WAVEE OFICINAL SOFTWAFE

n Ln.+8 Lva.n1nn:11
n:uivn 10310
STD
STD
SteeI Beams
Analysis & Dcsign
vuuaanuan1:lt1L:un:u
/|J E|..
1L:un:u1in:1:vun:aanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::n
SCD
SCD
SteeI CoIumns
& Beams ConnectIon
/|J E|..
1L:un:uaanuLLia1un::auna n1u-ia1
v1nv1uutauu:u1-vnv1u-nnu
nnna1nv
WAVEE OFICINAL SOFTWAFE
n Ln.+8 Lva.n1nn:11
n:uivn 10310
L::1nn1:nou11t11n:ua:1u
History Design Concepts and Naterial Behavior......................Early Empirical Period
unauLn n: Egypyians Greeks
Archimedes (287-212 B.C.) Leonardo da vinci (1+S2-1S18)
...........................Historical Period between 1600 and 1699
Gallileo (1S6+-16+2) Robert Hooke (163S-1703)
Nariotte (1620-168+)
...........................Historical Period between 1700 and 1799
Newton Euler (1707-1783) Coulomb (1736-1806)
Lagrange (1736-1813) Thomas Young (1773-1829)
Barre de Saint-venant (1797-1886) Karl Culmann (1821-1881)
James Clerk Naxwell (1831-1879) Otto Nohr(183S-1918)
Alberto Castigliano (18+7-188+)
........................................Progress Through 1900 to 19S0
Development of Theory of Structurs
Slope Deflection by Hardy Cross (USA)
Strength of Naterials and Theory of Elasticity by S.Timoshenko (Russian)
Plastic Analysis by Lynn Beedle (USA)
LRFD method by American !nstitute of Steel Construction - LaaLu 200S
vn1u:auL(:1u 2 nun11L)nou1u1unu

STD Steel Beams Analysis 8 Design version 1.07 Prof. n1vunn1 Fy = 2,S00 kg.fsq.cm.
STD Steel Beams Analysis 8 Design version 2.07 Prof. n1vunn1 Fy = 2,+00 kg.fsq.cm.
*vu1uivn
vu 2 version a1u1:nunn1v:an1vunn1 Fy 1niauituinu1nu

/
|J
E

|
.
.

unu1uu 2S+8
Page 28 Page 01
n1u1
o. -_ ..--...--
..-- :: .:-...-.....
......- .
.....- -...
..-.,....... .- .
.,. ...,
.....--..,..-.:
. .,::: ..:....-.
....-.:....--
..,.... ......
-.....-....:.-..
.- ..-......
..,... -..-....
.... ..., ...--
.... ...-
.. -. -.
......... s. .,.,
. s. ......._-
....-., .....
-... .....
... -.....
-... ..- .....-
./.-- o-.../. so-./-- ..:- .. .
:.: .... s.
a1:Lq
n1u1...........................................................................................................................1
tunaun1:lt1L:un:u STD ...........................................................................................2
iuau1t 3 tavnnnaui:uu:...........................................................................................3
1. Shear u:uiaaunaa:1: ? ..........................................................................................+
u1nan:vaaunuu1 ....................................................................................................9
2. Noment tauvu1nnnaa:1: ? .................................................................................10
n1au1uan:n1:n1u1nv1nuvvu1nn Zx , !x ................................................................12
3. ::u:1n:un1taun1unaa:1: ? .................................................................................13
a:Lan:vltlun1:na1:n1vu1nnivnn:Ln::n .............................................................1S
1sn1:iLnuuuLnuan:n1:na1:n1vu1nnivnn:Ln::n ...................................................1S
i:uaanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::n .....................................................................................17
n1au1un1:aanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::n ...........................................................................17
n1au1u:LuLLn1:ltivnnlu1n:ua:1u ..........................................................................21
n1au1un1:unLqv1n:n Noment , Shear n1u Depth 1un1u .........................................22
n1:aanuLLvu1nnn1u:Lau( .....................................................................................2S
n1:aanuLLinaunLqv1taun1u ................................................................................27
a1:Lq ....................................................................................................................28
Page 02 Page 27
tunaun1:lt1L:un:u STD n1:aanuLLinaunLqv1n1u
tunauu:n !nput Data ina1in:1:vun:aanuLLn1uivnn
1. n1vunn11uu11n1uvuvun
2. n1vunvu1nnivnn:Ln::n1nuinanvu1nntuu1 1 vu1nn
3. 11n11un1uvuu Support v::u:n1u( n1uvnaun1:aanuLL
+. 11n11u uu.L::vna: (Live Load or Uniform Load)1nun1vuntu1n un:11n11unulu
n1uvuuLun1uvnnaanuLL
S. 11n11u uu.iLuan (Point Load) n1u 1nun1vuntu1nu:u un:11n11unulun1uvuuLu
n1uvnnaanuLL
6. iuan1vunvnau1un:Ln1uun:11nnuLun1ui:uL:au nnLun1u1n
tunauvaau Output Data nnnnsa1nn1:1in:1:vun:aanuLL
1. a:1nnnnnsnqnn::utaun1u11n1uuuun1nnnns1uiuunauanvinnLun1uiv11:
2. a:1nnnnnsnqnn::utaun1u11n1uuuun1nnnnsu:uiaauauanvinnLun1uiv11:
3. a:1nnnnnstau Reaction u:uLgn:u1vv1ia1 luunn: Support 11un1iv11:
+. 1L:un:ua:v1n1:n:1aaaLun:1in:1:v1nuan1uun11vu1nnivnnuult1nv:a1u
S. n:nvlt1u1nlvinaniLnuuvu1nnivnn v:atu1nivnn:Ln::nun1nnn1u1nlvu
6. 1L:un:ua:v1n1:aun1 Dead Load taun1ulvu1Ltunau !nput Data un:n1u1nlvu
vuv1nu1unau11n:Llvu a1nuua:n:1aaaLun:n1u1nn1nnnnsauu1uu Output Data
un:v1n1:1in:1:v n:1aaaL1nuan1uun11vu1nnlvuult1nv:a1u
7. iua1nnnnnsun:1in:1:v11vu1nnuult1n :1n1ivu1:au un:inanltvu1nnuulv
Save 1nn v:a Print out aanu11n
tunaun1:v1u1un1ulutau1L:un:u
1. 1L:un:ua:n:1aun:a111n11uiuun u:uiaau vinnLun1uvaanuLLuun1auanuuu1n
n11v:auaun11 n1u:uiaauvu1nnivnn n11uiuunvu1nnivnnvnnn1vun n1u1nn11
uanu11vu1nnivnnuuuult1u1nv:a1uLnannuinuuna
2. 1L:un:ua:n:1aun:a111n11uu11 Span Length taun1uluunn: Span 11u11iv11:a1n
uua:u11LiL:uLivuL11 Span Length taun1uu1nn11v:auaun11n1 Length tauvu1nn
ivnn n1u1nn11uanu11vu1nnivnnuuuult1u1nv:aa1a1uLnannuinuuna 1sn1:un1t
uu1nu1uvn1u1s 1u11iLnuuvu1nn tu1un11unn tuaunLL::ann1:nun:n11ut1u1q
taunaanuLLunn:nulun1:unLqv1 1nui:1un1au1uaulunauv1u(tauvuuaanuau
uana1nu1L:un:uuua1u1:niLnuu n1vunvu1nn tu1nun:nnauLntauivnnvnnltv1
n1uiau1n 1u11a:u1tauntauvu1nnv:aivnna1nn1uL::ivnu1lt nnanaun1:iLnuu
uLnun1 Fy Fv Fb iau(a1v:Lnvun11uitu1t1qv:auula11a1u1:nn1vuniau1n1nunn
nau) lun:nvnuu1uuu:u1lvnvuu1uun11ut1u1qinuunav:auu1uit1la1nunauuvit1
1Lv1n1:un1tan:vltlun1:n1u1n in:1:a1ainnn1:nnnn1n1n
Support
Stiffeners
Top Plates
Bearing Stiffeners
Compression Stiffener
Support or Tension Stiffener
End-Bearing
Stiffeners
Bearing Pedestal
SCD
SCD
SteeI CoIumns
& Beams ConnectIon
/|J E|..
1L:un:uaanuLLia1un::auna n1u-ia1
naunLnL1L:un:uaunLna1L
Page 26 Page 03
iuau1t 3 tavnnnaui:uu:
1. u:uiaautauvu1nnivnn:Ln::n Shear Stresses in Beam Sections
2. 1uiuuntauvu1nnivnn:Ln::n Bending Noment Stresses in Beam Sections
3. n1:1n:un1taun1uauinna1nu:un::v1 Length 8 Deflection in Beam
u1n:j1uvnituult vv = Shear Stresses in Beam Sections
v1u:uiaautauvu1nn vv = Fv x nuvvu1nnv:Lu:uiaau(aiv1)
= 0.+0 x Fy x nuvvu1nn:Lu:uiaau(aiv1)
a:L vv = Fv x nuvvu1nnv:Lu:uiaau...(a1a1ultvu1nnvuvun)
u1n:j1uvnituult Nmax. = Bending Noment Stressed in Beam Sections
v11uiuunauanvvu1nn = 0.60 x Fy x Zx(Section Nodulus)
Nmax.tauvu1nnivnn = Fb x Zx *in:1: Fb =(0.60-0.66) x Fy
un1 Zx (section modulus)ia1u1a1n1vunu nn1u1nia1iau v:ananu1a1n
unnn1nanlun1:1uivnnn1n(in1n1u1nu1lvia:aun1)
u1n:j1uvnituult Nax.Length = Depth x 17.9
v1n1:1n:un1 Length 8 Deflection in Beam = Depth x 17.9

3 u1n:j1uunituultn:1aaaLnLn1n1u(auiLunnnnsa1nn1:1in:1:vn1u
Beam Analysis vlvnnnnsn11uiuunauanvinnLun1u u:uiaauauanvinn
Lun1u1nun:1ana1n1uiuun1na1un:u Shear 1na1un:u n1:1un11uu11t1u
SPAN vn( SPAN
an:u1n:j1uvnituultlun1:n:1aaaLvu1nn
nauaanuLLn1uivnn:L:1uu
1nult1L:un:u STD
.........
n1:aanuLLvu1nnn1u:Lau(
nauaanuLLn1uivnn:L:1uu
1nult1L:un:u STD
Light metal
Framing
... . .
...........
.... o.+ -.|... ... ..... . .- ....
................. . . ,. s,. . ... ..... . ............... ......
...........,.... ........ ............. .... ......
...,........... .......... ........,......... ........
.... .. ... ....... ......... .......
.............. ..........r....... ...........
.... .................................
..... ....... z z ...... ...... . x . .......
...... ..|. ...... .....
lu Node n1vuniau
lu Node n1vuniau
nninuuL::ann1:nlun1:unLqv1
un:nauaanuLLn1uuLLlvu(v:a1u?
nauv1n
Page 0+ Page 2S
a:1:nn1uvnnnn11uuu1n uua1a1uu1nuLLvnnnnn1nunulvnnt1uaanuLLn1uivnnlv
nnnn11uuu1n L1uvuua1a1uu1nn1n nn11uuiLui:aunn1u(aun1uua:u1u
ia1nn1uu1v1vuu
vnaanu1 1 lL11uLu1n:
una:Lnn1un1uu11
ia1unu1inuvuu
aanu:uaLunvunu1L
uLunn1uaaniLuaauvau
it1i:un11aanu:uiaau
SHEAR FORCE
au1uuit1i:un11iaaun1ut11u
u:uvaanvuit1i:un11u:uiaaun1ut11u vv
auunaanu:u = 1 Kg.f Cm.2
vu1nnn1ut11utaunn1uvvu
n1iLuivnniaunnunu
nunauaanu:uu1nn11 1 Kg.fcm.2 uuuau
auunnuvvu1nn = 1 cm.2
nuvvu1nniv1nn1u
nuvaiv1nanuvv:Lu:uiaau Nax.shear v:a vv
1. Shear u:uiaau naa:1: ?
........r......
.........
n1:aanuLLvu1nnn1u:Lau(
n1uivnnn1v
uLLn1vuniau
n1uivnnn1v11uuau
uLLn1vuniau
n1uivnnn1v
uLLn1vuniau
1uiuautu
nuun1uuan
1anninu
n1un1v:LL:nn
Page 2+ Page 0S
ivnniaunnunu
1:uu1unnnivnnLan11ivnntauit1:Lu:u
1n = 2,S00 Kg.fcm.2 (u1n:j1u A36)
uanu11u1a::Lu:uiaau1n=2,S00 kg.fcm.2 (n1naLnnn:L n11ua:uu11n)
n1naL Fv :Lu:uiaau1n =1,000 kg.fcm.2 (n1naLnnn:L)
2,S00 kg.fcm.2 nan1 Fy tauivnn
it1aaunuu111 :Lu:uiaau1n = +0 tau Fy (inalvLnannu11nau)
= 0.+0 x 2,S00 = 1,000 kg.fcm.2 (n1naLunn)
a:L Fv = 0.+0 x Fy (1n1n:vnnu:auun1)
an:n1:n1u1nv1u:uiaauu1nvantauivnnna
Shear Stresses = 0.+0 x Fy x Area (nuvvu1nnivnn)
n1au1u 1 n1ivnnnnununuvvu1nn 2 n:.u. :Lu:uiaau1niv11: ?
n1naL Shear Stresses = 0.+0 x Fy x 2
v:a = Fv x 2
= 0.+0 x 2,S00 x 2 = 2,000 Kg.
n1naL Nax.Shear = 2,000 kg.
n1au1u 2 n1ivnnaivnuunu n11u 3 u.nn 7 u. :Lu:uiaau1niv11: ?
nuvvu1nn = 3 x 7 = 21 n:.u.
Shear Stresses = 0.+0 x 2,S00 x 21 = 21,000 kg.
n1au1u 3 n1iLuivnnn11a n11u 20 u. nn 30 u.n11uvu1Lnn1u 3 u.
n11uvu1ia1n1u 2 u. :Lu:uiaau1niv11: ?
nuvvu1nn(nnunnuvaiv1) = 2 x 30 = 60 n:.u.
Shear Stresses = 0.+0 x 2,S00 x 60 = 60,000 kg.
........r......
................... - W.+ |..| s.,
a:L vv = Fb x Area (in:1: Fb = 0.+0 x Fy )
a:L vv = 2,000 Kg. (u:uiaaun1ut11uvvu1nnu:L1n)
vv = 21,000 Kg. (u:uiaaun1ut11uvvu1nnu:L1n)
vv = 60,000 Kg. (u:uiaaun1ut11uvvu1nnn11au:L1n)
(u1n:j1uau(uuuan)
.........
............. -.,.. ... .... ..... :+ .... s.
.. o,. ... .. ... . :. . s.. .... z .... . s,. ..|. .... , s
n1au1un1:unLqv1n:n Noment ,Shear n1u Depth 1un1u
n1nuniLun1uvv1a1nivnnnnunn1u Pipe
n1u1nlv Noment , Shear tauvu1nnn1ulv1nnau
inu
Depth
inutua1uu
nnu1vun Self Weight inu
1nu1Linulu Uniform Load
inu
Depth
inu
Depth
n1u1nu:uiaau 1uiuun va 2 va
n1n1u inu Depth
n1u1nu:uiaau 1uiuun = va 2 va
n1n1u inu Depth
n1u:La1uivnuu
n1u:Laivnuu
au1nuina uu. Self Weight tauva 2 vaun1u
un:n1uu (1Linulu Uniform loads)
au1nuina uu. Self Weight tauvavaun1u
un:n1uu (1Linulu Uniform loads)
nnu:uiaauun:1uiuun= va 2 va
.........
.........
:. . s.. ..
:. . s.. ..
Page 23
nuvvu1nn(nnunnuvaiv1) = S x +0 = 200 n:.u.
nuvvu1nn(nnunnuvaiv1) = 3 x +0 = 120 n:.u.
nuvvu1nn(nnunnuvaiv1) = + x 30 = 120 n:.u.
nuvvu1nn(nnunnuvaiv1) = S0 x 120 = 60 n:.u.
Shear Stresses = 0.+0 x 2,S00 x 200 = 200,000 kg.
Shear Stresses = 0.+0 x 2,S00 x 120 = 120,000 kg.
Shear Stresses = 0.+0 x 2,S00 x 120 = 120,000 kg.
Shear Stresses = 0.+0 x 2,S00 x 60 = 60,000 kg.
n1au1u + vu1nnivnn:Ln1vnu n11un11u 30 u. n11unn +0 u.n11uvu1LnLu 6 u.
n1au1u S vu1nnivnn:Ln1nu n11un11u 20 u. n11unn +0 u.n11uvu1LnLu S u.
n1au1u 6 vu1nnivnn:La1n L nu n11un11u 20 u. n11unn 30 u.n11uvu1LnLu + u.
n1au1u 7 vu1nnivnnvannunn1u nuvvu1nn = 120 n:.u.
n11uvu1ia1 S u.:Lu:uiaau1niv11: ?
n11uvu1ia1 3 u.:Lu:uiaau1niv11: ?
n:nvannu nn S0 taunuvvu1nnvuvun
1L:nauinn nuvaiv1:Lu:uiaaun1au1uau(
vv = 200,000 Kg. (u:uiaaun1ut11utauvu1nn)
vv = 120,000 Kg. (u:uiaaun1ut11utauvu1nn)
vv = 120,000 Kg. (u:uiaaun1ut11utauvu1nn)
vv = 60,000 Kg. (u:uiaaun1ut11utauvu1nn)
na1n:Lvu1nnn1u(u nna1u1:nn1u1nu:uiaauuu1nu Shear Stresses in Beam Sections 1nv:auu ?
i:1a1u1:nn1u1n vv 1n(u:uiaautauvu1nn)1nu1unauvaua1an:v:aunnnnLan:u1n:j1uv11L
n1uun1u1n1uiLu nnL1Li:ua1ulvuann:u
Page 06 ........r...... .........
n1au1un1:unLqv1n:n Noment ,Shear n1u Depth 1un1u
inuivun1uivnnnnun:u1vu ? (n:uit1i:un11 Girders) nu1vu1unn1lt
ltivnn1nvinauaivnuunn1u11uuau
nnn1:n1u1n Noment ,Shear n1u Depth 1una
n1ia1u1v1n1u Depth 1un1u
::u:1n:un1u1ninu1L
inun11unnn1u1nuia:uivnn
inaunLqv1n11unn1un1u
an:Lu:uiaauinuuna 1uiuunn1u
an:Lu:uiaauinuuna 1uiuunn1u
Depth inutu
Depth inu
au1nuina uu. Self Weight (1Linulu Uniform loads)
.......
...............
Page 22 Page 07 ........r...... .........
n:11uia1nn1uu1anlLvuu11unuLu1n:
in:uuun11nauiaaun1uuu1uau
uu1uau
uu1uau
:Lnnn1uuu1uau
aiv1una Horizontal Shear
aiv1una Horizontal Shear
1n1n:i:un11 vh
1n1n:i:un11 vh
uu1uau
n:11unauiaaun1uivnn
:Laivnuunu
*1L:un:u STD 1u1nu11sn1:v1u:uiaaun1uu11u1ltlun1:n1u1nunau1uln
n1au1un1:unLqv1n:n Noment ,Shear n1u Depth 1un1u
s.. ... .......
s.. ... .......
s.. ........
Page 08 Page 21
........r......
..................
vertical Shear Plane vv = B x D
Horizontal Shear Plane vh = 6 x 0.S out-to-out Span
D
B
CL
vh Stress
vv Stress
Face-To-Face Span
Center-To-Center Span
Out-To-Out Span
nn1u:Lunna:it1la11 Shear iLuau1u1:
1L:un:u STD ltian1: vertical Shear Plane vv u1n1u1nv1u:uiaautauvu1nnivnn:Ln::n
1u1nltn1 Horizontal Shear Plane vh u1t1un1u1nunau1uln
Horizontal Shear Plane vh nituua:tann11nulu1L:un:u SCD inu1nLn1:aanuLLia1-:auna
taun1u-ia1 ua:u1n1 vh u1t1ulun1:n1u1nlun1uvnu
an:v11Lvltlun1:n1u1nv1 Shear Stress in Beam Sections
luvunna vertical Shear Plane vv uuuvn:
ivnn:Laivnuu Rectangular Sections : vv = 0.67 x Fv x B x D
ivnn:Ln11a,n1 v:a11uun:un W,!,C,N Sections : vv = 0.91 x Fv x Tw x D
ivnn:Ln1v Steel Tee Sections : vv = 0.71 x Fv x B x D
ivnnnnu Circular Sections : vv = 0.S9 x Fv x D
n:1un:iaunvu1nn1L
s... e. . . s... s,,-. e. e.,v...- .::.
n1au1u:LuLLn1:ltn1uivnnlu1n:ua:1u
Steel Deck
Steel Beam
Steel Beam
Steel Beam
Light metal framing
Light metal framing
*nna1u1:nlt1L:un:u STD aanuLLn1uv:a in:1t1uau1nlun1:aanuLL
uLLn1vunnnauLnivnniau
Page 20 Page 09 ........r......
D
B
vv max. = 1.S x Fv x B x D
Rectangular Section vu1nn:Laivnuu
D
D
D
D
T
vv max. = 0.S9 x Fv x (D'2)
vv max. = 1.1 x Fv x T x D
vv max. = 1.+ x Fv x T x D
Circularlar Section vu1nn:Lnnu
Wide-Flange Shape vu1nn:Ln11a,n1iat H
T-Beam Section vu1nn:Ln1v
T
*1L:un:u STD 1u1nltan:uu:n:Lin:1:tinuanann:uu1 nn1nannnnannnun1a:uu
(n1innnanu1nnna1u111:ununuununnnn1uv1n..a1..a1)i:1ltan:1nun1:n1u1nnu
vvu1nnivnn:Ln::nL:i1naiv1uuuvn:u1nnnL Fv n1nnnnsv1nuaun11it1un
vuau(uni1uvu1nnnnu u1nn11it1) unnuula111unau1Luaulunnin:1:n1uun11u
utuu:uinuuna uuuauun:a1u1un11(v1u11 1.a.v.nu1unauia1)
nituult
vv max. = Fv x B x D
nituult
vv max. = 0.78S x Fv x (D'2)
nituult
vv max. = 1.0 x Fv x T x D
nituult
vv max. = 1.0 x Fv x T x D
s... e. . . s... s,,-. e. e.,v...- .::.
.............
n1au1un1:aanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::n
n:1an Nax.Noment
n:1an Nax.Shear
v:altiu1a11un1n1Lt1(n1un1u
nu1vunvnuvv1ia1 Kg.
n:1ann11uu11 Span
iL:uLivuLnLvu1nn
u1nan:vaaunuu1
............
......... ....
............
.......... ....
........
........
........
........
............
............
............
............
Page 19 Page 10
........r.....
2.1uiuuntauvu1nnnaa:1: ?
Axis Noment Arm
Center-to-Center Span
Nmax.
B
D
Nax Compression
Nax Tension
Bending Noment = Area of Tension or Compression(Triangle) x Length of Noment Arm x B
1uiuun = nuvvu1nn(a1uivnuu) x ::u:v1u(Noment Arm) x B
D
B
Nmax = 0.17 x Fb x B x D'2
RECTANGULAR SECT!ON
D
B
Nmax = Fb x Zx
W!DE-FLANGE SHAPE
D
T
Nmax = Fb x Zx
T-BEAN SECT!ON
D
D
Nmax = 0.098 x Fb x D'3
C!RCULAR SECT!ON
Bending Noment Stresses in Beam Sections
s... e. . : s... s,,-. e. e.,v...- .::.
.............
n1au1un1:aanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::n
9. n:Lv11n
u1vunvuvun kg.fm.
::u:i:unu = 0 m. ::u:v1ia1nuv 2
= 8.00 m.
10. nnLun1u1n
nn1 Properties tauivnn
n:1aaaL11ivnn:Ln::n
vu1nnult1nv:a1u ?
ta1vuv1un1u
nniLnuutu1n
*lt1L:un:uv1tu1naun11a:n1una:1nivnn:Ln::nvL::vunun:Lnannu
a:ivu1n11 1L:un:u STD lt1na:n1nun::1ni:1n11n1:n1u1nn1uua
Page 18 Page 11 ........r.....
.............
D
B
Nmax = Fb x Zx
W!DE-FLANGE SHAPE
unn1au1uivnn:Ln::n Wide-Frange Shape , !-Beam, H-Beam
Fb = 0.60 x Fy
Zx = Section Nodulus v1uunu X
(n1 Zx a1u1:nn1na1nn1:1uivnnv11L)
n1:n1u1nv1n1 Nmax tauvu1nnivnnuu( = Fb x Zx
*1L:un:u STD ltan:ulun1:n1u1nv1n1 Nmax (uni1uvu1nnaivnuunu nnunu
v1L:un:ua:n1u1nv1n1 Zx 1nuan1uuniuan1vunn1 B,D) in:1:a:uu Zx n:n
vv1un1vunvu1nnivnn:Ln::nau(iauv1uaun1:n:1aaaL11n1 Zx vv1un1vun
iau v:au1n1u1a1nvu1nnivnn:Ln::nn1uL::ivn v:aivnnL::naLiau a1iLu
au1uuuva:naun:1aaaL11n1 Zx uunnnauv:a1uau1n1vunnnin:1:n1n1u1n
Nmax tauvu1nnivnna:nnnn1n v1lvn1:n:1aaaLnnnn1n1n
*1L:un:u STD aua1u1:nltn1u1nivnn:Ln::nvu1nnau(vnnn1vuniau1n
s... e. . : s... s,,-. e. e.,v...- .::.
n1au1un1:aanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::n
n:11uu1nault1L:un:u STD n1u1nnL1u
1.it11Llu1L:un:u nnLun1vun
n11uu11 inanivnn:Ln::n
3.inanivnn:Ln::n
Wide-Flange Shape
S.n:1annn
auLnvu1nn
1ninu
2. nnn1vunn11uu11 8 iun:
+.inantu1n
7. inann1vun Support
un111n 8. n1vunu:u = +000 kg.fm.
un111n
Page 12 Page 17 ........r..... ..............
PROPERT!ES OF GEONETR!C SECT!ONS
SQURE
aivnuuan:a
SQURE
aivnuuan:a
RECTANGLE
aivnuunun1
RECTANGLE
aivnuunun1
RECTANGLE
aivnuunun1
C!RCLE
nnunu
EQU!L.
aivnuun1t1n
REG.HEXAGON
vnivnuun1uiv1
SQURE
uLnivnuun1uiv1
D'2
D'2
B x D
B x D
B x D
0.78S x D'2
Bh + bH - bh
2.60 x B'2
2.+1 x B'2
0.17 x D'3
0.33 x D'3
0.17 x B x D'2
0.33 x B x D'2
0.0982 x D'3
0.17 x B'2 x D'2
(B'2 + H'2)'0.S
BH'3 + bh'3
6 x H
0.683 x B'3
1.33 x B'3
0.083 x D'+
0.33 x D'+
0.083 x B x D'3
0.33 x B x D'3
0.0+91 x D'+
0.17 x B'3 x D'3
(B'2 + H'2)
BH'+ + bh'+
12 x H
0.619 x B'+
1.38 x B'+
AREA Zx SECT!ON NODULUS NONENT OF !NERT!A !x CROSS SECT!ON
vu1nn
D
D
D
H
B D
B
B
B
h
b
n1au1uan:n1:n1u1nv1nuvvu1nn Zx !x
D D
B D
D
B
B
B
H
h
b
*1L:un:u STD ltluunuauu1n:iv1uu
*n:nunu1uauu1n: 1uu1u1ltlu1L:un:u STD
. .. c, . v...-,. ,-:
i:uaanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::n
n1:lt1L:un:u STD lun1:aanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::nuu1ulti:auu1nv:aa1iLunaui:uu
:v:alti1n1lun1:nnu11L:un:u 1unauaL:uit1n:aaiauiuu in:1:1L:un:uuinn(tau
nu1vu nnn1nunu1vu unultn1u11vuL::naL nauaulnuu:u1lvnnnaunnu1(1L
inu1nit1la1Liauuvn: (WAvEE OR!G!NAL SOFTWARE)Lanu1lv1L:un:uiua:v1a:1:
vuuu1nlviLuu1u( 1uv1a:1:u1u(lviLui:auu1n 1unaunnuLLun1t1n1:vaLL:qq1
ianun1nunu1u:i:au(uanu11 t1uuaunuinu1)aauln:( n1uuln:inu1Ln11t1...a1..
(uun1nuunu1u:i:auuuuuun11t1inu n11ua:ut1un1iLunuu)....ta1vun:L uani:au
tauu:u111v1un1:nauu1(1L:un:u1Lannninu1inun11nituu1L:un:uiauan unuuta
nnu nLtannnn1n un:aLnnnituu1naniua:uu:1Lvun
naunnLun1u( nnu1n1unuiauu:n:L un1vn11nn1u n1vunn11uu11n1uiau
n1vunu1vuna:iau n1vunu:u Point Load iau inanvu1nniau iLnuuvu1nniau1uiau
i1n1v:ann:L iLuiauL::inu1inu1
n1au1un1:aanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::n
auaanuLLn1uivnn:Ln::n Span u11 8 iun: uu1vuna: +,000 nn.fu.1nultivnn
:Ln11atu1nlnn1nvnn11L::vun(unnauLnannu) Lanuniuu(ia1u1uau)
Span = 8 iun:
W = +,000 Kg.fm.
-.--..- -.. ....s.
-. ..-. - .....
.. v. .. .....
-..-...
.... ..-_ :::.::: - ... :
. - ::::: - :: vs - :::::-
- -:.-
vv - :.:::--
- ..-:-
s .... - -..:: - .:::-,:.:: _
-:::.:::.:::: _
- .::: _ -:.- -_ o-
v .... - -.. - .:-:-,:.
- :-:.:::-::: - .:: _ ..-:- -_ s/--
-...-. .. ....-...
. .: .:: . : . - . - -: ..
Page 13 ........r...........
3. ::u:1n:un1taun1unaa:1: ?
n1:vn1unauuLnu1vuna:1nuu1vunn1uuiau(Self Weight)v:auLnu1vunauiuaua1n
u:un1uuann::v1 1u11a:iLuu:uauinna1nn1:uLnu1vunL::vna: L!vE LOAD L::naL
n1uu1vunL::vn (Uniform Loads) v:au:uvn::v1iLuan (Point Loads) v1lvn1uinn
n1:uaun1 i:1i:unnu11 uLnauvnuuau uunnv1lvnnauLntaun1uuuauluan1nv
1uLnannu ivnnn1 un:1ua1a:Lu1vunna1L1n v1u1n1n::uau1nn1vun11 (1un1:lv
inna1u 12 t1LuLntauinu:L:1un1iauin:1:vnuuau) ta1vun:Luani:au1Laun1vun
lv11n1uv:Lu1vuna:nauuaun11uinun u.i:1i:un11::u:1n:un1 (Deflection) n1nit1
vunuu nnnunuuvLiLuuvLn1ua:L1n11 Nax.Deflection = Length f 32S L1unuLan
11 Lf360 L1unuLan11 Lf200 L1unuLan11 Lf36S 1L1uu(uLn11 nnanLiLan1nLu1u
vu 36S 1u) unnituutaLan11a1v:Ln1uivnn Nax.Deflection = Length f 32S n:L
n1iLun1unaun:nia:uivnn v:an1u1u n1uau( 1ultn1un:L

Deflection in Beams
a:Lnituult Nax.Deflrction = L f 32S
na::u:uaun1v:annvaut1u1uinu n11uu11 f 32S
Nax.Deflection
::u:uaun1
::u:uaun1Lun1uu1nv:auauinuulntuaunLn1:uLn:Lu1vuntaun1uu1nv:auau
unit1v1uinun11uu11n1uf32S itu n1uivnnu11 10 iun:::u:uaun1 = 10 f 32S
= 0.03 iun: v:a 3 u. n1inun11 3 u. n1uivnnu1uLnannu Beam Not SAFE
auunn1uivnnuu11 12 iun: ::u:uaun1vuaulvu1nvan = 12 f 32S = 0.0369 u.
v:a = 3.69 u. n1inun11 3.69 u. n1uivnnu1uLnannu Beam Not Safe in:1:
a:uu1u11 nna:inanvu1nnivnnva1u1:n:Lu:uiaauvu1nn1nna :L1uiuunvu1
nn1nna unn1n1n1:uaun1u1ninun11n1vun n1uunuu1uLnannuaun un1i:1a::
1nau1u1:11n1uivnnn1uvu1nnvi:1ltivnn:Ln::nuuuuaun1iv11: in:1:tu1n
1n1n:uuL1nv1inui1n1nnn1u1nv1n1n1:uaun1 in:1:luunn::LuLLun:nqnn::u
taun1un1:n1u1nv1::u:uaun1uuuuu1nLauu1nununu1u1uv1an:a1i:aun:
:1L:1unuu1iLu:au(Lunn1ua1u1:nv11nn1un1in:1:nault CALCULUS tuaut1u
lun1:n1u1n1nuuunluunn::LuLL:Lv11nL::u1n S0 n11 :LuLL :1u1n S0 n11
an:lu n1u(an: an1svuunan1u1na1n1L:un:u1in:1:v1n:ua:1uitu STADD,
ETAB,PROCON,N!CRO FEEP,EZ-FRANE , FASTTRAK ,STRUCTURE ANALYS!S v:a
au(...................(tau WAvEE OR!G!NAL SOFTWARE nu EZ FRANE 2D,3D)
unnituu1L:un:u STD inanva:v11snnn11uuin:1:inaqlt1L:un:u1in:1:v1n:u
a:1uvnn11u1t1unuuu1uiLuan1L:un:uiuaua1nuninun11va:i:uu(auau1u1Lun1)
unlt1s Depth to Span ratio for Limiting deflection to Lf32S of Span nnavu1nn1L
r......................
1sn1:iLnuuuLnuan:n1:na1:n1vu1nnivnn:Ln::n
ltlun:nninu un:v1unauun11uit1laau1unauuvun:nnnau
1. nnLun:1aaaL
2. inn Frame utuu1v1uaana1n Frame uun:v1unn OK
lvauinnv:LuunuLauvuun1uLu1uua 1LnnnLiLnnnn
v:LuunuLau unv1uaana1n Frame u
3. 1Lnnv Change Fy a:ivu Frame
Design Code inntu n1vuuaa 2S00
a:ituiLuaununna1u1:nnnvn1vuuaa
2S00 inaiLnuun1 Fy n1uvnaun1:
+. n1vuuaa Change Deflection
Change Fb , Change Fv a:uaitu
nna1u1:nnnniLnuun11nn1uv
nnn1vuniau
S. n1au( itu Zx , Shear Force
u1vun1nv: nnnau1Linan:L
n::ntauvu1nn lu Node
n1vuniau
Page 16
.... .. -, .. ......
Page 1+ Page 1S ........r...........
....................
a:Lan:vltlun1:na1:n1vu1nnivnn:Ln::n
1sn1:iLnuuuLnuan:n1:na1:n1vu1nnivnn:Ln::n
ltlun:nninu un:v1unauun11uit1laau1unauuvun:nnnau
Depth to Span Ratio For Limiting Deflection to 1 f 32S Of Span
an:1a1un11unn inan1vun1ulv::u:1n:un1inu L f 32S
A. u1naun1: Distributed Load
Naximum bending moment N = w x L'2 f 8 v:a = W x L f 8 .............(1).....
iua W = total load on span (u1vunvuvun+u1vunn1un1u)
w = load per unit length (u1vunianunan11uu11taun1u) = W f L
L = length span (n11uu11n1u)
For Steel of Fy = 2S0 Npa (nL::u1n 2,S00 kg.fsq.cm.u1n:j1uiuau1vu)
Noment = N = Fb x Zx
Fb = 0.66 x Fy = 0.66 x 2S0 = 16S Npa
Zx = ! f ( Df2 )
N = 16S x ! f ( Df2) = 330 x ! f D ...............(2).....
un N = W x L f 8 ...............(1)....
in:1:a:uu N = W x L f 8 = 330 x ! f D (n1u 1 un: 2 )
u1uaun1: D = ( 8 x 330 )x ! f W x L = 26+0 x ! f W x L ......(3).....

n1::u:1n:un1n1uan: = ( S f 38+ ) x ( W x L'3f E x ! ) = L f 32S n1u
u1uaun1: ! = S x 32S x W x L'3 f ( 38+ x E )
n1 E = 2 x 10'S
! = S x 32S x W x L'2 f 38+ x 2 x 10'S
uvun1 ! luaun1:.....(3)............
D = 26+0 x S x 32S x L f 38+ x 2 x 10'S
a:1nn1 D f L = 1 f 17.9 (1nuL::u1n)

* !f D is greater than L f 17.9 , deflection will not be the criterion for design
* n1n1 D (n11unntaun1u)u1nn11 L f 17.9 n1:uaun1v:a::u:1n:u1uinu L f 32S na1uunn
nLn1:aanuLL
B. n:11uu1nauna1:n1aun1:n:nviLu Concentrated central load L1u
Naximum bending moment = N = W x L f +
iua W na Concentrated central load v:a Point Load L na Span
Fy = 2S0 Npa (nL::u1n 2,S00 kg.fsq.cm.u1n:j1uiuau1vu)
Noment = N = Fb x Zx
Fb = 0.66 x Fy = 0.66 x 2S0 = 16S Npa
Zx = ! f ( Df2 )
N = 16S x ! f ( Df2 ) = 330 x ! f D
N = W x L f + = 330 x ! f D
u1uaun1: D = 1320 x ! f W .....(+)....

n1::u:1n:un1n1uan: = W x L'3 f +8 x E x ! = L f 32S n1u
u1uaun1: ! = 32S f +8 x W x L'2 f E
n1 E = 2 x 10'S
! = 32S x W x L'2 f +8 x 2 x 10'S
uvun1 ! luaun1: .....(+).........
D = 1320 x 32S f +8 x 2 x 10'S x L
a:1nn1 D f L = 1320 x 32S f +8 x 2 x10'S = 1 f 22.+ (1nuL::u1n)
*aua:L1n11 n1 D (n11unntaun1u)u1nn11 L f 17.9 ::u:1n:un1 Deflection 1uinu L f 32S uuuau




Nax
Nax
._ e . ...... s s...,...,vv-.,-, v
.- -..:,s. -. ..:::,.,:
Fy = 2,S00 kg.fsq.cm. Fb = 0.60 x Fy Fv = 0.+0 x Fy
n1:na1:n1un:n:1aaaL11vu1nnivnn:Ln::nlt1nv:a1u 3 ta
1. Bending Noment a1n1na1un:u nau1uu1ninun11 Fb x Zx
2. Shear Force a1n1na1un:unau1uu1nn11 vv = Fv x nuvvu1nnivnn(aiv1)
3. Nax.Length Span vaanuLLnau1uu1nn11 Depth x 17.9
*iuaua1n1nun1:nou1un:nau1nv:inannn1anlvu( a1v:Lltlu1n:ua:1u
nituun::vunn11a1au1n1n:vn1uv1uun11ua1iLunaun1vun Properties tauivnn
:Ln::niau v:au1it1a1nn1uL::ivn v:alt1anau( itu a1nuiuuu 1u nn1ann
v:aivnnnnn1nauu1n:j1uau( nituuauiLnv1uinanlvnlt1L:un:ua1u1:nit11L
un1tn1n1u(vltlun1:n1u1n nan1 Fy , Fb , Fv , Zx , Shear Force , Depth to Span
Ratio 1nunau11inanuulvnvuu1uit1lanauuvit11Lun1t in:1:a:innn11unn
nn1n un:a1a1nnnnnsv1unnnau
1Lviuu Edit Design Factor
n:L1uuaL::naLa:ivu11
nn1ua1u1:niLnuun1
Change Deflection
Change Fb
Change Fv
unnannnn Change Fy
a:L:1ng Frame n1un1u:Ln1u
nnnuuiLnuun1 Fy 1u1nitunu