcIow Ic IInc of sIgI. A sIgI au|usncn
nus Ic nauc If onc Is o conncc Ic IInc of sIgI wII Ic IuIIc aI, Ius
IcIng sIgIcu In fov Ia uIsancc. A .0 caIIIcv vIc sIgIcu In a 2 nccvs wIII
Ic on a 200M. 1yIcaIIy, Ic aI of a .o2x1 10 gvaIn `ao vounu Ias IIs
sanuavuIzcu aI:
!Iguvc 0. .o2x1 !aII 1va|ccovy
1Ic aIovc IncI vaIucs sIow Ic IuIIc aIs ucvIancc fvon Ic IInc of
sIgI a ccvaIn uIsanccs. !sscnIaIIy, Ic IuIIc aI wIII aIways vcnaIn Ic
sanc. !y au|usIng oncs sIgIs, onc can nacI Ic IInc of sIgI wII Ic IuIIc
aI. 1Ic aIovc uvo vaIucs avc vaIIu wIcn Ic vIc Is zcvocu fov 200n. o,
wIcn zcvocu a 200n, Ic IuIIc wIII Ic 11 IcIow Ic IInc of sIgI a 00M.
A conc u Is uscu o cIangc Ic IInc of sIgI o concnsac fov IuIIc
uvo. ay Ic vIc Is zcvocu a 200n Iu youv avgc Is a 00n. !f you uo no
au|us youv sIgIs anu Ivcu a Ic 00n avgc, you wIII Ic 11 IcIow Ic avgc.
You nus au|us youv sIgIs.
Youv vIc Is zcvocu o II a 200n. Howcvcv, you avc IooIIng a a 00n
avgc. 1Ic aIovc cIav sIows Ia wII a .o2x1 `ao va|ccovy, youv IuIIc
wIII Ic D IcIow Ic 00n avgc. !cncnIcv, wc uo no au|us ouv sIgIs In
1
EB MWTT801 5/2I *3>/K3I
1Ic suov Ianu sIouIu Ic vcIaxcu anu ossIIIy ocn. ! sIouIu no gvI
Ic vIc. !cncnIcv, Ic oIn Is o Ic vcIaxcu, vcnovIng nuscIc fvon Ic
osIIon. vIIng Invouuccs nuscIc. !cc youv Ianu vcIaxcu.
!f ossIIIc, sIIuc youv suov Ianu u Ic socI anu agaIns Ic sIIng
swIvcI. 1IIs gIvcs you a consIscn Iacc o u youv Ianu anu Is Icss IIIcIy o Ic
InocIcu avounu Iy vccoII. !f you canno vcacI youv sIIng swIvcI wIIIc IccIng
youv fovcavn a a 1 angIc o Ic gvounu, cvcac a so wII uuc ac anu
cny sIcII casIngs.
FB M>:2; !37:2I MWTT801 N0:91
1Ic sIIng sIouIu ass IcIInu Ic suov Ianu. 1IIs Incvcascs suov
anu saIIIIy Iy connccIng Ic Iouy wII Ic gvounu ,IvougI Ic cIIow, o Ic
vIc.
]B M>:2; :9 M2W;
1Ic sIIng sIouIu Ic snug anu no IgI. !f I Is Ioosc, I Is no uoIng
anyIIng. 1Ic oIn of Ic sIIng Is o cvcac a IvIugc vuss, IccIng youv suov
avn In a saIIc anu consIscn osIIon. VIcn onc vcIaxcs Ino Ic sIIng, onc
Is vcIcasIng nuscIc cnsIon anu aIIowIng Ic sIIng o IoIu Ic vIc u. 1Ic sIIng
IoIus Ic suov fovcavn a 1 angIc.
AB M>:2; N3>> OT 82 MWTT801 60R
1Ic Ioo of youv sIIng sIouIu Ic wcII u on youv suov avn. 1IIs Is
aIovc youv IIcc. !f I IIgI on Ic avn, I sIouIu no Ic ovcv nuscIc. 1IIs wIII
uccvcasc Ic cffcc youv Icav vac wIII Iavc on youv osIIon. 1IIcI cIoIIng ov
a \.. MavInc ovs sIooIng |acIc wIII IcI Icc youv sIIng IIgI on youv avn.
o no Ic Ic sIIng cu off cIvcuIaIon o youv avn. 1-sIIvs ov Ioosc IIng
cIoIIng uo no wovI wcII fov IccIng Ic Ioo In osIIon.
1Ic sIIng sIouIu say vougIIy avaIIcI o Ic gvounu. ! wIII Icavc Ic Ioo
on youv avn, ass IcIInu Ic wvIs, anu conncc o Ic sIIng swIvcI aII wIIIc
IcIng avaIIcI o Ic gvounu. 1Ic Iavu wavc of Ic sIIng sIouIu Ic on Ic
ousIuc of youv avn. 1Ic sIIng sIouIu IgIcn wIcn Ic naIn IInc Is uIIcu.
12
CB MWTT801 M:I3 ,3; :2 ,:23 N:17 MT:23
Youv suov Icg sIouIu Ic svaIgI In IInc wII youv sInc. Youv suov
foo sIouIu Ic as a as ossIIIc. Youv oc sIouIu no uIg Ino Ic gvounu. !oIn
youv oc In ov ou, |us uo no uIg In. ug In, youv foo wIII novc, affccIng youv
sIgIs.
JB 40:;;30 M:I3 ,3; !321 /1 P233
Youv vIggcv sIuc Icg sIouIu Ic Icn a Ic Incc In a vougIIy D0 ucgvcc
angIc. 1Ic IIgIcv you can svccI youv Icg, Ic Iccv. onc cxIIIc coIc can
ncc IcIv vIggcv Incc wII IcIv vIggcv cIIow. 1IIs Is an cxvcnc, Iu I sIows
Ic oIn. 1IIs IcIs o aIsovI vccoII anu IIf youv uIaIvagn off Ic gvounu o
Icc IvcaIIng fvon affccIng youv sIgIs.
^B 40:;;30 M:I3 ">?8G .>/213I +:0R>X
Youv vIggcv cIIow sIouIu no Ic vcIIcu uon o IoIu you u. ! sInIy Is
vcscu on Ic gvounu o aIIow youv vIggcv Ingcv o funcIon wIIou svaIn.
Howcvcv, I sIouIu Ic Iancu IvnIy In ovucv o no Ic InocIcu ou of osIIon
Iy vccoII.
LB 40:;;30 5/2I +:0R _5/2I97/`3_
1Ic vIggcv Ianu sIouIu no gvI Ic vIc IIIc a gavucn ooI. A IIgI, yc
Ivn IanusIaIc gvI Is sufIcIcn. 1Ic vIggcv Ianu sIouIu uII Ic vIc Ino Ic
ocIc of Ic sIouIucv. onac wII Ic socI sIouIu Ic nInInaI, yc soIIu.
Movc Ic IunI o Ic vIggcv sIuc of Ic socI. ! uocs no nccu o wva
avounu Ic IacI. MIuuIc, vIng anu InIy Ingcvs conc Ino conac wII Ic
IsoI gvI onIy a Ic IngcvI. 1IIs Icavcs a sacc Icwccn Ic aIn anu Ic
IsoI gvI.
1
1o ucacIcu cavvy IanuIcs. 1Ic 20 IavvcIcu aacIcu cavvy IanuIc cIcvaIon
uvun Is navIcu 8. cacIcu cavvy IanuIc cIcvaIon uvuns avc navIcu o.
1Ic ucacIcu cavvy IanuIc wII cIcvaIon uvuns navIcu o can Ic uscu on
IoI 20 anu 1o IavvcIcu vIcs.
!ccausc of uIffcvcn IavvcI IcngIs, Ic IuIIc aI wIII Ic sIIgIIy uIffcvcn.
1Ic uIffcvcncc In IavvcI IcngI uocs IIs:
A 1o A!1s IuIIc aI wIII cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI In 2 Iaccs: 2M anu 00M.
A 20 A!1s IuIIc aI wIII cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI In 2 Iaccs: 1M anu 00M.
1o zcvo a 1o fov 00M, sInIy zcvo a 2n on Ic o scIng.
1o zcvo a 20 fov 00M wII a ucacIaIIc cavvy IanuIc ,A, sIgIs, zcvo a o 2
1o zcvo a 20 fov 00M wII an aacIcu cavvy IanuIc ,A2, sIgIs, zcvo a 8 1
1o zcvo a 1o IavvcIcu vIc wII a ucacIaIIc cavvy IanuIc navIcu o,
voac youv cIcvaIon uvun o Ic o navI. !Ivc a - vounu gvou a a 1
squavc a 2n. Au|us wInuagc wII youv vcav sIgIs. Au|us cIcvaIon wII youv
/-0.+ sIgI os. 1Ic fvon sIgI au|uss fov cIcvaIon Iy scvcwIng I fuvIcv Ino
ov ou of Ic sIgI Iasc. 1o vaIsc IuIIc Inac, novc youv fvon sIgI In Ic
uIvcc navIcu \!. MaIc au|usncns unII youv gvou Is on avgc foIIowIng
Ic !ncIcs, MInucs, IIcIs voccuuvc. Oncc on avgc, uo no aIcv youv fvon
sIgI.
1o zcvo a 20 IavvcIcu A!1 wII a ucacIaIIc cavvy IanuIc navIcu o,
voac youv cIcvaIon uvun o Ic o navI &)6$ X :)#:4$8 ! sIouIu scIcc Ic
navIIng Z wIIcI sanus fov zcvo. 1IIs naIcs u fov Ic uIffcvcncc In IuIIc
aI as ucscvIIcu aIovc. !oIIow Ic sanc zcvoIng voccuuvc ,!M,, au|usIng
cIcvaIon wII Ic fvon sIgI unII on avgc.
1o zcvo a 20IavvcIcu vIc wII an aacIcu cavvy IanuIc navIcu 8,
voac youv cIcvaIon uvun o Ic 8 navI &)6$ Y :)#:4. !oIIow Ic sanc zcvoIng
voccuuvc, au|usIng cIcvaIon wII Ic fvon sIgI unII on avgc.
Oncc zcvocu, Ic o scIng ov Ic 8 scIng wIII Iavc Ic vIc Ic zcvocu
fov 00M. !ov avgcs Icyonu 00M, voac Ic cIcvaIon uvun o Inucxcu
nunIcvs. 1100M, 00M, cc. A fuII voaIon wIII agaIn scIcc o anu Is Ic
o00M zcvo. !ov avgcs cIoscv Ian 00, swIcI o Ic acvuvc navIcu 0-2.
1IIs wIII naIc cIangc youv zcvo o 200n. 1Ic Iavgc acvuvc ,navIcu 0-2, Is
12
CB MWTT801 M:I3 ,3; :2 ,:23 N:17 MT:23
Youv suov Icg sIouIu Ic svaIgI In IInc wII youv sInc. Youv suov
foo sIouIu Ic as a as ossIIIc. Youv oc sIouIu no uIg Ino Ic gvounu. !oIn
youv oc In ov ou, |us uo no uIg In. ug In, youv foo wIII novc, affccIng youv
sIgIs.
JB 40:;;30 M:I3 ,3; !321 /1 P233
Youv vIggcv sIuc Icg sIouIu Ic Icn a Ic Incc In a vougIIy D0 ucgvcc
angIc. 1Ic IIgIcv you can svccI youv Icg, Ic Iccv. onc cxIIIc coIc can
ncc IcIv vIggcv Incc wII IcIv vIggcv cIIow. 1IIs Is an cxvcnc, Iu I sIows
Ic oIn. 1IIs IcIs o aIsovI vccoII anu IIf youv uIaIvagn off Ic gvounu o
Icc IvcaIIng fvon affccIng youv sIgIs.
^B 40:;;30 M:I3 ">?8G .>/213I +:0R>X
Youv vIggcv cIIow sIouIu no Ic vcIIcu uon o IoIu you u. ! sInIy Is
vcscu on Ic gvounu o aIIow youv vIggcv Ingcv o funcIon wIIou svaIn.
Howcvcv, I sIouIu Ic Iancu IvnIy In ovucv o no Ic InocIcu ou of osIIon
Iy vccoII.
LB 40:;;30 5/2I +:0R _5/2I97/`3_
1Ic vIggcv Ianu sIouIu no gvI Ic vIc IIIc a gavucn ooI. A IIgI, yc
Ivn IanusIaIc gvI Is sufIcIcn. 1Ic vIggcv Ianu sIouIu uII Ic vIc Ino Ic
ocIc of Ic sIouIucv. onac wII Ic socI sIouIu Ic nInInaI, yc soIIu.
Movc Ic IunI o Ic vIggcv sIuc of Ic socI. ! uocs no nccu o wva
avounu Ic IacI. MIuuIc, vIng anu InIy Ingcvs conc Ino conac wII Ic
IsoI gvI onIy a Ic IngcvI. 1IIs Icavcs a sacc Icwccn Ic aIn anu Ic
IsoI gvI.
1
1o ucacIcu cavvy IanuIcs. 1Ic 20 IavvcIcu aacIcu cavvy IanuIc cIcvaIon
uvun Is navIcu 8. cacIcu cavvy IanuIc cIcvaIon uvuns avc navIcu o.
1Ic ucacIcu cavvy IanuIc wII cIcvaIon uvuns navIcu o can Ic uscu on
IoI 20 anu 1o IavvcIcu vIcs.
!ccausc of uIffcvcn IavvcI IcngIs, Ic IuIIc aI wIII Ic sIIgIIy uIffcvcn.
1Ic uIffcvcncc In IavvcI IcngI uocs IIs:
A 1o A!1s IuIIc aI wIII cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI In 2 Iaccs: 2M anu 00M.
A 20 A!1s IuIIc aI wIII cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI In 2 Iaccs: 1M anu 00M.
1o zcvo a 1o fov 00M, sInIy zcvo a 2n on Ic o scIng.
1o zcvo a 20 fov 00M wII a ucacIaIIc cavvy IanuIc ,A, sIgIs, zcvo a o 2
1o zcvo a 20 fov 00M wII an aacIcu cavvy IanuIc ,A2, sIgIs, zcvo a 8 1
1o zcvo a 1o IavvcIcu vIc wII a ucacIaIIc cavvy IanuIc navIcu o,
voac youv cIcvaIon uvun o Ic o navI. !Ivc a - vounu gvou a a 1
squavc a 2n. Au|us wInuagc wII youv vcav sIgIs. Au|us cIcvaIon wII youv
/-0.+ sIgI os. 1Ic fvon sIgI au|uss fov cIcvaIon Iy scvcwIng I fuvIcv Ino
ov ou of Ic sIgI Iasc. 1o vaIsc IuIIc Inac, novc youv fvon sIgI In Ic
uIvcc navIcu \!. MaIc au|usncns unII youv gvou Is on avgc foIIowIng
Ic !ncIcs, MInucs, IIcIs voccuuvc. Oncc on avgc, uo no aIcv youv fvon
sIgI.
1o zcvo a 20 IavvcIcu A!1 wII a ucacIaIIc cavvy IanuIc navIcu o,
voac youv cIcvaIon uvun o Ic o navI &)6$ X :)#:4$8 ! sIouIu scIcc Ic
navIIng Z wIIcI sanus fov zcvo. 1IIs naIcs u fov Ic uIffcvcncc In IuIIc
aI as ucscvIIcu aIovc. !oIIow Ic sanc zcvoIng voccuuvc ,!M,, au|usIng
cIcvaIon wII Ic fvon sIgI unII on avgc.
1o zcvo a 20IavvcIcu vIc wII an aacIcu cavvy IanuIc navIcu 8,
voac youv cIcvaIon uvun o Ic 8 navI &)6$ Y :)#:4. !oIIow Ic sanc zcvoIng
voccuuvc, au|usIng cIcvaIon wII Ic fvon sIgI unII on avgc.
Oncc zcvocu, Ic o scIng ov Ic 8 scIng wIII Iavc Ic vIc Ic zcvocu
fov 00M. !ov avgcs Icyonu 00M, voac Ic cIcvaIon uvun o Inucxcu
nunIcvs. 1100M, 00M, cc. A fuII voaIon wIII agaIn scIcc o anu Is Ic
o00M zcvo. !ov avgcs cIoscv Ian 00, swIcI o Ic acvuvc navIcu 0-2.
1IIs wIII naIc cIangc youv zcvo o 200n. 1Ic Iavgc acvuvc ,navIcu 0-2, Is
12
Icc aII IcIv sIos In 1 a 2n, Icn onc can Icc aII IcIv sIos In 20 a
00n. 1IIs Is uuc o Ic conc of Ivc.
!Iguvc 2D. 1 MInuc of AngIc onc of !Ivc
A !Icnyns accuvacy Is a conIInaIon of wo IIngs: cquIncn anu
sIIII. Mos sanuavu nIIIavy vIcs wII sanuavu IaII annunIIon avc caaIIc of
2 MOA wIcn ucvoIu of Iunan cvvov. 1IIs ncans Ia Ic !Icnyn Is aIIowcu
2 MOA of nIsaIc In ovucv o acconIIsI a 1 MOA sanuavu.
\nucvsanuIng Ic conc of Ivc Is uscfuI fov vansIaIng Issucs of accuvacy,
uIsancc, wInu, cc. 1Ic conc of Ivc Is Ic concc Ia connccs accuvacy wII
uIsancc. !f you can u aII youv sIos Ino a 1 squavc a 2n Icn wII a IIIc
novc InowIcugc aIou conc us anu va|ccovy, you wIII u aII youv sIos
Ino a 20 avgc a 00n.
!cc Ic sanc sIgI Icuvc as a 2 yavus. vou sIzcs wIII vcnaIn Ic
sanc ,In MOA, as wIcn sIooIng a 2 yavus ,VIa you uo a 2n, Is wIa
youII uo a 100n, ov 00n,. VIcn sIgIs avc au|uscu a conc of Ivc Is IcIng
novcu, no InuIvIuuaI sIos, anu Ic ccncv of Ia conc sIouIu faII In Ic
ccncv of Ic avgc, |us as wII Ic 1 MOA squavcs.
Z308:2; 173 6*\A
1Ic A!1 concs In nany vavIcIcs. 1Icvc avc wo sanuavu IavvcI IcngIs:
20 anu 1o. 1Ic vcav sIgI Is IuII Ino Ic cavvy IanuIc. AacIcu cavvy IanuIcs
,A2, cIIcI In 1 MOA. cacIaIIc cavvy IanuIcs ,A, sIgIs cIIcI In 12 MOA. 1Ic
cIcvaIon uvun Is navIcu uIffcvcnIy Icwccn 20 aacIcu cavvy IanuIcs anu
11
!Iguvc 12. 1Ic 1vIggcv Hanu
1Ic vIggcv Ingcv sIouIu no oucI Ic socI. !nscau, I sIouIu Ic Icn
In a sIac, IcavIng an aIv ga Icwccn Ic Ingcv anu Ic socI. VIcn Ic
vIggcv Ingcv oucIcs Ic socI, sIos cnu o uvag In a sIucways uIvccIon. 1IIs
Is caIIcu uvaggIng woou. onac wII Ic vIggcv sIouIu Ic wII Ic I of Ic
vIggcv Ingcv, ov Ic nIuuIc of Ic Ivs au of Ic Ingcv. 1Ic vIggcv sIouIu Ic
squcczcu svaIgI IacI. `oIIng In youv osIIon sIouIu novc wIIIc aIIng Ic
sIo cxcc fov Ic I of youv Ingcv.
\aB '3=` "K132I3I D4W0`3X '3=`H
1Ic nccI sIouIu cxcnu as fav as ossIIIc. 1IIs ucvcIos a consIscn sIgI
Icuvc. onsIscncy In fovn Is Icy If onc Is o Ic consIscnIy accuvac. !f Ic
nccI Is cxcnucu o uIffcvcn IcngIs, a consIscn sIgI Icuvc Is InossIIIc.
Howcvcv, If I Is cxcnucu as fav as I wIII go, I wIII aIways Ic consIscn. 1IIs Is
caIIcu a uvIcy nccI. !f uonc covvccIy, vccoII wIII no Iuv youv facc. 1IIs Is
Iccausc youv nccI Is fuIIy cxcnucu, vccoII wIII usI IacI youv sIouIucv anu
youv cxcnucu nccI wIII foIIow, novIng wII Ic vIc.
A!1 sIoocvs wIII wan o u IcIv nosc on Ic cIavgIng IanuIc. on
wovvy, I won` Iuv you as you wIII novc wII Ic vccoII.
\\B #733` .>/213I 82 M18=` D#733` N3>IH
VIcn Ic nccI Is cxcnucu fuIIy, Ian youv cIccI on Ic conI of Ic
socI. 1IIs soIIuIIcs Ic cIccI wcIu. Youv cycs sIouIu Ic IcvcI wII Ic sIgIs. !f
11
Icc aII IcIv sIos In 1 a 2n, Icn onc can Icc aII IcIv sIos In 20 a
00n. 1IIs Is uuc o Ic conc of Ivc.
!Iguvc 2D. 1 MInuc of AngIc onc of !Ivc
A !Icnyns accuvacy Is a conIInaIon of wo IIngs: cquIncn anu
sIIII. Mos sanuavu nIIIavy vIcs wII sanuavu IaII annunIIon avc caaIIc of
2 MOA wIcn ucvoIu of Iunan cvvov. 1IIs ncans Ia Ic !Icnyn Is aIIowcu
2 MOA of nIsaIc In ovucv o acconIIsI a 1 MOA sanuavu.
\nucvsanuIng Ic conc of Ivc Is uscfuI fov vansIaIng Issucs of accuvacy,
uIsancc, wInu, cc. 1Ic conc of Ivc Is Ic concc Ia connccs accuvacy wII
uIsancc. !f you can u aII youv sIos Ino a 1 squavc a 2n Icn wII a IIIc
novc InowIcugc aIou conc us anu va|ccovy, you wIII u aII youv sIos
Ino a 20 avgc a 00n.
!cc Ic sanc sIgI Icuvc as a 2 yavus. vou sIzcs wIII vcnaIn Ic
sanc ,In MOA, as wIcn sIooIng a 2 yavus ,VIa you uo a 2n, Is wIa
youII uo a 100n, ov 00n,. VIcn sIgIs avc au|uscu a conc of Ivc Is IcIng
novcu, no InuIvIuuaI sIos, anu Ic ccncv of Ia conc sIouIu faII In Ic
ccncv of Ic avgc, |us as wII Ic 1 MOA squavcs.
Z308:2; 173 6*\A
1Ic A!1 concs In nany vavIcIcs. 1Icvc avc wo sanuavu IavvcI IcngIs:
20 anu 1o. 1Ic vcav sIgI Is IuII Ino Ic cavvy IanuIc. AacIcu cavvy IanuIcs
,A2, cIIcI In 1 MOA. cacIaIIc cavvy IanuIcs ,A, sIgIs cIIcI In 12 MOA. 1Ic
cIcvaIon uvun Is navIcu uIffcvcnIy Icwccn 20 aacIcu cavvy IanuIcs anu
11
!Iguvc 12. 1Ic 1vIggcv Hanu
1Ic vIggcv Ingcv sIouIu no oucI Ic socI. !nscau, I sIouIu Ic Icn
In a sIac, IcavIng an aIv ga Icwccn Ic Ingcv anu Ic socI. VIcn Ic
vIggcv Ingcv oucIcs Ic socI, sIos cnu o uvag In a sIucways uIvccIon. 1IIs
Is caIIcu uvaggIng woou. onac wII Ic vIggcv sIouIu Ic wII Ic I of Ic
vIggcv Ingcv, ov Ic nIuuIc of Ic Ivs au of Ic Ingcv. 1Ic vIggcv sIouIu Ic
squcczcu svaIgI IacI. `oIIng In youv osIIon sIouIu novc wIIIc aIIng Ic
sIo cxcc fov Ic I of youv Ingcv.
\aB '3=` "K132I3I D4W0`3X '3=`H
1Ic nccI sIouIu cxcnu as fav as ossIIIc. 1IIs ucvcIos a consIscn sIgI
Icuvc. onsIscncy In fovn Is Icy If onc Is o Ic consIscnIy accuvac. !f Ic
nccI Is cxcnucu o uIffcvcn IcngIs, a consIscn sIgI Icuvc Is InossIIIc.
Howcvcv, If I Is cxcnucu as fav as I wIII go, I wIII aIways Ic consIscn. 1IIs Is
caIIcu a uvIcy nccI. !f uonc covvccIy, vccoII wIII no Iuv youv facc. 1IIs Is
Iccausc youv nccI Is fuIIy cxcnucu, vccoII wIII usI IacI youv sIouIucv anu
youv cxcnucu nccI wIII foIIow, novIng wII Ic vIc.
A!1 sIoocvs wIII wan o u IcIv nosc on Ic cIavgIng IanuIc. on
wovvy, I won` Iuv you as you wIII novc wII Ic vccoII.
\\B #733` .>/213I 82 M18=` D#733` N3>IH
VIcn Ic nccI Is cxcnucu fuIIy, Ian youv cIccI on Ic conI of Ic
socI. 1IIs soIIuIIcs Ic cIccI wcIu. Youv cycs sIouIu Ic IcvcI wII Ic sIgIs. !f
11
no, onc nIgI nccu o IuIIu u Ic socI wII nacvIaIs. !ong IInIcu sIoocvs
wIII nccu o IuIIu u IcIv socIs o vouucc a goou cIccI wcIu. IoI anu
uuc ac wovI wcII. !f cycs avc sIII no In IInc wII Ic sIgIs, au|us youv
osIIon so Ic angIc of youv Iouy Is novc ov Icss cxvcnc o Ic avgc.
$1730 .8:219 82 173 .0823 .89:1:82
1Ic sIoocv IIcs a a 0 ucgvcc angIc o Ic avgc. 1Ic suov Icg anu
sInc avc no avaIIcI wII Ic vIc IavvcI. 1Ic 0 ucgvcc angIc IcIs onc gc
IcIv cIIow unucv Ic vIc, aIsovI vccoII anu aIogcIcv IuIIu a saIIc osIIon.
A connon cvvov of ncw sIoocvs In Ic vonc osIIon Is Invocv usc of
Ic sIIng. VIIIc I nay Ic wovn covvccIy, I nus Ic 6$*5. 1IIs ncans youv
wcIgI nus Ic suovcu Iy Ic sIIng. AIso, Ic vIc nus Ic IcIu u Iy Ic
sIIngfovcavn syscn. onnonIy, sIoocvs IIc oo a fov Ic sIIng o Ic
cffccIvc. cvuncI youv Iouy o Ic sIIgIIy sIovcv, uccvcasIng Ic uIsancc
Icwccn youv suov cIIow anu youv IIs. 1IIs wIII Incvcasc Ic angIc of youv
fovcavn o Ic gvounu. !cncnIcv, I sIouIu Ic a a 1 ucgvcc angIc o Ic
gvounu. An usIuc uown cquIIacvaI vIangIc sIouIu fovn; 1Ic sIIng fovns Ic
o, avaIIcI o Ic gvounu. 1Ic fovcavn anu youv Iowcv avn fovn Ic oIcv wo
sIucs.
!Iguvc 1. 1Ic uov Avn 1vIangIc
&RT801/21: Z.:* #. &0$#+#0.C .*7*- (07* 106- $6&&0-+ *)20,[ YouII Inu ou wIy
Iacv.
1
N0+*\ ;"*. '5D6$+#.> $#>"+$C -*'- $#>"+$ $"06)5 2* (07*5 +"* 5#-*:+#0. 106 ,'.+ 106-
>-06& +0 (07*8 ?-0.+ $#>"+$ '5D6$+(*.+$ ,#)) (07* >-06&$ 0&&0$#+*8 ?0- *A'(&)*C #/ V
,'.+ +0 (07* (1 >-06& )*/+ ,#+" (1 -*'- $#>"+C V $"06)5 (07* (1 -*'- $#>"+ )*/+8
]0,*7*-C V/ V ,'.+ +0 (07* (1 >-06& 50,. ,#+" (1 /-0.+ $#>"+C V ,#)) (07* (1 /-0.+
$#>"+ 6&8
!f you avc usIng a vIc oIcv Ian an M1M1A, you nccu o Inow Iow
nany MOA onc cIIcI cquaIs on youv sIgIs. oncIncs I Is wvIcn uown, on
youv sIgIs, Iu nos Incs I Is no. Onc way of uIscovcvIng IIs Is o u a
Iccc of acv uown vangc a 2n. !Ivc a Ivc sIo gvou, novc youv sIgIs 10
cIIcIs o Ic vIgI. !Ivc anoIcv sIo gvou. Movc youv sIgIs 10 cIIcIs u.
!Ivc a Ivc sIo gvou. Movc youv sIgIs 10 cIIcIs Icf. !Ivc a Ivc sIo gvou.
Movc youv sIgIs 10 cIIcIs uown. You sIouIu Ic IacI wIcvc you savcu. o
uown vangc anu ncasuvc Ic uIsancc Icwccn Ic ccncv of cacI gvou. !ov
cxanIc, youv Ioon Icf gvou Is Icf of youv Ioon vIgI gvou. Avounu
Ic squavc, cacI gvou Is IncIcs fvon Ic vcvIousIy Ivcu gvou.
1o Inu Iow nany MOA cacI cIIcI novcs youv sIgIs, uIvIuc IncIcs Iy
cIIcIs. !n IIs casc, 10 cIIcIs 12 MOA. Youv sIgIs cIIcI In
12 MInuc of AngIc.
!acI o Ic ovIgInaI cxanIc. !f you nccu o novc youv sIgIs 8 MInucs of
AngIc Icf, Icn you wouIu Iavc o cIIcI 1o Incs sIncc cacI cIIcI Is 12
MOA. !IIcwIsc, you wouIu Iavc o cIIcI youv cIcvaIon 10 cIIcIs o IvIng
youv gvou u MOA.
cocs avc ofcn au|uscu In Incv ncasuvcncns. oncIncs wvIcn on a
scoc, I wIII say soncIIng IIIc 1 cIIcI cquaIs IncI a 100 yavus.
!ncvvc IIs. Vc Inow 1 MOA a 100 yavus cquaIs 1 IncI. !f 1 cIIcI
cquaIs IncI a 100 yavus, Icn cacI cIIcI nus Ic MOA. 1IIs Is Iccausc
of 1 MOA a 100 yavus cquaIs IncI.
!oIIow Ic &2=739b %:2W139b #>:=`9 voccuuvc wIcn you zcvo anu you wIII
savc Inc anu anno as cacI au|usncn wIII Ic IncnIonaI anu ncasuvcu. A
!Icnyn sIouIu Ic aIIc o zcvo wII onc caIIcu goou sIo.
#823 8V +:03
1Ic !Icnyn Is caaIIc of a 1MOA sanuavu. 1Ic accuvacy acconIIsIcu
a 2n wIII vansIac o !Icnyn quaIIy IIs ou a fuvIcv uIsanccs. !f onc can
10
no, onc nIgI nccu o IuIIu u Ic socI wII nacvIaIs. !ong IInIcu sIoocvs
wIII nccu o IuIIu u IcIv socIs o vouucc a goou cIccI wcIu. IoI anu
uuc ac wovI wcII. !f cycs avc sIII no In IInc wII Ic sIgIs, au|us youv
osIIon so Ic angIc of youv Iouy Is novc ov Icss cxvcnc o Ic avgc.
$1730 .8:219 82 173 .0823 .89:1:82
1Ic sIoocv IIcs a a 0 ucgvcc angIc o Ic avgc. 1Ic suov Icg anu
sInc avc no avaIIcI wII Ic vIc IavvcI. 1Ic 0 ucgvcc angIc IcIs onc gc
IcIv cIIow unucv Ic vIc, aIsovI vccoII anu aIogcIcv IuIIu a saIIc osIIon.
A connon cvvov of ncw sIoocvs In Ic vonc osIIon Is Invocv usc of
Ic sIIng. VIIIc I nay Ic wovn covvccIy, I nus Ic 6$*5. 1IIs ncans youv
wcIgI nus Ic suovcu Iy Ic sIIng. AIso, Ic vIc nus Ic IcIu u Iy Ic
sIIngfovcavn syscn. onnonIy, sIoocvs IIc oo a fov Ic sIIng o Ic
cffccIvc. cvuncI youv Iouy o Ic sIIgIIy sIovcv, uccvcasIng Ic uIsancc
Icwccn youv suov cIIow anu youv IIs. 1IIs wIII Incvcasc Ic angIc of youv
fovcavn o Ic gvounu. !cncnIcv, I sIouIu Ic a a 1 ucgvcc angIc o Ic
gvounu. An usIuc uown cquIIacvaI vIangIc sIouIu fovn; 1Ic sIIng fovns Ic
o, avaIIcI o Ic gvounu. 1Ic fovcavn anu youv Iowcv avn fovn Ic oIcv wo
sIucs.
!Iguvc 1. 1Ic uov Avn 1vIangIc
&RT801/21: Z.:* #. &0$#+#0.C .*7*- (07* 106- $6&&0-+ *)20,[ YouII Inu ou wIy
Iacv.
1
N0+*\ ;"*. '5D6$+#.> $#>"+$C -*'- $#>"+$ $"06)5 2* (07*5 +"* 5#-*:+#0. 106 ,'.+ 106-
>-06& +0 (07*8 ?-0.+ $#>"+$ '5D6$+(*.+$ ,#)) (07* >-06&$ 0&&0$#+*8 ?0- *A'(&)*C #/ V
,'.+ +0 (07* (1 >-06& )*/+ ,#+" (1 -*'- $#>"+C V $"06)5 (07* (1 -*'- $#>"+ )*/+8
]0,*7*-C V/ V ,'.+ +0 (07* (1 >-06& 50,. ,#+" (1 /-0.+ $#>"+C V ,#)) (07* (1 /-0.+
$#>"+ 6&8
!f you avc usIng a vIc oIcv Ian an M1M1A, you nccu o Inow Iow
nany MOA onc cIIcI cquaIs on youv sIgIs. oncIncs I Is wvIcn uown, on
youv sIgIs, Iu nos Incs I Is no. Onc way of uIscovcvIng IIs Is o u a
Iccc of acv uown vangc a 2n. !Ivc a Ivc sIo gvou, novc youv sIgIs 10
cIIcIs o Ic vIgI. !Ivc anoIcv sIo gvou. Movc youv sIgIs 10 cIIcIs u.
!Ivc a Ivc sIo gvou. Movc youv sIgIs 10 cIIcIs Icf. !Ivc a Ivc sIo gvou.
Movc youv sIgIs 10 cIIcIs uown. You sIouIu Ic IacI wIcvc you savcu. o
uown vangc anu ncasuvc Ic uIsancc Icwccn Ic ccncv of cacI gvou. !ov
cxanIc, youv Ioon Icf gvou Is Icf of youv Ioon vIgI gvou. Avounu
Ic squavc, cacI gvou Is IncIcs fvon Ic vcvIousIy Ivcu gvou.
1o Inu Iow nany MOA cacI cIIcI novcs youv sIgIs, uIvIuc IncIcs Iy
cIIcIs. !n IIs casc, 10 cIIcIs 12 MOA. Youv sIgIs cIIcI In
12 MInuc of AngIc.
!acI o Ic ovIgInaI cxanIc. !f you nccu o novc youv sIgIs 8 MInucs of
AngIc Icf, Icn you wouIu Iavc o cIIcI 1o Incs sIncc cacI cIIcI Is 12
MOA. !IIcwIsc, you wouIu Iavc o cIIcI youv cIcvaIon 10 cIIcIs o IvIng
youv gvou u MOA.
cocs avc ofcn au|uscu In Incv ncasuvcncns. oncIncs wvIcn on a
scoc, I wIII say soncIIng IIIc 1 cIIcI cquaIs IncI a 100 yavus.
!ncvvc IIs. Vc Inow 1 MOA a 100 yavus cquaIs 1 IncI. !f 1 cIIcI
cquaIs IncI a 100 yavus, Icn cacI cIIcI nus Ic MOA. 1IIs Is Iccausc
of 1 MOA a 100 yavus cquaIs IncI.
!oIIow Ic &2=739b %:2W139b #>:=`9 voccuuvc wIcn you zcvo anu you wIII
savc Inc anu anno as cacI au|usncn wIII Ic IncnIonaI anu ncasuvcu. A
!Icnyn sIouIu Ic aIIc o zcvo wII onc caIIcu goou sIo.
#823 8V +:03
1Ic !Icnyn Is caaIIc of a 1MOA sanuavu. 1Ic accuvacy acconIIsIcu
a 2n wIII vansIac o !Icnyn quaIIy IIs ou a fuvIcv uIsanccs. !f onc can
10
!Iguvc 28. 1 MOA vIu a 2 Mccvs ,`o vawn o caIc,
Youv gvou Is:
2 !IgI
1.2 own
%:2W139
onvcv IIs ncasuvcncn o MInuc of AngIc.
!cncnIcv, wc avc a 2n, so 1 MInuc of AngIc a 2 nccvs Is 11 IncI.
2 8 MOA a 2n
1.2 MOA a 2n
Vc Inow wc nccu o novc youv sIgIs 8 MInuc of AngIc u anu MInuc of
AngIc Icf. VvIc IIs uown! You wIII fovgc.
#>:=`9
!cuvn o youv vIc. Youv sIgIs au|us In cIIcIs. 1Ic Ics vIc fov
unucvsanuIng IIs voccuuvc Is Ic M1 avanu ov M1A. 1IIs Is Iccausc on
Icsc vIcs, cacI cIIcI cquaIs onc MInuc of AngIc.
!f wc wcvc o au|us IIs gvou, wc wouIu sInIy cIIcI Ic sIgIs 8
MInuc of AngIc u anu MInuc of AngIc Icf. Vc wouIu Icn Ic zcvocu.
D
'/1W0/> .8:21 8V 6:R D'.$6H
Oncc a vocv osIIon Is IuII, Ic sIoocv Ias Ic founuaIon o goou
sIooIng. Howcvcv, Ic concc of `auvaI !oIn of AIn nus Ic unucvsoou o
naIc fuII usc of a vocv osIIon.
`auvaI !oIn of AIn ,`!OA, Is a concc Ia nus Ic unucvsoou If onc
Incnus o nascv !Icnyn-yc sIooIng. !Ivs, a scnI-IcIonaI sovy o vcIac
Ic Inown o Ic unInown.
!avIy cannons wcvc sInIc convaIons. !nagInc a IavvcI IaIn acvoss a
voc. 1Ic Icavy cannon IavvcI wouIu sag uown anu scIc In Ic nIuuIc of Ic
voc. ! wouIu vcs Icvc nauvaIIy. 1Inc canc fov sonc avgc sIooIng. 1Ic
cannonccvs avoacIcu Ic cannon, uccIuIng Icy nccucu o aIn a IIIc II o
Ic vIgI In ovucv o II Ic avgc. 1Ic soIuIons sccncu sInIc. Onc
cannonccv wcn avounu fvon anu usIcu Ic IavvcI of Ic cannon ovcv o Ic
vIgI unII I was oIncu In Ic covvcc uIvccIon, on avgc.
Oncc oIncu In Ic vIgI uIvccIon, Ic cannonccv In Ic vcav II Ic
cannon. !OOM! 1Ic cannon Icacu ou of aIn. ! novcu IacI o Ic nIuuIc of
Ic voc. ! novcu o wIcvc I wancu o nauvaIIy IIc. ! novcu IacI o Is
nauvaI oIn of aIn. Of couvsc, Ic cannon nIsscu Is avgc. 1Ic cannonnccvs
Iavc Icavncu Ic Inovancc of nauvaI oIn of aIn.
1Ic cannonncvs go snav. 1Icy vcIuII Ic cannon cavvIagc. !nscau of a
voc, Icy Ixcu Ic IavvcI o a soIIu wooucn founuaIon. VIcn aInIng, Icy
novcu Ic cnIvc cannon cavvIagc. `ow cvcvy Inc Icy Ivcu, Ic cannon wouIu
II Is navI as I was aIways In Is nauvaI oIn of aIn.
`!OA Is Ic Iacc wIcvc you anu youv vIc oIn nauvaIIy. `auvaIIy
ncans wIIou nuscIc anu a vcIaxcu Iouy. 1Ic cannon vcsIng a Ic Ioon of
Ic voc Is In nauvaI oIn of aIn. Howcvcv, nauvaI oIn of aIn Is no aIways
on avgc. 1Icvcfovc, a cannon cavvIagc was Invcncu o sIIf Ic IavvcIcavvIagc
convaIon as onc.
As a !Icnyn, onc nus Icconc a cannon cavvIagc. 1IIs Is Ic uvosc of
Ic vonc osIIon. 1Ic vonc osIIon Is csscnIaIIy Ic cannon cavvIagc, anu
Ic vIc: Ic cannon.
1o
!Iguvc 28. 1 MOA vIu a 2 Mccvs ,`o vawn o caIc,
Youv gvou Is:
2 !IgI
1.2 own
%:2W139
onvcv IIs ncasuvcncn o MInuc of AngIc.
!cncnIcv, wc avc a 2n, so 1 MInuc of AngIc a 2 nccvs Is 11 IncI.
2 8 MOA a 2n
1.2 MOA a 2n
Vc Inow wc nccu o novc youv sIgIs 8 MInuc of AngIc u anu MInuc of
AngIc Icf. VvIc IIs uown! You wIII fovgc.
#>:=`9
!cuvn o youv vIc. Youv sIgIs au|us In cIIcIs. 1Ic Ics vIc fov
unucvsanuIng IIs voccuuvc Is Ic M1 avanu ov M1A. 1IIs Is Iccausc on
Icsc vIcs, cacI cIIcI cquaIs onc MInuc of AngIc.
!f wc wcvc o au|us IIs gvou, wc wouIu sInIy cIIcI Ic sIgIs 8
MInuc of AngIc u anu MInuc of AngIc Icf. Vc wouIu Icn Ic zcvocu.
D
'/1W0/> .8:21 8V 6:R D'.$6H
Oncc a vocv osIIon Is IuII, Ic sIoocv Ias Ic founuaIon o goou
sIooIng. Howcvcv, Ic concc of `auvaI !oIn of AIn nus Ic unucvsoou o
naIc fuII usc of a vocv osIIon.
`auvaI !oIn of AIn ,`!OA, Is a concc Ia nus Ic unucvsoou If onc
Incnus o nascv !Icnyn-yc sIooIng. !Ivs, a scnI-IcIonaI sovy o vcIac
Ic Inown o Ic unInown.
!avIy cannons wcvc sInIc convaIons. !nagInc a IavvcI IaIn acvoss a
voc. 1Ic Icavy cannon IavvcI wouIu sag uown anu scIc In Ic nIuuIc of Ic
voc. ! wouIu vcs Icvc nauvaIIy. 1Inc canc fov sonc avgc sIooIng. 1Ic
cannonccvs avoacIcu Ic cannon, uccIuIng Icy nccucu o aIn a IIIc II o
Ic vIgI In ovucv o II Ic avgc. 1Ic soIuIons sccncu sInIc. Onc
cannonccv wcn avounu fvon anu usIcu Ic IavvcI of Ic cannon ovcv o Ic
vIgI unII I was oIncu In Ic covvcc uIvccIon, on avgc.
Oncc oIncu In Ic vIgI uIvccIon, Ic cannonccv In Ic vcav II Ic
cannon. !OOM! 1Ic cannon Icacu ou of aIn. ! novcu IacI o Ic nIuuIc of
Ic voc. ! novcu o wIcvc I wancu o nauvaIIy IIc. ! novcu IacI o Is
nauvaI oIn of aIn. Of couvsc, Ic cannon nIsscu Is avgc. 1Ic cannonnccvs
Iavc Icavncu Ic Inovancc of nauvaI oIn of aIn.
1Ic cannonncvs go snav. 1Icy vcIuII Ic cannon cavvIagc. !nscau of a
voc, Icy Ixcu Ic IavvcI o a soIIu wooucn founuaIon. VIcn aInIng, Icy
novcu Ic cnIvc cannon cavvIagc. `ow cvcvy Inc Icy Ivcu, Ic cannon wouIu
II Is navI as I was aIways In Is nauvaI oIn of aIn.
`!OA Is Ic Iacc wIcvc you anu youv vIc oIn nauvaIIy. `auvaIIy
ncans wIIou nuscIc anu a vcIaxcu Iouy. 1Ic cannon vcsIng a Ic Ioon of
Ic voc Is In nauvaI oIn of aIn. Howcvcv, nauvaI oIn of aIn Is no aIways
on avgc. 1Icvcfovc, a cannon cavvIagc was Invcncu o sIIf Ic IavvcIcavvIagc
convaIon as onc.
As a !Icnyn, onc nus Icconc a cannon cavvIagc. 1IIs Is Ic uvosc of
Ic vonc osIIon. 1Ic vonc osIIon Is csscnIaIIy Ic cannon cavvIagc, anu
Ic vIc: Ic cannon.
1o
+:2I:2; '/1W0/> .8:21 8V 6:R
48 c2I X8W0 '.$6b 9>:2; WTb ;31 :218 T89:1:82 /2I V8>>8G 17393 913T9@
1. Iosc youv cycs
2. !cIax youv nuscIcs
. !vcaIc In, !vcaIc ou
1. Ocn youv cycs
. IIf If ncccssavy
!f you avc conIccIy vcIaxcu, IIs wIII Ic youv nauvaI oIn of aIn.
`Incy-nInc cvccn of Ic Inc you wIII no Ic on avgc. 1IIs Is Inc. VIa uIu
Ic cannonccvs uo o gc IacI on avgc. 1Icy novcu Ic cannon cavvIagc. Youv
Iouy, ,Ic cannon cavvIagc, nus novc In ovucv o IvIng youv sIgIs on avgc.
o no usc youv avn nuscIcs o novc Ic sIgIs ono Ic avgc. 1IIs Is
cquIvaIcn o Ic cannonccvs usIIng Ic cannon acvoss Ic voc. Movc Ic
cavvIagc!
How uocs onc novc Ic cavvIagc.
-8W0 9WTT801 3>?8G 91/X9 T>/213I. ! uocs no novc. Youv suov cIIow Is youv
Ivo oIn. o no novc youv cIIow!
!nscau, sIIf youv IIs. A sIIgI sIIf In Ic IIs Is cnougI o cIangc youv
nauvaI oIn of aIn. !f you nccu o novc youv sIgIs o Ic vIgI, sIIf youv IIs
Icf. 1IIs angIcs youv Iouy ,cannon cavvIagc, In oIn of aIn Ia Is cIoscv o
youv avgc. A sIIf vcquIvcs you o IIfc youv IIs off Ic gvounu anu Iacc Icn
soncwIcvc cIsc. 1yIcaIIy a sIIf wIII onIy Ic a fcw IncIcs. Afcv you sIIf,
vcncnIcv o vcIax agaIn.
6:R V08R 173 7:TB
'/00/1:Y3 8V +:2I:2; '/1W0/> .8:21 8V 6:R
You IIc uown anu gc Ino Ic vonc osIIon. You Iay uown In Ic gcncvaI
uIvccIon of Ic avgc wII youv Iouy angIcu avoxInacIy 0 ucgvccs owavus
Ic vIggcv sIuc of Ic avgc. Howcvcv, you avc no ,a IIs oIn, conccvncu
wII cxacIy wIcvc Ic avgc vcsIucs.
1
Z308:2; .08=3IW03
!Iacc a 1 squavc a 2n. c Ino vocv vonc osIIon. AcquIvc `!OA.
!oIIow Ic D scs o IvIng a sIo anu Ivc a - vounu gvou Ino Ic squavc
usIng Ic o-o-cIocI IoIu. o no zcvo youv vIc off a IcncI, sanuIags, ov IIou.
Zcvo youv vIc In Ic vonc osIIon, I Is afcv aII, Ic osIIon of wIIcI you
sIouIu Ic voIcIcn. You avc onIy as goou as youv cvfovnancc In Ic IcIu.
!f youv gvou Is 1 MOA ov snaIIcv you avc vcauy o au|us youv sIgIs. !f
no, uo no wovvy aIou IcIng zcvocu. VovI on Ic funuancnaIs unII you Iavc
a snaII, IgI gvou soncwIcvc on Ic acv. !f youv gvou Is 1 MOA ov unucv
anu you Iavc caIIcu youv sIos goou, Icn you avc vcauy o au|us youv sIgIs.
!avIIcv wc Icavncu Ia 1 MOA 1 &*- Iunuvcu yavus. Vc avc sIooIng a
2 nccvs. 1IIs Is 11 Ic uIsancc of 100 nccvs. 1Icvcfovc, 1 MOA a 2 nccvs
cquaIs 11 IncI. Vc avc sIooIng a a 1 ,1 MOA a 2n, squavc Iccausc I Is Ic
!Icnyns sanuavu. ,!cncnIcv, 1MOA a 00n 20,
ay you Iavc a gvou Iow anu o Ic vIgI. `ow foIIow Ic voccuuvc Inown
as. . .
&2=739b %:2W139b #>:=`9
&2=739b %:2W139b #>:=`9 Is a Ivcc sc zcvoIng voccuuvc. 1Ic Ivs sc,
&2=739, vcquIvcs onc o ncasuvc Ic uIsancc you wan o novc a gvou In
IncIcs. 1Ic scconu sc, %:2W139, vcquIvcs onc o convcv Ic ncasuvcncn of
IncIcs Ino MInucs of AngIc. 1Ic IIvu sc, #>:=`9, vcquIvcs onc o au|us Ic
sIgIs of Ic vIc Iy InowIng Iow nany MInucs of AngIc cacI IIcI ,an
Incvcncn of novcncn on Ic sIgI, wIII novc Ic sIgI.
&2=739
Mcasuvc Ic uIsancc of Ic ccncv of youv gvou o Ic ccncv of Ic
squavc. Mcasuvc In IncIcs. !ov IIs cxanIc, wc avc 2 IncIcs vIgI anu 1.2 IncI
uown.
8
+:2I:2; '/1W0/> .8:21 8V 6:R
48 c2I X8W0 '.$6b 9>:2; WTb ;31 :218 T89:1:82 /2I V8>>8G 17393 913T9@
1. Iosc youv cycs
2. !cIax youv nuscIcs
. !vcaIc In, !vcaIc ou
1. Ocn youv cycs
. IIf If ncccssavy
!f you avc conIccIy vcIaxcu, IIs wIII Ic youv nauvaI oIn of aIn.
`Incy-nInc cvccn of Ic Inc you wIII no Ic on avgc. 1IIs Is Inc. VIa uIu
Ic cannonccvs uo o gc IacI on avgc. 1Icy novcu Ic cannon cavvIagc. Youv
Iouy, ,Ic cannon cavvIagc, nus novc In ovucv o IvIng youv sIgIs on avgc.
o no usc youv avn nuscIcs o novc Ic sIgIs ono Ic avgc. 1IIs Is
cquIvaIcn o Ic cannonccvs usIIng Ic cannon acvoss Ic voc. Movc Ic
cavvIagc!
How uocs onc novc Ic cavvIagc.
-8W0 9WTT801 3>?8G 91/X9 T>/213I. ! uocs no novc. Youv suov cIIow Is youv
Ivo oIn. o no novc youv cIIow!
!nscau, sIIf youv IIs. A sIIgI sIIf In Ic IIs Is cnougI o cIangc youv
nauvaI oIn of aIn. !f you nccu o novc youv sIgIs o Ic vIgI, sIIf youv IIs
Icf. 1IIs angIcs youv Iouy ,cannon cavvIagc, In oIn of aIn Ia Is cIoscv o
youv avgc. A sIIf vcquIvcs you o IIfc youv IIs off Ic gvounu anu Iacc Icn
soncwIcvc cIsc. 1yIcaIIy a sIIf wIII onIy Ic a fcw IncIcs. Afcv you sIIf,
vcncnIcv o vcIax agaIn.
6:R V08R 173 7:TB
'/00/1:Y3 8V +:2I:2; '/1W0/> .8:21 8V 6:R
You IIc uown anu gc Ino Ic vonc osIIon. You Iay uown In Ic gcncvaI
uIvccIon of Ic avgc wII youv Iouy angIcu avoxInacIy 0 ucgvccs owavus
Ic vIggcv sIuc of Ic avgc. Howcvcv, you avc no ,a IIs oIn, conccvncu
wII cxacIy wIcvc Ic avgc vcsIucs.
1
Z308:2; .08=3IW03
!Iacc a 1 squavc a 2n. c Ino vocv vonc osIIon. AcquIvc `!OA.
!oIIow Ic D scs o IvIng a sIo anu Ivc a - vounu gvou Ino Ic squavc
usIng Ic o-o-cIocI IoIu. o no zcvo youv vIc off a IcncI, sanuIags, ov IIou.
Zcvo youv vIc In Ic vonc osIIon, I Is afcv aII, Ic osIIon of wIIcI you
sIouIu Ic voIcIcn. You avc onIy as goou as youv cvfovnancc In Ic IcIu.
!f youv gvou Is 1 MOA ov snaIIcv you avc vcauy o au|us youv sIgIs. !f
no, uo no wovvy aIou IcIng zcvocu. VovI on Ic funuancnaIs unII you Iavc
a snaII, IgI gvou soncwIcvc on Ic acv. !f youv gvou Is 1 MOA ov unucv
anu you Iavc caIIcu youv sIos goou, Icn you avc vcauy o au|us youv sIgIs.
!avIIcv wc Icavncu Ia 1 MOA 1 &*- Iunuvcu yavus. Vc avc sIooIng a
2 nccvs. 1IIs Is 11 Ic uIsancc of 100 nccvs. 1Icvcfovc, 1 MOA a 2 nccvs
cquaIs 11 IncI. Vc avc sIooIng a a 1 ,1 MOA a 2n, squavc Iccausc I Is Ic
!Icnyns sanuavu. ,!cncnIcv, 1MOA a 00n 20,
ay you Iavc a gvou Iow anu o Ic vIgI. `ow foIIow Ic voccuuvc Inown
as. . .
&2=739b %:2W139b #>:=`9
&2=739b %:2W139b #>:=`9 Is a Ivcc sc zcvoIng voccuuvc. 1Ic Ivs sc,
&2=739, vcquIvcs onc o ncasuvc Ic uIsancc you wan o novc a gvou In
IncIcs. 1Ic scconu sc, %:2W139, vcquIvcs onc o convcv Ic ncasuvcncn of
IncIcs Ino MInucs of AngIc. 1Ic IIvu sc, #>:=`9, vcquIvcs onc o au|us Ic
sIgIs of Ic vIc Iy InowIng Iow nany MInucs of AngIc cacI IIcI ,an
Incvcncn of novcncn on Ic sIgI, wIII novc Ic sIgI.
&2=739
Mcasuvc Ic uIsancc of Ic ccncv of youv gvou o Ic ccncv of Ic
squavc. Mcasuvc In IncIcs. !ov IIs cxanIc, wc avc 2 IncIcs vIgI anu 1.2 IncI
uown.
8
Z308:2; -8W0 *:<3
ZcvoIng Is Ic voccss Iy wIIcI you nacI youv vIcs IInc of sIgI wII
va|ccovy.
!Inc of sIgI Is Ic InagInavy IInc Ia cxcnus fvon youv cyc, IvougI
youv sIgIs, anu Ino InInIy. 1va|ccovy Is Ic aI Ic IuIIc aIcs wIcn Ivcu
fvon youv vIc. 1Ic IInc of sIgI Is svaIgI, wIIIc youv IuIIcs aI Is cuvvcu.
Youv IavvcI Is sIIgIIy oIncu uwavus ,Ic IcIow uIagvan cxaggcvacs IIs,.
1Ic IuIIc Icavcs youv IavvcI acccIcvaIng uwavus unII I Is ovcvconc Iy
gvavIy anu IcgIns o vavcI uownwavus.
!Iguvc 2. !Inc of IgI anu !uIIc !aI
1Ic oIn of zcvoIng Is o nacI youv IInc of sIgI wII youv IuIIcs
va|ccovy. `oIcc In Ic aIovc uIagvan Iow Ic IInc of sIgI anu Ic va|ccovy
ncc a wo oIns. A .0 caIIIcv ,.08.o2x1, .o2xD, .o2x1v, 0.0o, IuIIcs
va|ccovy wIII cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI a 2 anu 200 Mccvs. 1Icvcfovc, onc wIII
zcvo a 2n. Oncc onc Is zcvocu a 2n, you wIII Ic on a 200n.
An A!1 Is a IIIc uIffcvcn sIncc I uscs a uIffcvcn cavvIugc ,.o
nao.22 wIncIcscv, anu Is sIgIs IcIng IIgIcv off Ic IavvcI. !s va|ccovy
causcs Ic IuIIc o cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI a n anu 00n. 1Icvcfovc, If onc Is
zcvocu a n, onc wIII Ic on a 00 nccvs. Howcvcv, a !Icnyn usIng an
A!1 sIouIu sIII zcvo a 2n. Movc on Ic A!1 Iacv.
Mos noucvn ccncv Ivc vIc IuIIc aIs cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI a 2n
anu 200n. IgI-In-IanuIc yc vIcs ,A!1, wIII zcvo a 00n. cocu vIcs
aIso zcvo a 00n.

You avc In osIIon. `ow, !!!AX! 1IIs ncans conscIousIy IInI of youv
Iouy avs. You vcIax youv suov Ianu, youv suov avn, IIcc, sIouIucv,
IacI, nccI, vIggcv Ianu, *7*-1+"#.>8 1Icn, you cIosc youv cycs. VIIIc Icy avc
cIoscu, IvcaIc In anu IvcaIc ou. Ocn youv cycs. `ow, wIcvc Is youv fvon
sIgI. !cncnIcv, DD' of Ic Inc I wIII no Ic on avgc. 1IIs Is 04'18 !f you avc
vcIaxcu anu In a saIIc osIIon, youv sIgIs avc oInIng In IcIv `auvaI !oIn
of AIn. oou 1oI.
AcuaIIy, IIs Inc, youv sIgIs avc IcIow Ic avgc anu o Ic vIgI. `o
voIIcn. You Icc youv suov cIIow Iancu as a Ivo oIn anu you sIIf
youv IIs. 1IIs Inc, you sIIf youv IIs sIIgIIy o Ic )*/+. 1IIs IvIngs youv
`!OA soncwIcvc IacI vIgI owavu Ic avgc. 1Icn, you sIIf youv IIs 2':4 a
IIIc. 1IIs wIII vaIsc youv `!OA. `ow, go IvougI Ic `!OA cs scs agaIn.
1. Iosc youv cycs
2. !cIax youv nuscIcs
. !vcaIc In, !vcaIc ou
1. Ocn youv cycs
. IIf If ncccssavy
1IIs Inc, ny fvon sIgI Is sIII IcIow anu oo fav Icf. ! nus no Iavc sIIfcu
fov cnougI cIcvaIon anu oo nucI wInuagc. o, ! sIIf ny IIs IacI a Iny II
o vaIsc ny fvon sIgI. ! sIIf ny IIs vIgI a IIIc II o IvIng ny fvon sIgI
IacI o Ic vIgI. ! go IvougI Ic `!OA cs scs agaIn, anu InaIIy, ! an on
ny avgc. My avgc sIs |us on o of ny fvon sIgI sIncc ! an usIng Ic Ix
O IocI IoIu. ! IvcaIc In anu wacI ny fvon sIgI uI IcIow Ic avgc. !
IvcaI ou anu wacI ny sIgI vaIsc vIgI IacI o ny Ix O IocI IoIu.
A Ivs you wIII nccu o sIIf nany Incs Icfovc youv nauvaI oIn of aIn
Is on avgc. 1IIs Is oIay. Ovcv Inc anu wII vacIcc you wIII no nccu o sIIf
as nany Incs as you ucvcIo Ic sIIII. !ov now, Ic aIcn anu I8 281 =W1
=802309B You wIII onIy Ic cIcaIng youvscIf.
!3 173 =/2282 =/00:/;3 anu 6:R V08R 173 7:TB
N7X '.$6d
`auvaI !oIn of AIn In avncvsII wII a goou IcIu osIIon aIIows Ic
sIoocv o ucIIvcv vaIu, wcII aIncu Ivc. A sIoocv In a goou osIIon anu In
vuc nauvaI oIn of aIn can cny IcIv nagazInc quIcIIy anu accuvacIy a a
vac of 20 vounus cv nInuc.
18
Z308:2; -8W0 *:<3
ZcvoIng Is Ic voccss Iy wIIcI you nacI youv vIcs IInc of sIgI wII
va|ccovy.
!Inc of sIgI Is Ic InagInavy IInc Ia cxcnus fvon youv cyc, IvougI
youv sIgIs, anu Ino InInIy. 1va|ccovy Is Ic aI Ic IuIIc aIcs wIcn Ivcu
fvon youv vIc. 1Ic IInc of sIgI Is svaIgI, wIIIc youv IuIIcs aI Is cuvvcu.
Youv IavvcI Is sIIgIIy oIncu uwavus ,Ic IcIow uIagvan cxaggcvacs IIs,.
1Ic IuIIc Icavcs youv IavvcI acccIcvaIng uwavus unII I Is ovcvconc Iy
gvavIy anu IcgIns o vavcI uownwavus.
!Iguvc 2. !Inc of IgI anu !uIIc !aI
1Ic oIn of zcvoIng Is o nacI youv IInc of sIgI wII youv IuIIcs
va|ccovy. `oIcc In Ic aIovc uIagvan Iow Ic IInc of sIgI anu Ic va|ccovy
ncc a wo oIns. A .0 caIIIcv ,.08.o2x1, .o2xD, .o2x1v, 0.0o, IuIIcs
va|ccovy wIII cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI a 2 anu 200 Mccvs. 1Icvcfovc, onc wIII
zcvo a 2n. Oncc onc Is zcvocu a 2n, you wIII Ic on a 200n.
An A!1 Is a IIIc uIffcvcn sIncc I uscs a uIffcvcn cavvIugc ,.o
nao.22 wIncIcscv, anu Is sIgIs IcIng IIgIcv off Ic IavvcI. !s va|ccovy
causcs Ic IuIIc o cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI a n anu 00n. 1Icvcfovc, If onc Is
zcvocu a n, onc wIII Ic on a 00 nccvs. Howcvcv, a !Icnyn usIng an
A!1 sIouIu sIII zcvo a 2n. Movc on Ic A!1 Iacv.
Mos noucvn ccncv Ivc vIc IuIIc aIs cvoss Ic IInc of sIgI a 2n
anu 200n. IgI-In-IanuIc yc vIcs ,A!1, wIII zcvo a 00n. cocu vIcs
aIso zcvo a 00n.

You avc In osIIon. `ow, !!!AX! 1IIs ncans conscIousIy IInI of youv
Iouy avs. You vcIax youv suov Ianu, youv suov avn, IIcc, sIouIucv,
IacI, nccI, vIggcv Ianu, *7*-1+"#.>8 1Icn, you cIosc youv cycs. VIIIc Icy avc
cIoscu, IvcaIc In anu IvcaIc ou. Ocn youv cycs. `ow, wIcvc Is youv fvon
sIgI. !cncnIcv, DD' of Ic Inc I wIII no Ic on avgc. 1IIs Is 04'18 !f you avc
vcIaxcu anu In a saIIc osIIon, youv sIgIs avc oInIng In IcIv `auvaI !oIn
of AIn. oou 1oI.
AcuaIIy, IIs Inc, youv sIgIs avc IcIow Ic avgc anu o Ic vIgI. `o
voIIcn. You Icc youv suov cIIow Iancu as a Ivo oIn anu you sIIf
youv IIs. 1IIs Inc, you sIIf youv IIs sIIgIIy o Ic )*/+. 1IIs IvIngs youv
`!OA soncwIcvc IacI vIgI owavu Ic avgc. 1Icn, you sIIf youv IIs 2':4 a
IIIc. 1IIs wIII vaIsc youv `!OA. `ow, go IvougI Ic `!OA cs scs agaIn.
1. Iosc youv cycs
2. !cIax youv nuscIcs
. !vcaIc In, !vcaIc ou
1. Ocn youv cycs
. IIf If ncccssavy
1IIs Inc, ny fvon sIgI Is sIII IcIow anu oo fav Icf. ! nus no Iavc sIIfcu
fov cnougI cIcvaIon anu oo nucI wInuagc. o, ! sIIf ny IIs IacI a Iny II
o vaIsc ny fvon sIgI. ! sIIf ny IIs vIgI a IIIc II o IvIng ny fvon sIgI
IacI o Ic vIgI. ! go IvougI Ic `!OA cs scs agaIn, anu InaIIy, ! an on
ny avgc. My avgc sIs |us on o of ny fvon sIgI sIncc ! an usIng Ic Ix
O IocI IoIu. ! IvcaIc In anu wacI ny fvon sIgI uI IcIow Ic avgc. !
IvcaI ou anu wacI ny sIgI vaIsc vIgI IacI o ny Ix O IocI IoIu.
A Ivs you wIII nccu o sIIf nany Incs Icfovc youv nauvaI oIn of aIn
Is on avgc. 1IIs Is oIay. Ovcv Inc anu wII vacIcc you wIII no nccu o sIIf
as nany Incs as you ucvcIo Ic sIIII. !ov now, Ic aIcn anu I8 281 =W1
=802309B You wIII onIy Ic cIcaIng youvscIf.
!3 173 =/2282 =/00:/;3 anu 6:R V08R 173 7:TB
N7X '.$6d
`auvaI !oIn of AIn In avncvsII wII a goou IcIu osIIon aIIows Ic
sIoocv o ucIIvcv vaIu, wcII aIncu Ivc. A sIoocv In a goou osIIon anu In
vuc nauvaI oIn of aIn can cny IcIv nagazInc quIcIIy anu accuvacIy a a
vac of 20 vounus cv nInuc.
18
473 M:11:2; .89:1:82
1Ic sIIng osIIon Is Ic scconu nos saIIc osIIon. ! Is uscfuI fov
sIooIng ovcv soncIIng IIIc snow, gvass ov vcgcaIon. 1Ic funuancnaI cauy
HoIu !acovs sIII IoIu vuc fov Ic sIIng osIIon. !ov IIs osIIon, usc Ic
Ioo sIIng conIguvaIon.
!Iguvc 11. IIng !osIIon, uov Iuc
!Iguvc 1. IIng !osIIon, 1vIggcv Iuc
1D
!ov now, yavus anu nccvs wIII Ic uscu IncvcIangcaIIy fov casc of cxIanaIon.
Movc vccIsc Ianguagc Is no nccucu fov !Icnyn wovI, yc. A uIsancc In
nccvs Is aIou 10' fuvIcv Ian Ic sanc nunIcv In yavus. 100 nccvs cquaIs
110 yavus.
!Iguvc 2o. Onc MInuc of AngIc
As ncnIoncu cavIIcv, Ic !Icnyns sanuavu Is 1 MOA. 1Ic !Icnyn Is
caaIIc of sIooIng 1 MOA gvous ov Iccv.
How Iavgc Is 1 MOA a 100 yavus.
Answcv: 1 IncIcs.
How IIg Is 1 MOA a 00 yavus.
Answcv: 12 IncIcs.
1IIs Is Iccausc wc Inow Ia 1 MOA 1 cv 100 yus. 1Icvcfovc, a 00
yavus, 1 MOA wIII cquaI IncIcs. Incc 1 MOA Is fouv 1 MOAs, I wIII Ic fouv
Incs as Iavgc. 1Icvcfovc, 1 MOA a 00 yavus cquaIs 12 IncIcs.
A !Icnyn Is accuvac ou o ,a Icas, 00 yavus. VIy Is IIs. 1 MOA a
00 yavus Is IncIcs. 1 MOA a 00 yavus Is ,1x, 20. 1Ic !Icnyn can II 20
IncI avgcs a 00 yavus.
VII Ic InowIcugc of MInuc of AngIc wc can IcgIn o zcvo youv vIc.
o
473 M:11:2; .89:1:82
1Ic sIIng osIIon Is Ic scconu nos saIIc osIIon. ! Is uscfuI fov
sIooIng ovcv soncIIng IIIc snow, gvass ov vcgcaIon. 1Ic funuancnaI cauy
HoIu !acovs sIII IoIu vuc fov Ic sIIng osIIon. !ov IIs osIIon, usc Ic
Ioo sIIng conIguvaIon.
!Iguvc 11. IIng !osIIon, uov Iuc
!Iguvc 1. IIng !osIIon, 1vIggcv Iuc
1D
!ov now, yavus anu nccvs wIII Ic uscu IncvcIangcaIIy fov casc of cxIanaIon.
Movc vccIsc Ianguagc Is no nccucu fov !Icnyn wovI, yc. A uIsancc In
nccvs Is aIou 10' fuvIcv Ian Ic sanc nunIcv In yavus. 100 nccvs cquaIs
110 yavus.
!Iguvc 2o. Onc MInuc of AngIc
As ncnIoncu cavIIcv, Ic !Icnyns sanuavu Is 1 MOA. 1Ic !Icnyn Is
caaIIc of sIooIng 1 MOA gvous ov Iccv.
How Iavgc Is 1 MOA a 100 yavus.
Answcv: 1 IncIcs.
How IIg Is 1 MOA a 00 yavus.
Answcv: 12 IncIcs.
1IIs Is Iccausc wc Inow Ia 1 MOA 1 cv 100 yus. 1Icvcfovc, a 00
yavus, 1 MOA wIII cquaI IncIcs. Incc 1 MOA Is fouv 1 MOAs, I wIII Ic fouv
Incs as Iavgc. 1Icvcfovc, 1 MOA a 00 yavus cquaIs 12 IncIcs.
A !Icnyn Is accuvac ou o ,a Icas, 00 yavus. VIy Is IIs. 1 MOA a
00 yavus Is IncIcs. 1 MOA a 00 yavus Is ,1x, 20. 1Ic !Icnyn can II 20
IncI avgcs a 00 yavus.
VII Ic InowIcugc of MInuc of AngIc wc can IcgIn o zcvo youv vIc.
o
./01 &&&
#$'#".4M
%:2W13 8V 62;>3
cfovc you can zcvo youv vIc, you nus Inow a unI of ncasuvcncn Iy
wIIcI o au|us youv sIgIs. 1yIcaIIy, AncvIcans ncasuvc uIsanccs In
IncIcs anu yavus. Youv vIcs sanuavu unI of ncasuvcncn Is Inown as
a MInuc of AngIc ,MOA,.
!
A II of gconcvy.
A cIvcIc Is uIvIucu Ino o0 ucgvccs. A MInuc of AngIc Is 1o0I of a
ucgvcc. !nagInc an angIc IcavIng Ic IavvcI of youv vIc owavus InInIy. 1Ic
ovIgInaIng oIn Is Ic nuzzIc of youv vIc anu cxcnus uownvangc, wIucnIng a
a consan vac. 1Ic vcason !Icnyn usc MInucs of AngIc Is Iccausc Icy
aIways vcnaIn consan, gIvIng Ic !Icnyn a Ianguagc Ia connunIcacs
uIsanccs vcIcvan o Ic avgc.
!ov now, Ics say IIs InagInavy conc scnnIng fvon youv vIc Is 1
MInuc of AngIc. 1Ic qucsIon Is, Iow IIg wIII IIs MInuc of AngIc Ic a ccvaIn
uIsanccs fvon youv vIc.
473 91/2I/0I :9@
Y ^#.6+* 0/ H.>)* #$ *I6') +0 Y #.:" &*- YMM 1'-5$8 _Y ^ZH ` YU &*- YMM 15$a
A 100 yavus, Ic 1 MOA conc wIII Ic 1 IncI wIuc. A wo Iunuvcu yavus,
Ic 1 MOA conc wIII Ic 2 IncIcs wIuc. A 00 yavus, Ic 1 MOA conc wIII Ic
IncIcs wIuc.

1Ic sIIng osIIon Is a nouIIcaIon of vonc osIIon. 1Ic IasIc cauy HoIu
!acovs avc Ic sanc. 1IIs ncans:
\B ">?8G :9 O2I30 173 *:<3
EB MWTT801 5/2I :9 *3>/K3I
FB M>:2; !37:2I MWTT801 N0:91
]B M>:2; :9 M2W;
AB M>:2; N3>> OT 82 MWTT801 60R
CB '3=` "K132I3I D4W0`3X '3=`H
JB #733` .>/213I 82 M18=` D#733` N3>IH
^B +:0R 5/2I97/`3 (0:T
LB 40:;;30 +:2;30 6:0e(/T D'81 f0/;;:2; N88IH
1Icsc cIcncns say Ic sanc In aII osIIons.
A fcw IIngs uIsInguIsI Ic sIIng osIIon.
1Ic sIoocv Is angIcu avoxInacIy 0 ucgvccs o Ic vIggcv sIuc of Ic
avgc. !cgs avc cvosscu. ">?8G9 9:1 :2 V0821 8V /2I :2 c0R =821/=1 G:17 173
`2339B !cgs avc cvosscu. ! uocs no nacv wIIcI Icg gocs ovcv Ic oIcv. 1vy
IoI. You avc IooIIng fov saIIIIy. A uccvnInIng facov aIou wIIcI Icg Is on
o Is cIcvaIon. A Io of coIc Iavc vouIIc gcIng IIs osIIon o suov a
`!OA Ia Is IIgI cnougI o Ic on avgc. 1vy swIcIIng youv Icgs. Ov, vy
IgIcnIng youv Icgs so youv fcc IoIu youv IIgIs u. onc coIc aInos sI
on IcIv fcc. OIcvs avc novc svcau ou.
Youv cIIows avc In fvon of youv Inccs. 1IIs Is o aIsovI vccoII. !f youv
cIIows avc on o of youv Inccs, cacI sIo wIII InocI youv cIIows off fovcIng
you o vcacquIvc `auvaI !oIn of AIn. !f youv osIIon Is IuII covvccIy, you
can Inu `auvaI !oIn of AIn on avgc. VIcn `!OA Is vuIy on avgc anu
youv osIIon covvccIy IuII, cacI sIos vccoII wIII vocI Ic sIoocv IacI. uc
o goou osIIon Ic sIoocv wIII vccovcv fvon Ic vccoII anu Ic sIgIs wIII
scIc IacI Ino `!OA, on avgc.
`auvaI !oIn of AIn sIII couns In Ic sIIng osIIon. ! can Ic as cxac
as Ic vonc osIIon. You Inu `!OA Ic sanc way, foIIowIng Ic sanc scs.
1. Iosc youv cycs
2. !cIax youv nuscIcs
20
./01 &&&
#$'#".4M
%:2W13 8V 62;>3
cfovc you can zcvo youv vIc, you nus Inow a unI of ncasuvcncn Iy
wIIcI o au|us youv sIgIs. 1yIcaIIy, AncvIcans ncasuvc uIsanccs In
IncIcs anu yavus. Youv vIcs sanuavu unI of ncasuvcncn Is Inown as
a MInuc of AngIc ,MOA,.
!
A II of gconcvy.
A cIvcIc Is uIvIucu Ino o0 ucgvccs. A MInuc of AngIc Is 1o0I of a
ucgvcc. !nagInc an angIc IcavIng Ic IavvcI of youv vIc owavus InInIy. 1Ic
ovIgInaIng oIn Is Ic nuzzIc of youv vIc anu cxcnus uownvangc, wIucnIng a
a consan vac. 1Ic vcason !Icnyn usc MInucs of AngIc Is Iccausc Icy
aIways vcnaIn consan, gIvIng Ic !Icnyn a Ianguagc Ia connunIcacs
uIsanccs vcIcvan o Ic avgc.
!ov now, Ics say IIs InagInavy conc scnnIng fvon youv vIc Is 1
MInuc of AngIc. 1Ic qucsIon Is, Iow IIg wIII IIs MInuc of AngIc Ic a ccvaIn
uIsanccs fvon youv vIc.
473 91/2I/0I :9@
Y ^#.6+* 0/ H.>)* #$ *I6') +0 Y #.:" &*- YMM 1'-5$8 _Y ^ZH ` YU &*- YMM 15$a
A 100 yavus, Ic 1 MOA conc wIII Ic 1 IncI wIuc. A wo Iunuvcu yavus,
Ic 1 MOA conc wIII Ic 2 IncIcs wIuc. A 00 yavus, Ic 1 MOA conc wIII Ic
IncIcs wIuc.

1Ic sIIng osIIon Is a nouIIcaIon of vonc osIIon. 1Ic IasIc cauy HoIu
!acovs avc Ic sanc. 1IIs ncans:
\B ">?8G :9 O2I30 173 *:<3
EB MWTT801 5/2I :9 *3>/K3I
FB M>:2; !37:2I MWTT801 N0:91
]B M>:2; :9 M2W;
AB M>:2; N3>> OT 82 MWTT801 60R
CB '3=` "K132I3I D4W0`3X '3=`H
JB #733` .>/213I 82 M18=` D#733` N3>IH
^B +:0R 5/2I97/`3 (0:T
LB 40:;;30 +:2;30 6:0e(/T D'81 f0/;;:2; N88IH
1Icsc cIcncns say Ic sanc In aII osIIons.
A fcw IIngs uIsInguIsI Ic sIIng osIIon.
1Ic sIoocv Is angIcu avoxInacIy 0 ucgvccs o Ic vIggcv sIuc of Ic
avgc. !cgs avc cvosscu. ">?8G9 9:1 :2 V0821 8V /2I :2 c0R =821/=1 G:17 173
`2339B !cgs avc cvosscu. ! uocs no nacv wIIcI Icg gocs ovcv Ic oIcv. 1vy
IoI. You avc IooIIng fov saIIIIy. A uccvnInIng facov aIou wIIcI Icg Is on
o Is cIcvaIon. A Io of coIc Iavc vouIIc gcIng IIs osIIon o suov a
`!OA Ia Is IIgI cnougI o Ic on avgc. 1vy swIcIIng youv Icgs. Ov, vy
IgIcnIng youv Icgs so youv fcc IoIu youv IIgIs u. onc coIc aInos sI
on IcIv fcc. OIcvs avc novc svcau ou.
Youv cIIows avc In fvon of youv Inccs. 1IIs Is o aIsovI vccoII. !f youv
cIIows avc on o of youv Inccs, cacI sIo wIII InocI youv cIIows off fovcIng
you o vcacquIvc `auvaI !oIn of AIn. !f youv osIIon Is IuII covvccIy, you
can Inu `auvaI !oIn of AIn on avgc. VIcn `!OA Is vuIy on avgc anu
youv osIIon covvccIy IuII, cacI sIos vccoII wIII vocI Ic sIoocv IacI. uc
o goou osIIon Ic sIoocv wIII vccovcv fvon Ic vccoII anu Ic sIgIs wIII
scIc IacI Ino `!OA, on avgc.
`auvaI !oIn of AIn sIII couns In Ic sIIng osIIon. ! can Ic as cxac
as Ic vonc osIIon. You Inu `!OA Ic sanc way, foIIowIng Ic sanc scs.
1. Iosc youv cycs
2. !cIax youv nuscIcs
20
. !vcaIc In, !vcaIc ou
1. Ocn youv cycs
. IIf If ncccssavy
IIfIng Is a IIIc uIffcvcn In Ic sIIng osIIon as ooscu o vonc.
1Icvc Is sIII a Ivo oIn. ! Is csscnIaIIy Ic Ioon anIIc of youv cvosscu
Icgs. IIf avounu IIs oIn. 1o gaIn cIcvaIon, IvIng youv Iu cIoscv o youv
anIIcs ov IvIng youv Inccs cIoscv. 1o Iosc cIcvaIon, Iooscn u. VInuagc ,Icf
anu vIgI, au|usncns avc nauc Iy scooIng youv Iu Icf ov vIgI. !vcvyIIng
cIsc In youv osIIon says u anu saIIc. AIn Iy scooIng.
1IIs osIIon Is uIfIcuI a Ivs. IcI wII I, svccI youv Iouy, anu
vacIcc o gc I vIgI. ! wIII cvcnuaIIy wovI.
':23 M13T9 18 +:0:2; 173 M781
1Icvc avc `Inc cs o !IvIng Ic Io. VIIIc IcavnIng, onc sIouIu go
IvougI cacI sc conscIousIy unII I Icconcs nauvaI. !cvIas wIcn you avc
IcavnIng, wvIc Icsc uown on Ic vIggcv sIuc avn of sIooIng |acIc so you can
scc Icsc wIIIc In osIIon anu uIng Icn Ino acIon. !acI sIo sIouIu Ic
Ivcu wII aII of Ic nInc scs cvfovncu covvccIy.
':23 M13T9 18 +:0:2; 173 M781@
\B M:;71 6>:;2R321
EB M:;71 .:=1W03
FB *39T:0/180X ./W93
]B +8=W9 -8W0 "X3 82 173 +0821 M:;71
AB +8=W9 -8W0 %:2I 82 P33T:2; 173 +0821 M:;71 82 4/0;31
CB 40:;;30 MgW33h3
JB +8>>8G 4708W;7
^B #/>> 173 M781
D. 1vIggcv !csc
1. IgI AIIgnncn
1Ic Ivs sc o IvIng a sIo Is Inown as sIgI aIIgnncn. 1IIs Is wIcvc
onc sInIy IIncs u Ic vcav anu fvon sIgIs In Ic covvcc way. !ov cc sIgIs,
21
Youv fvon sIgI wIII woIIIc ovcv Ic avgc sIncc IIs osIIon Is no as
saIIc. !cavn o cnIvacc Ic woIIIc Iy IccIng consan vcssuvc on Ic
vIggcv anu squcczIng off InaI II wIcn youv sIgI asscs ovcv Ic avgc.
*:<3RX2i9 #/I32=3
1Ic !Icnyn Is caaIIc of ucIIvcvIng vaIu, wcII aIncu Ivc. 1IIs Is
acconIIsIcu IvougI goou osIIon, nauvaI oIn of aIn, Ic `Inc cs o
!IvIng Ic Io, anu :'5*.:*8 aucncc Is Ic !Icnyns vIyIn, ucIIvcvIng a
wcII aIncu sIo avoxInacIy cvcvy Ivcc scconus. Oncc In osIIon anu wIcn
`!OA Is on avgc, Ic !Icnyn wIII vIuc Ic vccoII anu usc caucncc o Iacc aII
IcIv sIos In Ic sanc Iacc.
1o Ivc In caucncc, a !Icnyn gcs Ino a soIIu osIIon. 1Ic !Icnyn
cycIcs IvougI Ic `Inc cs o !IvIng Ic Io, aIIng Inc a sc Ivcc o
Inu IcIv `auvaI !oIn of AIn. aucncc Is Ic Inc I aIcs fov a !Icnyn o go
IvougI aII Ic D scs o IvIng Ic sIo.
! sccns IIIc a Io, Iu If In `!OA, nany of Ic scs uo no nccu
acnIon wIcn IvIng a svIng of sIos. !ov cxanIc, Ic sIoocv Is In `!OA,
Ic sIoocv Is focusIng IcIv cyc, IcIv nInu, squcczIng anu !A`! 1Ic sIoocv
IvcaIcs In, IvcaIcs ou, !A`!, IvcaIcs In, IvcaIcs ou, !A`! 1Iosc sIos
wcvc Ivcu In caucncc. VIcn IvIng In caucncc, Ic awavc Ia IouIcs soncIncs
cnsc u afcv sIos, csccIaIIy Ic suov Ianu. 1IIs wIII Ivow off youv
`!OA anu affcc youv sIgI Icuvc. ay vcIaxcu Icwccn sIos.
1Ic oIn of caucncc Is o fovcc Ic sIoocv o vus IcIv `auvaI !oIn of
AIn, aIIowIng IcIv osIIon o vcscIc Ic sIgIs afcv cacI sIo on avgc. AII
Ic sIoocv Ias o uo Icn Is IvcaIc anu squcczc ,Ic vIggcv,. AIso, caucncc
wIII IcI Ic sIoocv o no fuss Ic sIo. A sIoocv fusscs Ic sIo wIcn Icy
aIc oo Iong o Ivc Ic sIo Iccausc Icy uo no Iavc `!OA anu avc usIng
nuscIcs o aIn.
1
. !vcaIc In, !vcaIc ou
1. Ocn youv cycs
. IIf If ncccssavy
IIfIng Is a IIIc uIffcvcn In Ic sIIng osIIon as ooscu o vonc.
1Icvc Is sIII a Ivo oIn. ! Is csscnIaIIy Ic Ioon anIIc of youv cvosscu
Icgs. IIf avounu IIs oIn. 1o gaIn cIcvaIon, IvIng youv Iu cIoscv o youv
anIIcs ov IvIng youv Inccs cIoscv. 1o Iosc cIcvaIon, Iooscn u. VInuagc ,Icf
anu vIgI, au|usncns avc nauc Iy scooIng youv Iu Icf ov vIgI. !vcvyIIng
cIsc In youv osIIon says u anu saIIc. AIn Iy scooIng.
1IIs osIIon Is uIfIcuI a Ivs. IcI wII I, svccI youv Iouy, anu
vacIcc o gc I vIgI. ! wIII cvcnuaIIy wovI.
':23 M13T9 18 +:0:2; 173 M781
1Icvc avc `Inc cs o !IvIng Ic Io. VIIIc IcavnIng, onc sIouIu go
IvougI cacI sc conscIousIy unII I Icconcs nauvaI. !cvIas wIcn you avc
IcavnIng, wvIc Icsc uown on Ic vIggcv sIuc avn of sIooIng |acIc so you can
scc Icsc wIIIc In osIIon anu uIng Icn Ino acIon. !acI sIo sIouIu Ic
Ivcu wII aII of Ic nInc scs cvfovncu covvccIy.
':23 M13T9 18 +:0:2; 173 M781@
\B M:;71 6>:;2R321
EB M:;71 .:=1W03
FB *39T:0/180X ./W93
]B +8=W9 -8W0 "X3 82 173 +0821 M:;71
AB +8=W9 -8W0 %:2I 82 P33T:2; 173 +0821 M:;71 82 4/0;31
CB 40:;;30 MgW33h3
JB +8>>8G 4708W;7
^B #/>> 173 M781
D. 1vIggcv !csc
1. IgI AIIgnncn
1Ic Ivs sc o IvIng a sIo Is Inown as sIgI aIIgnncn. 1IIs Is wIcvc
onc sInIy IIncs u Ic vcav anu fvon sIgIs In Ic covvcc way. !ov cc sIgIs,
21
Youv fvon sIgI wIII woIIIc ovcv Ic avgc sIncc IIs osIIon Is no as
saIIc. !cavn o cnIvacc Ic woIIIc Iy IccIng consan vcssuvc on Ic
vIggcv anu squcczIng off InaI II wIcn youv sIgI asscs ovcv Ic avgc.
*:<3RX2i9 #/I32=3
1Ic !Icnyn Is caaIIc of ucIIvcvIng vaIu, wcII aIncu Ivc. 1IIs Is
acconIIsIcu IvougI goou osIIon, nauvaI oIn of aIn, Ic `Inc cs o
!IvIng Ic Io, anu :'5*.:*8 aucncc Is Ic !Icnyns vIyIn, ucIIvcvIng a
wcII aIncu sIo avoxInacIy cvcvy Ivcc scconus. Oncc In osIIon anu wIcn
`!OA Is on avgc, Ic !Icnyn wIII vIuc Ic vccoII anu usc caucncc o Iacc aII
IcIv sIos In Ic sanc Iacc.
1o Ivc In caucncc, a !Icnyn gcs Ino a soIIu osIIon. 1Ic !Icnyn
cycIcs IvougI Ic `Inc cs o !IvIng Ic Io, aIIng Inc a sc Ivcc o
Inu IcIv `auvaI !oIn of AIn. aucncc Is Ic Inc I aIcs fov a !Icnyn o go
IvougI aII Ic D scs o IvIng Ic sIo.
! sccns IIIc a Io, Iu If In `!OA, nany of Ic scs uo no nccu
acnIon wIcn IvIng a svIng of sIos. !ov cxanIc, Ic sIoocv Is In `!OA,
Ic sIoocv Is focusIng IcIv cyc, IcIv nInu, squcczIng anu !A`! 1Ic sIoocv
IvcaIcs In, IvcaIcs ou, !A`!, IvcaIcs In, IvcaIcs ou, !A`! 1Iosc sIos
wcvc Ivcu In caucncc. VIcn IvIng In caucncc, Ic awavc Ia IouIcs soncIncs
cnsc u afcv sIos, csccIaIIy Ic suov Ianu. 1IIs wIII Ivow off youv
`!OA anu affcc youv sIgI Icuvc. ay vcIaxcu Icwccn sIos.
1Ic oIn of caucncc Is o fovcc Ic sIoocv o vus IcIv `auvaI !oIn of
AIn, aIIowIng IcIv osIIon o vcscIc Ic sIgIs afcv cacI sIo on avgc. AII
Ic sIoocv Ias o uo Icn Is IvcaIc anu squcczc ,Ic vIggcv,. AIso, caucncc
wIII IcI Ic sIoocv o no fuss Ic sIo. A sIoocv fusscs Ic sIo wIcn Icy
aIc oo Iong o Ivc Ic sIo Iccausc Icy uo no Iavc `!OA anu avc usIng
nuscIcs o aIn.
1
!Iguvc 2. !aIsc !Ic !u !Iac Ino IouIu !ocIc
VIcn Ic vIc Is uIIcu uown anu IgI acvoss youv ovso, IvIng Ic Iu
Ino youv sIouIucv. VII youv vIggcv aIn, gvaI Ic Iu of Ic vIc anu IvIng I
Ino youv sIouIucv ocIc. ! can Ic IIgI In youv ocIc.
1Ic sIgIs sIouIu Ic IcvcI wII youv cyc. o no IvIng youv facc uown o
youv vIc, IvIng youv vIc u o youv facc ,wIIIc IccIng I In youv ocIc,. `ow,
vcacI avounu wII youv vIggcv Ianu anu gvaI Ic IsoI gvI.
`auvaI !oIn of AIn sIII aIIcs In Ic sanuIng osIIon. 1o Inu, gc
sIung u anu Ino osIIon. Iosc youv cycs anu wIggIc youv vIc avounu. !c I
nauvaIIy scIc. Ocn youv cycs anu oIscvvc wIcvc you nccu o novc. Youv
fvon foo Is youv Ivo oIn. o no novc youv fvon foo. \sc Ic IacI foo o
Ivo avounu youv fvon foo. 1o gaIn cIcvaIon, novc youv IacI foo IacI. 1o
Ioosc cIcvaIon, novc youv IacI foo fovwavu. 1o au|us wInuagc, novc youv
IacI foo Icf ov vIgI.
VIcn sIooIng a Iong svIng of sIos, naIc suvc o aIc a IvcaI. Youv vIc
Is IncvIaIIy IcIng suovcu Iy sonc avn nuscIcs In Ic sanuIng osIIon.
MuscIcs gc Ivcu, so gIvc Icn a IvcaI. !vcvy -1 sIos, Iowcv youv vIc nuzzIc
o vcs youv avns. AIso, wIcn you avc IvIng, uo no fuss Ic sIo. 1aIIng I
sooncv Ian Iacv Is Ics as youv nuscIcs wIII no Ic as Ivcu.

onc nus naIc suvc Ic fvon sIgI os Is In Ic ccncv of Ic vcav acvuvc.

1Icvc sIouIu Ic Ic sanc anoun of sacc on cIIcv sIuc ,Icf ov vIgI, of Ic
fvon sIgI os wIIIc IcIng vIsuaIIy wIIIn Ic vcav acvuvc. AIso, Ic o of
Ic fvon sIgI os sIouIu Ic vcvIcaIIy In Ic nIuuIc of Ic vcav acvuvc.
1Ic cc sIgI Ias wo cononcns: 1Ic vcav sIgI anu Ic fvon sIgI.
!Iguvc 1o. !cav IgI !Iguvc 1. !von IgI
Youv vIc wIII onIy Ic accuvac If aIIgncu In vocv anu consIscn sIgI Icuvc.
!Iguvc 18. ovvcc IgI AIIgnncn
1Ic fvon sIgI os Is In Ic nIuuIc of Ic cIvcIc. 1Ic fvon sIgI wIngs
IcI onc o gagc Ic IacvaI ccncv of Ic cIvcIc. A connon nIsaIc Is o onIy
focus on IacvaI sIgI aIIgnncn. Onc nus naIc suvc o ucvcIo a consIscn
22
!Iguvc 2. !aIsc !Ic !u !Iac Ino IouIu !ocIc
VIcn Ic vIc Is uIIcu uown anu IgI acvoss youv ovso, IvIng Ic Iu
Ino youv sIouIucv. VII youv vIggcv aIn, gvaI Ic Iu of Ic vIc anu IvIng I
Ino youv sIouIucv ocIc. ! can Ic IIgI In youv ocIc.
1Ic sIgIs sIouIu Ic IcvcI wII youv cyc. o no IvIng youv facc uown o
youv vIc, IvIng youv vIc u o youv facc ,wIIIc IccIng I In youv ocIc,. `ow,
vcacI avounu wII youv vIggcv Ianu anu gvaI Ic IsoI gvI.
`auvaI !oIn of AIn sIII aIIcs In Ic sanuIng osIIon. 1o Inu, gc
sIung u anu Ino osIIon. Iosc youv cycs anu wIggIc youv vIc avounu. !c I
nauvaIIy scIc. Ocn youv cycs anu oIscvvc wIcvc you nccu o novc. Youv
fvon foo Is youv Ivo oIn. o no novc youv fvon foo. \sc Ic IacI foo o
Ivo avounu youv fvon foo. 1o gaIn cIcvaIon, novc youv IacI foo IacI. 1o
Ioosc cIcvaIon, novc youv IacI foo fovwavu. 1o au|us wInuagc, novc youv
IacI foo Icf ov vIgI.
VIcn sIooIng a Iong svIng of sIos, naIc suvc o aIc a IvcaI. Youv vIc
Is IncvIaIIy IcIng suovcu Iy sonc avn nuscIcs In Ic sanuIng osIIon.
MuscIcs gc Ivcu, so gIvc Icn a IvcaI. !vcvy -1 sIos, Iowcv youv vIc nuzzIc
o vcs youv avns. AIso, wIcn you avc IvIng, uo no fuss Ic sIo. 1aIIng I
sooncv Ian Iacv Is Ics as youv nuscIcs wIII no Ic as Ivcu.

onc nus naIc suvc Ic fvon sIgI os Is In Ic ccncv of Ic vcav acvuvc.

1Icvc sIouIu Ic Ic sanc anoun of sacc on cIIcv sIuc ,Icf ov vIgI, of Ic
fvon sIgI os wIIIc IcIng vIsuaIIy wIIIn Ic vcav acvuvc. AIso, Ic o of
Ic fvon sIgI os sIouIu Ic vcvIcaIIy In Ic nIuuIc of Ic vcav acvuvc.
1Ic cc sIgI Ias wo cononcns: 1Ic vcav sIgI anu Ic fvon sIgI.
!Iguvc 1o. !cav IgI !Iguvc 1. !von IgI
Youv vIc wIII onIy Ic accuvac If aIIgncu In vocv anu consIscn sIgI Icuvc.
!Iguvc 18. ovvcc IgI AIIgnncn
1Ic fvon sIgI os Is In Ic nIuuIc of Ic cIvcIc. 1Ic fvon sIgI wIngs
IcI onc o gagc Ic IacvaI ccncv of Ic cIvcIc. A connon nIsaIc Is o onIy
focus on IacvaI sIgI aIIgnncn. Onc nus naIc suvc o ucvcIo a consIscn
22
vcvIcaI sIgI aIIgnncn as wcII. !vocv IccI VcIu anu 1uvIcy `ccI IcI wII
consIscn vcvIcaI sIgI aIIgnncn Iy soIIuIfyIng youv facc In a consan
osIIon. MaIc suvc Ic fvon sIgI os Is In Ic sanc osIIon In vcIaIonsII
o youv vcav sIgI acvuvc. !f no, you wIII no Ic consIscnIy accuvac.
VIIIc Ic cc sIgI Is Ic nos connon sIgI fov Ic !Icnyn, oIcv
sIgI oIons cxIs. 1Ic scoc Is a connon sIgI fov Ic vIc. !vocv sIgI
aIIgnncn Is acconIIsIcu wIcn Ic cnIvc cIvcIc of Ic gIass Is IvIgI anu
vIsIIIc. !f Icvc avc uavI vcgIons avounu Ic cvoss IaIvs, IIs Is Invocv sIgI
aIIgnncn. Movc youv facc.
Onc nay Iavc o nouIfy IcIv vIc o acquIvc vocv sIgI aIIgnncn. Onc
nay nccu o IuIIu u IcIv socI, vaIsIng IcIv cIccI wcIu, o vaIsc IcIv cycs o
IcIv sIgIs. o no Ic afvaIu of uuc ac anu vanuon nacvIaIs. A vaIscu socI
can Ic nauc wII vags anu uuc ac.
EB M:;71 .:=1W03
IgI !Icuvc Is Ic acconIIsIcu Iy IvIngIng Ic vocv IgI AIIgnncn
on avgc. 1Icvc avc wo naIn sIgI Icuvcs.
!Iguvc 1D. Ix O IocI HoIu
2
!Iguvc 21. vas !Ic anu !uII I own acvoss 1ovso
VII youv vIggcv Ianu gvIIng Ic vIc, usI u. 1IIs wIII IvIng Ic
Ioon sIIng swIvcI Ino youv avnI. VIIou novIng Ic vIc, IvIng youv
suov Ianu u anu wva I IcIInu Ic sIIng ,IIIc In vonc osIIon,. 1Ic sIIng
wIII ass IcIInu Ic suov wvIs.
!cc IoI of youv Ianus gvIIng Ic vIc. `ow uII Ic vIc uown,
IvIngIng Ic socI of Ic vIc In fvon of youv ovso. 1IIs wIII IgIcn u Ic
sIIng.
2
vcvIcaI sIgI aIIgnncn as wcII. !vocv IccI VcIu anu 1uvIcy `ccI IcI wII
consIscn vcvIcaI sIgI aIIgnncn Iy soIIuIfyIng youv facc In a consan
osIIon. MaIc suvc Ic fvon sIgI os Is In Ic sanc osIIon In vcIaIonsII
o youv vcav sIgI acvuvc. !f no, you wIII no Ic consIscnIy accuvac.
VIIIc Ic cc sIgI Is Ic nos connon sIgI fov Ic !Icnyn, oIcv
sIgI oIons cxIs. 1Ic scoc Is a connon sIgI fov Ic vIc. !vocv sIgI
aIIgnncn Is acconIIsIcu wIcn Ic cnIvc cIvcIc of Ic gIass Is IvIgI anu
vIsIIIc. !f Icvc avc uavI vcgIons avounu Ic cvoss IaIvs, IIs Is Invocv sIgI
aIIgnncn. Movc youv facc.
Onc nay Iavc o nouIfy IcIv vIc o acquIvc vocv sIgI aIIgnncn. Onc
nay nccu o IuIIu u IcIv socI, vaIsIng IcIv cIccI wcIu, o vaIsc IcIv cycs o
IcIv sIgIs. o no Ic afvaIu of uuc ac anu vanuon nacvIaIs. A vaIscu socI
can Ic nauc wII vags anu uuc ac.
EB M:;71 .:=1W03
IgI !Icuvc Is Ic acconIIsIcu Iy IvIngIng Ic vocv IgI AIIgnncn
on avgc. 1Icvc avc wo naIn sIgI Icuvcs.
!Iguvc 1D. Ix O IocI HoIu
2
!Iguvc 21. vas !Ic anu !uII I own acvoss 1ovso
VII youv vIggcv Ianu gvIIng Ic vIc, usI u. 1IIs wIII IvIng Ic
Ioon sIIng swIvcI Ino youv avnI. VIIou novIng Ic vIc, IvIng youv
suov Ianu u anu wva I IcIInu Ic sIIng ,IIIc In vonc osIIon,. 1Ic sIIng
wIII ass IcIInu Ic suov wvIs.
!cc IoI of youv Ianus gvIIng Ic vIc. `ow uII Ic vIc uown,
IvIngIng Ic socI of Ic vIc In fvon of youv ovso. 1IIs wIII IgIcn u Ic
sIIng.
2
!Iguvc 2. !uII IIng Ino AvnI
HoIu youv vIc wII youv vIggcv Ianu. !xcnu youv suov avn ou a a
D0 ucgvcc angIc fvon youv Iouy. !u youv suov avn IvougI Ic sIIng anu
wovI I Ino youv avnI.
1
!Iguvc 20. cncv of Mass HoIu
!acI sIgI Icuvc Ias vacIcaI uscs. 1Ic ccncv of nass IoIu Is gcncvaIIy
uscu fov cIoscv uIsanccs ,u o 200 yavus,. 1IIs Is Iccausc Ic avgc Is IIg
cnougI o no Ic oIscuvcu Iy Ic fvon sIgI. AIso, IIs Ias a Io o uo wII
va|ccovy ,Ic IuIIcs IgI aI,, wIIcI wIII Ic covcvcu Iacv. cocs wIII
aIways usc Ic ccncv of nass IoIu sIncc Ic cvoss IaIvs navI cxacIy wIcvc Ic
IuIIc wIII go.
1Ic Ix O IocI sIgI Icuvc us Ic avgc on o of Ic fvon sIgI
os. !ov IIs vcason, I Is ofcn Inown as unIIn on Ic os. 1Ic naIn
auvanagc of Ic Ix O IocI IoIu Is vIsIIIIIy of avgcs a fav uIsanccs. VIcn
a avgc acavs snaII, I Is Ics o usc a Ix O IocI IoIu so Ia Ic avgc Is
no covcvcu u Iy Ic fvon sIgI os.
!ov nos !Icnyn-yc sIuaIons, Ic Ix O IocIunIIn on Ic os
sIgI Icuvc Is vcfcvaIIc. onsIscncy Is Icy o accuvacy. Oncc a vIc Is zcvocu
,sIgIcu In, fov a ccvaIn sIgI Icuvc, onc nus aIways usc I fov uIsanccs cquaI
o ov fuvIcv Ian IcIv zcvoIng uIsancc.
FB *39T:0/180X ./W93
!n vocv osIIon, you wIII noIcc Ia IvcaIIng affccs youv sIgIs. VII
cacI IvcaI, youv sIgIs wIII novc vcvIcaIIy. VIcn you InIaIc, youv uIaIvagn
usIcs off Ic gvounu, vaIsIng youv sIouIucv anu IowcvIng youv fvon sIgI.
21
!Iguvc 2. !uII IIng Ino AvnI
HoIu youv vIc wII youv vIggcv Ianu. !xcnu youv suov avn ou a a
D0 ucgvcc angIc fvon youv Iouy. !u youv suov avn IvougI Ic sIIng anu
wovI I Ino youv avnI.
1
!Iguvc 20. cncv of Mass HoIu
!acI sIgI Icuvc Ias vacIcaI uscs. 1Ic ccncv of nass IoIu Is gcncvaIIy
uscu fov cIoscv uIsanccs ,u o 200 yavus,. 1IIs Is Iccausc Ic avgc Is IIg
cnougI o no Ic oIscuvcu Iy Ic fvon sIgI. AIso, IIs Ias a Io o uo wII
va|ccovy ,Ic IuIIcs IgI aI,, wIIcI wIII Ic covcvcu Iacv. cocs wIII
aIways usc Ic ccncv of nass IoIu sIncc Ic cvoss IaIvs navI cxacIy wIcvc Ic
IuIIc wIII go.
1Ic Ix O IocI sIgI Icuvc us Ic avgc on o of Ic fvon sIgI
os. !ov IIs vcason, I Is ofcn Inown as unIIn on Ic os. 1Ic naIn
auvanagc of Ic Ix O IocI IoIu Is vIsIIIIIy of avgcs a fav uIsanccs. VIcn
a avgc acavs snaII, I Is Ics o usc a Ix O IocI IoIu so Ia Ic avgc Is
no covcvcu u Iy Ic fvon sIgI os.
!ov nos !Icnyn-yc sIuaIons, Ic Ix O IocIunIIn on Ic os
sIgI Icuvc Is vcfcvaIIc. onsIscncy Is Icy o accuvacy. Oncc a vIc Is zcvocu
,sIgIcu In, fov a ccvaIn sIgI Icuvc, onc nus aIways usc I fov uIsanccs cquaI
o ov fuvIcv Ian IcIv zcvoIng uIsancc.
FB *39T:0/180X ./W93
!n vocv osIIon, you wIII noIcc Ia IvcaIIng affccs youv sIgIs. VII
cacI IvcaI, youv sIgIs wIII novc vcvIcaIIy. VIcn you InIaIc, youv uIaIvagn
usIcs off Ic gvounu, vaIsIng youv sIouIucv anu IowcvIng youv fvon sIgI.
21
VIcn you cxIaIc, Ic uIaIvagn cnIcs anu youv fvon sIgI vaIscs o wIcvc I
vcss nauvaIIy.
You wan o Ivc Ic sIo wIcn you Iavc cxIaIcu. 1IIs Is fov scvcvaI
vcasons. !Ivs, I Is a consIscn Iacc as oncc you Iavc cxIaIcu, Icvc Is no novc
aIv o vaIsc ov Iowcv Ic fvon sIgI. AIso, IoIuIng an InIaIcu IvcaI vcquIvcs
nuscIc. Incc Ic usc of nuscIc Is convavy o IvIng a goou sIo, Ic cxIaIcu
sac of IvcaI Is vcfcvvcu.
H+ +"#$ &0#.+C +"* $"00+*- ,#)) ':I6#-* N'+6-') 90#.+ 0/ H#(C 6$#.> +"* +*:".#I6* +"'+
,'$ 5#$:6$$*5 *'-)#*-8
]B +8=W9 -8W0 "X3 82 173 +0821 M:;71
VIcn aInIng, Icvc avc Ivcc IIngs youv cyc can ocnIaIIy focus on.
1. 1Ic avgc
2. 1Ic fvon sIgI
. 1Ic vcav sIgI
Youv cyc can onIy focus on onc IIng. ! sIouIu focus on Ic fvon sIgI.
1Ic fvon sIgI sIouIu acav cvIs anu cIcav wIIIc Ic avgc IIuvvy, anu Ic
vcav sIgI IavuIy noIccu. !y now youv uo no nccu o scc Ic avgc. You
sIouIu Iavc founu youv `!OA on avgc uuvIng sc Ivcc.
Onc nus focus IcIv cyc on Ic fvon sIgI as IIs Is wIa uccvnIncs
wIcvc Ic IuIIc wIII acuaIIy cnu u. 1Ic sIoocv Is aInIng Ic vIc, no Ic
avgc. 1Icvcfovc, focus youv cyc on Ic fvon sIgI.
AB +8=W9 -8W0 %:2I 82 P33T:2; 173 +0821 M:;71 82 4/0;31
!IvIng a vIc Is vcquIvcs Ic acnIon of youv wIoIc IcIng. !IIc youv Iouy,
youv nInu Ias a sccIIc |oI. 1IIs sc vcquIvcs Ia Ic sIoocv focus IcIv
nInu on IccIng Ic fvon sIgI on avgc. 1IIs ncans Ia Ic sIoocv sIouIu
IInI onIy aIou IccIng Ic fvon sIgI on avgc.
VIIIc Ic fvon sIgI Is vIsuaIIy focuscu uon, Ic nInu sIouIu vcca
ovcv anu ovcv fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc.
VIIIc onc Is sayIng IIs o IcnscIvcs, Icy sIouIu . . .
CB 40:;;30 MgW33h3
. . . qucczc Ic vIggcv. 1IIs uocs no ncan yanI, |cvI ov cvcn uII. !Ivn scauy
vcssuvc sIouIu Ic aIIcu o Ic vIggcv. ! sIouIu Ic squcczcu scauIIy anu
svaIgI IacI. Oncc Ic sIo Is Ivcu, IoIu Ic vIggcv IacI fov a scconu ov wo. A
2
FB M>:2; !37:2I MWTT801 N0:91
]B M>:2; :9 M2W;
AB M>:2; N3>> OT 82 MWTT801 60R
CB '3=` "K132I3I D4W0`3X '3=`H
JB #733` .>/213I 82 M18=` D#733` N3>IH
^B +:0R 5/2I97/`3 (0:T
LB 40:;;30 +:2;30 6:0e(/T D'81 f0/;;:2; N88IH
1Ic sIoocv wIII facc owavus Ic vIggcv sIuc of Ic avgc a D0 ucgvccs.
1IcIv fcc wIII Ic saccu sIouIucv wIuI aav. 1IIs osIIon caIIs fov a
uIffcvcn sIIng conIguvaIon. ! Is caIIcu Ic Hasy IIng. 1Ic Iasy sIIng Is a
conIguvaIon wIcvc IoI cnus of Ic sIIng avc conncccu o Ic vIcs sIIng
swIvcIs; Onc swIvcI on Ic Iu socI, onc u on Ic Ianu guavu of Ic vIc.
(311:2; &218 173 5/91X M>:2;
!Iguvc 22. Au|usIng IIng 1cnsIon
Au|us Ic sIIng so youv Ianu svcau IunI-I o InIy-I wIII I Icwccn Ic
sIIng anu Ic vIggcv guavu.
0
VIcn you cxIaIc, Ic uIaIvagn cnIcs anu youv fvon sIgI vaIscs o wIcvc I
vcss nauvaIIy.
You wan o Ivc Ic sIo wIcn you Iavc cxIaIcu. 1IIs Is fov scvcvaI
vcasons. !Ivs, I Is a consIscn Iacc as oncc you Iavc cxIaIcu, Icvc Is no novc
aIv o vaIsc ov Iowcv Ic fvon sIgI. AIso, IoIuIng an InIaIcu IvcaI vcquIvcs
nuscIc. Incc Ic usc of nuscIc Is convavy o IvIng a goou sIo, Ic cxIaIcu
sac of IvcaI Is vcfcvvcu.
H+ +"#$ &0#.+C +"* $"00+*- ,#)) ':I6#-* N'+6-') 90#.+ 0/ H#(C 6$#.> +"* +*:".#I6* +"'+
,'$ 5#$:6$$*5 *'-)#*-8
]B +8=W9 -8W0 "X3 82 173 +0821 M:;71
VIcn aInIng, Icvc avc Ivcc IIngs youv cyc can ocnIaIIy focus on.
1. 1Ic avgc
2. 1Ic fvon sIgI
. 1Ic vcav sIgI
Youv cyc can onIy focus on onc IIng. ! sIouIu focus on Ic fvon sIgI.
1Ic fvon sIgI sIouIu acav cvIs anu cIcav wIIIc Ic avgc IIuvvy, anu Ic
vcav sIgI IavuIy noIccu. !y now youv uo no nccu o scc Ic avgc. You
sIouIu Iavc founu youv `!OA on avgc uuvIng sc Ivcc.
Onc nus focus IcIv cyc on Ic fvon sIgI as IIs Is wIa uccvnIncs
wIcvc Ic IuIIc wIII acuaIIy cnu u. 1Ic sIoocv Is aInIng Ic vIc, no Ic
avgc. 1Icvcfovc, focus youv cyc on Ic fvon sIgI.
AB +8=W9 -8W0 %:2I 82 P33T:2; 173 +0821 M:;71 82 4/0;31
!IvIng a vIc Is vcquIvcs Ic acnIon of youv wIoIc IcIng. !IIc youv Iouy,
youv nInu Ias a sccIIc |oI. 1IIs sc vcquIvcs Ia Ic sIoocv focus IcIv
nInu on IccIng Ic fvon sIgI on avgc. 1IIs ncans Ia Ic sIoocv sIouIu
IInI onIy aIou IccIng Ic fvon sIgI on avgc.
VIIIc Ic fvon sIgI Is vIsuaIIy focuscu uon, Ic nInu sIouIu vcca
ovcv anu ovcv fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc.
VIIIc onc Is sayIng IIs o IcnscIvcs, Icy sIouIu . . .
CB 40:;;30 MgW33h3
. . . qucczc Ic vIggcv. 1IIs uocs no ncan yanI, |cvI ov cvcn uII. !Ivn scauy
vcssuvc sIouIu Ic aIIcu o Ic vIggcv. ! sIouIu Ic squcczcu scauIIy anu
svaIgI IacI. Oncc Ic sIo Is Ivcu, IoIu Ic vIggcv IacI fov a scconu ov wo. A
2
FB M>:2; !37:2I MWTT801 N0:91
]B M>:2; :9 M2W;
AB M>:2; N3>> OT 82 MWTT801 60R
CB '3=` "K132I3I D4W0`3X '3=`H
JB #733` .>/213I 82 M18=` D#733` N3>IH
^B +:0R 5/2I97/`3 (0:T
LB 40:;;30 +:2;30 6:0e(/T D'81 f0/;;:2; N88IH
1Ic sIoocv wIII facc owavus Ic vIggcv sIuc of Ic avgc a D0 ucgvccs.
1IcIv fcc wIII Ic saccu sIouIucv wIuI aav. 1IIs osIIon caIIs fov a
uIffcvcn sIIng conIguvaIon. ! Is caIIcu Ic Hasy IIng. 1Ic Iasy sIIng Is a
conIguvaIon wIcvc IoI cnus of Ic sIIng avc conncccu o Ic vIcs sIIng
swIvcIs; Onc swIvcI on Ic Iu socI, onc u on Ic Ianu guavu of Ic vIc.
(311:2; &218 173 5/91X M>:2;
!Iguvc 22. Au|usIng IIng 1cnsIon
Au|us Ic sIIng so youv Ianu svcau IunI-I o InIy-I wIII I Icwccn Ic
sIIng anu Ic vIggcv guavu.
0
473 M1/2I:2; .89:1:82
!Iguvc 21. anuIng !osIIon, 1vIggcv Iuc
1Ic sanuIng osIIon Is Ic Icas saIIc osIIon. Howcvcv, Icvc avc
ccInIqucs o naIc I consIucvaIIy saIIc. AgaIn, unIvcvsaI cauy HoIu
!acovs IoIu vuc.
\B ">?8G :9 O2I30 173 *:<3
EB MWTT801 5/2I :9 *3>/K3I
2D
yanI, |cvI, uII, ov IcIIng youv Ingcv off Ic vIggcv oncc I Ias Iccn squcczcu
wIII Ivow youv sIos off.
JB +8>>8G 4708W;7
Afcv Ic sIo IvcaIs, Ic sIoocv nus IoIu Ic vIggcv IacI fov a
noncn. 1IIs aIIows Ic IuIIc o Icavc Ic IavvcI Icfovc any cxva novcncn
affccs Ic sIo. AIso, !oIIow 1IvougI vcquIvcs you o vIuc Ic vccoII. 1Ic
osIIons augI In IIs IooI avc IuII so wIcn a sIo gocs off, onc`s Iouy
osIIon wIII aIsovI vccoII yc say soIIu. !f youv osIIon Is IuII covvccIy anu
you avc vuIy IvIng wII youv nauvaI oIn of aIn on avgc, vccoII wIII scIc
youv sIgIs IacI on avgc. 1ccInIcaIIy, scs 8 anu D avc av of foIIow IvougI,
IougI Icy avc Inovan Inuccnucn acIons.
^B #/>> 173 M781
!ccuIacI Is Inovan o Ic !Icnyn. Onc sIouIu aIc a ncnaI
snasIo of wIcvc youv fvon sIgI was wIcn Ic sIo was Ivcu. 1IIs aIIows
you o Inow InsanIy wIcIcv ov no youv sIo was a II. !f you fvon sIgI was
on avgc wIcn Ic sIo wcn off, Icn you can caII Ic sIo goou. !f Ic fvon
sIgI was no on avgc wIcn Ic sIo wcn off, Icn you can caII Ic sIo a
nIss. Howcvcv, If you caIIcu I a nIss, Icn I Is no a wascu sIo. AIso, wacI
fov uownvangc fccuIacI, sucI as a sIasI In Ic uIv. \sc IIs InfovnaIon o
covvcc youv ncx sIo.
LB 40:;;30 *3931
Oncc Ic sIo wcn off, youv Ingcv sIouIu Iavc IcIu Ic vIggcv IacI. 1IIs
aIIows Inc fov Ic IuIIc o Icavc youv IavvcI wIIou uIsuvIancc. Afcv
conIcIng scs anu 8, sIowIy guIuc youv vIggcv fovwavu agaIn unII you fccI
a cIIcI. 1IIs cIIcI Is youv scav vcscIng. !cc youv Ingcv on Ic vIggcv,
naInaInIng sIIgI vcssuvc. o no vcnovc youv Ingcv fvon Ic vIggcv wIIIc
youv sIgIs avc on avgc.
'/00/1:Y3 8V +:0:2; / M781
! sIIng u. ! gc Ino vonc osIIon. ! cIanIcv a vounu anu vcnovc ny
safcy. ! -*)'A8 ! IncnIonaIIy IInI o nyscIf, vcIax ny fovcavn, ny Ianus, ny
sIouIucvs, (1 IacI, ny uIaIvagn. VIcn ! an vcIaxcu, ! go IvougI Ic `Inc
cs o !IvIng Ic Io.
2o
473 M1/2I:2; .89:1:82
!Iguvc 21. anuIng !osIIon, 1vIggcv Iuc
1Ic sanuIng osIIon Is Ic Icas saIIc osIIon. Howcvcv, Icvc avc
ccInIqucs o naIc I consIucvaIIy saIIc. AgaIn, unIvcvsaI cauy HoIu
!acovs IoIu vuc.
\B ">?8G :9 O2I30 173 *:<3
EB MWTT801 5/2I :9 *3>/K3I
2D
yanI, |cvI, uII, ov IcIIng youv Ingcv off Ic vIggcv oncc I Ias Iccn squcczcu
wIII Ivow youv sIos off.
JB +8>>8G 4708W;7
Afcv Ic sIo IvcaIs, Ic sIoocv nus IoIu Ic vIggcv IacI fov a
noncn. 1IIs aIIows Ic IuIIc o Icavc Ic IavvcI Icfovc any cxva novcncn
affccs Ic sIo. AIso, !oIIow 1IvougI vcquIvcs you o vIuc Ic vccoII. 1Ic
osIIons augI In IIs IooI avc IuII so wIcn a sIo gocs off, onc`s Iouy
osIIon wIII aIsovI vccoII yc say soIIu. !f youv osIIon Is IuII covvccIy anu
you avc vuIy IvIng wII youv nauvaI oIn of aIn on avgc, vccoII wIII scIc
youv sIgIs IacI on avgc. 1ccInIcaIIy, scs 8 anu D avc av of foIIow IvougI,
IougI Icy avc Inovan Inuccnucn acIons.
^B #/>> 173 M781
!ccuIacI Is Inovan o Ic !Icnyn. Onc sIouIu aIc a ncnaI
snasIo of wIcvc youv fvon sIgI was wIcn Ic sIo was Ivcu. 1IIs aIIows
you o Inow InsanIy wIcIcv ov no youv sIo was a II. !f you fvon sIgI was
on avgc wIcn Ic sIo wcn off, Icn you can caII Ic sIo goou. !f Ic fvon
sIgI was no on avgc wIcn Ic sIo wcn off, Icn you can caII Ic sIo a
nIss. Howcvcv, If you caIIcu I a nIss, Icn I Is no a wascu sIo. AIso, wacI
fov uownvangc fccuIacI, sucI as a sIasI In Ic uIv. \sc IIs InfovnaIon o
covvcc youv ncx sIo.
LB 40:;;30 *3931
Oncc Ic sIo wcn off, youv Ingcv sIouIu Iavc IcIu Ic vIggcv IacI. 1IIs
aIIows Inc fov Ic IuIIc o Icavc youv IavvcI wIIou uIsuvIancc. Afcv
conIcIng scs anu 8, sIowIy guIuc youv vIggcv fovwavu agaIn unII you fccI
a cIIcI. 1IIs cIIcI Is youv scav vcscIng. !cc youv Ingcv on Ic vIggcv,
naInaInIng sIIgI vcssuvc. o no vcnovc youv Ingcv fvon Ic vIggcv wIIIc
youv sIgIs avc on avgc.
'/00/1:Y3 8V +:0:2; / M781
! sIIng u. ! gc Ino vonc osIIon. ! cIanIcv a vounu anu vcnovc ny
safcy. ! -*)'A8 ! IncnIonaIIy IInI o nyscIf, vcIax ny fovcavn, ny Ianus, ny
sIouIucvs, (1 IacI, ny uIaIvagn. VIcn ! an vcIaxcu, ! go IvougI Ic `Inc
cs o !IvIng Ic Io.
2o
M:;71 6>:;2R321 ! naIc suvc ny fvon sIgI Is In Ic covvcc Iacc vcIaIvc
o ny vcav sIgI. ! an conscIous of ny uvIcy nccI anu cIccI wcIu, naIIng suvc
Icy avc In ny consIscn so. ! agaIn vcIax.
M:;71 .:=1W03B ! IvIng ny sIgIs ono ny avgc. ! uo IIs Iy novIng ny
IIs ,swIvcI Ic cannon cavvIagc,. 1IIs Is a gcncvaI uIvccIon novc, wc wIII Inc
unc Iacv. ! now Iacc Ic I of ny vIggcv Ingcv on Ic vIggcv. *39T:0/180X
./W93B Hcvc ! Icconc conscIous of ny IvcaIIng. ! IvcaIc In anu wacI ny
sIgIs uI IcIow Ic avgc. ! IvcaIc ou anu wacI ny sIgIs vIsc IacI
unucvncaI ny avgc ,sIncc ! an usIng a o ocIocI IoIu,.
uvIng !csIvaovy !ausc, ! cIccI ny `auvaI !oIn of AIn. ! cIosc ny
cycs. ! vcIax ny nuscIcs. ! IvcaIc In, IvcaIc ou. ! ocn ny cycs. ! asI nyscIf,
VIcvc Is ny fvon sIgI. DD' of Ic Inc I Is no on avgc. 1IIs Inc I Is
IIgI anu o Ic Icf. My suov cIIow Is Iancu. ! wIII no novc uuvIng ny
sIIfIng. ! sIIf ny IIs a Iny II Icf. 1IIs IvIngs ny fvon sIgI a IIIc o Ic
vIgI owavus Ic avgc. ! sIIf ny IIs a IIIc fovwavu. 1IIs IvIngs ny fvon
sIgI uown a IIIc, novc owavus Ic avgc.
! cIosc ny cycs. ! vcIax ny nuscIcs. ! IvcaIc In, ! IvcaIc ou. ! ocn ny
cycs. ! asI nyscIf, wIcvc Is ny fvon avgc. 1IIs Inc ! an on IovIzonaIIy.
Howcvcv, ny fvon sIgI Is covcvIng Ic avgc. ! an aInIng oo IIgI. ! sIIf ny
IIs a II fovwavu. ! vcca Ic voccss.
Iosc ny cycs, !cIax ny nuscIcs, !vcaIc !n, !vcaIc Ou, Ocn My !ycs.
! an vIgI on avgc wII ny vocv sIgI Icuvc.
A IIs oIn, ! +8=W9 RX "X3 82 173 +0821 M:;71. Incc ny `auvaI !oIn
of AIn Is on avgc, aII ! Iavc o uo Is vcnaIn In osIIon anu vcIaxcu anu ! wIII
vcnaIn on avgc. 1Icvc Is no novc nccu o focus on Ic avgc. ! focus ny cyc
on Ic fvon sIgI, naIIng Ic avgc IIuvvy anu Ic fvon sIgI IIacI anu cvIs.
Oncc ny cyc Is focuscu on Ic fvon sIgI, ! +8=W9 RX %:2I 82 P33T:2;
173 +0821 M:;71 82 4/0;31. 1IIs Is wIcvc nInu convoIs nacv. !f you ,#)) a
goou sIo, I wIII conc. ! say o nyscIf, wIIIc IccIng ny fvon sIgI vIsuaIIy In
focus, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc. Ovcv
anu ovcv agaIn. ! an cIcavIng ny nInu anu focusIng I on Ic asI.
VIIIc ! an vccaIng, fvon sIgI on avgc o nyscIf, ! MgW33h3 173
40:;;30. Oncc ny nInu Ias uccIucu o squcczc Ic vIggcv, I sIouIu no
conInuc o IInI aIou Ic ac of squcczIng. VIIIc ! an squcczIng ! conInuc
o say, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on. .
!A`! ! Iavc |us Ivcu Ic sIo. ! suvvIscu nc. oou. ! wan o Ic
suvvIscu Iy Ic sIo. !f ! an suvvIscu I Is Iccausc ny nInu Is focuscu on
2
IccIng Ic fvon sIgI on avgc. My nInu wIII no Iavc ncnaI sacc o
consIucv vccoII, Icvcfovc naIIng nc IucI ov IncI In anIcIaIon of vccoII.
+8>>8G 4708W;7B Afcv Ic sIo Is Ivcu, V "0)5 +"* +-#>>*- 2':48 !ccoII
novcs ny IavvcI avounu. Incc ! Iavc a wcII IuII osIIon anu ny sIIng Is snug
anu In usc, ny sIgIs scIc IacI on avgc. My Iouy scIcs IacI Ino Is `auvaI
!oIn of AIn.
uvIng IIs Inc, ! #/>> 173 M781. 1IIs ncans ! Icc ny cycs ocn uuvIng
Ic sIo, aIIng a ncnaI snasIo of wIcvc ny fvon sIgI was wIcn Ic sIo
wcn off. My fvon sIgI was on avgc a Ic Inc of Ic Iang so ! wIII caII Ic
sIo goou. !f, say, ! ooI a ncnaI snasIo of Ic fvon sIgI off, avgc wIcn
Ic sIo wcn off, ! wouIu caII I Iau. !f ! caIIcu Ic sIo Iu I uIu no II Ic
avgc, I Is sIII a goou sIo. ! wouIu usc Ic nIss as a IcavnIng oovunIy o
naIc Ic ncx sIo succcssfuI. `o sIo sIouIu Ic wascu.
!InaIIy, I Is Inc fov 40:;;30 *3931. Afcv Ic sIo wcn !A`, ! IcIu
Ic vIggcv IacI. Incc I wcn Iang ! vouc Ic vccoII ,foIIow IvougI, anu caIIcu
Ic sIo. `ow ! sIowIy guIuc Ic vIggcv fovwavu unII ! fccI I cIIcI. 1IIs cIIcI Is
Ic scav vcscIng. o no vcnovc youv Ingcv fvon Ic vIggcv a aII wIIIc you
avc IvIng sIos. 1IIs Is wIa naIcs goou vIggcv convoI wIIcI naIcs goou
accuvacy.
28
M:;71 6>:;2R321 ! naIc suvc ny fvon sIgI Is In Ic covvcc Iacc vcIaIvc
o ny vcav sIgI. ! an conscIous of ny uvIcy nccI anu cIccI wcIu, naIIng suvc
Icy avc In ny consIscn so. ! agaIn vcIax.
M:;71 .:=1W03B ! IvIng ny sIgIs ono ny avgc. ! uo IIs Iy novIng ny
IIs ,swIvcI Ic cannon cavvIagc,. 1IIs Is a gcncvaI uIvccIon novc, wc wIII Inc
unc Iacv. ! now Iacc Ic I of ny vIggcv Ingcv on Ic vIggcv. *39T:0/180X
./W93B Hcvc ! Icconc conscIous of ny IvcaIIng. ! IvcaIc In anu wacI ny
sIgIs uI IcIow Ic avgc. ! IvcaIc ou anu wacI ny sIgIs vIsc IacI
unucvncaI ny avgc ,sIncc ! an usIng a o ocIocI IoIu,.
uvIng !csIvaovy !ausc, ! cIccI ny `auvaI !oIn of AIn. ! cIosc ny
cycs. ! vcIax ny nuscIcs. ! IvcaIc In, IvcaIc ou. ! ocn ny cycs. ! asI nyscIf,
VIcvc Is ny fvon sIgI. DD' of Ic Inc I Is no on avgc. 1IIs Inc I Is
IIgI anu o Ic Icf. My suov cIIow Is Iancu. ! wIII no novc uuvIng ny
sIIfIng. ! sIIf ny IIs a Iny II Icf. 1IIs IvIngs ny fvon sIgI a IIIc o Ic
vIgI owavus Ic avgc. ! sIIf ny IIs a IIIc fovwavu. 1IIs IvIngs ny fvon
sIgI uown a IIIc, novc owavus Ic avgc.
! cIosc ny cycs. ! vcIax ny nuscIcs. ! IvcaIc In, ! IvcaIc ou. ! ocn ny
cycs. ! asI nyscIf, wIcvc Is ny fvon avgc. 1IIs Inc ! an on IovIzonaIIy.
Howcvcv, ny fvon sIgI Is covcvIng Ic avgc. ! an aInIng oo IIgI. ! sIIf ny
IIs a II fovwavu. ! vcca Ic voccss.
Iosc ny cycs, !cIax ny nuscIcs, !vcaIc !n, !vcaIc Ou, Ocn My !ycs.
! an vIgI on avgc wII ny vocv sIgI Icuvc.
A IIs oIn, ! +8=W9 RX "X3 82 173 +0821 M:;71. Incc ny `auvaI !oIn
of AIn Is on avgc, aII ! Iavc o uo Is vcnaIn In osIIon anu vcIaxcu anu ! wIII
vcnaIn on avgc. 1Icvc Is no novc nccu o focus on Ic avgc. ! focus ny cyc
on Ic fvon sIgI, naIIng Ic avgc IIuvvy anu Ic fvon sIgI IIacI anu cvIs.
Oncc ny cyc Is focuscu on Ic fvon sIgI, ! +8=W9 RX %:2I 82 P33T:2;
173 +0821 M:;71 82 4/0;31. 1IIs Is wIcvc nInu convoIs nacv. !f you ,#)) a
goou sIo, I wIII conc. ! say o nyscIf, wIIIc IccIng ny fvon sIgI vIsuaIIy In
focus, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc. Ovcv
anu ovcv agaIn. ! an cIcavIng ny nInu anu focusIng I on Ic asI.
VIIIc ! an vccaIng, fvon sIgI on avgc o nyscIf, ! MgW33h3 173
40:;;30. Oncc ny nInu Ias uccIucu o squcczc Ic vIggcv, I sIouIu no
conInuc o IInI aIou Ic ac of squcczIng. VIIIc ! an squcczIng ! conInuc
o say, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on. .
!A`! ! Iavc |us Ivcu Ic sIo. ! suvvIscu nc. oou. ! wan o Ic
suvvIscu Iy Ic sIo. !f ! an suvvIscu I Is Iccausc ny nInu Is focuscu on
2
IccIng Ic fvon sIgI on avgc. My nInu wIII no Iavc ncnaI sacc o
consIucv vccoII, Icvcfovc naIIng nc IucI ov IncI In anIcIaIon of vccoII.
+8>>8G 4708W;7B Afcv Ic sIo Is Ivcu, V "0)5 +"* +-#>>*- 2':48 !ccoII
novcs ny IavvcI avounu. Incc ! Iavc a wcII IuII osIIon anu ny sIIng Is snug
anu In usc, ny sIgIs scIc IacI on avgc. My Iouy scIcs IacI Ino Is `auvaI
!oIn of AIn.
uvIng IIs Inc, ! #/>> 173 M781. 1IIs ncans ! Icc ny cycs ocn uuvIng
Ic sIo, aIIng a ncnaI snasIo of wIcvc ny fvon sIgI was wIcn Ic sIo
wcn off. My fvon sIgI was on avgc a Ic Inc of Ic Iang so ! wIII caII Ic
sIo goou. !f, say, ! ooI a ncnaI snasIo of Ic fvon sIgI off, avgc wIcn
Ic sIo wcn off, ! wouIu caII I Iau. !f ! caIIcu Ic sIo Iu I uIu no II Ic
avgc, I Is sIII a goou sIo. ! wouIu usc Ic nIss as a IcavnIng oovunIy o
naIc Ic ncx sIo succcssfuI. `o sIo sIouIu Ic wascu.
!InaIIy, I Is Inc fov 40:;;30 *3931. Afcv Ic sIo wcn !A`, ! IcIu
Ic vIggcv IacI. Incc I wcn Iang ! vouc Ic vccoII ,foIIow IvougI, anu caIIcu
Ic sIo. `ow ! sIowIy guIuc Ic vIggcv fovwavu unII ! fccI I cIIcI. 1IIs cIIcI Is
Ic scav vcscIng. o no vcnovc youv Ingcv fvon Ic vIggcv a aII wIIIc you
avc IvIng sIos. 1IIs Is wIa naIcs goou vIggcv convoI wIIcI naIcs goou
accuvacy.
28
M:;71 6>:;2R321 ! naIc suvc ny fvon sIgI Is In Ic covvcc Iacc vcIaIvc
o ny vcav sIgI. ! an conscIous of ny uvIcy nccI anu cIccI wcIu, naIIng suvc
Icy avc In ny consIscn so. ! agaIn vcIax.
M:;71 .:=1W03B ! IvIng ny sIgIs ono ny avgc. ! uo IIs Iy novIng ny
IIs ,swIvcI Ic cannon cavvIagc,. 1IIs Is a gcncvaI uIvccIon novc, wc wIII Inc
unc Iacv. ! now Iacc Ic I of ny vIggcv Ingcv on Ic vIggcv. *39T:0/180X
./W93B Hcvc ! Icconc conscIous of ny IvcaIIng. ! IvcaIc In anu wacI ny
sIgIs uI IcIow Ic avgc. ! IvcaIc ou anu wacI ny sIgIs vIsc IacI
unucvncaI ny avgc ,sIncc ! an usIng a o ocIocI IoIu,.
uvIng !csIvaovy !ausc, ! cIccI ny `auvaI !oIn of AIn. ! cIosc ny
cycs. ! vcIax ny nuscIcs. ! IvcaIc In, IvcaIc ou. ! ocn ny cycs. ! asI nyscIf,
VIcvc Is ny fvon sIgI. DD' of Ic Inc I Is no on avgc. 1IIs Inc I Is
IIgI anu o Ic Icf. My suov cIIow Is Iancu. ! wIII no novc uuvIng ny
sIIfIng. ! sIIf ny IIs a Iny II Icf. 1IIs IvIngs ny fvon sIgI a IIIc o Ic
vIgI owavus Ic avgc. ! sIIf ny IIs a IIIc fovwavu. 1IIs IvIngs ny fvon
sIgI uown a IIIc, novc owavus Ic avgc.
! cIosc ny cycs. ! vcIax ny nuscIcs. ! IvcaIc In, ! IvcaIc ou. ! ocn ny
cycs. ! asI nyscIf, wIcvc Is ny fvon avgc. 1IIs Inc ! an on IovIzonaIIy.
Howcvcv, ny fvon sIgI Is covcvIng Ic avgc. ! an aInIng oo IIgI. ! sIIf ny
IIs a II fovwavu. ! vcca Ic voccss.
Iosc ny cycs, !cIax ny nuscIcs, !vcaIc !n, !vcaIc Ou, Ocn My !ycs.
! an vIgI on avgc wII ny vocv sIgI Icuvc.
A IIs oIn, ! +8=W9 RX "X3 82 173 +0821 M:;71. Incc ny `auvaI !oIn
of AIn Is on avgc, aII ! Iavc o uo Is vcnaIn In osIIon anu vcIaxcu anu ! wIII
vcnaIn on avgc. 1Icvc Is no novc nccu o focus on Ic avgc. ! focus ny cyc
on Ic fvon sIgI, naIIng Ic avgc IIuvvy anu Ic fvon sIgI IIacI anu cvIs.
Oncc ny cyc Is focuscu on Ic fvon sIgI, ! +8=W9 RX %:2I 82 P33T:2;
173 +0821 M:;71 82 4/0;31. 1IIs Is wIcvc nInu convoIs nacv. !f you ,#)) a
goou sIo, I wIII conc. ! say o nyscIf, wIIIc IccIng ny fvon sIgI vIsuaIIy In
focus, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc. Ovcv
anu ovcv agaIn. ! an cIcavIng ny nInu anu focusIng I on Ic asI.
VIIIc ! an vccaIng, fvon sIgI on avgc o nyscIf, ! MgW33h3 173
40:;;30. Oncc ny nInu Ias uccIucu o squcczc Ic vIggcv, I sIouIu no
conInuc o IInI aIou Ic ac of squcczIng. VIIIc ! an squcczIng ! conInuc
o say, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on avgc, fvon sIgI on. .
!A`! ! Iavc |us Ivcu Ic sIo. ! suvvIscu nc. oou. ! wan o Ic
suvvIscu Iy Ic sIo. !f ! an suvvIscu I Is Iccausc ny nInu Is focuscu on
2
IccIng Ic fvon sIgI on avgc. My nInu wIII no Iavc ncnaI sacc o
consIucv vccoII, Icvcfovc naIIng nc IucI ov IncI In anIcIaIon of vccoII.
+8>>8G 4708W;7B Afcv Ic sIo Is Ivcu, V "0)5 +"* +-#>>*- 2':48 !ccoII
novcs ny IavvcI avounu. Incc ! Iavc a wcII IuII osIIon anu ny sIIng Is snug
anu In usc, ny sIgIs scIc IacI on avgc. My Iouy scIcs IacI Ino Is `auvaI
!oIn of AIn.
uvIng IIs Inc, ! #/>> 173 M781. 1IIs ncans ! Icc ny cycs ocn uuvIng
Ic sIo, aIIng a ncnaI snasIo of wIcvc ny fvon sIgI was wIcn Ic sIo
wcn off. My fvon sIgI was on avgc a Ic Inc of Ic Iang so ! wIII caII Ic
sIo goou. !f, say, ! ooI a ncnaI snasIo of Ic fvon sIgI off, avgc wIcn
Ic sIo wcn off, ! wouIu caII I Iau. !f ! caIIcu Ic sIo Iu I uIu no II Ic
avgc, I Is sIII a goou sIo. ! wouIu usc Ic nIss as a IcavnIng oovunIy o
naIc Ic ncx sIo succcssfuI. `o sIo sIouIu Ic wascu.
!InaIIy, I Is Inc fov 40:;;30 *3931. Afcv Ic sIo wcn !A`, ! IcIu
Ic vIggcv IacI. Incc I wcn Iang ! vouc Ic vccoII ,foIIow IvougI, anu caIIcu
Ic sIo. `ow ! sIowIy guIuc Ic vIggcv fovwavu unII ! fccI I cIIcI. 1IIs cIIcI Is
Ic scav vcscIng. o no vcnovc youv Ingcv fvon Ic vIggcv a aII wIIIc you
avc IvIng sIos. 1IIs Is wIa naIcs goou vIggcv convoI wIIcI naIcs goou
accuvacy.
28