2/23/2008

EE105Fall2007 1
Lecture10
OUTLINE
BJ T Amplifiers (3)
Emitter follower (Common-collector amplifier)
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide1 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Analysis of emitter follower core
Impact of source resistance
Impact of Early effect
Emitter follower with biasing
Reading: Chapter 5.3.3-5.4
EmitterFollower(CommonCollectorAmplifier)
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide2 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
EmitterFollowerCore
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide3 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
WhentheinputisincreasedbyV,outputisalsoincreasedby
anamountthatislessthanVduetotheincreaseincollector
currentandhencetheincreaseinpotentialdropacrossR
E
.
Howevertheabsolutevaluesofinputandoutputdifferbya
V
BE
.
SmallSignalModelofEmitter
Follower
1
1 1
A
out E
V
v R
=
=
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide4 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Asshownabove,thevoltagegainislessthanunity
andpositive.
1 1
1
1
in
E
m E
r
v
R
g R

+ +
+
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EE105Fall2007 2
UnityGainEmitterFollower
1 =
v
A
=
A
V
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide5 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Thevoltagegainisunitybecauseaconstantcollector
current(=I
1
)resultsinaconstantV
BE
,andhenceVout
followsVinexactly.
v
AnalysisofEmitterFollowerasaVoltage
Divider
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide6 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
=
A
V
EmitterFollowerwithSource
Resistance
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide7 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
1
1
A
out E
S
in
E
m
V
v R
R
v
R
g
=
=
+ +
+
InputImpedanceofEmitterFollower
V
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide8 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Theinputimpedanceofemitterfollowerisexactlythesameas
thatofCEstagewithemitterdegeneration.Thisisnot
surprisingbecausetheinputimpedanceofCEwithemitter
degenerationdoesnotdependonthecollectorresistance.
(1 )
A
X
E
X
V
v
r R
i


=
= + +
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EE105Fall2007 3
EmitterFollowerasBuffer
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide9 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Sincetheemitterfollowerincreasestheloadresistance
toamuchhighervalue,itissuitedasabufferbetween
aCEstageandaheavyloadresistancetoalleviatethe
problemofgaindegradation.
OutputImpedanceofEmitter
Follower
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide10 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Emitterfollowerlowersthesourceimpedancebya
factorof+1improveddrivingcapability.
E
m
s
out
R
g
R
R ||
1
1

+
+
=

EmitterFollowerwithEarlyEffect
O E
r R
A
||
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide11 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Sincer
O
isinparallelwithR
E
,itseffectcanbeeasilyincorporated
intovoltagegainandinputandoutputimpedanceequations.
( )( )
O E
m
s
out
O E S in
m
S
O E
O E
v
r R
g
R
R
r R r R R
g
R
r R
A
|| ||
1
1
|| 1
1
1
||
||

+
+
=
+ + + =
+
+
+
=

CurrentGain
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide12 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Thereisacurrentgainof(+1)frombasetoemitter.
Effectivelyspeaking,theloadresistanceismultiplied
by(+1)asseenfromthebase.
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EE105Fall2007 4
EmitterFollowerwithBiasing
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide13 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
AbiasingtechniquesimilartothatofCEstagecanbe
usedfortheemitterfollower.
Also,V
b
canbeclosetoV
cc
becausethecollectoris
alsoatV
cc
.
SupplyIndependentBiasing
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide14 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Byputtingaconstantcurrentsourceattheemitter,
thebiascurrent,V
BE
,andI
B
R
B
arefixedregardlessof
thesupplyvalue.
SummaryofAmplifierTopologies
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide15 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Thethreeamplifiertopologiesstudiedsofarhave
differentpropertiesandareusedondifferentoccasions.
CEandCBhavevoltagegainwithmagnitudegreaterthan
one,whilefollowersvoltagegainisatmostone.
AmplifierExampleI
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide16 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Thekeysinsolvingthisproblemarerecognizingthe
ACgroundbetweenR
1
andR
2
,andThevenin
transformationoftheinputnetwork.
S
E
m
S
C
in
out
R R
R
R
g
R R
R R
v
v
+

+ +
+
=
1
1
1
2
1
1
||
||

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EE105Fall2007 5
AmplifierExampleII
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide17 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Again,ACground/shortandThevenintransformation
areneededtotransformthecomplexcircuitintoa
simplestagewithemitterdegeneration.
1
1
1
2
|| 1
1
out C
S
in S
m
v R R
R R
v R R
R
g
=
+
+ +
+
AmplifierExampleIII
2 1 1 in
r R r R + + =

EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide18 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
ThekeyforsolvingthisproblemisfirstidentifyingR
eq
,whichisthe
impedanceseenattheemitterofQ
2
inparallelwiththeinfinite
outputimpedanceofanidealcurrentsource.Second,usethe
equationsfordegeneratedCEstagewithREreplacedbyR
eq
.
2
1
1
2 1 1
1
1
1
m m
C
v
in
g
R
g
R
A
+
+
+

=

AmplifierExampleIV
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide19 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
ThekeyforsolvingthisproblemisrecognizingthatCBatfrequency
ofinterestshortsoutR
2
andprovideagroundforR
1
.
R
1
appearsinparallelwithRCandthecircuitsimplifiestoasimple
CBstage.
1
||
1
C
v
S
m
R R
A
R
g
=
+
AmplifierExampleV
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide20 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Thekeyforsolvingthisproblemisrecognizingtheequivalent
baseresistanceofQ
1
istheparallelconnectionofREandthe
impedanceseenattheemitterofQ
2
.
2 1
1 1 1
||
1 1
B
in E
m m
R
R R
g g

= + +

+ +

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EE105Fall2007 6
AmplifierExampleVI
2
|| ||
|| 1
o u t E O
v R R r
R R
=
EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide21 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
ThekeyinsolvingthisproblemisrecognizingaDCsupplyis
actuallyanACgroundandusingThevenintransformationto
simplifythecircuitintoanemitterfollower.
1
2
1
1
1
2
|| 1
|| ||
1
|| 1
|| || ||
1
S i n
E O
m
S
S
o u t E O
m
R R v
R R r
g
R
R R
R R
R R R r
g

+ +
+
+

= +
+


AmplifierExampleVII
( )
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
m
B
C out
m
B
E in
g
R
R R
g
R
R r R
+
+
+ =

+
+
+ + + =

EE105Spring2008 Lecture10,Slide22 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley

ImpedancesseenattheemitterofQ
1
andQ
2
canbelumped
withR
C
andR
E
,respectively,toformtheequivalentemitter
andcollectorimpedances.
1 2
1
3
2
1 1
1
1
1
m m
B
m
B
C
v
g g
R
g
R
R
A
+ +
+
+
+
+
=