3URLHFWGHVWDWLVWLF

3HQWUX XQ HDQWLRQ GH  GH PXQFLWRUL VHOHFWDW vQWkPSO WRU L UHSHWDW QHUHSHWDW GLQ FHL

400 de muncitori ai unui agent economic cu profil industrial s-au nregistrat datele privind vechimea
vQPXQF DQLLSURGXF LDEXF LvQ luna aprilie 2001 (vezi tabelul 1.).
Tabelul 1.
Cod muncitor
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

9HFKLPHvQPXQF

DQL

1
6
24
23
24
19
12
15
18
19
32
34
20
22
30
16
2
24
22
22
16
37
13
24
27
29
14
18
28
10
16
19
18
20
29
19
26
22
8
4
2

3URGXF LHEXF

2
48
72
62
57
68
52
53
55
58
67
76
61
57
67
59
51
65
59
57
48
78
45
67
66
79
57
58
66
41
56
63
56
51
70
62
65
55
53
54
41

n vederea desprLQGHULLXQRUFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGHDQWLRQXOVHFHUH
1. V VHVLVWHPDWL]H]HGDWHOHvQUHJLVWUDWHODSXQFWXOSUHFHGHQWDVWIHO
1.1. V  VH JUXSH]H PXQFLWRULL GXS  YDULD LD ILHF UHL FDUDFWHULVWLFL YDULDELOH SH DVH
LQWHUYDOHHJDOHIRORVLQGPHWRGDJUXS ULORUVLPSOH

1.2.

V VHFHQWUDOL]H]HYDORULOHSHJUXSHOHRE LQXWHLV VHSUH]LQWHUH]XOWDWHOHVXEIRUPD

VHULLORUGHGLVWULEX LHUHSDUWL LHXQLGLPHQVLRQDOH

1.3.
1.4.

V VHUHSUH]LQWHJUDILFVHULLOHGHGLVWULEX LHSUH]HQWDWHODSXQFWXO
V  VH UHJUXSH]H GDWHOH SH WUHL LQWHUYDOH GH YDULD LH QHHJDOH L V  VH FHQWUDOL]H]H
YDORULOHSHQRLOHJUXSHV VHUHSUH]LQWHJUDILFGLVWULEX LLOHRE LQXWH

1.5.

V VHVLVWHPDWL]H]HYDORULOHLQGLYLGXDOHIRORVLQGPHWRGDJUXS ULLFRPELQDWHLV VH

UHSUH]LQWHJUDILFGLVWULEX LDELGLPHQVLRQDO UH]XOWDW 

2.

V VHFDOFXOH]HWRDWHP ULPLOHUHODWLYHSRVLELOHSHED]DGLVWULEX LLORUSHLQWHUYDOHQHHJDOH

LV VHUHSUH]LQWHJUDILFSULQGLDJUDPHDGHFYDWH

3.

V  VH FDOFXOH]H LQGLFDWRULL WHQGLQ HL FHQWUDOH LQGLFDWRULL YDULD LHL L DL DVLPHWULHL SHQWUX

variabilele nregistrate;
4.
5.

V VHYHULILFHUHJXODGHDGXQDUHDGLVSHUVLLORUSHQWUXGLVWULEX LDELGLPHQVLRQDO 
V  VH H[WLQG  UH]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWH DVXSUD vQWUHJLL FROHFWLYLW
GDF SUREDELOLWDWHDFXFDUHVHJDUDQWHD] UH]XOWDWHOHHVWH3

6.

L SHQWUX YDULDELOD SURGXF LH

]

= 3);

V VHDSOLFHPHWRGDUHJUHVLHLLFRUHOD LHLSHQWUXGDWHOHGLQHDQWLRQDVWIHO

6.1. pe baza datelor negrupate pentru primii 10 muncitori;

6.2. pe baza datelor grupate combinat de la punctul 1.5..
Rezolvare
1. Sistematizarea datelor nregistrate
1.1. Gruparea pe inteUYDOHGHYDULD LHHJDOH
3HQWUX JUXSDUHD XQHL YDULDELOH FDQWLWDWLYH SH LQWHUYDOH GH YDULD LH HJDOH HVWH QHFHVDU 
SDUFXUJHUHDXUP WRDUHORUHWDSH

FDOFXOXODPSOLWXGLQLLDEVROXWHDYDULD LHL

Aa);

GHWHUPLQDUHDP ULPLLLQWHUYDOXOXLGHYDULD LH

h=

h, l, d);

GDF QXP UXOGHJUXSHHVWHVWDELOLWDSULRUL

Aa
, unde kUHSUH]LQW
k

QXP UXOGHJUXSH

k = 6)

GDF  QXP UXO JUXSHORU QX HVWH FXQRVFXW P ULPHD LQWHUYDOXOXL VH VWDELOHWH SH ED]D
UHOD LHLOXL+$6WXUJHV

Aa
1 + 3,322 lg n
stabilirea celor kLQWHUYDOHGHYDULD LH
h=

GLVWULEXLUHDUHSDUWL]DUHDYDORULORUFDUDFWHULVWLFLLSHJUXSHOHVWDELOLWHvQHWDSDDQWHULRDU 

*UXSDUHDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

YDULDELODYHFKLPH;

$PSOLWXGLQHDDEVROXW 

Aa = xmax xmin = 37 2 = 35 ani

1XP UXOGHJUXSHHVWHG

at: k = 6

0 ULPHDLQWHUYDOXOXL

Aa 35
=
= 5,83 DQLUH]XOWDWXOVHURWXQMHWHvQSOXVVDX
k
6
Aa
35
h=
=
= 5,536 6 ani
1 + 3,322 log n 6,322
h=

3HQWUX VWDELOLUHD LQWHUYDOHORU GH YDULD LH VH SOHDF  GH OD R YDORDUH HJDO  VDX PDL PLF  GHFkW
YDORDUHDPLQLP DFDUDFWHULVWLFLLVHDGDXJ VXFFHVLYP ULPHDLQWHUYDOXOXLFDOFXODWQFD]XOQRVWUX
OLPLWDLQIHULRDU HVWHHJDO FX

xmin.

28
8 14
14 20
20 26
26 32
LSHVWH

////
////
/////
/////
/////
///

/////
/////
/

//
/

Pentru centralizarea

YDORULORU FDUDFWHULVWLFLORU DGLWLYH VH vQWRFPHWH FkWH XQ WDEHO SHQWUX

ILHFDUHJUXS 

Grupa I (2 8)

Grupa a II-a (8 14)

Tabelul 2.

Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
4
Total

Vechime
(ani)
6
2
4
2
14

Tabelul 3.

3URGXF LH

Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
4
Total

(buc)
48
51
54
41
194

Grupa a III-a (14 20)

Tabelul 4.
Nr.
Vechime
3URGXF LH
crt.
(ani)
(buc)
1
19
68
2
15
53
3
18
55
4
19
58
5
16
59
6
16
48
7
14
57
8
18
58
9
16
56
10
19
63
11
18
56
12
19
62
Total
207
693

Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total

*UXSDUHDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

Total

YDULDELODSURGXF LHL<

///
/////
/////

247

663

Tabelul 7.
Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
Total

,QWHUYDOHOHGHYDULD LHVXQW

///
/////
/////
/////
//
///

(buc)
52
45
41
53
191

Grupa a VI-a (32 38)

Aa = ymax ymin = 79 4 EXF

k=6
A
38
h= a =
= 6,33 EXF L
k
6

41 48
48 55
55 62
62 69
69 76
76 83

3URGXF LH

Grupa a IV-a (20 26)

Tabelul 5.
Vechime
3URGXF LH
(ani)
(buc)
24
72
23
62
24
57
20
61
22
57
24
65
22
59
22
57
24
67
20
51
22
55

Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Grupa a V-a (26 32)

Tabelul 6.
Vechime
3URGXF LH
(buc)
(ani)
30
67
27
66
29
79
28
66
29
70
16
65
169
413

Vechime
(ani)
12
13
10
8
43

///
/

Vechime
(ani)
32
34
37
103

3URGXF LH

(buc)
67
76
78
221

1.2. 5HSDUWL LLOH PXQFLWRULORU GXS  YHFKLPH L GXS

grupe VXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQWDEHOHL
5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

1XP

1RW

Tabelul 8.
Valori centralizate pentru:
Vechime (ani)
3URGXF LHEXF
2
3
14
194
43
191
207
693
247
663
169
413
103
221
783
2375

YHFKLPHDQL

1
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

*UXSDUHFXYDULD LHFRQWLQX OLPLWDLQIHULRDU ILLQGLQFOXV vQLQWHUYDO

5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

SURGXF LDUHDOL]DW

1XP

LFHQWUDOL]DUHDSHJUXSHDYDORULORUYDULDELOHORU

Tabelul 9.
Valori centralizate pentru:
Vechime
3URGXF LHEXF
2
3
25
127
83
410
251
745
271
718
53
142
100
233
783
2375

UPXQFLWRUL

SURGXF LHEXF

0
41 - 48
48 55
55 62
62 69
69 76
76 83
Total
1RW

i valorile centralizate pe

YHFKLPHLFHQWUDOL]DUHDSHJUXSHDYDORULORUYDULDELOHORU

UPXQFLWRUL

0
2-8
8 14
14 20
20 26
26 32
32 38
Total

 SURGXF LH

1
3
8
13
11
2
3
40

*UXSDUHFXYDULD LHFRQWLQX OLPLWDLQIHULRDU ILLQGLQFOXV vQLQWHUYDO

1.3. 5HSUH]HQWDUHDJUDILF DFHORUGRX UHSDUWL LLVHIDFHSULQ

- KLVWRJUDP ILJ.);
- SROLJRQXOIUHFYHQ HORUILJ
- FXUED FXPXODWLY  D IUHFYHQ HORU ILJ   DFHDVW  UHSUH]HQWDUH JUDILF

 SUHVXSXQH

FDOFXODUHDIUHFYHQ HORUFXPXODWHWDEHOXO

Histograma VH RE LQH FRQVWUXLQG GUHSWXQJKLXUL FX ED]HOH HJDOH FX P

fL[DWHSH2[LvQ
(vezi figura 1):

O LPHDSURSRU LRQDO FXIUHFYHQ HOHVDXQXP UXOGHXQLW

14
12

12

11

10


 




6
4

2
0
2

14

20

26

32

38

vechime (ani)

)LJXUD5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

YHFKLPH

ULPHD LQWHUYDOHORU

LFHFRUHVSXQGJUXSHORU

14
12


 

10
8

6


2
0
2

14

20

26

32

38

vechime (ani)

)LJ5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

Curba cumulDWLY

YHFKLPH

DIUHFYHQ HORU

Tabelul 10.
1XP

Grupe de muncitori
YHFKLPHDQL

)UHFYHQ HFXPXODWH
&UHVF

1
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

UPXQFLWRUL

0
2-8
8 14
14 20
20 26
26 32
32 38
Total

QXP

GXS

UPXQFLWRUL

WRU

'HVFUHVF

3
40
36
32
20
9
3
-

4
8
20
31
37
40
-

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2

14
20
vechime (ani)

)LJ5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

26

YHFKLPH

32

38

WRU

3HQWUXYDULDELODSURGXF LHUHSUH]HQW ULOHJUDILFHDOHVHULHLGHUHSDUWL LHVXQW

14

13

12

'

11

10

' ( )%

"&

$#

$%

"#
4

3
2

2
0
41

48

55
62
69
      !

76

)LJ5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

83

SURGXF LH

14
12
A

A B C?

10
>=

>?

<=

<@

2
0
34

41

48

55
62
69
*,+.-0/21,3 4 57698,123: ;

)LJ5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

76

83

90

SURGXF LH

Tabelul 11.
Grupe de muncitori
GXS

SURGXF LHEXF

0
41 - 48
48 55
55 62
62 69
69 76
76 83
Total

1XP

UPXQFLWRUL

1
3
8
13
11
2
3
40

)UHFYHQ HFXPXODWH
&UHVF

WRU

2
3
11
24
35
37
40
-

'HVFUHVF

3
40
37
29
16
5
3
-

WRU

45
40
35
30

W X YU

25

TS

20

TU

15

RV

RS

10
5
0
34

41

48

55
62 69
DEGFHIJ K LNM OIJ P Q

)LJ5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

76

83

90

SURGXF LH

1.4. Gruparea muncitorilor pe intervale neegale

Un criteriu de repartizare pe grupe neegale l constituie nivelul mediu al variabilei:
- vechimea medie pe muncitori;
- produc LDPHGLHSHPXQFLWRU
9RUILWUHLJUXSHFDOLWDWLYHGHWLSXOPLFPLMORFLXLPDUH
QJUXSDDGRXDVXQWFXSULQVHJUXSDLQWHUYDOXOFDUHFRQ LQHQLYHOXOPHGLXDOYDULDELOHL
LLQWHUYDOHOHvQYHFLQDWHFXDFHDVWD
Q SULPD L XOWLPD JUXS  VXQW FXSULQVH LQW

ervalele care preced sau succed cele trei

intervale care compun grupa a doua.

5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

YHFKLPH

6HFDOFXOHD] YHFKLPHDPHGLHSHXQPXQFLWRUFDPHGLHDULWPHWLF VLPSO 

x=

xi
i =1

783
= 19,575 ani/muncitor
40

5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS YHFKLPHSHFHOHLQWHUYDOHQHHJDOHLYDORULOHFHQWUDOL]DWHVXQW

nscrise n tabelul 11..

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

YHFKLPHDQL

0
2-8
8 14
26 38
Total

1XP

UPXQFLWRUL

(ni)
1
4
27
9
40

Tabelul 11.
Valori centralizate pentru:
3URGXF LHEXF
Vechime (ani)
2
3
14
194
497
1547
272
634
783
2375

5HSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF  D UHSDUWL LLORU SH LQWHUYDOH QHHJDOH VH SRDWH IDFH SULQ KLVWRJUDP 
SROLJRQXOIUHFYHQ HORULFXUEDFXPXODWLY DIUHFYHQ HORU

Pentru construirea histogramei este necesar calculul

WDEHOXOLILJXUD

SUHDODELO DO IUHFYHQ HORU UHGXVH YH]L

Tabelul 12.
PXQFLWRULGXS

UPXQFLWRUL

1XP

Grupe de

(ni)

vechime (ani)
0
2-8
8 26
26 38
Total

ULPHD

Coeficient de reducere

intervalului
(hi)

DIUHFYHQ HORU

3
1
3
2
-

1
4
27
9
40

ki =

6
18
12
-

hi
h1 )

)UHFYHQ HUHGXVH

nri =

ni
ki

4
4:1=4
29:3=9
9:2=4,5

_0Z

27

UPXQFLWRUL

^
]

4
\

QXP

[
Z

26

38

vechime (ani)

)LJ'LVWULEX LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS YHFKLPHDQL

5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

SURGXF LH

y=

yi
i =1

2375
= 59,375 buc./muncitor
40

n
RepartL LDSHLQWHUYDOHQHHJDOHLYDORULOHFHQWUDOL]DWHVXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQWDEHOXO
1XP

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

Tabelul 13.
Valori centralizate pentru:
3URGXF LHEXF
Vechime (ani)
2
3
25
127
605
1873
153
375
783
2375

UPXQFLWRUL

(ni)
1
3
32
5
40

YHFKLPHDQL

0
41 - 48
48 69
69 83
Total

&DOFXOXO IUHFYHQ HORU UHGXVH HVWH SUH]HQWDW vQ WDEHOXO  LDU KLVWRJUDPD L SROLJRQXO
IUHFYHQ HORUvQILJXUD

Tabelul 14.
1XP

Grupe de
PXQFLWRULGXS

UPXQFLWRUL

(ni)

vechime (ani)
0
41 - 48
48 69
69 63
Total

1
3
32
5
40

ULPHD

Coeficient de reducere

intervalului
(hi)

DIUHFYHQ HORU

2
7
21
14
-

3
1
3
2
-

ki =

hi
h1

)UHFYHQ HUHGXVH

nri =

ni
ki

4
3
10,66
2,5
-

12

32

QXP

UPXQFLWRUL

10
8
6
3

2
0
34

41

48

55

62

69

76

83

90

97

SURGXF LHEXF

)LJ5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS SURGXF LH

1.5. *UXSDUHDFRPELQDW DPXQFLWRULORUGXS

n tabelul 15. WDEHOFXGXEO LQWUDUH
5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

YHFKLPH

0
2-8
8-14
14-20
20-26
36-32
32-38
Total ( n.j)
1RW

41 - 48
1
1
2
3

YHFKLPHLGXS

SURGXF LHHVWHSUH]HQWDW 

YHFKLPHDQLLGXS SURGXF LHEXF

Subgrupe de mXQFLWRULGXS SURGXF LH\j)

48 - 55
55 - 62
62 - 69
69 - 76
2
3
4
5
3
2
2
7
3
1
6
3
1
4
1
1
8
13
11
2

76 - 83
6
1
2
3

Tabelul 15.
Total
(ni.)
7
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

/LPLWDLQIHULRDU LQFOXV vQLQWHUYDO

5HSUH]HQWDUHDJUDILF  DUHSDUWL LLORUELGLPHQVLRQDOH VHUHDOL]HD] SULQGLDJUDPDQRUXOXLGH

puncte (corelograma) (vezi figura 9).

83

**

76

SURGXF LDEXF

69

**
*
***
**
**

62

55

**
*
*

48

**
*
**
**
**

*
*
**
**

**
**

41
2

8
14
20
26
vechimea (ani)

)LJ5HSDUWL LDPXQFLWRULORUGXS

32

38

YHFKLPHLGXS SURGXF LH

2.

&DOFXOXOP

&DOFXOXOP

ULPLORUGHVWUXFWXU

GHFRRUGRQDUHLGHLQWHQVLWDWH

ULPLORUUHODWLYHGHVWUXFWXU

SHSRWFDOFXODP

ULPLOHUHODWLYHGHVWUXFWXU DWkWSHED]DIUHFYHQ HORUDEVROXWH

FD] DX VHQVXO GH IUHFYHQ H UHODWLYH 

VDXJUHXW

niLvQDFHVW
ni* FkW L SH ED]D YDORULORU FHQWUDOL]DWH RE LQkQGX-se ponderile

LOHVSHFLILFHgiFRUHVSXQ] WRDUH

Se vor utLOL]DUHSDUWL LLOHSHLQWHUYDOHQHHJDOHGLQWDEOHOHL
n
ni*(%) = n i 100 -IUHFYHQ HUHODWLYH
ni

i =1

g i (%) =

xi
n

xi

100 -SRQGHULVDXJUHXW

LVSHFLILFH

i =1

5H]XOWDWHOH FDOFXOHORU SH ED]D UHSDUWL LHL PXQFLWRULORU GXS  YDORDUHD SURGXF LHL VXQW

prezentate n tabelul 16.

Tabelul 16.
Grupe de muncitori
GXS

SURGXF LHEXF

0
40-48
48-69
69-83
Total

1XP

U

muncitori
(ni)

Valori centralizate pentru:

3URGXF LH
Vechime
(ani)
(buc.)

1
3
32
5
40

2
25
605
153
783

ULPLUHODWLYHGHVWUXFWXUL

)UHFYHQ H

3
127
1873
375
2375

relative
(ni*(%))
4
7,5
80,0
12,5
100,0

*UHXW

LVSHFLILFH

Vechime
5
3,2
77,3
19,5
100,0

gi(%))

3URGXF LH

6
5,3
78,9
15,8
100,0

5HSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF  D P ULPLORU UHODWLYH GH VWUXFWXU  VH IDFH SULQ GLDJUDPH GH VWUXFWXU 
GUHSWXQJKLFHUFS WUDW
3H DFHODL JUDILF VH SRW UHSUH]HQWD YDULDELOH GLIHULWH DSDU LQkQG DFHOHLDL FROHFWLYLW

(vezi fig.10.).

100%

5,3%
18,5%

90%

19,5%

grupa a III-a
grupa a II-a
grupa I

80%
70%
60%

78,9%

50%
80%

40%

77,3%

30%
20%
10%
0%

7,5%

`bac

d2cea`fGg h id9g

15,8%
3,2%
vechime

Figura 10. Structura mXQFLWRULORUGXS

j d ika0f g l
YHFKLPHLSURGXF LHSHJUXSH

L

&DOFXOXOP

ULPLORUUHODWLYHGHFRRUGRQDUH

0 ULPLOH UHODWLYH GH FRRUGRQDUH VH FDOFXOHD]  FD UDSRUW vQWUH QLYHOXULOH FHORU WUHL JUXSH
'DF  QRW P IUHFYHQ HOH FHORU WUHL JUXSH FX

n1, n2, n3 L FX X1, X2, X3 respectiv Y1, Y2, Y3 valorile

FHQWUDOL]DWHDOHFHORUGRX YDULDELOHDWXQFLP ULPLOHUHODWLYHGHFRRUGRQDUHVHFDOFXOHD] DVWIHO

K 2 /1 =

n
X
Y
n2
X
Y
; K 3 / 1 = 3 ; K 2X/ 1 = 2 ; K 3x/ 1 = 3 ; K 2Y/ 1 = 2 ; K 3y/ 1 = 3
n1
n1
X1
X1
Y1
Y1

%D]  GH FRPSDUD LH D IRVW OXDW  SULPD JUXS  5H]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWH SHQWUX GLVWULEX LD

muncitorilor dup

SURGXF LHVXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQWDEHOXO

Tabelul 17.
*UXSHGHPXQFLWRULGXS
SURGXF LHEXF

1XP

U

muncitori
(ni)
1
3
32
5

0
41-48
48-69
69-83

Valori centralizate pentru:

Vechime
3URGXF LH
(buc.) Yi
(ani) Xi
2
3
25
127
605
1873
153
375

ULPLUHODWLYHGHFRRUGRQDUHSHQWUX

1XP

U

muncitori
4
1
10,66
1,66

Vechime
5
1
24,2
6,12

5HSUH]HQWDUHDJUDILF DP ULPLORUUHODWLYHGHFRRUGRQDUHVHIDFHSULQGLDJUDP

3URGXF

ie

6
1
14,74
2,95

e prin coloane

(figura 11.).

p,x,u9q2y

owq,u9p2x

oNrsu ovq

rsm

rtn

)LJ5DSRUWXOGLQWUHQXP UXOGHPXQFLWRULGLQFHOHWUHLJUXSH

&DOFXOXOP

ULPLORUUHODWLYHGHLQWHQVLWDWH

0 ULPLOH UHODWLYH GH LQWHQVLWDWH VH RE LQ SULQ UDSRUWDUHD D GRL LQGLFDWRUL LQWHUGHSHQGHQ L
5H]XOWDWXO RE LQXW VLQWHWL]HD]  QLYHOXO PHGLX SHQWUX ILHFDUH YDULDELO  FDQWLWDWLY  OD QLYHOXO ILHF UHL
JUXSHLSHWRWDO5H]XOWDWHOHRE LQXWHVXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQWDEHOXO

Tabelul 18.
Grupe de muncitori
GXS

SURGXF LHEXF

0
41-48
48-69
69-83
Total

1XP

U

muncitori
(ni)
1
3
32
5
40

Valori centralizate pentru

Vechime (ani) 3URGXF LH
(Xi)
(buc.) (Yi)
2
25
605
153
783

3
127
1873
375
2375

ULPLUHODWLYHGHLQWHQVLWDWHSHQWUX

Vechime
(ani/muncitor)
(Xi/ni)
4
8,33
18,91
30,60
19,575

3HQWUXYDULDELODYHFKLPHVHYRUFDOFXODDFHOHDLP ULPLUHODWLYH

3URGXF LH

(buc./muncitor)
(Yi/ni)
5
42,33
58,53
75,00
59,375

3.

,QGLFDWRULLWHQGLQ HLFHQWUDOHLQGLFDWRULLYDULD LHLLDLDVLPHWULHL

,QGLFDWRULLWHQGLQ HLFHQWUDOH

Calculul mediei aritmetice

3HQWUXYDULDELODYHFKLPHVHvQWRFPHWHWDEHOXO

1XP

Grupe de

UGH

vechime (ani)

muncitori
(ni)

Centrul
intervalului
(xi)

xi ni

0
2-8
8-14
14-20
20-26
26-32
32-38
Total

1
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

2
5
11
17
23
29
35
-

3
20
44
204
253
174
105
800

PXQFLWRULGXS

ni*(%)

n
= i 100
ni
4
10,0
10,0
30,0
27,5
15,0
7,5
100

xi ni*(%)
5
50
110
510
632,5
435
262,5
2000

xi a
h
a=17;h=6
6
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-

Tabelul 19.
xi a
ni
h
7
-8
-4
0
11
12
9
20

CalcululRELQXLWDOPHGLHLDULWPHWLFH
- FXIUHFYHQ HDEVROXWH
k

x=

xi ni
i =1
k

ni

800
= 20 ani/muncitor
40

i =1

unde xi VXQW FHQWUHOH LQWHUYDOHORU GH JUXSDUH FDOFXODWH FD PHGLH DULWPHWLF

 VLPSO  D

OLPLWHLLQIHULRDUHLVXSHULRDUHDILHF UHLJUXSH

FXIUHFYHQ HUHODWLYH

xi ni*

2000
= 20 ani / muncitor
100
100
Calculul simplificat al mediei aritmetice:
k
x a
i h ni
20
x = i =1 k
h + a =
6 + 17 = 20 ani / muncitor.
40
ni
x=

i =1

i =1

Calculul modului (M0):

Locul M0HVWHLQWHUYDOXOFXIUHFYHQ DPD[LP -20).
Valoarea modului:
1
(12 4)
M 0 = x0 + h
= 14 + 6
= 14 + 5,33 = 19,33 ani/muncitor
1 + 2
(12 4) + (12 11)
Calculul medianei (Me)
Locul medianei: LM e =

ni + 1 = 41 = 20,5
2

0HGLDQD HVWH FXSULQV  vQ SULPXO LQWHUYDO D F UXL IUHFYHQ

locul medianei (vezi tab.11).

Deci intervalul este (20-26).

 FXPXODW  HVWH PDL PDUH GHFkW

ni

+1

M e = x0 + h

m 1

ni
i =1

nm
unde m este indexul intervalului median.

= 20 + 6

20 , 5 20
= 20 , 27 ani / muncitor,
11

3HQWUX FDOFXOXO JUDILF DO LQGLFDWRULORU PHGLL GH SR]L LH PHGLDQ  L PRGXO YH]L FDSLWROXO

$QDOL]DVHULLORUGHUHSDUWL LHGHIUHFYHQ H

&DOFXOXOLQGLFDWRULORUVLQWHWLFLDLYDULD LHL

Se vor folosi datele din tabelul 20.

1XP

Grupe de
muncitori
GXS

vechime
(ani)
0
2-8
8-14
14-20
20-26
20-32
32-38
Total

U

de
muncitori
(ni)

Centrul
de
interval
(xi)

xi x

1
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

2
5
11
17
23
29
35
-

3
-15
-9
-3
3
9
15
-

$EDWHUHDPHGLHOLQLDU

(xi x )

xi x ni

ni

xi a
h
a = 17;
h=6

4
60
36
36
33
54
45
264

5
900
324
108
99
486
675
2592

6
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-

d ):

d =

xi x .ni
i =1

ni

264
= 6,6 ani / muncitor
40

i =1
2

Dispersia ( ):
- FDOFXORELQXLW
k

( xi x ) 2 ni
2 = i =1
ni
-

2592
= 64,8
40

calcul simplificat:
2

x a
i h ni
i =1
k

2 =

ni
i =1

$EDWHUHDPHGLHS

WUDWLF

h 2 ( x a) 2 =

82
36 (20 17) 2 = 64,8
40

= = 64,8 = 8,498 ani / muncitor.

2

&RHILFLHQWXOGHYDULD LHYLY

d
6,6
100 =
100 = 33%
x
20

8,0498
v = 100 =
100 = 40,249%
x
20
v=

SHULDGHUHSDUWL LHQXHVWHRPRJHQ

LPHGLDQXHVWHUHSUH]HQWDWLY SHQWUXVHULH

Tabelul 20.
2

xi a

ni
h
7
16
4
0
11
24
27
82

Calculul coeficientului de asimetrie

x Mo 20 19,33
Cas =
=
= 0,083 VHULDHVWHXRUDVLPHWULF DVLPHWULHSR]LWLY 

8,0498
Pentru variabila SURGXF LH LQGLFDWRULL WHQGLQ HL FHQWUDOH L YDULD LHL VXQW FDOFXOD L FX DMXWRUXO
GDWHORUGLQWDEHOHOHL

1XP

Grupe de

UGH

SURGXF LHEXF

muncitori
(ni)

Centrul
intervalului
(yi)

y i ni

0
41-48
48-55
55-62
62-69
69-76
76-83
Total

1
3
8
13
11
2
3
40

2
44,5
51,5
58,5
65,5
72,5
79,5
-

3
133,5
412,0
760,5
720,5
145,0
238,5
2410

PXQFLWRULGXS

ni*(%) =

ni
100
ni

4
7,5
20,0
32,5
27,5
5,0
7,5
100

y i ni*(%)
5
333,75
1030
1901,25
1801,25
362,5
596,25
6025

yi a
h
a = 58,5;
h=7
6
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-

Tabelul 21.
yi a
ni
h

0HGLDDULWPHWLF
&DOFXOXORELQXLWDOPHGLHLDULWPHWLFH

FXIUHFYHQ HDEVROXWH

y i ni
y = i =1
ni

2410
= 60,25 buc. / muncitor
40

FXIUHFYHQ HUHODWLYH

y=

yi ni*
i =1

100

6025
= 60,25 buc. / muncitor.
100

Calculul simplificat al mediei aritmetice:

k
y a
i h ni
10
y = i =1
h + a =
7 + 58,5 = 60,25 buc. / muncitor
40
ni
Calculul modului (M0):

0RGXOVHDIO vQLQWHUYDOXO

-62).
1
(13 8)
Mo = y 0 + h
= 55 + 7
= 60 buc. / muncitor
1 + 2
(13 8) + (1 11)

Calculul medianei (Me):

L Me = 20 , 5
k

ni
i =1

Me = y 0 + h

+1

m 1

ni
i =1

nm

= 55 + 7

20 , 5 11
= 60 , 12 buc. / muncitor
13

7
-6
-8
0
11
4
9
10

&DOFXOXOLQGLFDWRULORUVLQWHWLFLDLYDULD LHL

Tabelul 22.
1XP

Grupare de

UGH

SURGXF LHEXF

muncitori
(ni)

Centrul de
interval
(yi)

yi y

y i y ni

0
41-48
48-55
55-62
62-69
69-73
76-83
Total

1
3
8
13
11
2
3
40

2
44,5
51,5
58,5
65,5
72,5
79,5
-

3
-15,75
-8,75
-1,75
5,25
12,25
19,25
-

4
47,25
70,00
22,75
57,75
24,50
57,75
280

PXQFLWRULGXS

AbatHUHDPHGLHOLQLDU

(y i y )

ni

5
744,1875
612,5
39,812
303,1875
300,125
1111,6875
3111,4995

yi a
h

a = 58,5;
h=7
6
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-

d)

d =

y i y ni
i =1

ni

280
= 7 buc. / muncitor
40

i =1

Dispersia (2)
- FDOFXOXORELQXLW
k

2 =

( y i y ) 2 ni
i =1

ni

3111,495
= 77,787
40

i =1

calculul simplificat
2

y a
i h ni
i =1
k

2 =

ni
i =1

$EDWHUHDPHGLHS

WUDWLF

h 2 ( y a) 2 =

66
49 (60,25 58,5) 2 = 77,787
40

= = 77,787 = 8,82 buc. / muncitor.

2

&RHILFLHQWXOGHYDULD LHYLY

d
7
100 =
100 = 11,62%
60,25
y

8,82
v = 100 =
100 = 14,64%
60,25
y
v=

6HULDHVWHRPRJHQ LPHGLDHVWHUHSUH]HQWDWLY 

Calculul coeficientului de asimetrie

y M 0 60,25 60
Cas =
=
= 0,0283 DVLPHWULHSR]LWLY

8,82

yi a

ni
h

QHVHPQLILFDWLY 

7
12
8
0
11
8
27
66

4. Verificarea regulii de adunare a dispersiilor

6H YD IRORVL WDEHOXO RE LQXW SULQ JUXSDUHD FRPELQDW  D PXQFLWRULORU GXS  YHFKLPH SH
LQWHUYDOHQHHJDOHLGXS SURGXF LHSHLQWHUYDOHHJDOH

*UXSHGHPXQFLWRULGXS

*UXSHGHPXQFLWRULGXS

vechime (ani)
0
2-8
8-26
26-38
Total

41-48
1
1
2
3

48-55
2
3
5
8

55-62
3
13
13

SURGXF LHEXF

62-69
4
6
5
11

69-76
5
1
1
2

76-83
6
3
3

Tabelul 23.
Total
(ni..)
7
4
27
9
40

6HFDOFXOHD] 
0HGLLOHGHJUXS

( y i ):

y j nij
j =1
m

yi =

nij
j =1

44,5 1 + 51,5 3
= 49,75 buc./muncitor
4
44,5 2 + 51,55 5 + 58,5 13 + 65,5 6 + 72,5 1
y2 =
= 58,2407 buc./muncitor
27
65,5 5 + 72,5 1 + 79,5 3
y3 =
= 70,944 buc./muncitor
9
y1 =

0HGLDJHQHUDO

y ):

SHED]DGLVWULEX LHLPDUJLQDOHDPXQFLWRULORUGXS SURGXF LH

y=

y j n. j
j =1
m

n. j
j =1

y=
-

44,5 3 + 51,5 8 + 58,5 13 + 65,5 11 + 72,5 2 + 79,5 2

= 60,25 buc./muncitor
40

SHED]DPHGLLORUGHJUXS 

y=

y i ni .
i =1
r

ni.
i =1

49,75 4 + 58,2407 27 + 70,94 9 2410

y=
=
= 60,25 buc./muncitor
40
40

&DOFXOXOLQGLFDWRULORUVLQWHWLFLDLYDULD LHL

GLVSHUVLLOHGHJUXS 

i2 ):

i2 =

( y j yi ) 2 nij
j =1

nij
j =1

(44,5 49,75) 2 1 + (51,5 49,75) 2 3

= 9,1875
4
(44,5 58,24) 2 # 2 + (51,5 58,24) 2 5 + (58,5 58,24) 2 13 + (65,5 58,24) 2 6
22 =
+
27
(72,5 58,24) 2 1
+
= 41,6736
2

12 =

32 =

(65,5 70,94) 2 5 + (72,5 70,94) 2 1 + (79,5 70,94) 2 3

= 41,1358
9

PHGLDGLVSHUVLLORUGHJUXS 

2 = y/r =

i2 ni.
ni .

):

9,1875 4 + 41,6736 27 + 41,1358 9

38,31
40
dispersia dintre grupe ( 2 ):

2 =

2 = 2y / x =

( yi y ) 2 ni.
i =1

ni .
i =1

(49,75 60,25) 2 4 + (58,24 60,25) 2 27 + (70,94 60,25) 2 9

39,47
40
2
GLVSHUVLDWRWDO 
):

2 =

2 = 2y =

( y j y ) 2 n. j
j =1

n. j
j =1

(44,5 60,25) 2 3 + (51,5 60,25) 2 8 + (58,5 60,25) 2 13

+
40
(65,5 60,25) 2 11 + (72,5 60,25) 2 2 + (79,5 60,25) 2 3
+
= 77,78
40

2 =

5HJXODDGXQ

ULLGLVSHUVLLORU

= 2y = 2 + 2 sau
77,78 = 38,31 + 39,47
2

y2 = 2y / r + 2y / x

3HED]DUHJXOLLGHDGXQDUHDGLVSHUVLLORUVHSRWFDOFXODDO LGRLLQGLFDWRULVWDWL

2
JUDGXOGHGHWHUPLQD LH5
y/x

2
39,47
100 =
100 = 50,75%
2
77,78

2
JUDGXOGHQHGHWHUPLQD LH.
y / x ):

stici:

):

R y2 / x =

K y2 / x =

38,31
2
100 =
100 = 49,25%
2
77,78

'LQUH]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWHUHLHVHF YDULD LDWRWDO DSURGXF LHLVH GDWRUHD] vQDSURDSH DFHHDL

pURSRU LH DWkW IDFWRUXOXL GH JUXSDUH YHFKLPHD vQ PXQF

 FkW L FHORUODO L IDFWRUL FDUH QX DX IRVW

vQUHJLVWUD L ,QIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL GH JUXSDUH YHFKLPH HVWH GRDU FX  PDL PDUH GHFkW LQIOXHQ D
IDFWRULORUQHvQUHJLVWUD L

5. Estimarea limitelor pentru prodXF

LD PHGLH D FROHFWLYLW

LL WRWDOH L SHQWUX QLYHOXO

WRWDOL]DWDOSURGXF LHL
(DQWLRQXO ILLQG DOF WXLW GXS  XQ SURFHGHX DOHDWRULX VH SRDWH XWLOL]D GLVSHUVLD GLQ HDQWLRQ

pentru calculul erorii de reprezentativitate.

5.1. Sondaj aleatoriu simplu repetat

Eroarea medie de reprezentativitate ( y )

2
77,78
=
= 1,3944 buc.
n
40

y = y =

(URDUHDOLPLW 

y ):

y = z y = 3 1,3944 = 4,1834 buc.

,QWHUYDOXOvQFDUHYDILFXSULQV SURGXF LDPHGLHSHvQWUHDJDFROHFWLYLWDWH

y y < y0 < y + y

60,25 4,1834 < y 0 < 60,25 + 4,1834

56,0666 < y 0 <64,4334 buc./muncitor

,QWHUYDOXOvQFDUHYDILFXSULQV SURGXF LDWRWDO SHvQWUHDJDFROHFWLYLWDWH

400

N y y < yi < N y + y
i =1
400

22426,64 < yi < 25773,36 buc.

i =1

5.2. Sondajul aleatoriu simplu nerepetat

Eroarea medie de reprezentativitate

y =

2
n

(URDUHDOLPLW

1 =
N

77,78
40
1
= 1,3228 buc.
40 400

y = z y = 3 1,3228 = 3,9686 buc.

,QWHUYDOXOvQFDUHYDILFXSULQV SURGXF LDPHGLHSHvQWUHDJDFROHFWLYLWDWH

y y < y0 < y + y
60,25 3,9686 < y 0 < 60,25 + 3,9686
56,2814 < y 0 < 64,2186 buc./muncitor

,QWHUYDOXOvQFDUHYDILFXSULQV SURGXF LDWRWDO SHvQWUHDJDFROHFWLYLWDWH

400

N y y < yi < N y + y
i =1
400

22512,66 < yi < 25687,44 buc.

i =1

6.

$QDOL]DFRUHOD LHLGLQWUHYHFKLPHDvQPXQF

LSURGXF LDRE LQXW

6.1. &RUHOD LDVLPSO (date negrupate)

6HDSOLF SHQWUXSULPHOHXQLW

LGLQHDQWLRQ

Metode simple
Metoda seriilor paralele interdependente
6H RUGRQHD]  FUHVF WRU GXS  YHFKLPH

xi YDULDELOD LQGHSHQGHQW

yi (variabila depeQGHQW  (vezi tabelul 24.).

 L VH WUHF YDORULOH

FRUHVSXQ] WRDUHDOHSURGXF LHL

Tabelul 24.
Nr.
crt.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Vechime (xi)
1
6
12
15
18
19
19
23
24
24
32

3URGXF LH

yi)

2
48
52
53
55
58
68
62
57
72
67

Concluzie: Cresc valorile xiLYDORULOHyiFHHDFHVXJHUHD]

0HWRGDJUDILF

ROHJ WXU GLUHFW 

3HQWUXUHSUH]HQWDUHDJUDILF VHFRQVWUXLHWHFRUHORJUDPDYH]LILJ


~


}~
z{|

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
vechime (ani)

Figura 12.
'LQJUDILFUH]XOW H[LVWHQ DXQHLOHJ WXULGLUHFWHGHIRUP OLQLDU 

Metode analitice
5HJUHVLDOLQLDU

Yxi = a + bxi
6HDSOLF PHWRGDFHORUPDLPLFLS WUDWHLVHRE LQHVLVWHPXOGHHFXD LLQRUPDOH

n
n

na + b xi = yi

i =1
i =1
,
n
n
n
2
a x i + b x i = x i y i
i =1
i =1
i =1
n

yi xi2 xi xi yi
unde: a =

i =1

i =1

n
i =1

xi2

n
xi
i =1
n

n xi y i xi y i

b=

i =1

i =1

i =1
2

n xi2 xi
i =1
i =1
n

'DWHOHQHFHVDUHFDOFXO ULLFHORUGRLSDUDPHWULLVXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQWDEHOXO

Nr.
crt.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total

xi

yi

xi y i

x i2

yi2

Yxi = a + bxi

1
6
12
15
18
19
19
23
24
24
32
192

2
48
52
53
55
58
68
62
57
72
67
592

3
288
624
795
990
1102
1292
1426
1368
1728
2144
11757

4
36
144
225
324
361
361
529
576
576
1024
4156

5
2304
2704
2809
3025
3364
4624
3844
3249
5184
4489
35596

6
48.2202
53.2104
55.7055
58.2006
59.0323
59.0323
62.3591
63.1908
63.1908
69.8444
591.9864

(y

24..

Yx x

Tabelul 24.

(yi y )2

7
0.048488
1.465068
7.319730
10.243840
1.065643
80.419643
0.128953
38.326004
77.602004
8.090611
224.70997

10a + 192b = 592

192a + 4156b = 11757

a=

592 4156 192 11757

= 43,23
104156 36864

b=

10 11757 192 592

= 0,8317 b > 0 OHJ
10 4156 36864

WXUDGLUHFW

)XQF LDGHUHJUHVLHHVWH

Yxi = 43,23 + 0,8317 xi

9DORULOHIXQF LHLGHUHJUHVLHYDORULDMXVWDWHVXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQWDEHOXOFRORDQD

8
125.44
51.84
38.44
17.64
1.44
77.44
7.84
4.84
163.84
60.24
549

,QWHQVLWDWHDOHJ

WXULLGLQWUHFHOHGRX

FRHILFLHQWGHFRUHOD LH

YDULDELOHVHP VRDU FXLQGLFDWRU

ii:

ry/x):

i =1

i =1

n xi y i xi y i

ry / x

i =1

=
2
n

n
n
n

n xi2 xi n yi2 yi

i =1
i =1 i =1
i =1

10 11757 192 592

= 0,768
10 4156 (192) 2 10 3596 (592) 2
2

][

ry/x = 0,768

UDSRUWXOGHFRUHOD LH

Ry / x =

Ry/x):

( yi Yx ) 2

1
( yi y ) 2
i

Datele necesare sunt prezentate n tabelul 24.

n

yi

592
= 59,2 buc./muncitor.
n
10
224,70997
= 0,59069 = 0,768
Ry/x = 1
549
Concluzie:([LVW ROHJ WXU LQWHQV GLUHFW LOLQLDU
y=

i =1

vQWUXFkW

ry/x = Ry/x = 0,768.

3HQWUXYHULILFDUHDVHPQLILFD LHLYDORULLFRHILFLHQWXOXLGHFRUHOD LHOLQLDU VLPSO VHXWLOL]HD] 

testul t:
t=
pentru 

ry / x
1 ry2/ x

n2 =

0,59069
1 0,59069

10 2 = 2,6116

LQ

'DF 

tcalc

2 = 8 grade de libertate ttab = 2,306.

> ttab UH]XOW  F  ry/x HVWH VHPQLILFDWLY L P

VRDU  OHJ WXUD OLQLDU  GLUHFW  vQWUH

YHFKLPHLSURGXF LH
&DOFXOXOFRHILFLHQ LORUGHFRUHOD LHDUDQJXULORU

(tabelul 25):
Tabelul 25.

Nr.
crt

Vechimea

3URGXF LD

Ranguri

(yi)

rxi

r yi

d i = rxi ryi

d i2

Pi

Qi

Si=Pi-Qi

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

(xi)
1
6
12
15
18
19
19
23
24
24
32

2
48
52
53
55
58
68
62
57
72
67

3
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8

4
1
2
3
4
6
9
7
5
10
8

5
0
0
0
0
-1
-4
1
2
-3
0

6
0
0
0
0
1
16
1
4
9
0

7
9
8
7
6
4
1
2
2
0
0

8
0
0
0
0
1
3
1
0
1
0

9
9
8
7
6
3
-2
1
2
-1
0

Total

d i =31

Pi=39

Qi=6

Si =33

vQPXQF

coeficient Spearman (rS):

6 d i2
6 31
rS = 1 3
= 1 3
= 0,812
n n
10 10

coeficient Kendall (rK):

2S
2 33
66
rK = 2
= 2
=
= 0,73
n n 10 10 90

9DORDUHD FRHILFLHQ LORU DUDW  F  H[LVW  R OHJ WXU  GLUHFW  GHVWXO GH SXWHUQLF  vQWUH FHOH GRX 
YDULDELOHLvQDFHVWFD]VHYHULILF UHOD LD

6.2. &RUHOD

rK < rS.

LDSHED]DGDWHORUJUXSDWHFRPELQDW

Grupe de muncitori
GXS YHFKLPH[i)
0
2-8
8-14
14-20
20-26
26-32
32-38
Total (n.j)

din tabelul 26.

6XEJUXSHGHPXQFLWRULGXS

41-48
1
1
2
3

48-55
2
3
2
2
1
8

55-62
3
7
6
13

SURGXF LH\i

62-69
4
3
3
4
1
11

)
69-76
5
1
1
2

76-83
6
1
2
3

Tabelul 26.
Total
(ni.)
7
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

Metode simple
0HWRGDWDEHOXOXLGHFRUHOD LH

vezi tabelul 26.).

'DF YDORULOHFHORUGRX YDULDELOH;L<VXQWRUGRQDWHFUHVF WRULDUIUHFYHQ HOHFRQGL LRQDWH

nij WLQG V

 VH RUGRQH]H vQ

jurul diagonalei (stnga sus  GUHDSWD MRV UH]XOW

 F  H[LVW  R OHJ WXU 

GLUHFW 

0HWRGDJUXS

ULL

6HFDOFXOHD] PHGLLOHGHJUXS FRQGL LRQDWH

yi ):

y1 = 49,75 buc/muncitor
y 2 = 48 buc/muncitor
y3 = 59,083 buc/muncitor
y 4 = 61,045 buc/muncitor
y5 = 69 buc/muncitor
y 6 = 74,83 buc/muncitor
6H REVHUY  F  SH P VXU  FH FUHWH YHFKLPHD vQ PXQF  L SURGXF LD PHGLH DUH R WHQGLQ

 GH

FUHWHUH5H]XOW F H[LVW ROHJ WXU GLUHFW 

0HWRGDJUDILF

(vezi diagrama norului de puncte -ILJ*UDILFXOVXJHUHD]

OHJ WXULGLUHFWHLOLQLDUH

Metode analitice
Metoda regresiei liniare:
Y x i = a + bxi
6LVWHPXOGHHFXD LLQRUPDOHHVWH

na + b xi ni. = y j n. j

i
i =1

a xi ni. + b xi2 ni. = xi y j nij

i
i
i
j

H[LVWHQ D XQHL

'DWHOHQHFHVDUHFDOFXO ULLFHORUGRLSDUDPHWULVXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQWDEHOXO

Tabelul 27.
Nr.
crt.

xi

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total

ni.

xi ni.

x i n i.

yj

n. j

y j n. j

y j n. j

1
5
11
17
23
29
35

2
4
4
12
11
6
3

3
20
44
204
253
174
105

4
100
484
3468
5819
5046
3675

5
44,5
51,5
58,5
65,5
72,5
79,5

6
3
8
13
11
2
3

7
133,5
412,0
760,5
720,5
145,0
238,5

8
5940,75
21218,0
44489,25
47192,75
10512,5
18960,75

ni. = 40

xini.=800

x i ni.=18592

40

yjn.j=410

y j n.j=148314

xi y j nij
j

9
995
2112
12056
15444,5
12006
7857,5

xi y j nij = 50463
i

6LVWHPXOGHHFXD LL

40a + 800b = 2410

800a + 18592b = 50468

xi2 ni. y j n. j xi ni. xi y j nij

2410 18592 800 50468

=
= 42,75
a=
2
2
40 18952 800 2
n xi ni. ( xi ni. )
n xi y j nij y j n. j xi ni. 40 50468 2410 800
=
= 0,875
b=
2
40 18952 800 2
n xi2 ni. ( xi ni. )

b > 0 OHJ

WXUDGLUHFW 

)XQF LDGHUHJUHVLHHVWH

Y x i = 42,75 + 0,875xi
Valorile teoretice ale pURGXF LHLGHWHUPLQDWHGHYHFKLPHVXQW
Y X1 = 47,125
Y X 2 = 52,375
Y X 3 = 57,625
Y X 4 = 62,875
Y X 5 = 68,125
Y X 6 = 73,375
0HWRGHOHGHP VXUDUHDLQWHQVLW

LLOHJ

WXULL

0HWRGDFRHILFLHQWXOXLGHFRUHOD LH

ry / x =
=

n xi y j nij xi ni. y j n. j

[n x n

2
i i.

][

( xi ni. ) n y 2j n. j

40 50468 2410 800

103680 124460

= 0,7986

5H]XOW F OHJ WXUDHVWHSXWHUQLF LGLUHFW 

( y j n. j )2 ]

ry/x > 0).

0HWRGDUDSRUWXOXLGHFRUHOD LHOLQLDU

'DWHOHQHFHVDUHFDOFXO ULLDFHVWXLLQGLFDWRUVXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQWDEHOXO

28..

Tabelul 28.

yj

Y xi
0
47,125
52,375
57,625
62,875
68,125
73,375
2

(yj-Y X i )

nij

(yj - y )2n.j

51,5
2
57,4218
1,5312
75,0312
129,3906
263,3748

58,5
3
5,3593
114,8437
120,203

65,5
4
186,0468
20,6718
27,5625
62,0156
296,2967

72,5
5
92,6406
19,1406
111,7812

79,5
6
129,3906
75,0312
204,4218

744,186

612,496

39,806

303,182

300,124

1111,686

Ry / x = 1

(y j Yx )2 nij
(y j y )2 n. j

Ry / x = 1

1126,997
= 0,63779 = 0,7986
3111,48

Deci ry/x = Ry/x

(y j Yx ) nij
2

44,5
1
6,8906
124,0312
130,9218

7
64,3124
125,5624
266,4377
357,5467
176,0937
137,0468
(yj Yxi)2nij=
=1126,9997
(yj - y )2n. j=
=3111,48

FRUHOD LHOLQLDU GLUHFW LLQWHQV 

3URSRU LD vQ FDUH SURGXF LD HVWH LQIOXHQ DW  GH YHFKLPH VH FDOFXOHD]  FX FRHILFLHQWXO GH

GHWHUPLQD LH

R 2y / x .
R y2 / x = (0,7986)2 = 0,6377 sau 63,78%

QFHOHGRX YDULDQWHGDWHQHJUXSDWHLGDWHJUXSDWHOHJ WXUDHVWHSXWHUQLF LGHWL

p liniar.