THE PASSIVE VOICE

I. NH NGHA
Mt hnh ng bao gi cng c 2 chiu: ngi hay vt gy ra hnh ng (gi l ch
ng v ngi hay vt nhn hnh ng (gi l b! ng"
VD: # t$i gi%& ' b(n b(n )c t$i gi%& '
# $ng ta *nh b +y b +y b! $ng ta *nh
# con ,-o b.t con chut con chut b! con ,-o b.t
/ 0h ng nh+n ,(nh ch t1: 2 t3ach you 4ngli5h"
/ 6! ng nh+n ,(nh hnh ng ho7c 8hi 8h$ng c ch t1: 9ou ar3 taught 4ngli5h
(by ,3"
*** Bn phi cn nhc khi quyt nh !" #$n% cu ch& 'n% h(y ) 'n% *+
,-i ./i cu c0 ,$c 1ch kh2c nh(u.
II. 34NG 5H63
789 t/ ): ; V<=:# 7)> ?@c9
7A9 t/ ): ; ):in% ; V<=:# 7(n% )> (n% ?@c9
t/ ): thay :i t;y th3o thi i<, ni (t;y th3o th= trong cu ch ng> c*c
thnh &h?n 8h*c c@ !nh trong cu"
VD: # 6i h*t ny )c h*t by gi"
Ahi5 5ong i! 5ung noB"
# 6i h*t ny C )c h*t ngy h$, Dua"
Ahi5 5ong B(! 5ung y35t3rEay"
# 6i h*t ny 5F )c h*t ngy ,ai"
Ahi5 5ong Bi.. ): 5ung to,orroB"
# 6i h*t ny v1a )c h*t"
Ahi5 5ong h(! Cu!t )::n 5ung"
# 6i h*t ny C )c h*t trGc 8hi ch%ng ta Hn"
Ahi5 5ong h(# )::n 5ung b3Ior3 B3 ca,3"
# 6i h*t ny )c h*t trGc 8hi h Hn"
Ahi5 5ong Bi.. h(*: )::n 5ung b3Ior3 th3y co,3"
# 6i h*t ny by gi ang )c h*t"
Ahi5 5ong i! ):in% 5ung noB"
# Jo gi ny ngy h$, Dua> bi h*t ny ang )c h*t"
Kt thi5 ti,3 y35t3rEay> thi5 5ong B(! ):in% 5ung"
* 3HD E: Arong c$ng thLc F5/ ): ; ):in% ; V<=:#F>
v= 5M &hLc t(& ca n nNn ngi Knh chO cho ch%ng ta chia t/ ): P hai
th=
GH:!:nt Ii,p.: v G(!t Ii,p.: , th$i"
VD: ta 8h$ng th< ni
# Ahi5 5ong Bi.. ): ):in% 5ung at thi5 ti,3 to,orroB"
Ahi5 5ong Bi.. ): 5ung at thi5 ti,3 to,orroB"
# Ahi5 5ong h(! )::n ):in% 5ung Ior 2 ,inut35"
Ahi5 5ong h(! )::n 5ung Ior 2 ,inut35"
III. 3J3H KI 5L 3MN 3HO PNG IANG 3MN B PNG
# A=, t%c t1 cu ch ng 3, lNn ?u cu b! ng l, ch t1
(,u@n t=, t%c t1> ta 7t cu hQi vGi QG+RF v QAiRF
# R& ESng c$ng thLc 789 ho7c 7A9"
3hS T: th= ca t/ ): trong cu b! ng &hTi c;ng th= vGi cu ch ng"
# U3, ch t1 cu ch ng ra cu@i cu b! ng rVi thN, Q)yF U Q)ViF Wng trGc"
XHu ch t1 cu ch ng l: p:/p.:> th:y> :*:Hy/n:> :*:Hy)/#y> n/)/#y>
!/,:/n:>WW. th= ta l)c bQ bGc ny"
# Ah3 &olic3 c(u%ht th3 robb3r y35t3rEay"
Ah3 robb3r B(! caught by th3 &olic3 y35t3rEay"
# Mr Yai h(! %i*:n h3r chilEr3n 5o,3,on3y at th3 5chool gat3"
Y3r chilEr3n h(*: )::n giv3n 5o,3 ,on3y at th3 5chool gat3 by Mr Yai"
Zo,3 ,on3y h(! )::n giv3n to h3r chilEr3n at th3 5chool gat3 by Mr Yai"
XXX 3HD E: nhYn% tH?Zn% h@p !(u y kh[n% th\ ]i !(n% cu )
'n%
8. V^ ,_t n%Y n%h`( n%a n%bn khi ]i !(n% cu ) 'n%
# Mary li835 cat5"
0at5 ar3 li83E by Mary" 7!(i9
# Y3 can r3aE [r3nch anE 4ngli5h"
[r3nch anE 4ngli5h can b3 r3aE by hi," 7!(i9
A. 5Sc tc .d 'n% tc n%uyen ,fu h(y #(nh 'n% tc
# \3 Bant t/ !:: hi, at ] o^cloc8"
# 2 r3,3,b3r #/in% it"
<. 5Sc tc .d i tc phn thn h(y i tc t?gn% h-
# _ohn coulE 533 hi,!:.h in th3 ,irror"
Hi,!:.h coulE b3 533n in th3 ,irror" 7!(i9
# \3 coulE not 533 :(ch /th:H in th3 Iog"
i(ch /th:H coulE not b3 533n in th3 Iog" 7!(i9
j. 5Sc tc i kk, t1nh tc !V hYu c0 .ien qu(n n ch& tc
# Y3 cut hi! `ng3r"
Yi5 `ng3r Ba5 cut by hi," 7!(i9
l. 'n% tc *d #(nh tc i !(u .ien kt kh[n% th\ t2ch HZi nh(u
m to h(*: ( B(!h: gi7t Du?n *o
# to h(*: ( c/.#: cT, l(nh
# to h(*: )H:(kh(!t=.unch=#inn:H: an 5*ngbtrabt@i
# to t(k: ( B(.k: i E(o
# to %i*: ( Cu,p: nhTy
n. o't !p 'n% tc kh[n% th\ ]i !(n% th\ ) 'n%
hav3> `tc5uit> r353,bl3cloo8 li83> holE> contain> ,3an> (Ei5a&&3ar> arriv3 co,3>
b3co,3> 3di5t> ha&&3n> r3,ain> 5tay> occur> ta83 &lac3> lac8> ,33t> 533,> b3long to>
eeeeee""
IV. 3J3 DqNG B PNG r3 BIs5
fhi t%c t1 ca ng t1 l g cu> g ,hnh th= )c gi l cu b! ng 7c biht> v
c i c*ch :i 5ang cu b! ng 7c biht 5au:
8. Dtn% cuu tHSc ) 'n% *ai QitF (cu l, t%c t1 gij nguyNn
# Y3 5aB that th3 &lan Ba5 u53l355"
It Ba5 533n that th3 &lan Ba5 u53l355"
# Y3 3d&lain that nothing coulE b3 Eon3"
It Ba5 3d&lain3E that nothing coulE b3 Eon3"
k vhi cwn thit> ch& n%Y c&( cu ch& 'n% c0 th\ _t n%(y !(u cu ch1nh
# Ah3 n3B5&a&3r5 5ay that th3 lri,3 Mini5t3r Bill co,3 bac8 5oon"
It i5 5aiE )y th: n:B!p(p:H! that th3 lri,3 Mini5t3r Bill co,3 bac8 5oon"
k 32ch ]i ndy Hut th?Zn% ?@c !" #$n% khi hdnh 'n% c&( cu .d tSc tc
xy H( !(u hdnh 'n% c&( cu ch1nh
# Ah3 3d&3rt5 5ay that B3 5hall hav3 a colE Bint3r"
It i5 5aiE )y th: :xp:Ht! that B3 5hall hav3 a colE Bint3r"
A. Dtn% cuu tHSc ) 'n% *ai 'n% tc n%uyen ,fu
Arong c*ch :i ny> ng t1 trong ,hnh l, t%c t1 chuy<n thnh ng t1 nguyNn
,mu v ch t1 ca cu l, t%c t1 chuy<n l, ch t1 cu ch ng"
0h%ng ta &hTi 5o 5*nh thi gian ca hnh ng trong cu l, t%c t1 v thi gian
ca hnh ng trong cu chnnh"
* Nu hdnh 'n% tH/n% cu .d tSc tc xy H( !(u hdnh 'n% cu ch1nh> t(
#tn% Qn%uyen ,fu gn U t/ VF
# Ah3y :xp:ct that th3 lr35iE3nt Bi.. arriv3 5oon"
Ah3 lr35iE3nt i5 3d&3ct3E t/ (HHi*: 5oon"
* Nu hdnh 'n% tH/n% cu .d, tSc tc xy H( ctn% .Sc *ai hdnh 'n% tH/n%
cu ch1nh> t( #tn% Qn%uyen ,fu tip #iyn U t/ ): ; V.in%F
# Ah3y !(i# that th3 lr35iE3nt B(! (HHi*in% in th3 city"
Ah3 lr35iE3nt Ba5 5aiE t/ ): (HHi*in% in th3 city"
* Nu hdnh 'n% tH/n% cu .d, tSc tc xy H( tH?ac hdnh 'n% tH/n% cu
ch1nh> t( #tn% Qn%uyen ,fu h/dn thdnh U t/ h(*: ; V<=:#F
# Ah3y !(i# that th3 lr35iE3nt h(# (HHi*:# in th3 city"
Ah3 lr35iE3nt Ba5 5aiE t/ h(*: (HHi*:# in th3 city"
XXX 34NG 5H63 5KNG zNJ5
Z
g
o J
g
o that o Z
2
o J
2
o eee
Z
2
o J
g
pto b3 oJib3Eq o (by Z
g
o to J
2 (J2 cha dTy ra 5o
vGi Jg
to b3 J
2
"ing
(J2 ang dTy ra t(i thi i<,
Jg
to hav3 oJ
2
ib3E
(J2 dTy ra trGc Jg

<. Dtn% cu tSc tc :, .en wu cu .d, ch& tc cu ch& 'n%
Xhjng ng t1 thng E;ng c*ch :i ny : (#,it> (nn/unc:> #:c.(H:> :xp.(in>
,:nti/n> p/int /ut> H:,(Hk> H:p/Ht> !t(t:> !u%%:!t>WWW
Z
g
o J
g
o that o Z
2
o J
2
oeee
Ahat o Z
2
o J
2
o pto b3 oJ
g
ib3Eq o to ,3bu5 o (by Z
g

# Mr Xa, !(i# that B3 ar3 luc8y"

Ahat B3 ar3 luc8y B(! !(i# to u5 by Mr Xa,"
# 4v3ryboEy i! %/in% t/ H:p/Ht that th3 ta58 ha5 b33n `ni5h3E"
Ahat th3 ta58 ha5 b33n `ni5h3E i! %/in% t/ ): H:p/Ht:# to u5"
V. 3J3 DqNG 5H{ PNG vHJ3
8. i !(u tSc tc .d V.in%=t/ V 7|A } |89
fhi th3o 5au t%c t1 l J"ingbto J th= ta gij nguyNn 8hi :i 5ang cu b! ng nhng
t%c t1 ca J"ingbto J (nHu c th= 8h$ng )c chO v c;ng g @i t)ng vGi ch t1

Z
g
o J
g
o r
g
o J"ingbto J o (r
2
(r
2
s r
g

r
g
o pto b3 J
g
ib3Eq o J"ingbto J o (r
2
o (by Z
g

# Zo,3on3 i! B(tchin% th3, !t:(.in% ,on3y"
Ah3y (H: ):in% B(tch:# !t:(.in% ,on3y"
# H(*: you (#*i!:# Mi55 Yoa t/ %:t ,arri3Et
H(! Mi55 Yoa )::n (#*i!:# t/ %:t ,arri3E by yout
A. i !(u tSc tc .d V.in%=t/ V 7|A U |89
fhi t%c t1 ca J"ingbto J v ch t1 cu ch t1 cu chnnh c;ng l ,t ngibvt> ta
gij nguyNn ch t1 v ng t1 ca cu chnnh v E;ng Q):in%=t/ ): ;V<=:#F cho
hnh ng ca cu l, t%c t1"
Z
g
o J
g
o r
g
o J"ingbto J o r
2
(r
2
c r
g

Z
g
o J
g
o pb3ingbto b3 o Jib3Eq o (by r
g

# Zh3 a583E u5 t/ h:.p h3r"

Zh3 a583E t/ ): h:.p:# by u5"
# Ah3y h3arE 5o,3boEy )(ck)itin% th3, in th3 cla55"
Ah3y h3arE ):in% )(ck)itt:n in th3 cla55"
* 3HD E: tnnh t1 hay Eanh t1 i 5au t%c t1 &hTi gij nguyNn 8hi :i 5ang cu b! ng"
# \3 &aint3E th3 Eoor gr33n"
Ah3 Eoor Ba5 &aint3E gr33n"
# 2 con5iE3r3E it a 5ha,3"
2t i5 con5iE3r3E a 5ha,3"
<. 5h$ 'n% *ai Q~i5F

l3t o r
g
o J(# to o r
2
(r
2
s r
g

# 2 l3t you ,::t h3r"

2 l3t h3r ): ,:t by you"
# 0an you l3t ,3 .//k (t ,y boo8t
0an you l3t ,y boo8 ): .//k:# (t by ,3t

l3t o r
g
o J(# to o r
2
(r
2
c Z
g

# \3 Bon^t l3t h3t h:.p u5"

\3 Bon^t l3t our53lv35 ): h:.p:# by h3r"
# Y3 ,ay l3t your Iri3nE5 (!k hi, 5o,3 Du35tion5"
Y3 ,ay l3t hi,53lI ): (!k:# 5o,3 Du35tion5 by your Iri3nE5"
l3t o r o J(#to
# 2 l3t th3, 5l33&"
Ah3y ar3 l3t 5l33& by ,3"
# Zh3 l3t ,3 5tay at ho,3 y35t3rEay"
2 Ba5 l3t 5tay at ho,3 y35t3rEay by h3r"
VI. 3J3 3N 5D3 B PNG r3 BIs5
# uiv3 th3 orE3r"
~:t th3 orE3r b3 giv3n"
# vo not in5ult th3 B3a8"
~:t not th3 B3a8 b3 in5ult3E"
# 4nt3r by thi5 Eoor"
/u (H: H:qu:!t:# to 3nt3r by thi5 Eoor"
# Ah3y l3t h3r go"
Zh3 Ba5 l3t go"
# 2t i5 i,&o55ibl3 t/ #/ thi! noB"
2t i5 i,&o55ibl3 h/H thi! t/ ): #/n: noB"
# It i! your #uty to Eo thi5 Bor8"
9ou (H: !upp/!:# to Eo thi5 Bor8"
# \3 :nC/y Briting l3tt3r5"
\3 3nwoy l3tt3r5 ):in% BHitt:n"
# Y3 H:c/,,:n#! builEing a hou53"
Y3 r3co,,3nE5 th(t ( h/u!: !h/u.# ): )ui.t"
# It i! i,p/!!i).: to r3&air that ,achin3"
Ahat ,achin3 c(nt ): r3&air3E"
5di .iu ?@c t]n% h@p *d th(, kh/ tc h(i n%un