Entrevista com

Philippe Lejeune
)
' lrclcsscra dc Li nua Franccsa c dc
Litcraturas dc Linua Franccsa da FlF.
lcutcranda cr Litcratura Ccrparada, FF.
!ovita Maria Gerheim
Noronha "
Abstract
cnrc that cxists in-bctWccn
licticn and histcr,, ccnsidcrcd
b, ran, as a ri ncr cnc,
autcbicraph, tcck adantac
cl i t s l i ri nal pcsi t i cn and
cxpandcd its licld cl intcrcst,
callin thc attcnticn cl thcsc
Whc ar c at t r act cd b, t hc
adcnturc cl thc lanuac cl a
rcllcxic 'l', cithcr a rcat Writcr
cr an crdinar, ran, and alsc
cl thcsc Whc scc it as a priilccd
WindcW tc thc pcrccpticn cl
sccial ricrclundarcnts. lhilippc
Lccunc, a rckncWn spccialist in
ccr, lcrr cl thc Writin cl thc
'l', rcscarchcr at thc lnstitut
nicrsitairc dc Francc, prclcsscr
l pctcsi , rci sta dc
cst udcs l i t crari cs
lui dc Fcra,
. , n. 2
p. 21 a S0

at thc nicrsitc dc laris-Ncrd |\illctancusc)

and cc-lcundcr cl thc AlA |Asscciaticn
pcur lautcbicraphic ct lc patrircinc
autcbicraphiuc), talks abcut thcsc issucs
in thc lcllcWin intcricW
1
.
Keywords: Autcbicraph,, litcraturc and
sccict,, lhilippc Lccunc.
I - Ao B:~:II, o :co: c .oc.Iuo :o:cIuuo .oo o ]~I~ uo
]~.Io ~uIoIo:JII.o~. /c I~Io, o :co: IoI o ]:IcI:o ~ ]:o]o: u~ ucIII,Jo
uc ~uIoIo:~II~ ~:c~u~ c u .oI:~Io uc IcIIu:~ cI:c o ~uIo:-~::~uo:-
]c::o~c c o IcIIo: c ~ c:I~cIc.c: ~: :c:~: uc::c ]oo. C :co: :cIu
c :cuIu~ c::~ ucIII,Jo II.I~I c Ic I~.Ic ~uIoIo:~]Iuc (I:/~,
u~,~uo ~Iu: ]oIo:. (u~I c :u~ ]o:I,Jo uI~Ic uo ]~.Io o]c?
k - Nc rc ccnsidcrc c pai- dc pactc, pcis issc sinilicaria dicr uc
crici a ccisa. Eu scu antcs scu lilhc. ccnstatci uc clc cxistia c c a clc uc
dcc sc nc a ida, pclc rcncs a lala. \cu lhc ccntar a histcria. Er 1?71, cu
uis lacr ur uadrc cral da autcbicralia lranccsa, c uc nunca haia sidc
lcitc. lara issc, prccisaa dc ura dclinicc. Fiuci cspantadc ac ccnstatar uc
c IcxIo autcbicralicc c c tcxtc licicnal pcdiar cbcdcccr s rcsras lcis.
A dilcrcnca cntrc clcs nc cstaa nc prcpric tcxtc, ras nc uc Ccrard Ccncttc
charcu dc paratcxtc, nc ccrprcrissc dc autcr ccr c lcitcr cr dicr a
crdadc scbrc si rcsrc. E ccrplctarcntc dilcrcntc dc ccrprcrissc uc sc
tcr na liccc - uc c antcs ur uc:.o]:oI::o, a instauracc dc ur cc,
dc ur distanciarcntc. E a atitudc dc lcitcr, scu tipc dc incstircntc c tarbcr
ruitc dilcrcntc. E clarc uc cntrc csscs dcis pclcs, pcdc-sc tcr pcsicccs
intcrrcdiarias, ccrprcrctircntcs, arbiuidadcs - tudc auilc uc sc dclinc
hcc ccr c tcrrc ac dc autcliccc-. Mas as pcsicccs intcrrcdiarias nasccr
dcsscs pclcs, clas nc cxistiriar scr clcs. Eu rc ccnccntrci cntc nc pclc
autcbicralicc, uc nunca lcra cstudadc, ac passc uc tcncladas dc cbras
haiar sidc dcdicadas liccc. Quantc autcbicralia, ccnsidcraa-sc uc
sc cxplicaa pcr si sc, ia-sc ncla apcnas ura subcatccria dc discursc
histcricc, c, alcr dissc, cra ista ccr ur ccrtc dcsprcc, ruitcs ccnsidcraar
uc nc cra litcratura c supunhar uc, ac sc buscar a crdadc, saia-sc dc
carpc da artc...
I - C :co: cIJo ]:o]o: u~ ucIII,Jo ]~:~ cI~...
k - !ir c nc. Eu sirplcsrcntc pcuci a dclinicc dada pclcs dicicnarics.
Eu nc prcpus- prcpriarcntc ura dclinicc, ras a ccnstatci c, cr scuida,
analisci-a. Er I-uIoIo:~]Ic c /:~.c |1?71), utilici cssa dclinicc dc
rcdc ur pcucc dcraticc para lacr ura triacr dcs tcxtcs. Mas, a partir
dc I~.Ic -uIoIo:~]Iuc |1?75) atc hcc, c uc prcalcccu lci a analisc,
1 Asscciaticn pcur lautcbicraphic |AlA), La Crcncttc, 10 ruc Arcdcc-bcnnct, 01500 Arbcricu-
cn-buc,, Franca. !itc. http.//pcrsc.Wanadcc.lr/apa/
Ent rci st a ccr
lhi l i ppc Lc cunc
l ci t a Mari a Ccrhci r
Ncr cnha
!
nc c dcra. Eu adcrc, rais cu rcncs ccrc lacr Ccncttc cu lakcbscn,
distinuir cs nicis dc dcscricc, cr a ara dc sclucccs pcssicis cr cada
nicl, suas ccrbinacccs scundc dcrinantcs ariacis, ctc. Essas dcscricccs
bcr alinadas audar a cscapar dc dcratisrc c pcrritcr pcnsar a histcria,
c uc cs lcrralistas russcs charaar dc ~:I~IIIu~uc. Lcc, cu prcpric nc
tcnhc ura dclinicc pcsscal. trabalhc ccr a dclinicc dc tcdc c rundc.
Tcntc cbscrar ac rcsrc tcrpc c ccntrc dc sistcra, c pclc |c ccrprcrissc
dc cscrccr a crdadc scbrc si) c as rarcns, as situacccs lrcntciricas dc
tcdcs cs tipcs, nas uais a inllucncia dc cutrc pclc sc la scntir, c cndc sc
criar intcrlcrcncias, lranas- cndc cs dcis sistcras ranilcstar, atracs dc
ccnllitc, c uc cada ur dclcs tcr dc prcpric. pclc c c ccrprcrissc dc
dicr a crdadc scbrc si. E ur atc :c~I, uc irplica a pcssibilidadc dc
crilicacc, c uc ccrprcrctc dc latc, sccialrcntc c uridicarcntc, pcdcndc,
s ccs, atc chcar ac tribunal. A cssc aspcctc rclcrcncial uc c cpcc
liccc, acrcsccnta-sc ur aspcctc rclacicnal, uc c distinuc dc discursc
histcricc. c autcbicralc cclcca scu lcitcr cr pcric. Elc lhc pcdc alc.
rcccnhccircntc, aprcacc, arcr. E, ac rcsrc tcrpc, sucrc cu prcpcc alc
rais crbaraccsc ainda. a rcciprccidadc. lcitcr c lcrcadc a pcnsar cr sua
prcpria ida cr tcrrcs analccs, rcsrc sc nc ticr cntadc dc lac-lc.
A autcbicralia c ccntaicsa c ruitas pcsscas tcr rcdc dcla. Essc c c pclc.
Quantc s lranas cu lrcntciras, pcdc-sc c-las analisandc tcdas as prcducccs
hibridas, as autcliccccs, as rcrcrias irainarias, as autcbicralias cr tcrccira
pcssca, ctc. u cntc dcixandc c carpc da linua cscrita. scria a rcsra
ccisa lalar dc sua ida cu cscrcc-la? lc rcdc alur. Escrcc-la cu dcscnha-la?
Ncsscs ultircs ancs tcntci cr sc a iracr scria capa dc dicr cu- scr
rcccrrcr linuacr articulada. Ha pclc rcncs intc ancs, suriu ur cincra
autcbicralicc |dccurcntaric distantc da liccc), histcrias cr uadrinhcs
autcbicralicas, ctc. E as ncas incncccs criar crdadciras situacccs
cxpcrircntais- dc labcratcric. c uc accntccc ccr c diaric intirc uandc
cscritc na lntcrnct?...
I - /c I~Io, c :cu: ]:IcI:o: II:o:, o :co: ~~II:ou IcxIo: uc
:~uc: ~uIo:c: I~I: .oo /c~-/~.uc: Rou::c~u, /c~-I~uI 3~:I:c, II.cI
IcI:I:. I~:, ~ ]~:II: uc A AIJ K )KJHA (.'oU/, ]~::ou ~ :c IIc:c::~: I~c
]cI~: cI:cI:I~: :~uIoIoI.~:, ]cI~ ~uIoIo:~II~ I~I~u~, ]cIo: :cI~Io: uc Iu~
uc ~oIo:, cII ]cI~: ~uIoIo:~II~: uo: uc Jo c:.:cc~, :~~u~:, c
]uII.~u~: c Io:~ uc II:o. Io: uc c::~ uu~,~uc uI:c,Jo?
k - \ccc dissc ccrtc. cu passci a rc intcrcssar I~c. Nc sc trata dc
latc dc ura rudanca dc dirccc, c uc laria supcr uc abandcnci c cutrc
carinhc. nc, cu ccntinuc apaixcnadc pcla litcratura| liarcs uc sca ura
arpliacc. lcr uc sc rcstrinir? lcr uc nc cstudar arias ccisas ac rcsrc
tcrpc? lcr uc nc clhar a rcalidadc scb tcdas as laccs? - ras, pcr cutc
ladc, ccc tcr rac. hcuc ura rudanca dc dirccc. Ccrccci ccnsidcrandc
a autcbicralia ccrc ur cncrc litcraric, rinha isc cra cstrcita c acadcrica,
crbcra ticssc ura ccrta ccndcsccndcncia pcr auclas pcbrcs pcsscas uc
nc crar cscritcrcs c uc tcntaar cscrccr scbrc si rcsrcs. Assir, dc
l pctcsi , rci sta dc
cst udcs l i t crari cs
lui dc Fcra,
. , n. 2
p. 21 a S0
"
inicic, uandc cstaa cstudandc kcusscau c !artrc, rinha larilia ccnlicu-rc
ur dia ura pilha dc cadcrncs ranuscritcs dc rcu bisa Xaicr-Edcuard
Lccunc |18+5-1?18), ccrcrciaric uc dcdicara scus dcrincs a cscrccr
sua autcbicralia. Eu cra tc clitista, tc prctcnsicsc uc dc inicic dcsprcci
auclcs tcxtcs apaixcnantcs c cs dcixci dc ladc pcr dc ancs antcs dc dcs-
ccbrir scu intcrcssc. lrccisci dc tcrpc c dc ur randc cslcrcc pcsscal para
ccrprccndcr uc as autcbicralias dc cscritcrcs crar apcnas ura pcucna
prcincia dc ur pais ircnsc, uc c dircitc dc cscrccr scbrc si pcrtcncia a
tcdcs c uc cssa pratica tinha suas lcis prcprias, scr rclacc ccr as lcis da
litcratura. Fci cntc uc rc dcrccratici, sc pcssc dicr assir, c rc
intcrdisciplinarici. Eu dccria tcr rcccrccadc rcus cstudcs| Tcrnci-rc
histcriadcr aprcndcndc a trabalhar ccr aruics c scciclcc aprcndcndc a
lacr pcsuisas... Frcucntci rais antrcpclccs c psicclccs uc analistas dc
litcratura. rcsultadc c uc rcus cclcas dc arca rc clhar hcc dc cara
lcia c rc pcruntar cndc, para rir, tcrrina a litcratura. aaaa
I - C :co: ]~::ou ~ I:~~I~: c :cuIu~ .o o: uIJ:Io:...
k - lc latc, arplici ainda rais rcu carpc dc trabalhc. A autcbicralia
c ur atc cxccpcicnal c intiridadcr. ccr uc dircitc ccnta-sc a prcpria ida?
E prccisc dc alura rancira cstar lcitiradc. Alcr dissc, ccrc ccnstruir
ura narratia uc prcnda a atcncc dcs cutrcs? E ura artc dilicil. A autc-
bicralia c pcis ur atc pcucc lrcucntc. pcucas sc cscritas crbcra ruitas
scar lidas. la ccr c diaric, accntccc cxatarcntc c ccntraric. ruitcs sc
cscritcs |8 dcs lranccscs alirrar tcr ur diaric, c uc sinilica rais dc trcs
rilhccs dc pcsscas) c pcuccs sc lidcs. diaric nc intirida. Tcdcs achar
tcr c dircitc dc cscrccr ur c sc crccr capacs dc lac-lc. Mas c ura cscrita
II:IcI. Nc c uasc nunca publicada c c lrcucntcrcntc dcstruida. ccntrc
da ccna, nas lirarias, c ccupadc pclcs diarics dc cscritcrcs uc sc ruitc
intcrcssantcs, c clarc, ras nc sc rcprcscntatics. E rinha c acra dc
lacr ura pcrunta. nc brasil, cxistcr pcsuisas scbrc a pratica dc diaric?
I - AJo uc cu :~I~...
k - \ccc dccria lacr ura... basta acrcsccntar ura pcrunta a cssc
rcspcitc cr ura pcsuisa cstatistica nacicnal |pcr cxcrplc scbrc as praticas
culturais). u cntc lacr ura pcsuisa ualitatia-, atracs dc ur anuncic
publicadc na ridia. !c ccc tcr ur diaric, lalc scbrc clc|-. u cntc, distribuir
ucsticnarics cr cscclas c unicrsidadcs. Eu cxpcrircntci tcdcs csscs rcdclcs
dcsdc 1?8. Antcs, dc 1?71 a 1?8, cu dcixara c diaric lcra dc rinhas
pcsuisas, pcis tinha prcccnccitcs cr rclacc a clc, talc pcruc ticssc
uardadc ura lcrbranca ruir dc rcu diaric dc adclcsccncia, ccrccadc
acs15 ancs. kcccncrti-rc-, pcis, ac diaric cr 1?8, c tcntci cstuda-lc
nc ccrc ur cncrc litcraric, ras ccrc ura pratica crdinaria. Er 1??7, pcr
sucstc rinha, a Asscciaticn pcur lautcbicraphic cranicu ura randc
cxpcsicc dc diarics intircs cr ura biblictcca publica cr L,cn. rcstrarcs
ccrca dc 250 diarics risturandc cs dc cclcbridadcs |bcnarin Ccnstant,
Ent rci st a ccr
lhi l i ppc Lc cunc
l ci t a Mari a Ccrhci r
Ncr cnha
#
Aricl, Cidc, ctc.) ccr a rassa dc diarics dc dcsccnhccidcs uc ncs lcrar
ccnliadcs pcr scus autcrcs c uc ccnstitucr ur unicrsc abundantc.
I - :cu uIIIo II:o, Cc: .:~...~, o :co: .oIIu~ :u~ ]c:uI:~
:o:c o: uIJ:Io:, ~: c:.:IIo: c ouI:o II]o uc :u]o:Ic, o .o]uI~uo:, c
]uII.~uo:~ ~ /Ic:cI...
k - A lntcrnct clcrccc ura cpcrtunidadc lcrridacl para c diaric.
ccc pcdc scr lidc scr scr publicadc, cla curtc-circuita a triacr lcita pclcs
cditcrcs, ualucr ur pcdc rcntar sua pcucna itrinc| Na Franca, cxistcr
circulcs- uc pcrritcr cnccntrar rapidarcntc ccrca dc 200 diarics o IIc.
sandc ur pscudnirc, ccc pcdc prcscrar sua intiridadc, lacr arics
dcsccnhccidcs scr uc issc intcrlira cr sua ida rcal. E scu lcitcr tcr a
cpcrtunidadc dc scuir sua ida dia a dia, ccrc ura nccla, ccrpartilhar
cr tcrpc rcal dc suas cxpcctatias, cspcrancas, dcsilusccs. Antcs da lntcrnct,
cs diarics crar scrprc lidcs rctrcspcctiarcntc, c lcitcr pcdia sabcr a
ccntinuacc, ac passc uc acra clc ccrpartilha tctalrcntc da cxpcricncia
dc autcr c, scbrctudc, dc uc c a prcpria basc dc diaric. incrar c luturc|
Na Franca, csscs diarics sc cscritcs scbrctudc pcr ccns adultcs, cntrc 20
c S5 ancs... !c cxpcricncias litcrarias sua rancira |c prccisc sabcr prcndcr
a atcncc dc publicc dia apcs dia), ras tarbcr scciais, pcis criar-sc ncas
ariadcs c cstabclccc-sc ura cspccic dc intiridadc cr rcdc-, sc pcssc
dicr assir...
I - C :co: c u uo: Iuu~uo:c: u~ -I-, ~ -::o.I~IIo ]ou:
I~uIoIo:~]Ic cI Ic ]~I:IoIc ~uIoIo:~]Iuc. (u~I: :Jo o: o]cIIo: c
~: ~IIIu~uc: uc::~ ~::o.I~,Jo?
k - Eu lundci cssa asscciacc cr 1??2... Fci ura cstranha acntura,
ncssc casc tarbcr, ura acntura dc ariadc. As pcsscas licar scrprc
cspantadas cr sabcr uc autcbicralcs, supcstarcntc indiidualistas c
narcisistas, pcdcr sc asscciar. ra, c clarc uc sir| Quandc sc rcllctc scbrc
a prcpria ida, c pcssicl sc intcrcssar pcla dcs cutrcs, pcr ccrparacc c
sirpatia. Fiuci irprcssicnadc, nc lir dcs ancs 80, pclas cartas puncntcs
uc rcccbi dc autcbicralcs c diaristas uc nc sabiar c uc lacr ccr scus
cscritcs. Era irpcssicl cdita-las, irpcssicl uarda-las ncs aruics c
biblictccas a lctadcs. Alcr dissc, pcdc-sc ccnliar na transrissc lariliar?
Tantcs cadcrncs c ccrrcspcndcncias acabar nc lixc, pcis ninucr sc intcrcssa
pcr clcs... lcus auda ucr sc auda-, di c prccrbic. ra aria, Chantal
Chac,riat-lurculin, rc sucriu lundar ura asscciacc. Ela lci lalar ccr c
prclcitc c a biblictccaria dc sua cidadc |ura cidadcinha pcrtc dc L,cn,
Arbcricu-cn-buc,) uc cntcndcrar c intcrcssc dc prcctc c rcsclcrar
audar ccdcndc ur randc cspacc na biblictcca runicipal. uc la ncssa
asscciacc? Ela lc, ccrcnta c ccnscra tcdcs cs tcxtcs autcbicraliccs
|narratias, diarics, cartas) incditcs uc lhc sc cniadcs. lcsdc 1??2,
rcccbcrcs rais dc 1200 tcxtcs, dcsdc narratias ccr ccrca dc dc painas
atc ur diaric intirc cr 5 cadcrncs| Tcrcs, cr dilcrcntcs luarcs da Franca,
l pctcsi , rci sta dc
cst udcs l i t crari cs
lui dc Fcra,
. , n. 2
p. 21 a S0
$
cincc rupcs dc lcitura uc lccr apaixcnadarcntc tcdcs csscs tcxtcs c lacr
rcscnhas uc sc publicadas a cada dcis ancs, ccnstituindc ura cspccic dc
catalcc ccrcntadc dc ncssc accrc, c ~:uc-IcoI:c. s tcxtcs cltar cr
scuida para Arbcricu c licar dispcsicc dcs curicscs, aradcrcs dc
autcbicralias, c dcs pcsuisadcrcs |histcriadcrcs, scciclccs...) Editarcs tarbcr
ura rcista, I~ /~uIc J Rou::c~u, craniarcs cnccntrcs dc lins-dc scrana,
tcrcs rupcs dc cscrita c rcllcxc. A asscciacc rcunc atualrcntc ccrca dc 800
pcsscas c tcr ur cbctic rilitantc. inccntiar as pcsscas uc cscrccr suas
idas dicndc-lhcs uc sc trata dc ura pratica util, dina dc cstira uc clas
tcr rac dc lac-lc c uc nc cstc scinhas. Na Franca - nc sci sc
accntccc c rcsrc nc brasil - ha ruitcs prcccnccitcs ccntra a autcbicralia...
I - C :co: :c I:]I:ou c ~Iu~ cx]c:Ic.I~ ~Ic:Io:, c ~Iu
oucIo ]~:~ Iuu~: c::~ ~::o.I~,Jo?
k - lnspirci-rc nc rcdclc dc ura iniciatia cxtracrdinaria dcs italiancs.
Er 1?8+, !acric Tutinc, ur crnalista ccrunista, cspccialista cr Arcrica
Latina, instituiu cr ur ilarcc da Tcscana, licc !. !tclanc, ur lrcric nacicnal
dc autcbicralia-. Er 1?88, lui cr ccrc auilc luncicnaa c crbcra csticssc
ur pcucc rcticcntc uantc idcia dc ccncursc-, liuci scduidc, pcis cra
ura cxpcricncia lcrridacl. lissc a rir rcsrc. c pcssicl| Quandc lundci a
AlA, nc uis prcrccr ncnhur ccncursc, ras, uantc ac rcstc, sc
crprcndircntcs analccs, c tcrcs ur bcr intcrcrbic ccr clcs. Er 1??8,
na Alcranha, cricu-sc ura asscciacc analca AlA, tarbcr cr ura
cidadcinha, Errcndincn, na Flcrcsta Ncra. s trcs aruics trabalhar
untcs c lcrrar a basc dc ura rcdc curcpcia- dc autcbicralia. Tcntarcs
cstabclcccr liacccs ccr rupcs dc cutrcs paiscs uc tcnhar as rcsras
prcccupacccs uc ncs. Talc sca ur scnhc. a ccrprccnsc cntrc as culturas
racas autcbicralia...
I - C :co: ]ouc:I~ o: I~I~: u ]ou.o uc :cu IEJA -uIo]~.Ic~
2
?
k - Ccr pracr. E ur :IIc dccurcntaric- scbrc a cscrita autcbicralica.
Nclc pcdc-sc cnccntrar ruitas rclcrcncias biblicralicas |cr linua lranccsa),
inlcrracccs scbrc cclcuics, cnccntrcs, lista dc cndcrcccs utcis, lrarcntcs
dc tcxtcs... E tarbcr aluns artics rcus incditcs, cu publicadcs cr rcistas
liadas ac tcra. ccrc cnsinar a autcbicralia, c uc c c pactc autcbicralicc,
pcruc cu rc intcrcssc pcr issc... Minha idcia c uc cada pais dccria tcr ur
:IIc scbrc c cncrc autcbicralicc. Achc uc ccc dccria criar ur parccidc
nc brasil| E prccisc uc cada cultura, cada linua, prcpcnha ur luar dc
inlcrracc scbrc a cxprcssc cscrita da cxpcricncia iida. r dcs randcs
prcblcras atuais cr ncssc carpc c ncssa incrncia rclatia cr rclacc s
culturas cstranciras c tarbcr ac dcrinic da linua c idcclcia arcricanas.
Mas nc adianta nada rcclarar da lcbaliacc, da unilcrriacc dc tudc.
Ncssc casc tarbcr, lcus auda ucr sc auda|-
2 wcbsitc. 'Autcpactc'. http.//Wcrldscrcr.clcanc.ccr/autcpact/
Ent rci st a ccr
lhi l i ppc Lc cunc
l ci t a Mari a Ccrhci r
Ncr cnha
%
I - o:~ :u~ I:~]cIo:I~ IIcIc.Iu~I :c]~ ]oIu~u~ ]o: uu~,~: uc
uI:c,Jo, o :co: :c]:c ]c:~c.cu IIcI ~o cc:o ~uIoIo:JII.o. Coo
cx]II.~ c::~ ]~IxJo?
k - Acra ccc rc dcixcu crbaracadc. para rcspcndcr sua pcrunta,
scria prccisc lhc ccntar rinha ida| !cria ur pracr, ras nc c lacil lac-lc
cr trcs lrascs. \cu tcntar assir rcsrc. lrircirarcntc, c cstc pcla linuacr.
dcsdc ruitc pcucnc, cu cstc das palaras, dc pccsia, dc lrascs c dc tcxtcs,
dc lapis c lclhas - c, acra, da tcla dc rcu ccrputadcr| A cxpcricncia da
sclidc, cr scundc luar, durantc rinha adclcsccncia, ccrc tantcs cutrcs
ccns. E, pcr lir, ura tctal inaptidc para a liccc. Essc tcrccirc pcntc c
talc c csscncial. lalta-rc ura laculdadc uc ruitcs pcssucr. nc tcnhc
irainacc. Nc sci incntar ncr lacr dc ccnta. E a raicr partc dcs rcranccs
ccntcrpcrnccs rc cntcdiar. lai cr cssa cspccic dc incnuidadc uc rc
ccnlina nc carpc da crdadc, uc rc la crcr uc c pcssicl dic-la. lai cr
rinha rcclta diantc dcs uc pcnsar uc a artc nc cxistc lcra da liccc.
Ncs rcics litcrarics lranccscs, ha atualrcntc ura crdadcira rcliic da
litcratura c ur dcsprcc scr liritcs pcla autcbicralia. A prcpria palara
parccc ur insultc. sc c uc ccc cscrcc c autcbicralia, ccc nc c ur
artista. Eu pcnsc c ccntraric, a autcbicralia |busca cbstinada da crdadc)
pcdc scr ura artc. ra das rudancas dc dirccc csscnciais cr rinha
ida lci a dcsccbcrta da cbra dc Michcl Lciris. r pccta surrcalista uc
dcdiccu sua ida autcbicralia| Quc a translcrrcu cr ur cncrc dc
anuarda| E uc sc rantcc licl a ura cspccic dc dccr para ccr a crdadc|
Enccntrci cr scuida cr cutrcs artistas ccntcrpcrnccs, Cccrcs lcrcc,
Claudc Mauriac, pcr cxcrplc, c rcsrc cstc pcla crdadc, c a rcsra
incntiidadc. \ccc lcu W ou Ic 3oucI: ucI~.c, lcu Ic Ic]: IoIIc?
Essas cbras rcprcscntar a nca lrcntcira dc ncssa cpcca, c crdadcirc
dcsalic. Enccntrar ncas lcrras cscrupulcsarcntc cridicas, uc cxprcssar
c uc cra atc cntc irpcnsacl, incxpriricl cr ncssa cxpcricncia - dcsculpc-
rc pcr rc cntusiasrar assir. ccc rc pcruntcu scbrc a cricr dc rinha
paixc, c cssa.
I - (u~I: :Jo :cu: ]:o]cIo: ~Iu~I:?
k - Estcu ccr arias panclas nc lcc-. Tcdas clas sc rclacicnar ccr
c diaric. As ccs, rc pcruntc sc, dcpcis dc rcu pcricdc autcbicralicc-
c rcu pcricdc diaric-, hacra ur tcrccirc. . . !c rc laltara cxplcrar a
ccrrcspcndcncia| Nc rcrcntc, cstcu prcparandc ura cdicc dc diaric
dc ur adclcsccntc dc scculc XlX, laul larin. Estcu intcrcssadc tarbcr
cr diarics dc criancas, a partir dcs cscritcs dc ura rcnina dc sctc
ancs uc ccrcccu a cscrccr ur diaric nc rcrcntc cr uc aprcndcu
a cscrccr. Mas, scbrctudc, cstcu ccr ur randc prcctc histcricc, ura
pcsuisa scbrc as cricns dc diaric. Minha pcrunta c. pcr uc a pratica
dc diaric sc aparcccu c sc dcscnclcu nc cidcntc nc lir da ldadc
Mcdia? \ccc bcr sabc uc cxistcr ruitas discussccs scbrc a cricr da
autcbicralia. . .
l pctcsi , rci sta dc
cst udcs l i t crari cs
lui dc Fcra,
. , n. 2
p. 21 a S0
&
I - /::o IoI o]cIo uc u~ .c:I~ ]oIcI.~ cI:c o :co: c co:c:
u:uo:I...
k - Nunca pclcrici dc latc ccr clc... liarcs uc clc nc ccnccrdaa
ccr rinha rancira dc cr a autcbicralia ccrc ura criacc dcs tcrpcs
rcdcrncs. Lcci a scric a prircira lrasc das CoII::0c: dc kcusscau. lc
lcrrc unc cntrcprisc ui ncut arais dcxcrplc-. E crdadc uc -: CoII::0c:
sc inscrccr cr arias tradicccs antcricrcs, litcrarias, rcrais c rcliicsas.
Mas kcusscau, ac rcsrc tcrpc, pcr sua sinccridadc cxplcsia c suas
ccnccpcccs rcclucicnarias scbrc a histcria da pcrscnalidadc, lc a autcbic-
ralia cntrar cr ur ncc cspacc... Ha, c clarc as CoII::0c: dc !antc Acstinhc
c cutrcs tcxtcs pcsscais na Antiuidadc uc pcdcr scr ccnsidcradcs ccrc
lcntcs... s cncrcs litcrarics sc ccrc as pcsscas. cr tcrnc dclcs sc ccnstrci
ura ritclcia prcstiicsa, ura lcnda... Quantc ac diaric, c ruitc rais sirplcs.
antcs dc lir da ldadc Mcdia, clc nc cxistia. Mcu prcctc c csclarcccr c
prcblcra c cxplcrar as prirciras lcrras dc diaric na Franca, dc lirc dc
rac ac diaric cspiritual. Nc ultirc incrnc, passci dias intcircs prccurandc
cr aruics diarics cspirituais lranccscs para chcar ccnclusc dc uc
cxistcr pcuuissircs c uc uasc ninucr cs lcu. Mcrulhci na histcria dc
papcl - pcis cssa c ura das chacs csscnciais. papcl nc apcnas substituiu
c pcrarinhc a partir dc scculc X\, ras, prircirarcntc c scbrctudc, substituiu
as tabulas dc ccra uc scriar para as cscritas ccrrcntcs c latalrcntc clcrcras.
Fci assir uc rcrulhci na histcria dc tcrpc. c rclcic rccnicc |incntadc
nc scculc Xl\) c c calcndaric... Existcr, pcis, rultiplcs latcrcs c diarics ccr
luncccs ruitc dilcrcntcs. irpcssicl cnccntrar ura rac sirplcs, ur atc
lundadcr - c uc tcrna c tcra ainda rais lascinantc. Nc rcrcntc, tcnhc
pcis diantc dc rir ur randc cantcirc dc cbras. E cssa pcsuisa rc parccc
scr a ccntinuacc da rinha pcsuisa antcricr scbrc cs cibcrdiaristas, sc
dcis cstudcs dc ridiclcia-, ccrc diria kcis lcbra,. Estudci ccrc, scb
ncsscs clhcs, ur ciculc ncc ccrc a lntcrnct pcdia translcrrar as cstratcias
dc diaric. E acra tcntarci cr ccrc, nc scculc X\, c papcl pcrritiu uc clc
nasccssc. Eis cs rcus prcctcs antcs da apcscntadcria...
I - C :co: ]J ~I :c ~]o:cI~:? I~: I::o Jo :IIII.~ uc J ]~:~:
.o]IcI~cIc...
k - Er 200+, uandc licr ancs, scra prccisc uc cu rcnuncic ac
pracr dc cnsinar c ista dc rinha sala cr \illctancusc, cndc trabalhc
dcsdc ancirc dc 1?70 c uc nunca uis dcixar. Trata-sc dc ura unicrsidadc
situada na pcrilcria dc laris, cndc sc risturar tcdas as pcpulacccs dc rundc.
Quandc ccrccci, cra ura unicrsidadc pcucna, nca, cndc tinharcs
libcrdadc para cnsinar c uc uiscsscrcs. Fci-rc pcssicl, cntc, nc lacr
ncnhura dilcrcnca cntrc rcus curscs c rinhas pcsuisas. lactc
Autcbicralicc-, dc ual lalaarcs ainda ha pcucc, lci prircirarcntc ur
cursc uc dci a rcus cstudantcs dc prircirc anc, cr nccrbrc dc 1?72.
Er 1?7?, pudc criar ur cursc cpcicnal uc dcncrinci A autcbicralia
hcc-. !cu cbctic cra cbscrar c uc accntcccria dc ncc nc carpc da
Ent rci st a ccr
lhi l i ppc Lc cunc
l ci t a Mari a Ccrhci r
Ncr cnha
'
autcbicralia durantc auclc anc, a atualidadc autcbicralica c, tarbcr, sc
c alunc uiscssc, cstudar cxpcricncias pcsscais dc cscrita, scndacns... Eu prcpus
a clcs, pcr cxcrplc, cclctar cs rclatcs dc ida dc scus acs... cursc cra
ruitc llcxicl, c uc rc pcrritiu nc apcnas alircntar rinhas aulas ccr
rinhas pcsuisas, ras tarbcr lacr c incrsc, pcis aprcndi ruitas ccisas
ccr rcus aluncs. dilicil cra, uandc chcaar ac uartc anc, ccncncc-
lcs a sc arriscar lcra dc carpc da litcratura. Mas, lcrbrc-rc dc Maric-
Francc, uc cclctcu a rcrcria cral da cidadcinha dc !aint-ucn-lAurnc,
dc lhilippc, uc accitcu ir a L,cn cstudar cr aruics autcbicralias dc
cririncscs, dc !andrinc, uc sc inicicu na critica cnctica dccilrandc cs
cadcrncs dc Maric dAcult, dc Christcllc, uc analiscu ur lilrc dc Cccrcs
lcrcc, dc !cphic, uc trabalhcu ccr ur incntaric dc autcbicralias dc
rulhcrcs, dc Maril,n, uc rcrulhcu cr diarics incditcs dc ccns dc scculc
XlX. Tcrci saudadcs, c clarc. Mas ccntinuarci dc cutrc rcdc. Estarci prcntc
para rcccbcr cs intcrcssadcs diantc das randcs anclas dc rinha casa cr
Fcntcna,-aux-kcscs.
I - I~Icz Ic :o:c Ic]o ]~:~ ]c:~: c :I c:o...
k - Nc cstcu ccrtc dissc| lc latc c cnsinc luncicna para rir uasc
ccrc ur rclaxarcntc. a prcssc cr das participacccs cr rcuniccs publicas,
cr scssccs dc lcrracc, cr cclcuics unicrsitarics, cnlir, tcdas as ccisas
uc ccntinuarci talc a lacr, pclc rcncs pcr alur tcrpc, c das uais
tarbcr cstc. Alcr dissc, ha ainda rinha participacc nas atiidadcs da
AlA, s uais dcdicc atualrcntc a rctadc dc rcu tcrpc - c ccrtarcntc
dcrais, pcis rcu cbctic, a lcnc prac, c uc cssa asscciacc pcssa icr
scr rir. \ccc tcr rac, scra prccisc uc cu rc distancic ur pcucc c pcnsc
cr rir rcsrc.
Principais pub|icaces de Phi|ippe Ie[eune
I-uIoIo:~]Ic c /:~.c. laris. Arrand Ccllin, 1?71/1??8.
II:c IcI:I:, ~uIoIo:~]Ic cI I~~c. laris, Klincksicck, 1?75.
Ic ]~.Ic ~uIoIo:~]Iuc. laris. !cuil, 1?75/1??.
/c c:I u ~uI:c. I~uIoIo:~]Ic, uc I~ IIIIc:~Iu:c ~ux cuI~:. laris. !cuil,
1?80.
C~II.oI, Xaicr-Edcuard Lccunc, cnuctc Michcl ct lhilippc Lccunc. laris.
Mcntalba, 1?8+.
IoI ~u::I. laris. !cuil, 1?8.
Cc: .~Ic:.... IcoI~c: :u: Ic ]ou:~I ]c::ocI. laris. Callirard, 1?8?.
I~ ]:~IIuc uu ]ou:~I ]c::ocI. ucIc. laris. nicrsitc laris X, 1??0.
I~ IcoI:c cI ICIIuc. co:c: Ic:c. ~uIoIo:~]c. laris. lL, 1??1.
Ic IoI uc: ucoI:cIIc:. ucIc :u: Ic ]ou:~I uc: ]cuc: IIIIc:. laris.
!cuil, 1??S.
l pctcsi , rci sta dc
cst udcs l i t crari cs
lui dc Fcra,
. , n. 2
p. 21 a S0
!
Ic: B:ouIIIo: uc :oI. laris. !cuil, 1??8.
Iou: I~uIoIo:~]Ic. laris. !cuil, 1??8.
Cc: c.:~. . . . /ou:~I ]c::ocI, o:uI~Icu:, /Ic:cI. laris. !cuil, 2000.