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    Round To Oval, Single Cells Which Reproduce by Budding

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    Yeasts are single-celled fungi that reproduce by budding. Common genera include Candida and Cryptococcus. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that normally lives on the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause infections when immunity is compromised. Common infections include skin, vaginal, urinary, and bloodstream infections. Cryptococcus neoformans is found worldwide in pigeon and chicken droppings. It causes a sub-acute infection that often manifests as meningitis. Both fungi are treated with antifungal drugs like fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B.

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    Round To Oval, Single Cells Which Reproduce by Budding

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    blue_blooded23
    29 views40 pages
    Yeasts are single-celled fungi that reproduce by budding. Common genera include Candida and Cryptococcus. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that normally lives on the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause infections when immunity is compromised. Common infections include skin, vaginal, urinary, and bloodstream infections. Cryptococcus neoformans is found worldwide in pigeon and chicken droppings. It causes a sub-acute infection that often manifests as meningitis. Both fungi are treated with antifungal drugs like fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B.

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    Round to Oval, Single Cells Which Reproduce by Budding

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    Yeasts are single-celled fungi that reproduce by budding. Common genera include Candida and Cryptococcus. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that normally lives on the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause infections when immunity is compromised. Common infections include skin, vaginal, urinary, and bloodstream infections. Cryptococcus neoformans is found worldwide in pigeon and chicken droppings. It causes a sub-acute infection that often manifests as meningitis. Both fungi are treated with antifungal drugs like fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B.

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    29 views40 pages

    Round To Oval, Single Cells Which Reproduce by Budding

    Uploaded by

    blue_blooded23
    Yeasts are single-celled fungi that reproduce by budding. Common genera include Candida and Cryptococcus. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that normally lives on the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause infections when immunity is compromised. Common infections include skin, vaginal, urinary, and bloodstream infections. Cryptococcus neoformans is found worldwide in pigeon and chicken droppings. It causes a sub-acute infection that often manifests as meningitis. Both fungi are treated with antifungal drugs like fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B.

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    of 40

    Yeasts

    Round to oval, single cells which


    reproduce by budding
    Yeasts
    SELECTED GENERA

     Candida
     Cryptococcus
    Candidiasis

    Candida albicans
    Non-albicans species
    Ecological Niche

    Candida albicans

    Endogenous
    (mouth, gut, vagina)
    Infections with Candida usually occur
    when there is some alteration in:

     Cellular immunity
    (Immunocompromised)
     Normal Flora

    (Prolonged antibiotics)
     Physiology

    (Cardiac surgery, catheter)


    CANDIDIASIS

     Skin
     Vaginitis
     Urinary tract
     Mucous membranes
     Septicemia
     Endocarditis
     Pneumonia
    CANDIDIASIS

    The fourth most common


    nosocomial bloodstream infection.
    GEOGRAPHIC OCCURENCE

    WORLDWIDE
    Clinical Specimens
    Candida
     Sputum
     Scrapings from lesions
     Blood smears
     Vaginal discharge
     Urine
     Feces
     Nail clippings
    8-12 MICRONS
    Pseudomycelium
    GERM TUBES
    SEROLOGY
     There have been several antibody
    detection test, but none are
    significant.
     Beta-Glucan measurement is now
    showing promise
    Therapy

     Nystatin
     Vaginitis
     Cutaneous
     Fluconazole *
     Itraconazole
    Cryptococcosis

    Cryptococcus neoformans
    Cryptococcosis

    A sub-acute or chronic infection


    which may affect the lungs or
    skin but most commonly
    manifests as a meningitis
    Typical clinical course
     Inhalation
     Mild pneumonia
     Vision, lethargy, headache
     Delirium, nuchal rigidity, coma
     Over a period of months
     Death if not treated
    Cryptococcus neoformans

     Spherical
     5-10 microns
     Narrow- base
     Surrounded by polysaccharide
    capsule
    Cryptococcus neoformans
    Virulence factors
    1. Anti-phagocytic polysaccharide
    capsule
    2. Antioxidant melanin
    3. Ability to grow at 37 C
    GEOGRAPHICAL
    DISTRIBUTION

    WORLDWIDE
    Ecological Niche

    Cryptococcus neoformans

    • Pigeon droppings
    • Chicken droppings
    Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from
    environmental sites in South Carolina

    Number Number Percent


    Examined Positive Positive

    SITES 79 51 65

    SAMPLES 299 137 45


    Cryptococcus
    portal of entry

     Inhalation

     inoculation
    Specimen of choice

    Cerebrospinal fluid
    Clinical Specimens

    Cryptococcosis

    •CSF
    •Sputum
    •Pus
    •Biopsy material
    •urine
    Serological Tests

    Cryptococcosis

    • Indirect fluorescent antibody


    • Tube Agglutination
    • Latex Agglutination
    (measures antigen)
    Drugs of Choice

    Cryptococcosis

    •Amphotericin B plus 5-Flucytosine

    OR

    •Amphotericin B plus Fluconazole


    The End

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