Census 2011 Gender Composition

5
GENDER COMPOSITION OF THE

POPULATION
Figures Maps Tables/Statements Notes
78
5
Gender Composition of the
Population
Equality between women and men is a matter of human rights and
a condition for social justice and is also a necessary and fundamental
prerequisite for equality, development and peace
Beijing platform for Action.(UN Fourth Conference on Women)
INTRODUCTION
Te Census of India has been customarily collecting and presenting
disaggregated data for male and female population. Te composition of
population by gender is one of the primary demographic characteristics of
human population around which meaningful analysis is woven.
Gender composition refects natality, mortality and migration character of a
given population. Distribution pattern of male and female in a population
afects relative roles and economic relationships. Tere are diferent tools to
measure gender equity in a population. Sex ratio is one such widely used tool
for cross sectional analysis to measure gender balance. Sex ratio is defned in
the Census of India as the number of females per 1,000 males in the population.
According to the provisional population totals of Census 2011, out of a total
population of 1,21,01,93,422 persons, 62,37,24,248 are males and 58,64,69,174
females. As per this, the sex ratio of India is 940. Te sex ratio at the National
level has risen by seven points since the last Census in 2001. Tis is the
highest since 1971.
Composition of Population by Gender-World Trends
The composition of population by gender is not
uniform and shows diverse patterns across differ-
ent countries of the world. Statement-11 and Figure
17 present the sex ratio in the ten most populous
countries in the world during 2001 and 2011. It
has been estimated that around the year 2011, the
world will have 984 females against 1000 males.
As is evident from the Statement, in USA, Russian
Federation, Japan and Brazil females outnumber
males, in the other six countries the balance is
tilted towards the males. When compared to the
previous decade, China, Indonesia, Nigeria and
USA have shown a decline in the sex ratio in the
present decade. The decline has been particularly
sharp in Nigeria and Indonesia. The sex ratio in
USA, Russian Federation and Japan has always
remained above unity despite minor variations.
Gender Composition of Population
PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS INDIA 79
Source
1. 2001-World Population Prospects (mid year estimates) 1998
2. 2011-World Population Prospects 2008 revision UN.
Rates have been worked out for India based on the provisional Census
2011 and those of Indonesia and Brazil on 2010 round of Census
Statement 11
Sex ratio of selected countries
Figure 17
Trends of sex ratio in ten most populous countries: 2001 - 2011
Sl. No Country 2001 2011
1 2 2 3
World 986 984
1 China 944 926
2 India 933 940
3 U.S.A. 1,029 1,025
4 Indonesia 1,004 988
5 Brazil 1,025 1,042
6 Pakistan 938 943
7 Russian Fed. 1,140 1,167
8 Bangladesh 958 978
9 Japan 1,041 1,055
10 Nigeria 1,016 987
984
926 937
1025
988
1042
943
1167
978
1055
987
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
World China India USA Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Russian Fed Bangladesh Japan Nigeria
F
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p
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1
0
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0

m
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s
COUNTRIES
2001
2011
80
Te situation in the immediate neighbourhood of India reveals a mixed
picture. Myanmar (1048), Sri Lanka (1034) and Nepal (1014) have more
females in their populations whereas in all other countries the sex ratio shows
male domination.
TRENDS IN SEX RATIO IN INDIA AN OVER VIEW
Te sex ratio in India has been historically negative or in other words,
unfavourable to females. A look at the Figure 18 reveals that in the pre-
independence period, the sex ratio declined consistently up to 1951 when it
rose marginally (Statement-12). In the post independence period, the trend
continued and the sex ratio slipped down for two consecutive decades afer
1951 to reach 930 in 1971. During 1961-71 a steep fall of 11 points was seen in
the sex ratio.
India among its neighbours 2001-2011
Countries 2001 2011
India 933 940
China 944 926
Pakistan 938 943
Bangladesh 958 978
Sri Lanka 1010 1034
Nepal 1005 1014
Afghanistan 930 931
Bhutan 919 897
Myanmar 1011 1048
Figure 18
Sex ratio in India: 1901-2011
980
972
964
955
950
945
946
941
934
933
940 940
950
960
970
Sex Ratio (Females per
1000 Males)
930
934
927
933
900
910
920
930
1
9
0
1
1
9
1
1
1
9
2
1
1
9
3
1
1
9
4
1
1
9
5
1
1
9
6
1
1
9
7
1
1
9
8
1
1
9
9
1
2
0
0
1
2
0
1
1
F
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p
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1
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0

M
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s
111111111122
Census Years
Afer 1971 Census , trends were not consistent, showing increase in one decade
and decline in the next. However, it was hovering around 930.Te sex ratio as
per provisional results is the highest since 1971 and a shade below the level of
1961.
Statement 12
Sex ratio, India: 1901-2011
Census Year Sex ratio
(Females per 1,000 males)
2 1
2 7 9 1 0 9 1
4 6 9 1 1 9 1
5 5 9 1 2 9 1
0 5 9 1 3 9 1
5 4 9 1 4 9 1
6 4 9 1 5 9 1
1 4 9 1 6 9 1
0 3 9 1 7 9 1
4 3 9 1 8 9 1
7 2 9 1 9 9 1
3 3 9 1 0 0 2
0 4 9 1 1 0 2
Note: Please see notes behind Figures at a Glance.
82
Map 10
Sex Ratio, 2001 (States/Union Territories)
Arunachal Pradesh
893
INDIA
Sex Ratio, 2001
(States/Union Territories)
Females per 1000 Males
925 950 975 900
National Average : 933
Jammu & Kashmir
892
Punjab
876
Rajasthan
921
Gujarat
920
Maharashtra
922
Goa
961
Karnataka
965
Kerala
1058
Tamil Nadu
987
Andhra Pradesh
978
Chhattisgarh
989
Orissa
972
Tripura
948
Jharkhand
941
(P)Puducherry
1001
(P)
(P)
(P)
Lakshadweep
948
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
846
Indira Point
Barren I.
(India)
Narcondam I.
(India)
BAY OF BENGAL
INDIAN OCEAN
ARABIAN SEA
Daman & Diu
710
Himachal Pradesh
968
Chandigarh
777
Uttarakhand
962
Haryana
861
Uttar Pradesh
898
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
812
West Bengal
934
Madhya Pradesh
919
Sikkim
875
Bihar
919
NCT of Delhi
821
Meghalaya
972
Assam
935
Mizoram
935
Manipur
974
Nagaland
900
0 100 500 50
Kilometres
Map 11
Sex Ratio, 2011 (States/Union Territories)
Arunachal Pradesh
920
INDIA
Sex Ratio, 2011
Females per 1000 Males
925 950 975 900
Jammu & Kashmir
883
Punjab
893
Rajasthan
926
Gujarat
918
Maharashtra
925
Goa
968
Karnataka
968
Kerala
1084
Tamil Nadu
995
Andhra Pradesh
992
Chhattisgarh
991
Orissa
978
Tripura
961
Jharkhand
947
(P)Puducherry
1038
(P)
(P)
(P)
Lakshadweep
946
878
Indira Point
Barren I.
(India)
Narcondam I.
(India)
BAY OF BENGAL
INDIAN OCEAN
ARABIAN SEA
Daman & Diu
618
Himachal Pradesh
974
Chandigarh
818
Uttarakhand
963
Haryana
877
Uttar Pradesh
908
775
West Bengal
947
Madhya Pradesh
930
Sikkim
889
Bihar
916
NCT of Delhi
866
Meghalaya
986
Assam
954
Mizoram
975
Manipur
987
Nagaland
931
0 100 500 50
Kilometres
84
Figure 19
Sex ratio trends in some of the major States: 1951-2011
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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m
a
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s

p
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t
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a
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d

m
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s
Census Year
Andhra Pradesh
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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s

p
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t
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a
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m
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Census Year
Assam
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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m
a
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s

p
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t
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a
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d

m
a
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s
Census Year
Bihar
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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m
a
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s

p
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t
h
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s
a
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m
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s
Census Year
Gujarat
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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m
a
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s

p
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t
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s
a
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m
a
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s
Census Year
Haryana
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
e
m
a
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e
s

p
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t
h
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s
a
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d

m
a
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s
Census Year
Jharkhand
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
e
m
a
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e
s

p
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t
h
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s
a
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d

m
a
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s
Census Year
Karnataka
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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s

p
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t
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m
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Census Years
Kerala
Figure 19
Sex ratio trends in some of the major States: 1951-2011
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
e
m
a
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e
s

p
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t
h
o
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s
a
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d

m
a
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s
Census Year
Maharashtra
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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m
a
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e
s

p
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t
h
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a
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d

m
a
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s
Census Year
Madhya Pradesh
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
e
m
a
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e
s

p
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t
h
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a
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d

m
a
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s
Census Year
Orissa
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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m
a
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e
s
p
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t
h
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a
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d

m
a
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s
Census Year
Punjab
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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m
a
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s

p
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t
h
o
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a
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d

m
a
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s
Census Year
Rajasthan
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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m
a
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s

p
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t
h
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a
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m
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s
Census Year
Uttar Pradesh
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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m
a
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s

p
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t
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m
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s
Census Year
West Bengal
810
860
910
960
1010
1060
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
F
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s

p
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t
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m
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Census Year
Tamil Nadu
86
Table 11 gives the trends in sex ratio since 1901 for all the States and Union
Territories. The trends in sex ratio for the post independence period from
1951 -2011 for some of the major States are also depicted in Figure 19 as line
graphs.
Te Table reveals that in 1951, there were as many as eleven States and Union
Territories that had sex ratio of more than unity or above 1000. Tis number
declined to nine in 1961, three in 1971 and two in 1981 and one in 1991. In
2001, the State of Kerala and the Union Territory of Puducherry reported
above unity sex ratio. Both these States have not only retained their status but
have also shown considerable increase in 2011. Besides these two, the number
of States and Union Territories registering an upward trend has risen from 24
in 2001 to 29 in 2011. Te increase ranged from one point in Uttarakhand to
fourty fve points in the highly urbanised National Capital Territory of Delhi.
In 18 States and Union Territories, the increase has been over ten points during
2001-2011.
Among the major States, Bihar, Jammu Kashmir and Gujarat have experienced
a fall in the sex ratio. Te decline ranged from 2 points in Gujarat to 9 points
in Jammu & Kashmir. Other smaller Union Territories showing steep decline
are Dadar & Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Perceptible increase has been
observed in the major States such as Uttar Pradesh,Rajasthan, Jharkhand,
Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal,
Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Punjab and all the States located in the
North East.
A point to be noted is that the States having historically low sex ratio such as
Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Chandigarh have shown appreciable increase in
the sex ratio in Census 2011. Majority of the States identifed as gender critical
for special attention and intervention as part of the Census 2011 have shown
increasing trend in the sex ratio as per the provisional results.
Trends in sex ratio in States and UTs: 2001-2011
Te patterns in sex ratio among the States and Union Territories are distinct.
Te top three States recording the highest value of overall sex ratio are
neighbours located in the southern part of India namely Kerala (1084), Tamil
Nadu (995), and Andhra Pradesh (992). Among the UTs, the top three are
Puducherry (1038), Lakshadweep (946) and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands
(878). Figure 20 presents sex ratio in the States and Union Territories at the
2011 Census.
Te lowest sex ratio among the States has been recorded in Haryana (877),
Jammu & Kashmir (883) and Sikkim (889). Among the UTs the lowest sex
ratio has been returned in Daman & Diu (618), Dadra & Nagar Haveli (775)
and Chandigarh (818).
Only two major States, Bihar and Jammu & Kashmir have shown decline in the
sex ratio. Te other Union Territories registering decline in overall sex ratio
include Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep. Maps
10 and 11 depict patterns of sex ratio in diferent States and Union Territories
during 2001 and 2011 respectively.
Statement 13 provides recent trends of sex ratio of the total population, sex
ratio in the age group 0-6 years and sex ratio of population aged 7 years and
above for 2001 and 2011 for all the States and Union Territories.
Monitorable Goals of 11th
Five Year Plan

1. Increase child sex ratio
from 927 in 2001 to 935 by
2011-2012

2. Increase child sex ratio to
950 by 2016-2017

3. The 11th Plan committed
support to initiatives that
raise awareness to ensure
that market economy,
increasing consumerism and
resultant family planning
practices do not enhance
gender inequality and lead to
male child planning.
Figure 20
Sex ratio in States and Union Territories: 2011
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Goa
Lakshadweep
Madhya Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Daman & Diu
Assam
West Bengal
Jharkhand
Orissa
Nagaland
Manipur
Mizoram
Tripura
Meghalaya
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Bihar
Sikkim
Arunachal Pradesh
Chandigarh
Uttarakhand
Haryana
NCT of Delhi
Jammu & Kashmir
Himachal Pradesh
Punjab
600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
Females per 1000 males
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

A
v
e
r
a
g
e

9
4
0
88
Statement 13
Sex ratio of total population and child population in the age group 0-6 and 7+ years:
2001-2011
2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4 4 9 4 3 9 4 1 9 7 2 9 0 4 9 3 3 9 A I D N I
7 8 8 4 8 8 9 5 8 1 4 9 3 8 8 2 9 8 r i m h s a K & u m m a J 1 0
3 8 9 0 8 9 6 0 9 6 9 8 4 7 9 8 6 9 h s e d a r P l a h c a m i H 2 0
9 9 8 8 8 8 6 4 8 8 9 7 3 9 8 6 7 8 b a j n u P 3 0
04 Chandigarh
#
777 818 845 867 767 812
5 7 9 3 7 9 6 8 8 8 0 9 3 6 9 2 6 9 d n a h k a r a t t U 5 0
5 8 8 9 6 8 0 3 8 9 1 8 7 7 8 1 6 8 a n a y r a H 6 0
07 NCT of Delhi
#
821 866 868 866 813 866
5 3 9 3 2 9 3 8 8 9 0 9 6 2 9 1 2 9 n a h t s a j a R 8 0
0 1 9 4 9 8 9 9 8 6 1 9 8 0 9 8 9 8 h s e d a r P r a t t U 9 0
2 1 9 4 1 9 3 3 9 2 4 9 6 1 9 9 1 9 r a h i B 0 1
3 8 8 1 6 8 4 4 9 3 6 9 9 8 8 5 7 8 m i k k i S 1 1
3 1 9 8 7 8 0 6 9 4 6 9 0 2 9 3 9 8 h s e d a r P l a h c a n u r A 2 1
9 2 9 0 9 8 4 4 9 4 6 9 1 3 9 0 0 9 d n a l a g a N 3 1
5 9 9 7 7 9 4 3 9 7 5 9 7 8 9 4 7 9 r u p i n a M 4 1
6 7 9 0 3 9 1 7 9 4 6 9 5 7 9 5 3 9 m a r o z i M 5 1
2 6 9 5 4 9 3 5 9 6 6 9 1 6 9 8 4 9 a r u p i r T 6 1
9 8 9 1 7 9 0 7 9 3 7 9 6 8 9 2 7 9 a y a l a h g e M 7 1
3 5 9 9 2 9 7 5 9 5 6 9 4 5 9 5 3 9 m a s s A 8 1
6 4 9 9 2 9 0 5 9 0 6 9 7 4 9 4 3 9 l a g n e B t s e W 9 1
8 4 9 5 3 9 3 4 9 5 6 9 7 4 9 1 4 9 d n a h k r a h J 0 2
5 8 9 6 7 9 4 3 9 3 5 9 8 7 9 2 7 9 a s s i r O 1 2
5 9 9 2 9 9 4 6 9 5 7 9 1 9 9 9 8 9 h r a g s i t t a h h C 2 2
3 3 9 6 1 9 2 1 9 2 3 9 0 3 9 9 1 9 h s e d a r P a y h d a M 3 2
3 2 9 7 2 9 6 8 8 3 8 8 8 1 9 0 2 9 t a r a j u G 4 2
25 Daman & Diu
#
710 618 926 909 682 589
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli
#
812 775 979 924 779 752
1 3 9 4 2 9 3 8 8 3 1 9 5 2 9 2 2 9 a r t h s a r a h a M 7 2
7 9 9 1 8 9 3 4 9 1 6 9 2 9 9 8 7 9 h s e d a r P a r h d n A 8 2
1 7 9 8 6 9 3 4 9 6 4 9 8 6 9 5 6 9 a k a t a n r a K 9 2
3 7 9 4 6 9 0 2 9 8 3 9 8 6 9 1 6 9 a o G 0 3
31 Lakshadweep
#
948 946 959 908 946 951
9 9 0 , 1 2 7 0 , 1 9 5 9 0 6 9 4 8 0 1 8 5 0 1 a l a r e K 2 3
0 0 0 , 1 3 9 9 6 4 9 2 4 9 5 9 9 7 8 9 u d a N l i m a T 3 3
34 Puducherry
#
1001 1038 967 965 1,006 1,047
35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands
#
846 878 957 966 831 868
Sex ratio (females per 1,000 males)
Total
population
Child
population
in the age
group
0-6
Population
aged 7 and
above
India/States/Union Territory
#
State/
UT Code
Note: # Union Territories
States and Union Territories by ranges of sex ratio
It is interesting to note that although the number of States and Union
Territories with sex ratio less than 916 declined from twelve to ten in 2011 but
percentage share of these States population has remained almost constant. In
contrast, the number of States and Union Territories with high sex ratio of 986
and above rose sharply from four in 2001 to seven in 2011 with corresponding
increases in the share of population. Movement of large States (Andhra
Pradesh) in this category resulted in the increase in the population share.
However, overall increasing trend in the sex ratio at the Census 2011 has
boosted the sex ratio of India.
Te distribution of States and Union Territories by the diferent ranges of sex
ratio and their share in the total population of the country is presented in the
Statement-14.
Statement 14
Distribution of States/Union Territories by range of sex ratio of India: 2001 and 2011
Sex ratio 2001 Percentage of
population to
total population, 2001
2011 Percentage of
population to
total population, 2011
5 4 3 2 1
5 6 . 3 6 8 9 . 5 8 w o l e b & 0 8 8
881-915 4 17.44 4 19.87
916-950 11 47.18 10 45.08
951-985 8 18.12 8 13.01
4 . 8 1 7 8 2 . 1 1 4 e v o b a & 6 8 9
Te number of States and Union Territories with sex ratio below National
average has remained constant over 2001 and 2011. In fact, the proportion of
population in the frst category has increased marginally, by less than a percent
point (Statement 15).
Statement 15
Distribution of States/Union Territories by sex ratio below National level and above
National level: 2001 and 2011
Sex ratio Number of
States /
Union
Territories
2001
Percentage of
population to total
population 2001
Number of
States /
Union
Territories
2011
Percentage of
population to total
population 2011
5 4 3 2 1
Below National average 17 57.19 17 58.31
Above National average 18 42.81 18 41.69
90
CHILD SEX RATIO IN THE AGE GROUP 06 YEARS
While the overall sex ratio presents encouraging trends across the country
encompassing 29 States and Union Territories, the same is not true in the
case of the girl child in the age group 0-6 years. Statement-16 and Figure-21
presents the sex ratio of the total population and the child population (0-6
years) from 1961 to 2001.
Statement 16
Sex ratio of total population and child population in the age group 0-6: 1961-2011
Year Sex ratio in age Group 0-6 years Overall sex ratio
1 4 9 6 7 9 1 6 9 1
0 3 9 4 6 9 1 7 9 1
4 3 9 2 6 9 1 8 9 1
7 2 9 5 4 9 1 9 9 1
3 3 9 7 2 9 1 0 0 2
0 4 9 4 1 9 1 1 0 2
Figure 21
Child sex ratio 0-6 years and overall sex ratio India: 1961-2011
Figure-21 clearly brings out the fact that afer 1991 there has been consistent
rise in overall sex ratio. On the other hand, the fall in child sex ratio has been
unabated since 1961. As per the provisional population totals of Census 2011,
it has declined to reach an all time low of 914.
Te pattern of child sex ratio (0-6 years) among the States/UTs in 2011 is
provided in Statement 13. Te top three States recording the highest value of
child sex ratio in the age group 0-6 years are Mizoram (971), Meghalaya (970)
and Chhattisgarh (964). Among the UTs, the top three positions are held by
Andaman & Nicobar Islands (966), Puducherry (965) and Dadra & Nagar
Haveli (924).
976
964
962
945
927
914
941
930
934
927
933 940
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Sex ratio 0-6
Overall sex ratio
Census Years
F
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Te lowest child sex ratio (0-6 years) among the States have been observed
in the States of Haryana (830), Punjab (846) and Jammu and Kashmir (859)
while among the UTs, Delhi (866), Chandigarh (867) and Lakshadweep (908)
occupy the bottom position.
A glance at the trend will show that in Census 2011, child sex ratio (0-6 years)
has registered an increasing trend only in six States and two UTs. What gives
some cause for cheer is the fact that the States where the child sex ratio had
dropped alarmingly in Census 2001 have now shown a slight improvement.
Tis increase is substantial in Punjab (789 to 846-57 points), Haryana (819 to
830- 11 points), Himachal Pradesh (896 to 906- 10 points), Chandigarh (845 to
867- 22 points), Gujarat (883 to 886- 3 points) and Tamil Nadu (942 to 946- 4
points). In addition, Mizoram (964 to 971-7 points) and Andaman & Nicobar
Island (957 to 966- 9 points) have also shown increasing trend in the child sex
ratio during 2001 -2011.
At the same time, situation in other States/UTs has been disconcerting. Te
child sex ratio (0-6 years) has declined in 27 States and Union Territories.
Sharp fall in the range of 22 to 82 points have been reported in child sex ratios
in Jammu & Kashmir (82), Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra,
Rajasthan, Manipur, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Nagaland
during 2001-2011. It is to be noticed that even North Eastern States like
Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh have shown a declining trend. Maps 12 and 13
depict child sex ratio in the age group 0-6 years for 2001 and 2011 and show
the pattern of decline in 2011.
Statement-17 gives the distribution of States and UTs by ranges of sex ratio of
child population in the age group 0-6 years and their relative share in these
ranges in terms of percentage of population to total population of the country
for 2001 and 2011. It may be discerned from the above Statement that the
number of States and UTs with sex ratio in the age group 0-6 years of 951 and
above, has reduced to half from eighteen to nine in 2011 with corresponding
decline in the share of population from 28 percent to only 8.12 percent.
Te number of States and UTs with child sex ratio 0-6 years below 915 has
increased from nine in 2001 to fourteen in 2011. Te share of population in
this category has doubled.
Statement 17
Distribution of States/Union Territories by range of sex ratio of child population in the
age group 0-6 years: 2001-2011
Sex ratio Number of States/
Union Territories
2001
Percentage of
population to
total population
2001
Number of States/
Union Territories
2011
Percentage of
population to
total population
2011
1 2 3 4 5
880 & below 4 5.27 5 6.51
881-915 5 20.76 9 46.13
916-950 8 45.95 12 39.2
951-985 18 28.02 9 8.16
986 & above 0 0 0 0
This grim reality is also
reected in the National
Family Health survey
(NFHS-3), 2005-2006 in which
estimate of child sex ratio
0-6 years has been reported
as 918 at the National level.
This matches the gure
of 914 observed as per
provisional totals of Census
2011.
92
Map 12
Child Sex Ratio in Age Group 0-6, 2001 (States/Union Territories)
Arunachal Pradesh
964
INDIA
Child Sex Ratio in Age Group 0-6, 2001
Females per 1000 Males in
Age Group 0-6
875 900 950 850
Jammu & Kashmir
941
Punjab
798
Rajasthan
909
Gujarat
883
Maharashtra
913
Goa
938
Karnataka
946
Kerala
960
Tamil Nadu
942
Andhra Pradesh
961
Chhattisgarh
975
Orissa
953
Tripura
966
Jharkhand
965
(P)Puducherry
967
(P)
(P)
(P)
Lakshadweep
959
957
Indira Point
Barren I.
(India)
Narcondam I.
(India)
BAY OF BENGAL
INDIAN OCEAN
ARABIAN SEA
Daman & Diu
926
Himachal Pradesh
896
Chandigarh
845
Uttarakhand
908
Haryana
819
Uttar Pradesh
916
979
West Bengal
960
Madhya Pradesh
932
Sikkim
963
Bihar
942
NCT of Delhi
868
Meghalaya
973
Assam
965
Mizoram
964
Manipur
957
Nagaland
964
0 100 500 50
Kilometres
Map 13
Child Sex Ratio in Age Group 0-6, 2011 (States/Union Territories)
Arunachal Pradesh
960
INDIA
Child Sex Ratio in Age Group 0-6, 2011
Females per 1000 Males in
Age Group 0-6
875 900 950 850
Jammu & Kashmir
859
Punjab
846
Rajasthan
883
Gujarat
886
Maharashtra
883
Goa
920
Karnataka
943
Kerala
959
Tamil Nadu
946
Andhra Pradesh
943
Chhattisgarh
964
Orissa
934
Tripura
953
Jharkhand
943
(P)Puducherry
965
(P)
(P)
(P)
Lakshadweep
908
966
Indira Point
Barren I.
(India)
Narcondam I.
(India)
BAY OF BENGAL
INDIAN OCEAN
ARABIAN SEA
Daman & Diu
909
Himachal Pradesh
906
Chandigarh
867
Uttarakhand
886
Haryana
830
Uttar Pradesh
899
924
West Bengal
950
Madhya Pradesh
912
Sikkim
944
Bihar
933
NCT of Delhi
866
Meghalaya
970
Assam
957
Mizoram
971
Manipur
934
Nagaland
944
0 100 500 50
Kilometres
94
SEX RATIO OF AGE 7 YEARS AND ABOVE POPULATION
Te sex ratio of population of age 7 years and above during 2001 and 2011
Censuses have been shown in the Statement- 13. It has increased from 942
in 2001 to 944 in 2011 at the National level. Tis increase is also noted in 23
States/UTs. However 8 States have shown slight decline as compared to 2001.
In 4 States/UTs this ratio has remained constant.
Kerala (1099), Tamil Nadu(1000) and Andhra Pradesh (997) have recorded the
highest sex ratio, while Punjab (899), Jammu & Kashmir (887) and Haryana
(885) are at the bottom in the age group 7+ years.
Statement-18 provides the distribution of States and UTs by the ranges of sex
ratio of population in the age group of 7+ years for 2001 and 2011 and their
share of population to total population.
It may be seen from the Statement that the number of States and UTs and their
corresponding share of population has increased signifcantly in the category
with sex ratio 986 and above. On the other hand, there has been a decline
in the number and proportion of population in the 916-950 category. Te
Statement 18
Distribution of States/Union Territories by range of sex ratio of population 7 years and
above: 2001 and 2011
Sex ratio Number of States/
Union Territories
2001
Percentage of population
to total population 2001
Number of States/
Union Territories
2011
Percentage of population
to total population 2011
1 2 3 4 5
880 & below 8 3.75 5 1.58
881-915 5 26.86 7 29.88
916-950 10 39.11 7 36.45
951-985 8 18.57 9 13.15
986 & above 4 11.72 7 18.94
Distribution of States/Union Territories by range of sex ratio of population aged 7+ : 2001 and 2011
number and share of States and UTs having sex ratio 915 and below has not
shown perceptible decline.
SEX RATIO IN THE EMPOWERED ACTION GROUP EAG STATES
It is heartening to note that the overall sex ratio has shown a consistent
increase in both EAG as well as non EAG States in the last three decades.
However, the disheartening fact is that the gap between EAG and non EAG
States has increased slightly during 2001-2011. Almost similar trends have
been observed in the category of seven plus population as illustrated in Figures
22 and 23.
Figure 24 exhibits trends of child sex ratio (0-6 years) in EAG and non EAG
States. It is observed that in 1991, EAG States had lower value of child sex
ratio as compared to non EAG States. Tis trend has reversed during 2001.
Figure 22
Sex ratio in India, EAG and non EAG States: 1991-2011
Figure 23
Sex ratio in the 7+ age group in India, EAG and non EAG States: 1991-2011
899
919
929
941
946
957
923
934
944
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
860
870
880
890
900
EAG States
Non EAG States
India
1991 2001 2011
F
e
m
a
l
e
s

p
e
r

1
0
0
0

m
a
l
e
s
Census Years
907
921
927
942
943
952
927
933
940
910
920
930
940
950
960
880
890
900
1991 2001 2011
EAG States
Non EAG
India
F
e
m
a
l
e
s

p
e
r

1
0
0
0

M
a
l
e
s
Census Years
96
In the period 1991-2011, while there has been a fall of 28 points in the EAG
States, the same has been to the tune of 34 points in non EAG States. In the last
decade alone, the decline in EAG States has been 17 points while in the non
EAG States the fall has been to the tune of 10 points. Tis is indeed a matter of
grave concern.
Figure 24
Child Sex ratio in the age group 0-6 years in India, EAG and non EAG States: 1991-2011
Te decline in the sex ratio in the age group 0-6 years is an extremely
distressing trend. Te writing was clearly on the wall during the last Census
itself. Te last decade has seen slight improvements in Haryana, Punjab,
Chandigarh, Tamil Nadu, Himachal, Gujarat, Mizoram and Andaman &
Nicobar Islands where there has been an increase in the sex ratio of the 0-6
year population. In all the remaining 27 States/UTs, the ratio has declined. Te
decline ranges from nominal to alarming levels.
Te overall sex ratio has shown an upward trend in 29 States/UTs. Tis is a
positive sign and is indicative of an improvement in the status of women in
the country. Te improved trends in female literacy and the narrowing gender
gap in the literacy rate, discussed later on in this Report corroborates this in
substantial measure. Detailed analysis of trends would however be required for
more meaningful conclusions.
941
930
913
949
925
915
945
927
914
910
920
930
940
950
960
890
900
EAG States
Non EAG States
India
1991 2001 2011
F
e
m
a
l
e
s

p
e
r

1
0
0
0

m
a
l
e
s
Census Years

Census 2011 Gender Composition

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