Symposium Electronic Tools in Biblical Hebrew Teaching and Researchers

Amsterdam, 2 May 2013

The Bible as Data. Attempts to proceed from linguistic analysis to textual

interpretation. The example of Exodus 16
Eep Talstra

1. Introduction
Sorting, searching and simulation

2. Computer-assisted analysis: the development of objectives and

experiences
2.1. Sorting data. Based on surface text or limited linguistic analysis
2.1.1. various words and phrases referring to the people
2.1.2. various phrases referring to the presence of God
2.1.3 from sorting to searching
2.2. Searching by queries in analyzed data.
2.2.1 Exodus 16:28 Question: How long? + Qatal
2.2.2 Exodus 16.6 Fronted subject
2.2.3 Exodus 16:6, 12 WeQatal clauses in direct speech
2.2.4 Exodus 16:20 To listen + PP or + Obj. sfx.
2.3. Visualization of data. In search for presentations of processes of
communication in textual structure

3. Biblical texts. The complex world of language and literature, analysis and
interpretation
3.1. The complex plot of Exodus 16
3.1.1 Text division of the Hebrew text in MT
3.1.2 Text divisions in scholarly research and in text syntactic analysis
3.2. Participant analysis and textual structure
3.2.1 Exodus 16:2-3
3.2.2 Exodus 16:9
3.2.3 Exodus 16:11-12
3.3. Language of communication between participants
(You, he, I) brought (us, you) out of Egypt
3.3.1 Exodus 16: 3
3.3.2 Exodus 16: 6
3.3.3 Exodus 16:12
3.3.4 Exodus 16.32

4. Conclusions
4.1. Literary analysis and linguistic data
4.1.1. Plot and the flow of information
4.1.2. Theology and themes
4.2. Method of computer assisted research
4.2.1. program development
4.2.2. Teaching experience

1. Introduction

Exodus 16: selected lines

1 EXO 16,01 3plM Way0

[W-<Cj>] [JS<W <Pr>] [M->JLM <Co>]

2 EXO 16,01 3plM WayX

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6 EXO 16,02 3plM WayX

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And departed from Elim

[W-<Cj>] [JB>W <Pr>] [KL <DT BNJ JFR>L <Su>] [>L MDBR SJN <Co>]
|

and came all of the congregation of the children of Israel in the

|
wilderness of Sin.
[W-<Cj>] [JLJNW <Pr>] [KL <DT BNJ JFR>L <Su>] [<L MCH W-<L >HRN
<Co>] [B--MDBR <Lo>]

And complained all of the congregation of the children of Israel

against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness

7 EXO 16,03 3plM WayX

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and said to them the children of Israel

12 EXO 16,03 2plM xQtl

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------------------------------------------------------| (we better had died in Egypt)

|[KJ <Cj>] [HWY>TM <Pr>] [>TNW <Ob>] [>L H-MDBR H-ZH <Co>]

13 EXO 16,03 ---- InfC

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| for you have brought us out into this desert

|[L-HMJT <Pr>] [>T KL H-QHL H-ZH <Ob>] [B--R<B <Aj>]

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| to let die all of this community with hunger.

-------------------------------------------------------

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|[W-<Cj>] [J>MR <Pr>] [JHWH <Su>] [>L MCH <Co>]

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14 EXO 16,04 3sgM WayX

15 EXO 16,04 -sgM PtcA

[W-<Cj>] [J>MRW <Pr>] [>LHM <Co>] [BNJ JFR>L <Su>]

And said YHWH to Moses

-----------------------------------------------------|HNNJ <Is>] [MMVJR <PC>] [LKM <Co>] [LXM <Ob>]
| [MN H-CMJM <Aj>]
|

Watch me letting rain for you bread from the heaven

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-----------------------------------------------------[W-<Cj>] [J>MR <Pr>] [MCH W->HRN <Su>] [>L KL BNJ JFR>L <Co>]

26 EXO 16,06 3sgM WayX

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27 EXO 16,06 ---- NmCl

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28 EXO 16,06 2plM WQtl

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that YHWH himself has brought you out of the land Egypt
-----------------------------------------------------------. . . .

29 EXO 16,06 3sgM xQtl

And said Moses and Aaron to all of the children of Israel

-----------------------------------------------------------| [<RB <PC>]

When it is evening
[W-<Cj>] [JD<TM <Pr>]

then you will know

[KJ <Cj>] [JHWH <Su>] [HWYJ> <Pr>] [>TKM <Ob>]
[M->RY MYRJM <Co>]

|
[W-<Cj>] [JDBR <Pr>] [JHWH <Su>] [>L MCH <Co>]

56 EXO 16,11 3sgM WayX

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|

And spoke YHWH to Moses

58 EXO 16,12 1sg- 0Qtl

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59 EXO 16,12 2sgM Impv

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| I have heard the complaints

| [DBR <Pr>] [>LHM <Co>]

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63 EXO 16,12 2plM WQtl

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64 EXO 16,12 ---- NmCl

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|[W-<Cj>] [J>MR <Pr>] [JHWH <Su>] [>L MCH <Co>]

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136EXO 16,28 3sgM WayX

|-------------------------------------------------------------| [CM<TJ <Pr>] [>T TLWNT BNJ JFR>L <Ob>]

of the children of Israel

Speak to them
---------------------------------------------------------| [W-<Cj>] [B--BQR <Ti>] [TFB<W <Pr>] [LXM <Ob>]

And in the morning you will be satisfied with bread.

[W-<Cj>] [JD<TM <Pr>]

so that you will know

[KJ <Cj>] [>NJ <Su>] [JHWH / >LHJKM <ap><PC>]

that I am YHWH your God

And said YHWH to Moses
---------------------------------------------------------

How long now have you refused to keep my commandments

2.Computer-assisted analysis: the development of objectives and

experiences.
1.sorting of lexical data (classical focus: words and authors)
2.searching of grammatical data (text grammatical focus: syntax and text structure)
3.visualization of text data. (discourse focus: information, plot and reader)
2.1. Sorting data. Based on surface text or restricted linguistic analysis.
(sorting of the elementary data in the data base)
2.1.1. various words and phrases referring to the people.
Sorting QHL and <DH in the book of Exodus
QHL/

community

EXO 12,06 [W-<Cj>] [CXVW <Pr>] [>TW <Ob>] [KL ?QHL? <DT JFR>L <Su>]
[BJN H-<RBJM <Ti>]
EXO 16,03 [L-HMJT <Pr>] [>T KL H-?QHL? H-ZH <Ob>] [B--R<B <Aj>]

<DH/

15

congregation

EXO 12,03 [DBRW <Pr>] [>L KL ?<DT? JFR>L <Co>]

EXO 12,06 [W-<Cj>] [CXVW <Pr>] [>TW <Ob>] [KL QHL ?<DT? JFR>L <Su>] [BJN H-<RBJM
<Ti>]
EXO 12,19 [W-<Cj>] [NKRTH <Pr>] [H-NPC H-HW> <Su>] [M-?<DT? JFR>L <Co>] [B--GR
W-B->ZRX H->RY <Mo>]
EXO 12,47 [KL ?<DT? JFR>L <Su>] [J<FW <Pr>] [>TW <Ob>]
EXO 16,01 [W-<Cj>] [JB>W <Pr>] [KL ?<DT? BNJ JFR>L <Su>] [>L MDBR SJN <Co>]
EXO 16,02 [W-<Cj>] [JLJNW <Pr>] [KL ?<DT? BNJ JFR>L <Su>] [<L MCH W-<L >HRN
<Co>] [B--MDBR <Lo>]
EXO 16,09 [>MR <Pr>] [>L KL ?<DT? BNJ JFR>L <Co>]
EXO 16,10 [K-DBR <Pr>] [>HRN <Su>] [>L KL ?<DT? BNJ JFR>L <Co>]
EXO 16,22 [W-<Cj>] [JB>W <Pr>] [KL NFJ>J H-?<DH? <Su>]
EXO 17,01 [W-<Cj>] [JS<W <Pr>] [KL ?<DT? BNJ JFR>L <Su>] [M-MDBR SJN <Co>]
[L-MS<JHM <Co>] [<L PJ JHWH <Aj>]
EXO 34,31 [W-<Cj>] [JCBW <Pr>] [>LJW <Co>] [>HRN W-KL H-NF>JM / B--?<DH? <sp><Su>]
EXO 35,01 [W-<Cj>] [JQHL <Pr>] [MCH <Su>] [>T KL ?<DT? BNJ JFR>L <Ob>]
EXO 35,04 [W-<Cj>] [J>MR <Pr>] [MCH <Su>] [>L KL ?<DT? BNJ JFR>L <Co>]
EXO 35,20 [W-<Cj>] [JY>W <Pr>] [KL ?<DT? BNJ JFR>L <Su>] [M-L-PNJ MCH <Co>]
EXO 38,25 [W-<Cj>] [KSP PQWDJ H-?<DH? <Su>] [M>T KKR W->LP W-CB< M>WT W-XMCH
W-CB<JM CQL <PC>] [B-CQL H-QDC <Aj>]

2.1.2. various phrases referring to the presence of God.

EXO 16,09 [QRBW <Pr>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Co>]

Come near to the presence of YHWH

EXO 16,33 [W-<Cj>] [HNX <Pr>] [>TW <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Co>] [L-MCMRT /
L-DRTJKM <sp><Aj>]

And place it in the presence of Yhwh to be preserved for your generations

,

EXO 16,34 [W-<Cj>] [JNJXHW <PO>] [>HRN <Su>] [L-?PNJ? H-<DT <Aj>] [L-MCMRT
<Aj>]

And Aaron placed it in the presence of Covenant (edut) to be preserved

,

Sorting <DWT and PNH in the book of Exodus.

Needed: a concordance of phrases
<DWT/

21

document of the covenant

EXO 16,34 [W-<Cj>] [JNJXHW <PO>] [>HRN <Su>] [L-PNJ H-?<DT? <Aj>] [L-MCMRT
<Aj>]
EXO 25,16 [W-<Cj>] [NTT <Pr>] [>L H->RN <Co>] [>T H-?<DT? <Ob>]
EXO 25,21 [W-<Cj>] [>L H->RN <Co>] [TTN <Pr>] [>T H-?<DT? <Ob>]
EXO 25,22 [>CR <Re>] [<L >RN H-?<DT? <PC>]
EXO 26,33 [W-<Cj>] [HB>T <Pr>] [CMH <Co>] [M-BJT L--PRKT <Aj>] [>T >RWN H-?<DWT?
<Ob>]
EXO 26,34 [W-<Cj>] [NTT <Pr>] [>T H-KPRT <Ob>] [<L >RWN H-?<DT? <Co>] [B-QDC
H-QDCJM <Lo>]
EXO 27,21 [>CR <Re>] [<L H-?<DT? <PC>]
EXO 30,06 [>CR <Re>] [<L >RN H-?<DT? <PC>]
EXO 30,06 [>CR <Re>] [<L H-?<DT? <PC>]
EXO 30,26 [W-<Cj>] [MCXT <Pr>] [BW <Co>] [>T >HL MW<D W->T >RWN H-?<DT? <Ob>]
EXO 30,36 [W-<Cj>] [NTTH <Pr>] [MMNH <Co>] [L-PNJ H-?<DT? <Lo>] [B->HL MW<D
<Lo>]
EXO 31,07 [>T >HL MW<D W->T H->RN <Ob>] [L--?<DT? / W-/ >T H-KPRT <pa><cj><Co>]
EXO 31,18 [CNJ LXT H-?<DT? / LXT >BN <ap><Su>]
EXO 32,15 [W-<Cj>] [CNJ LXT H-?<DT? <Su>] [B-JDW / LXT <sp><PC>]
EXO 34,29 [W-<Cj>] [CNJ LXT H-?<DT? <Su>] [B-JD MCH <PC>]
EXO 38,21 [>LH <Su>] [PQWDJ H-MCKN / MCKN H-?<DT? <ap><PC>]
EXO 39,35 [>T >RN H-?<DT? W->T BDJW W->T H-KPRT <Ob>]
EXO 40,03 [W-<Cj>] [FMT <Pr>] [CM <Co>] [>T >RWN H-?<DWT? <Ob>]
EXO 40,05 [W-<Cj>] [NTTH <Pr>] [>T MZBX H-ZHB / L-QVRT <sp><Ob>] [L-PNJ >RWN
H-?<DT? <Co>]
EXO 40,20 [W-<Cj>] [JTN <Pr>] [>T H-?<DT? <Ob>] [>L H->RN <Co>]
EXO 40,21 [W-<Cj>] [JSK <Pr>] [<L >RWN H-?<DWT? <Co>]

PNH/

[ 128

face; front; presence

Selection: phrase in front of Yhwh

EXO 06,12
responded
EXO 06,30
before
EXO 16,09
EXO 27,21
EXO 28,12
EXO 28,29
EXO 28,30
EXO 28,30
EXO 28,35
EXO 28,37
EXO 28,38
EXO 29,10
EXO 29,11
EXO 29,23
EXO 29,24
EXO 29,25
EXO 29,26
EXO 29,42
EXO
EXO
EXO
EXO

30,06
30,06
30,08
30,16

EXO 40,23
EXO 40,25

[W-<Cj>] [JDBR <Pr>] [MCH <Su>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Aj>] Childs, p. 109:
[W-<Cj>] [J>MR <Pr>] [MCH <Su>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Aj>] Prop, 261,273: spoke
[QRBW <Pr>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Co>]
[J<RK <Pr>] [>TW <Ob>] [>HRN W-BNJW <Su>] [M-<RB <D BQR <Ti>] [L-?PNJ?
JHWH <Lo>]
[W-<Cj>] [NF> <Pr>] [>HRN <Su>] [>T CMWTM <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Co>]
[<L CTJ KTPJW <Lo>] [L-ZKRN <Aj>]
[L-ZKRN <Aj>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Lo>] [TMJD <Ti>]
[B-B>W <Ps>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Co>]
[W-<Cj>] [NF> <Pr>] [>HRN <Su>] [>T MCPV BNJ JFR>L <Ob>] [<L LBW
<Co>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Lo>] [TMJD <Ti>]
[B-B>W <Ps>] [>L H-QDC <Co>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Lo>]
[>L MWL ?PNJ? H-MYNPT <Co>] [JHJH <Pr>]
[W-<Cj>] [HJH <Pr>] [<L MYXW <Co>] [TMJD <Ti>] [L-RYWN <Aj>] [LHM
<sc>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Lo>]
[W-<Cj>] [HQRBT <Pr>] [>T H-PR <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? >HL MW<D <Lo>]
[W-<Cj>] [CXVT <Pr>] [>T H-PR <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Aj>] [PTX >HL
MW<D <Lo>]
[>CR <Re>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <PC>]
[W-<Cj>] [HNPT <Pr>] [>TM <Ob>] [TNWPH <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Co>]
[W-<Cj>] [HQVRT <Pr>] [H-MZBXH <Lo>] [<L H-<LH <Aj>] [L-RJX NJXWX
/ L-?PNJ? JHWH <sp><Co>]
[W-<Cj>] [HNPT <Pr>] [>TW <Ob>] [TNWPH <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Co>]
[<LT TMJD <PC>] [L-DRTJKM <Aj>] [PTX >HL MW<D <Lo>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH
<Co>]
[W-<Cj>] [NTTH <Pr>] [>TW <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? H-PRKT <Lo>]
[L-?PNJ? H-KPRT <Lo>]
[JQVJRNH <PO>] [QVRT TMJD <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Lo>] [L-DRTJKM <Co>]
[W-<Cj>] [HJH <Pr>] [L-BNJ JFR>L <sc>] [L-ZKRWN <Co>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH
<Lo>]
[W-<Cj>] [J<RK <Pr>] [<LJW <Co>] [<RK LXM <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Lo>]
[W-<Cj>] [J<L <Pr>] [H-NRT <Ob>] [L-?PNJ? JHWH <Lo>]

2.1.3 from sorting to searching.

Query: (et8.mql)

(prep. phrases with <DWT)

select all objects where

[clause_atom
[phrase_atom
[word first lexeme = "L"]
..
[word lexeme = "<DWT/"]
]
]

Result: (et8.res)
EXO 16,34
EXO 30,36
EXO 31,07
EXO 40,05
NUM 01,53
NUM 09,15
NUM 17,19
NUM 17,25
MERIJ
NUM 18,02
PS025,010
NEH 09,34
IICHR24,06

WAJ.AN.IJX;HW. >AH:AROn LIP:N;J H@<;DUT L:MIC:M@RET

W:N@TAT.@H MIM.EN.@H LIP:N;J H@<;DUT B.:>OHEL MOW<;D
>;T >OHEL MOW<;D W:>ET-H@>@ROn L@<;DUT W:>ET-HAK.AP.ORET
W:N@TAT.@H >ET-MIZ:B.AX HAZ.@H@B LIQ:VORET LIP:N;J >:AROWn H@<;DUT
W:HAL:WIJ.Im JAX:ANW. S@BIJB L:MIC:K.An H@<;DUT
K.IS.@H HE<@N@n >ET-HAM.IC:K.@n L:>OHEL H@<;DUT
W:HIN.AX:T.@m B.:>OHEL MOW<;D LIP:N;J H@<;DW.T
H@C;B >ET-MAV.;H >AH:AROn LIP:N;J H@<;DW.T L:MIC:MERET L:>OWT LIB:N;JW:>AT.@H W.B@NEJk@ >IT.@k: LIP:N;J >OHEL H@<;DUT
K.@L->@R:XOWT J:HW@H XESED WE>:EMET L:NOY:R;J B:RIJTOW W:<;DOT@JW
W:LO> HIQ:CIJBW. >EL-MIY:WOTEJk@ W.L:<;D:WOTEJk@
W:HAQ.@H@L L:JIF:R@>;L L:>OHEL H@<;DW.T

Aaron, manna



incense, edut


instruction: make

incense, edut



levites camp around edut



cloud covered tent edut



Moses put staffs before edut

staff Aaron before edut: sign




NUM 18,02 duties Aaron and sons


EXO
EXO
EXO
EXO
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM

16,34
30,36
31,07
40,05
01,53
09,15
17,19
17,25

With reference to covenant commandments

PS025,010

NEH 09,34


With reference to temple:
IICHR24,06

2.2. Searching by queries in analyzed data.

Some examples from the chapter Exodus 16.
2.2.1.
Question - Qatal
Ex16:28 [<D >NH <Qu>] [M>NTM <Pr>]

-

-

Until when have you now refused to keep my commandments and my instructions?

2.2.2.
Fronted subject
Ex16:06[KJ <Cj>][JHWH <Su>][HWYJ> <Pr>][>TKM <Ob>][M->RY MYRJM <Co>]

That Yhwh himself has brought you out of Egypt

2.2.3.
WeQatal, 2nd person
Ex 16:6 and 12 [W-<Cj>] [?JD<TM? <Pr>]

6.When it is evening you will know

;
-

12.And in the morning you will be satisfied with bread, so that you will know

2.2.4.
CM< + >L: accept, obey. What is the difference with CM< + sfx.? (Ex. 6:12)
EXO 16,20 [W-<Cj>] [L> <Ng>] [?CM<W? <Pr>] [>L MCH <Co>]

-
-

Ex 16:20 But they have not listened to Moses.

2.2.1.
Question - Qatal

Ex16:28 [<D >NH <Qu>] [M>NTM <Pr>]

-

-

How long is it now that you have refused to keep my commandments and my
instructions?
Search for construction with qatal
et1.mql
select all objects where
[clause_atom
[phrase_atom
[word first lexeme = "<D"]
[word lexeme = "MTJ" OR lexeme = ">N"]
]
[word tense = perfect]
]
et1.res

EXO 10,03
EXO 16,28
PS080,005

Qatal: Are you aware how long it has been the case? Do you know the facts?
Search for construction with yiqtol:
et2.mql
select all objects where
[clause_atom
[phrase_atom
[word first lexeme = "<D"]
[word lexeme = "MTJ" OR lexeme = ">N"]
]
[word tense = imperfect]
]

et2.res
Until how long is this / am I / are you going to ?
We know the facts. How long will it go on? Cf. cases of Iob
EXO
NUM
ISAM
JER

10,07
14,11
01,14
04,14





_

04,21
12,04
31,22
47,05

JER
JER
JER
JER

)Psal 13:2, first line is missing (clause_atom <> clause

PS013,002
PS013,003
PS013,003
PS062,004
PS082,002
IOB 08,02
IOB 18,02
IOB 19,02
NEH 02,06

2.2.2.
Fronted subject

Ex16:06[KJ <Cj>][JHWH <Su>][HWYJ> <Pr>][>TKM <Ob>][M->RY MYRJM <Co>]

That YHWH himself has brought you out of Egypt

Is statement about the subject, not about the action.
et3.mql
select all objects where
[clause_atom
[phrase phrase_type = PrNP AND phrase_function = Subj
[word lexeme = "JHWH/"]
]
[word
(lexeme = "JY>[" OR lexeme = "NTN[" OR lexeme = "<LH[")
AND
paradigmatic_nominal_ending = 'Not_applicable'
]
]

et3.res
EXO 09,23
EXO 16,06
EXO 16,29
DEUT03,18
RICHT04,14
IKON05,26
JES 50,04
JER 29,26

While Yhwh has sent thunder and hail

That it is Yhwh who has brought you

That it is Yhwh who has given you

Fact is: Yhwh your God has given you, but you

NRSV: The Lord himself has made you

2.2.3.
WeQatal, 2nd person
Ex 16:6 and 12 [W-<Cj>] [?JD<TM? <Pr>]

6.When it is evening you will know

Nominal Clause + WeQatal 2nd person > announcement?
;
-

12.And in the morning you will be satisfied with bread, so that you will know
Yiqtol Clause 2nd person + WeQatal 2nd person > result?
et4.mql
select all objects where
[clause_atom
[word first lexeme = "W"]
[word
tense = perfect AND
person = second_person AND
number = plural AND
lexeme = "JD<["
]
]
et4.res

EXO 06,07
EXO 10,02
EXO 16,06
EXO 16,12
NUM 14,34
NUM 16,30
DEUT11,02
JOZ 04,22
JOZ 23,14
IKON20,28

(+ frequent in Ezekiel)
(+ rendering in NRSV)
EXO 06,07
EXO 10,02
EXO 16,06
EXO 16,12
NUM 14,34
NUM 16,30
DEUT11,02
JOZ 04,22
JOZ 23,14
IKON20,28

and you shall know

so that you may know
you shall know
then you shall know
and you shall know
then you shall know
you who must acknowledge
then you shall let your children know
And you know in your hearts ..
and you shall know

2.2.4.
CM< + >L: accept, obey. What is the difference with CM< + sfx.? (Ex. 6:12)


-
-

Ex 16:20 But they have not listened to Moses

Frequent: Pharaoh does/did not listen to Moses (all:CM< + >L)
EXO 07,04. EXO 07,13. EXO 07,16, EXO 07,22,
EXO 08,11 EXO 08,15 EXO 09,12 EXO 11,09

Ex 6: 9 But they (Israel) have not listened to Moses.

[<Aj> <[ ] Co> <[ ] Pr> <[ ]Ng> <[ ]Cj>]

EXO
06,09

Ex 6:12 The children of Israel have not listened to me.

Ex 6:12 Then how would Farao pay attention to me?.
[<Co> <[ ] Pr> <[ ]Ng> <[ ]Su> ] EXO
[<Su> <[ ]PO> <[ ] Qu> <[ ] Cj> ]EXO
Ex 6:30 Then how would Farao listen to me?.
[<Su> <[ ]Co> <[ ] Pr> <[ ] Qu> <[ ] Cj> ]EXO

06,12
06,12
06,30

et5.mql

select all objects where

[clause_atom
[word
lexeme = "CM<[" AND
paradigmatic_pron_suffix ~ "^\+" AND
paradigmatic_nominal_ending = 'Not_applicable'
]
]

et5.res (+ rendering in NRSV)

GEN 17,20

As for Ismael, I have heard you (pay attention?)

GEN 23,06

Hear us, my lord

GEN 23,08

if hear me and

GEN 23,11

no .. hear me

GEN 23,13

if you only will listen to me

GEN 23,15

My lord, listen to me

EXO 06,12

how then shall farao listen to me

DEUT01,17

Any case I will hear it

Hifil:
DEUT04,10
DEUT04,36

2.3. Visualization of data. In search for presentations of processes of

communication in textual structure.
Verse 3 Peoples complaint:
You, Moses and Aaron did bring us out into this desert. But why die here?
Verse 6 Moses and Aaron react:
This evening, you will understand that YHWH himself brought you from Egypt.
Verse 12 YHWH reacts:
In the morning, you will be satisfied with bread,
so that you will understand that I am YHWH, your God.
Verse 32 YHWHs instruction:
Keep a sample of the manna. Then next generations will be reminded that I,
YHWH, did bring you from Egypt.
Level 1: Sorting
Concordance: collect JY> and <LH (hif.). selection to be made by reader.
With the verb JY>:
By Moses:
EXO 03,10 [W-<Cj>] [?HWY>? <Pr>] [>T <MJ / BNJ JFR>L <ap><Ob>] [M-MYRJM <Co>]
EXO 03,11 [W-<Cj>] [KJ <Cj>] [?>WYJ>? <Pr>] [>T BNJ JFR>L <Ob>] [M-MYRJM <Co>]
EXO 03,12 [B-?HWYJ>K? <PO>] [>T H-<M <Ob>] [M-MYRJM <Co>]

By Yhwh
EXO 06,06 [W-<Cj>] [?HWY>TJ? <Pr>] [>TKM <Ob>] [M-TXT SBLT MYRJM <Co>]
EXO 06,07 [H-<Re>] [?MWYJ>? <PC>] [>TKM <Ob>] [M-TXT SBLWT MYRJM <Co>]

By Moses:
EXO 06,13 [L-?HWYJ>? <Pr>] [>T BNJ JFR>L <Ob>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>]
EXO 06,26 [?HWYJ>W? <Pr>] [>T BNJ JFR>L <Ob>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>] [<L YB>TM <Aj>]
EXO 06,27 [L-?HWYJ>? <Pr>] [>T BNJ JFR>L <Ob>] [M-MYRJM <Co>]

By Yhwh
EXO 07,04 [W-<Cj>] [?HWY>TJ? <Pr>] [>T YB>TJ / >T <MJ / BNJ JFR>L <ap><ap><Ob>]
[M->RY MYRJM <Co>] [B-CPVJM GDLJM <Aj>]
EXO 12,51 [?HWYJ>? <Pr>] [JHWH <Su>] [>T BNJ JFR>L <Ob>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>]
[<L YB>TM <Aj>]
EXO 13,03 [>CR <Re>] [?JY>TM? <Pr>] [M-MYRJM / M-BJT <BDJM <ap><Co>]
EXO 13,03 [KJ <Cj>] [B-XZQ JD <Co>] [?HWYJ>? <Pr>] [JHWH <Su>] [>TKM <Ob>]
[M-ZH <Co>]

By Moses
EXO 14,11 [L-?HWYJ>NW? <PO>] [M-MYRJM <Co>]
EXO 16,03 [KJ <Cj>] [?HWY>TM? <Pr>] [>TNW <Ob>] [>L H-MDBR H-ZH <Co>]

By Yhwh
EXO
EXO
EXO
EXO
EXO
EXO
EXO

16,06
16,27
16,29
16,32
18,01
20,02
29,46

[KJ <Cj>] [JHWH <Su>] [?HWYJ>? <Pr>] [>TKM <Ob>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>]
[B--JWM H-CBJ<J <Ti>] [?JY>W? <Pr>] [MN H-<M <Co>]
[>L <Ng>] [?JY>? <Pr>] [>JC <Su>] [M-MQMW <Co>] [B--JWM H-CBJ<J <Ti>]
[B-?HWYJ>J? <PO>] [>TKM <Ob>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>]
[KJ <Cj>] [?HWYJ>? <Pr>] [JHWH <Su>] [>T JFR>L <Ob>] [M-MYRJM <Co>]
[>CR <Re>] [?HWY>TJK? <PO>] [M->RY MYRJM / M-BJT <BDJM <ap><Co>]
[>CR <Re>] [?HWY>TJ? <Pr>] [>TM <Ob>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>]

By Moses
EXO 32,11 [>CR <Re>][?HWY>T? <Pr>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>][B-KX GDWL W-B-JD XZQH <Aj>]

By Yhwh
EXO 32,12 [B-R<H <Aj>] [?HWYJ>M? <PO>]

With the verb <LH (matter of distance?) (search for verb + MN MYRJM)
By Moses
By Moses
[>CR <Re>] [?H<LNW? <PO>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>] By Moses
[>CR <Re>] [?H<LWK? <PO>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>] By gods
[>CR <Re>] [?H<LJT? <Pr>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>] By Moses
[>CR <Re>] [?H<LWK? <PO>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>] By gods
[>CR <Re>] [?H<LNW? <PO>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>] By gods
[?<LH? <Pr>] [M-ZH <Aj>] [>TH W-H-<M <Su>] By Moses
[>CR <Re>] [?H<LJT? <Pr>] [M->RY MYRJM <Co>] By Moses

EXO 17,03 [LMH ZH <Qu>] [?H<LJTNW? <PO>] [M-MYRJM <Co>]

EXO 32,01
EXO 32,04
EXO 32,07
EXO 32,08
EXO 32,23
EXO 33,01
EXO 33,01

Level 2: Searching
Queries, is: search JY> hif. or <LH hif. in combination with the phrase: MN MYRJM
(and specify the cases according to 1st, 2nd, 3rd person)
Query:
Clauses with verb JY> (Hif) or <LH (Hif) (combined with PP: MN +
MYRJM)

Refinement by adding the phrase: from Egypt

The question by whom remains open)
et6.mql

select all objects where

[clause_atom
[word
stem = hifil AND lexeme = "JY>["
]
..
[phrase_atom phrase_atom_type = PP
[word lexeme = "MYRJM/"]
]
]

et6.res

(M: Moses)

EXO 03,10 M
EXO 03,11 M
EXO 03,12 M
EXO 06,06
EXO 06,07
EXO 06,13 M
EXO 06,26 M
EXO 06,27 M
EXO 07,04
EXO 12,17
EXO 12,39 ?

_


_







_

? EXO 12,42
EXO 12,51
EXO 13,09
EXO 13,14
EXO 13,16
EXO 14,11 M
EXO 16,06
EXO 16,32
EXO 18,01
EXO 20,02
EXO 29,46
EXO 32,11 M
LEV 19,36
LEV 22,33
LEV 23,43
LEV 25,38
LEV 25,42
LEV 25,55
LEV 26,13
LEV 26,45
NUM 15,41
NUM 20,16 A
NUM 23,22
NUM 24,08
DEUT01,27
DEUT04,20
DEUT04,37
DEUT05,06
DEUT06,12
DEUT06,21
DEUT08,14
DEUT09,12 M

] [Mozes >> Yhwh: You have ..

_

*

DEUT09,26
DEUT13,06
DEUT13,11
DEUT16,01
DEUT26,08
DEUT29,24
JOZ 24,06
RICHT02,12
ISAM 12,08
IKON08,16
IKON08,21
IKON08,51
IKON08,53
IKON09,09
JER 07,22



JER 11,04
JER 26,23
JER 31,32
JER 32,21

JER 34,13
EZE 20,06
EZE 20,09
EZE 20,10
DAN 09,15
IICHR01,17
IICHR06,05
IICHR07,22
IICHR09,28

et7.mql
select all objects where
[clause_atom
[word
"[stem = hifil AND lexeme = "<LH
]
..
[phrase_atom phrase_atom_type = PP
]"[word lexeme = "MYRJM/
]
]

et7.res

EXO 03,17
EXO 08,01
EXO 08,03
EXO 17,03
EXO 32,01
EXO 32,04
EXO 32,07
EXO 32,08
EXO 32,23
EXO 33,01
LEV 11,45
NUM 20,05
NUM 21,05
DEUT20,01
JOZ 24,17
JOZ 24,32
RICHT02,01
RICHT06,08
ISAM 08,08
ISAM 10,18
ISAM 12,06
IISA 07,06
IKON12,28
IIKON17,07
IIKON17,36
JER 02,06
JER 11,07
JER 16,14
JER 23,07
HOS 12,14
AMOS 02,10
AMOS 03,01
AMOS 09,07
MICH06,04
PS081,011
NEH 09,18

3. Biblical texts: the complex world of language and literature, analysis and
interpretation
3.1. The complex plot of Exodus 16.
3.1.1 Text division of the Hebrew text in MT
Setuma ( ) after vs 3 God speaks in vs 4

-

Setuma ( ) after vs 5 (closing Gods speech)
Petucha( ) after vs 10 God speaks in 11



-
Setuma ( ) after vs 27 God speaks in vs 28

-

3.1.2 Text divisions in scholarly research and in text syntactic analysis
According to theme: despair and liberation (C.Houtman)
Verse 1: Situation, 2-12: Hunger and promise; 13-15 liberation, 16-21(manna); 22-30
(Sabbath), 31-36 (various topics)
According to text syntactic signs:
- clause type with explicit subject: WayyiqtolX or WeXQatal
- sets of participants: explicit or by pronominal reference
- lexical or referential connections.
(move from theme to text syntax: allow for analysis of participants)
1 EXO 16,01 3plM Way0

[W-<Cj>] [JS<W <Pr>] [M->JLM <Co>]

2 EXO 16,01 3plM WayX

|
|
|

6 EXO 16,02 3plM WayX

|
|

And departed from Elim

[W-<Cj>] [JB>W <Pr>] [KL <DT BNJ JFR>L <Su>] [>L MDBR SJN <Co>]
|

7 EXO 16,03 3plM WayX

|
|

|
|

14 EXO 16,04 3sgM WayX

|
|
|
|
|

|
|
|
|
|

26 EXO 16,06 3sgM WayX

|
|
|
|
|
|

and came all of the congregation of the children of Israel in the

|
wilderness of Sin.
P1
[W-<Cj>] [JLJNW <Pr>] [KL <DT BNJ JFR>L <Su>] [<L MCH W-<L >HRN

And complained all of the congregation of the children of Israel

against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness P1 + P2
[W-<Cj>] [J>MRW <Pr>] [>LHM <Co>] [BNJ JFR>L <Su>]

and said to them the children of Israel

P1 + P2 (pron)

| ------------------------------------------------------| |
| ------------------------------------------------------[W-<Cj>] [J>MR <Pr>] [JHWH <Su>] [>L MCH <Co>]

|
Then said YHWH to Moses
P2 + P3
|
-----------------------------------------------------|
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------[W-<Cj>] [J>MR <Pr>] [MCH W->HRN <Su>] [>L KL BNJ JFR>L <Co>]
|

And said Moses and Aaron to all of the children of Israel

P1 + P2

3.2. Participant analysis and textual structure

3.2.1 Exodus 16:2-3
Narrative layer:
|02

[And] [complained{24}] [all of the congr. of the ch. of Isr.{25}] [against M. and A.{29}]

|03 [And] [said {33}] [to them{34}] [the children of Israel {35}]
|
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----|
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +
|
|
|

|[ 2] Lv:1 Speaker:{35}children of Isr. Audience:{34}3pM:them

|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +

|
|

|
|

| Sender:{ 39}1pC:us Addressee:{ 52}2pM: bring out

|
+................................................................................... +

|
|

|03

|03

|03

|03

|03

|
|

[Who] [would allow]

[us {39} to die{38} [by the hand of YHWH] [in the land of Egypt]
[with us {45} staying{44}] [at the cooking pot of meat]
[with us {49} eating] [bread] [until satisfaction]
[For] [you have brought out {52}] [us {53} ] [into this desert]
[to kill {56} all of this community {57} with hunger ]

|03
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +

|
|

3.2.2 Exodus 16:9.

Exodus 16: 9 > Mozes > Aaron > Israel [about Yhwh]
+.................................................................................+
|09 [W.1.-<Cj>] [J>MR.2.{140} <Pr>] [MCH.3.{141} <Su>] [>L.4.{142} >HRN.5. <Co>] |
|
And Moses said to Aaron
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|[10] D: 6 Lv:1 Speaker:{141}?sM:MCH=/ Audience:{142}?sM:>L >HRWN/
|
|
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| (Sender not marked) AddrSg:{143}2sM:>MR[
|
|
|
+.........................................................................+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|09 [>MR.1.{143} <Pr>][>L.2.{144}KL.3.{146}<DT.4.{145}BNJ.5.JFR {147}<Co>]|
|
|
|
You say to all of the congregation of the children of Israel
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|[11] D:7 Lv:2 Speaker:{143}2sM:>MR[ Audience:{144}?sC:>L KL/ <DH/|
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
| (Sender not marked) AddrPl:{148}2pM:QRB[
|
|
|
|
|
+.................................................................+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|09 [QRBW.1.{148} <Pr>] [L.2.{149}-PNJ.3. JHWH.4.{150} <Co>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Come near in front of YHWH
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|09 [KJ.1. <Cj>][CM<.2.{151}<Pr>][>T.3.{152} TLNTJKM.4.{153}<Ob>] |
|
|
|
|
|
For he has heard your complaints
|
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

3.2.3 Exodus 16:11-12

Exodus 16:11-12 YHWH > Mozes: [=YHWH > Israel]
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|11 [W.1.-<Cj>] [JDBR.2.{167} <Pr>] [JHWH.3.{168} <Su>] [>L.4.{169} MCH.5. <Co>] |
|
And YHWH spoke to Moses
|
|
|
|11 [L.1.{170}->MR.2. <Pr>]
|
|
in saying
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|[13] D: 8 Lv:1 Speaker:{168}?sM:JHWH/ Audience:{169}?sM:>L MCH=/
|
|
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| SenderSg:{171}1sC:CM<[ AddrSg:{175}2sM:DBR[
|
|
|
+.........................................................................+
|
|
|12 [CM<TJ.1.{171} <Pr>] [>T.2.{172} TLWNT.3. BNJ.4.{174} JFR>L.5.
|
|
|
|
I have heard the complaints of the children of Israel
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|12 [DBR.1.{175} <Pr>] [>LHM.2.{176} <Co>]
|
|
|
|
speak to them
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|12 [L.1.{177}->MR.2. <Pr>]
|
|
|
|
in saying
|
|
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|[14] D: 9 Lv:2 Speaker:{175}2sM:DBR[ Audience:{176}3pM:sfx
|
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
| SenderSg:{185}1sC:>NJ AddrPl:{179}2pM:>KL[
|
|
|
|
|
+.................................................................+
|
|
|
|
|12 [BJN.1.{178}H.2.<RBJM.3.<Ti>][T>KLW.4.{179}<Pr>][BFR.5.{}<Ob>]|
|
|
|
|
|
between the evenings you will eat meat
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|12 [W.1.<Cj>][B.2.{181}-.3.BQR.4.<Ti>][TFB<W.5.{182}<Pr>]LXM.6. |
|
|
|
|
|
And in the morning you will be satisfied with bread
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|12 [W.1.-<Cj>] [JD<TM.2.{184} <Pr>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
so that you will know
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|12 [KJ.1.<Cj>][>NJ.2.{185}<Su>][JHWH.3.{186}/>LHJKM.4.<ap><PC>] |
|
|
|
|
|
that I am YHWH your God
|
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

3.3. language of communication between participants

Verse 3

You (pl) have brought us into this desert.

-
-

Verse 6

You will understand that YHWH has brought you out of Egypt.
.

Verse 12

You will understand that I am YHWH, your God.

Verse 32

as a reminder to the next generations, so that they see the bread ..

when I, YHWH brought you out of Egypt.

3.1 Exodus 16: 3

You (pl) have brought us into this desert
Text
Narrative:
All of the congregation of the children of Israel complained against Moses and Aaron.
And said to them the children of Israel
DirSpeech:
You (pl) have brought us into this desert
Participants
|02 [W.1.-<Cj>] [JLJNW.2.{24} <Pr>] [KL.3.{25} <DT.4.{28} BNJ.5.{27} JFR>L.6.{26} <Su>]
|
|
[<L.7.{29}{30} MCH.8. W.9.->HRN.10.{31} |
|03 [W.1.-<Cj>] [J>MRW.2.{33} <Pr>] [>LHM.3.{34} <Co>] [BNJ.4.{35} JFR>L.5.{36} <Su>]
|
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|[ 2] D: 2 Lv:1 Speaker:{ 35}?sC:BN/ JFR>L/ Audience:{ 34}3pM:sfx
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| SenderPl:{ 39}1pC:sfx AddrPl:{ 52}2pM:JY>[
|
|
|
+....................................................................................+
|
|
|03 [MJ.1. <Qs>] [JTN.2.{37} <Pr>]
|
|
|
|03 [MWTNW.1.{38}{39} <Ps>] [B.2.{40}-JD.3. JHWH.4.{41} <Aj>] [B.5.{42}->RY.6.
|
|
|
|
MYRJM.7.{43} <Lo>] |
|
|
|03 [B.1.{44}-CBTNW.2.{45} <Ps>] [<L.3.{46} SJR.4. H.5.{47}-BFR.6. <Co>]
|
|
|
|03 [B.1.{48}->KLNW.2.{49} <Ps>] [LXM.3.{50} <Ob>] [L.4.{51}-FB<.5. <Aj>]
|
|
|
|03 [KJ.1. <Cj>] [HWY>TM.2.{52} <Pr>] [>TNW.3.{53} <Ob>] [>L.4.{54} H.5.{55}-MDBR.6. |
|
|
|
H.7.-ZH.8. <Co>]|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|

Information
Children of Israel: 25 = 35 = 39 = 45 .
Moses and Aaron: 29 = 34 = 52
[Children of Israel. >> Moses and Aaron
[We >> You (pl)
[You have brought us into this desert]
]
]

Result
You (Moses and Aaron) have brought us (children of Israel) into this desert.
-( Moses and Aaron)
( children of Israel) -

3.3.2 Exodus 16: 6

You will understand that YHWH has brought you out of Egypt
[Moses and Aaron
[We >> You
[You
out
]
]

>> children of Israel

(pl)
will understand that YHWH himself has brought you
of Egypt]

You will understand

that YHWH (subject) himself has brought you (children of Israel) out of Egypt.
( Subject) ( children of Israel .

3.3.3 Exodus 16:12

Verse 12

You will understand that I am YHWH, your God.

[YHWH >> Moses

[Moses = YHWH >> children of Israel
[You will understand that I (Yhwh) am YHWH, your God]
]
]

You (children of Israel) will understand

that I (YHWH) am YHWH, your (children of Israel) God.
(children of Israel) ( Yhwh)

3.3.4 Exodus 16.32

.as a reminder to the next generations, so that they see the bread ..
when I, YHWH brought you out of Egypt.

|32 [W.1.-<Cj>] [J>MR.2.{414} <Pr>] [MCH.3.{415} <Su>]
|
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|[31] D:18 Lv:1 Speaker:{415}?sM:MCH=/ Audience:{ 0}
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
+....................................................................................+
|
|
|32 [ZH.1. <Su>] [H.2.{416}-DBR.3. <PC>]
|
|
|
|32 [>CR.1. <Re>] [YWH.2.{417} <Pr>] [JHWH.3.{418} <Su>]
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|[32] D:19 Lv:2 Speaker:{418}?sM:JHWH/ Audience:{424}2pM:sfx
|
|
|
|
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
| SenderSg:{427}1sC:>KL[ AddrPl:{424}2pM:sfx
|
|
|
|
|
+............................................................................+
|
|
|
|
|32 [ML>.1.{419} H.2.{420}-<MR.3. / MMNW.4.{421} <sp><Su>] [L.5.{422}-MCMRT.6|
|
|
|
|
|
<PC>] [L.7.{423}-DRTJKM.8.{424} |
|
|
|
|
|32 [LM<N.1. <Cj>] [JR>W.2.{425} <Pr>] [>T.3.{426} H.4.-LXM.5. <Ob>]
|
|
|
|
|
|32 [>CR.1. <Re>] [H>KLTJ.2.{427} <Pr>] [>TKM.3.{428} <Ob>] [B.4.{429}-.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-MDBR.6. <Lo>] |
|
|
|
|
|32 [B.1.{430}-HWYJ>J.2.{431} <PO>] [>TKM.3.{432} <Ob>] [M.4.{433}->RY.5.
|
|
|
|
|
|
MYRJM.6.{434} <Co>] |
|
|
|
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|

[Moses >> (children of Israel)

[Yhwh >> you (children of Israel)
[When I brought you out of Egypt]
]
]

when I, YHWH brought you out of Egypt.

( I, hwhY) ( children of Israel)

4. Conclusions
4.1. Literary analysis and linguistic data.
4.1.1. Plot and the flow of information. Special role of Moses
4.1.2. Theology and themes. Position of the participants: discourse
4.2. Method of computer assisted research
4.2.1. program development (beyond sorting and searching).
1. valence patterns (confronting classical lexicons)
2. functions of clause types and clause connections (confronting classical syntax)
3. participant analysis and lists of phrase patterns (confronting classical literary
analysis; segmentation of text)
4. proposal of a linguistic framework for translation and literary analysis
(visualization).
4.2.2.. Teaching experience: give access to the text as discourse