LGS Vol2 Australasia Geo

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory page 123

2=AUSTRALASIA geosector
This geosector covers 223 sets of languages (1167 outer languages, composed of 2258 inner languages) spoken or
formerly spoken by communities in Australasia in a geographic sequence from Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands
through New Guinea and its adjacent islands, and throughout the Australian mainland to Tasmania. They comprise all
languages of Australasia (Oceania) not covered by phylosectors 3=Austronesian or 5=Indo-European.
Zones 20= to 24= cover all so-called "Papuan" languages, spoken on Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands and the New
Guinea mainland, which have been previously treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis:
20= ARAFURA geozone 21= MAMBERAMO geozone 22= MANDANGIC phylozone
23= OWALAMIC phylozone 24= TRANSIRIANIC phylozone
Zones 25= to 27= cover all other so-called "Papuan" languages, on the New Guinea mainland, Bismarck archipelago, New
Britain, New Ireland and Solomon islands, which have not been treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis:
25= CENDRAWASIH geozone 26= SEPIK-VALLEY geozone 27= BISMARCK-SEA geozone
Zones 28= to 29= cover all languages spoken traditionally across the Australian mainland, on the offshore Elcho, Howard,
Crocodile and Torres Strait islands (excluding Darnley island), and formerly on the island of Tasmania. An "Australian"
hypothesis covers all these languages, excluding the extinct and little known languages of Tasmania, comprising (1.) an
area of more diffuse and complex relationships in the extreme north, covered here by geozone 28=, and (2.) a more closely
related affinity (Pama+ Nyungan) throughout the rest of Australia, covered by 24 of the 25 sets of phylozone 29=. The
relationships within the "Australian" and component "Pama+ Nyungan" hypotheses may be due as much to diffusion over
tens of thousands of years as to inheritance from common prehistorical sources:
28= NORTH-AUSTRALIA geozone 29= TRANSAUSTRALIA geozone
Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One
Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will be welcomed
by e-mail at: REGISTER@LINGUASPHERE.ORG, or by letter-post at: LINGUASPHERE PRESS, HEBRON SA34 0XT, WALES (UK).
COLUMN 1 & 2
layers of reference
codes and reference-names
COLUMN 3
other nomenclature and notes
COLUMNS 4 & 5
nation-states scale of
(+ provinces) and speakers
20= ARAFURA
geozone
covers the "Arafura+ Torres" reference area (within the
"Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 26 sets of
languages (= 104 outer languages) spoken by communities in
Australasia, centered around the Arafura Sea, on the Alor,
Timor, Leti, Maluku, Southern New Guinea (Vogelkop
Peninsula to Gulf of Papua) and Torres Strait islands:
20-A LAMMA+ KELON 20-B TANGLAPUI
20-C KOLANA+ ADABE 20-D BUNAK
20-E FATALUKU 20-F MAKUA
20-G OIRATA 20-H PURAGI+ TOMU
20-I KONDA+ YAHADIAN 20-J RIANTANA+ NDOM
20-K YELMEK+ MAKLEW 20-L NAMBU+ YEI
20-M IDI+ WAIA 20-N TIRIO+ LEWADA
20-O BITURI+ KUPERE 20-P KIWAI+ KEREWO
20-Q IPIKO 20-R MINANIBAI+ MAHIGI
20-S PURARI+ IAI 20-T OPAO+ UARIPI
20-U TATE 20-V IKOBI+ OMATI
20-W KAIRI 20-X FIWAGA+ FOI
20-Y FOLOPA+ DADIBI 20-Z PAWAIA+ AURAMA
Indonesia; East Timor; Papua
New Guinea; Australia
4
page 124 The Linguasphere Register

1999 / 2000 edition
20-A LAMMA+ KELON set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script
20-AA LAMMA+ BLAGAR
chain
PANTAR
20-AAA LAMMA net
20-AAA-a Lamma lemma Alor archipelago: Pantar-SW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-AAA-aa kalondama lamma-W.Teba Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAA-ab tubal lamma-C. Toaaki mountain Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAA-ac biangwala lamma-E. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAB TEWA net
20-AAB-a Tewa Alor archipelago: Pantar-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAB-aa deing tewa-SW. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAB-ab madar tewa-N. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAB-ac lebang tewa-E. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAC NEDEBANG net
20-AAC-a Nedebang Alor archipelago: Pantar-CN. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAC-aa nedebang Kabir-SW. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAD BLAGAR net
20-AAD-a Blagar Alor archipelago: Pantar-E.+ Pura islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-AAD-aa bakalang Pantar-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAD-ab retta-ternate Ternate-S. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAD-ac limarahing Pura-NW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAD-ad apuri Pura-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-AAD-ae retta-pura Pura-S. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2
20-AAD-af tereweng Treweg island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2
20-AB KELON+ WOISIKA
chain
ALOR
20-ABA KELON net
20-ABA-a Kelon kelong Alor archipelago: Alor-SW.+ Pantar-N. islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-ABA-aa panggar Pantar-N. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2
20-ABA-ab probur Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ABA-ac halerman Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ABA-ad gendok Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ABB KAFOA net
20-ABB-a Kafoa Alor archipelago: Alor-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABB-aa kafoa Aluben-N. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABC KUI+ KIRAMANG net "wider"-kui
20-ABC-a Kui+ Kirimang Alor archipelago: Alor island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABC-aa kui kui "proper" Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ABC-aaa kui-S. Alor-SW. island: Kui (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABC-aab kui-N. Alor-NW. island (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ABC-ab kiramang kramang Alor-S. island: Batuiolong Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABD ABUI net
20-ABD-a Abui barue, barawahing, namatalaki Alor archipelago: Alor island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-ABD-aa kobola Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABD-ab atimelang Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABD-ac alakaman Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABE KABOLA net
20-ABE-a Kabola Alor archipelago: Alor-NW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-ABE-aa hamap Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABE-ab pintumbang Maibang-W. peninsula Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ABE-ac aimoli Maibang-E. peninsula Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ABF WOISIKA net
20-ABF-a Woisika Alor archipelago: Alor-CE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-ABF-aa lembur limbur, kawel Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2
20-ABF-ab kamot Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABF-ac kamana kamang Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2
20-ABF-ad petimpui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2
20-ABF-ae kamengmi Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABF-af ateita Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-ABF-ag apui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2
20-ABF-ah silaipui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2
20-ABF-ai langkuru+ kolomano Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2
20-ABF-aj pido Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2

20-AC MAKASAI+ KAIRUI
chain
20-ACA MAKASAI+
MAKLERE net
"wider" makasai
20-ACA-a Makasai+ Maklere Timor-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-ACA-aa makasai makasai "proper", makassai, macassai Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-ACA-aaa baucau Baucau (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ACA-aab baguia Baguia (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ACA-ab maklere Ilimar Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
20-ACB KAIRUI+ MIDIKI* net +classification to be reviewed in light of intertwining between
languages in this geozone and in 32=Mesonesic phylozone; see [32]
Waima'a+ Habu
20-ACB-a Kairui+ Midiki +substratum (structural) influence from [32] Waima'a+ Habu East Timor 3
20-ACB-aa kairui East Timor
20-ACB-ab midiki midik East Timor
20-B TANGLAPUI set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script
20-BA TANGLAPUI chain
20-BAA TANGLAPUI net
20-BAA-a Tanglapui Alor archipelago: Alor-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-BAA-aa tanglapui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-C KOLANA+ ADABE
set
part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script
20-CA KOLANA chain
20-CAA KOLANA net
20-CAA-a Kolana Alor archipelago: Alor-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-CAA-aa kolana kolana-wersin Kolana-SE. Kolana-NE. coast Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
20-CAA-aaa kolana-SE. kolana-wersin Kolana+ Silopa-SE. coast (Nusa Tenggara)
20-CAA-aab kolana-NE. Kolana-NE. coastal enclave (Nusa Tenggara)
20-CAA-aac kolana-N. Kolana-N. coast: Cimbur-E. enclave (Nusa Tenggara)
20-CB ADABE* chain
20-CBA ADABE net
20-CBA-a Adabe Alor archipelago: Atauro-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-CBA-aa adabe ataura, atauru, raklu-un Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3
20-D BUNAK set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script
20-DA BUNAK chain
20-DAA BUNAK net
20-DAA-a Bunak Timor-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-DAA-aa bunak buna', bunake Bobonaro Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-E FATALUKU set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script
20-EA FATALUKU chain
20-EAA FATALUKU net
20-EAA-a Fataluku Timor-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-EAA-aa fataluku dagaga, dagoda' Lautem+ Lospalos Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4
20-F MAKU'A set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script
20-FA MAKU'A chain
20-FAA MAKU'A net
20-FAA-a Maku'a Timor-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 1
20-FAA-aa maku'a makua, lovaea, lovaia Tutuala Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 1
20-G OIRATA set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script
20-GA OIRATA chain
20-GAA OIRATA net
20-GAA-a Oirata Leti archipelago: Kisar-SE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
20-GAA-aa oirata maaro Kio Indonesia (Maluku) 3
20-H PURAGI+ TOMU set maccluer+duriankere; part of vogelkop-S., "bird's head"-S. grouping
Latin script
20-HA DURIANKERE chain
20-HAA DURIANKERE net
20-HAA-a Duriankere Vogelkop-W. peninsula: Raja Ampat island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
20-HAA-aa duriankere esaro, sailen, duriankari Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
20-HB PURAGI+ SAGA
chain
MIRAGA
20-HBA PURAGI+ SAGA net
20-HBA-a Inanwatan Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HBA-aa inanwatan suabo, suabau Inanwatan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
20-HBA-b Puragi Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HBA-ba puragi mogao Matamani upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HBA-c Yamarema Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
20-HBA-ca yamarema Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
20-HBA-d Saga Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
20-HBA-da saga Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
20-HBA-e Kaburi* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HBA-ea kaburi Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HC KASUWERI+ TAROF
chain
20-HCA KASUWERI+
UDAGAGA net
20-HCA-a Kasuweri Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HCA-aa kasuweri samalek, oderago, komudago Tarof-W., Kasuweri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HCA-b Negeri-Besar Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HCA-ba negeri-besar Tarof-NW., Negeri-Besar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HCA-c Udagaga Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HCA-ca udagaga Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HCB TAROF+ MIGORI net
20-HCB-a Tarof Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HCB-aa tarof nebes Kamundan-W.river-mouth, Tarof Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HCB-b Tambani Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HCB-ba tambani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HCB-c Migori Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HCB-ca migori Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HD TOMU+
KEMBERANO chain
20-HDA TOMU+ ARANDAI net including yaban, jaban, sebyar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HDA-a Tomu Wariaga+ Sebyar Timoforo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HDA-aa tomu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HDA-b Arandai Wariaga+ Sebyar Timoforo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HDA-ba arandai dombano Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HDB KEMBERANO+
BARAU net
20-HDB-a Kemberano Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HDB-aa kemberano kalitami Komundan river-mouth>W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
20-HDB-b Weriagar Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HDB-ba weriagar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HDB-c Barau Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-S. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-HDB-ca barau Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-I KONDA+ YAHADIAN
set
OGIT, part of vogelkop-S., "bird's head"-S. grouping Latin script
20-IA KONDA+ YAHADIAN
chain
20-IAA KONDA+ YAHADIAN
net
20-IAA-a Konda Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-IAA-aa konda Waromge estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-IAA-b Yahadian Vogelkop-SW. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-IAA-ba mugim Kais-N. estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-IAA-bb nerigo yahadian "proper", jahadian Kais-S. estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-IAA-bc kampong-baru aiso, kais, atori, mintamani Kais middle valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-J RIANTANA+ NDOM
set
KOLOPOM, in [52] Nederlands: frederik-hendrik-eiland Latin script
20-JA RIANTANA chain
20-JAA RIANTANA net
20-JAA-a Riantana Kolopom-N. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom
Island)
3
20-JAA-aa riantana Guara Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom
Island)
3

20-JB KIMAGHAMA chain
20-JBA KIMAGHAMA net
20-JBA-a Kimaghama kaladdarsch, teri-kalwasch Kolopom-C. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom
Island)
3
20-JBA-aa kimaghama-NE. Kimaam Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom
Island)
3
20-JBA-ab kimaghama-SW. Kladar Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom
Island)
3
20-JC NDOM chain
20-JCA NDOM net
20-JCA-a Ndom Kolopom-W. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom
Island)
3
20-JCA-aa ndom Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom
Island)
3
20-K YELMEK+ MAKLEW
set
"bulaka-river" Latin script
20-KA YELMEK+ MAKLEW
chain
20-KAA YELMEK net
20-KAA-a Yelmek jelmek, jab, jabsch Marianne-E. strait Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-KAA-aa yelmek-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
20-KAA-ab yelmek-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
20-KAB MAKLEW net
20-KAB-a Maklew Digul-S. estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-KAB-aa maklew makleu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
20-L NAMBU+ YEI set part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script
20-LA MORAORI chain
20-LAA MORAORI net
20-LAA-a Moraori Merauke-E. town + estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
20-LAA-aa moraori morari, moaraeri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
20-LB YEI chain
20-LBA YEI net
20-LBA-a Yei yey, jei, je Merauke valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Western)
3
20-LBA-aa yei-N. bupul Bupul Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Western adjacent)
20-LBA-ab yei-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Western)
20-LC KANUM+ ARAMBA
chain
tonda
20-LCA KANUM net
20-LCA-a Kanum enkelembu Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Western)
2
20-LCA-aa kanum-N. sota Sota Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Western)
20-LCA-ab kanum-C. bronga, beronk Bronga Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Western)
20-LCA-ac kanum-S. Sakirainke Ianian Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Western)
20-LCB BOTHAR* net
20-LCB-a Bothar Papua New Guinea (Western);
Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
2*
20-LCB-aa bothar Papua New Guinea (Western);
20-LCC ARAMBA+ ARA* net "upper" morehead
20-LCC-a Ara Morehead Maro Tarl Bensbach upper valleys, including
Indorodoro
Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-LCC-aa ara rouku, yumbar, wr, kamindjo, tjokwai, tokwasa, tonda #proliferation
of nomenclature implies greater complexity of communities and idioms
20-LCC-b Aramba Morehead upper headwaters Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-LCC-ba aramba serkisetavi, serki Serki Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-LCD PEREMKA net "lower" morehead
20-LCD-a Peremka Morehead lower valley Heath bay Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-LCD-aa peremka-A. peremka "proper", thundai-kanza Tonda Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-LCD-ab gambadi Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-LCD-ac semariji Papua New Guinea (Western)

1999 / 2000 edition
20-LD NAMBU+ DORRO
chain
20-LDA NAMBU+ TAIS net
20-LDA-a Nambu Wassi-Kussa valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-LDA-aa nambu nambo, arufe, arufi Arufi Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-LDA-b Iauga Wassi-Kussa-E. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 1
20-LDA-ba iauga parb Iauga Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-LDA-c Tais Wassi-Kussa-W. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 2*
20-LDA-ca tais Tais Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-LDB DORRO net
20-LDB-a Dorro Leri coast Papua New Guinea (Western) 1
20-LDB-aa dorro Papua New Guinea (Western) 1
20-M IDI+ WAIA set part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script
20-MA IDI+ AGB chain PAHOTURI
20-MAA IDI+ AGB net
20-MAA-a Idi Pahoturi upper headwaters Mai-Kussa valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-MAA-aa idi tame, dimsisi, dimisi Dimisi Dimiri Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-MAA-b Agb+ Buji Pahoturi valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-MAA-ba agb tame, upiala-bituri, dabu Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-MAA-bb buji boje, bugi Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-MB WAIA chain
20-MBA WAIA net
20-MBA-a Waia kawakarubi, takalubi, takarubi, hiwi, hibaradai Waia Fly estuary Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-MBA-aa waia-A. waia "proper" Waia Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-MBA-ab kenedibi Kenedibi Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-N TIRIO+ LEWADA set part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script
20-NA TIRIO+ LEWADA
chain
20-NAA LEWADA+ ATURU
net
20-NAA-a Lewada+ Dewara lewada, dewala+ lewada Fly right-bank: Lewada Sumogi-W. island Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-NAA-aa lewada Lewada Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-NAA-ab balamula mataru Balamula Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-NAA-ac dewala Sumogi-W. island Dewala Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-NAA-b Aturu Sumogi-E. island Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-NAA-ba aturu atura, adulu, makaeyam Adulu Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-NAB TIRIO+ MUTUM net
20-NAB-a Tirio Fly right-bank: Tirio-E. Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-NAB-aa tirio dudi Wederehiamo Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-NAB-b Mutum Bituri middle valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-NAB-ba mutum paswam, dudi 2 Mutum Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-O BITURI+ KUPERE set TRANS-FLY-EAST, part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script
20-OA BITURI+ DONGORI
chain
20-OAA BITURI+ DONGORI
net
"WIDER"-GIDRA, jibu, oriomo
20-OAA-a Bituri gidra-bituri Bituri valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-OAA-aa guiam Bituri river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-ab yuta Bituri river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-ac rual Bituri headwaters: Rual Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-ad kapal Bituri headwaters: Kapal Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-b Wipim+ Zim gidra-wipim Oriomo Binaturi upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-OAA-ba wipim Wipim Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-bb podari Podari Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-bc zim Zim Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-bd wonie Wonie Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-be iamega Iamega Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-bf gamaewe Gamaewe Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-c Dongori+ Ume gidra-dongori Oriomo river-mouth hinterland Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-OAA-ca ume Ume Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-cb kuru Kuru Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-cc dongori Oriomo river-mouth: Dongori Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-cd abam Oriomo lower river: Abam Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OAA-ce peawa Oriomo lower river: Peawa Papua New Guinea (Western)

20-OB SOGAL+ SEBE chain BINI, pine
20-OBA SOGAL+ SEBE net
20-OBA-a Sogal+ Kunini bini-NE. Binaturi-NW. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-OBA-aa sogal Sogal Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OBA-ab boze+ giringarede Boze Giringarede Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OBA-ac kunini Kunini Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OBA-b Sebe+ Masingle bini-SW. Mawatta-NW. coast Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-OBA-ba masingle Masingle Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OBA-bb tati tte Tati Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OBA-bc irupi+ drageli Irupi Drageli Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OBA-bd sebe Sebe Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OC KUPERE+ WAIDORO
chain
20-OCA KUPERE+ WAIDORO
net
GIZRA
20-OCA-a Kupere+ Togo gizra-W. Pahoturi-N. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-OCA-aa kupere kuperi Kuperi Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OCA-ab togo toga Togo Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-OCA-b Waidoro gizra-E. Pahoturi-E. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-OCA-ba waidoro Waidoro Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-OD MERIAM chain
20-ODA MERIAM net
20-ODA-a Meriam Torres Strait-E. islands: Darnley island Australia (Queensland) 2
20-ODA-aa meriam miriam-mir, miriam, mer, mir, maer Australia (Queensland) 2
20-P KIWAI+ KEREWO set KIWAIAN, part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script
20-PA KIWAI+ KEREWO
chain
20-PAA KIWAI+ DOUMORI
net
"wider" kiwai
20-PAA-a Doumori+ Wasua Doumori island Fly estuary Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-PAA-aa doumori doumori-kiwai Doumori Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-PAA-ab wasua Fly-N. estuary: Wasua+ Pagona Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-PAA-b Sewerimabu+
Panama
"coastal" kiwai Fly-W. estuary Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-PAA-ba sewerimabu "coastal" kiwai-E. Sewerimabu coast: Tirio Sui Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-PAA-bb panama "coastal" kiwai-S. Panama island Katatai coast Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-PAA-c Daru Daru Bristow-N. islands Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-PAA-ca daru kiwai-daru Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-PAA-d Kiwai South & North Entrance islands: Kiwai island Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-PAA-da kiwai kiwai "proper", "insular" kiwai Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-PAB WABUDA+ SEGERA
net
20-PAB-a Wabuda+ Segera Wabuda island+ neighbouring islands Segera river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-PAB-aa wabuda Wabuda island+ neighbouring islands Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-PAB-ab sagero Segera river-mouth: Sagero Papua New Guinea (Western)
20-PAB-ac dibiri Dibiri island Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
20-PAC SISIAME+ WAKAU
net
BAMU, bamu-kiwai
20-PAC-a Wakau Bamu lower valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-PAC-aa wakau "middle" bamu Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-PAC-b Pirupiru Amagoa coast Naviu+ Uapumba islands Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-PAC-ba pirupiru gama Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-PAC-c Sisiame Bell Point estuary Papua New Guinea (Western;
Gulf)
3
20-PAC-ca sisiame Giwaretere Papua New Guinea (Western;
Gulf)
3
20-PAD MORIGI net
20-PAD-a Morigi Morigio island Turama estuary Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-PAD-aa morigi wariadai, turama-river kiwai, dabura Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-PAE KEREWO net
20-PAE-a Kerewo kerewa, kerewa+ goari Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-PAE-aa kikori Kikori lower valley: Kikori town Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-PAE-ab ururumba Kikori estuary: Ururumba island Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-PAE-ac gibario goaribari Goaribari island Papua New Guinea (Gulf)

1999 / 2000 edition
20-PAF GIBAIO+ ARIGIBI net
20-PAF-a Gibaio+ Urama kiwai-NE. Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-PAF-aa urama Urumu Ini islands Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-PAF-ab kope gope Wai'i river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-PAF-ac gibaio era-river Era lower valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-PAF-b Arigibi Wai'i middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-PAF-ba arigibi anigibi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-Q IPIKO set part of "inland-gulf" grouping Latin script
20-QA IPIKO chain
20-QAA IPIKO net
20-QAA-a Ipiko Pie lower right-bank Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-QAA-aa ipiko ipikoi, higa, epai Ipiko+ Pahemuba Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-R MINANIBAI+ MAHIGI
set
minanibaian, part of "inland-gulf" grouping Latin script
20-RA MINANIBAI chain
20-RAA MINANIBAI net
20-RAA-a Minanibai Omati lower valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-RAA-aa minanibai pepeha, eme-eme, hei Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-RB MAHIGI chain
20-RBA MAHIGI net
20-RBA-a Mahigi Wawoi+ Guavi confluence extinct formerly Papua New Guinea
(Western)
0
20-RBA-aa mahigi Emeti Papua New Guinea (Western) 0
20-RC TAO-SUAMATO
chain
20-RCA TAO-SUAMATO net
20-RCA-a Tao-Suamato Guavi Wawoi valleys Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-RCA-aa tao-suamato tao-suame, mahigi, dausame Kubeai Wareho Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
20-RD KARAMI chain
20-RDA KARAMI net
20-RDA-a Karami Turama upper tributary extinct formerly Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 0
20-RDA-aa karami Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 0
20-S PURARI+ IAI set Latin script
20-SA PURARI+ IAI chain
20-SAA PURARI+ IAI net
20-SAA-a Purari+ Iai Pie estuary Purari valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-SAA-aa purari koriki, evorra, maipua, nanau Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-SAA-ab iai namau Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-T OPAO+ UARIPI set ELEMAN
20-TA OPAO+ KEURU chain eleman-W., bailala
20-TAA OPAO+ KEURU net vailala
20-TAA-a Orokolo+ Muru Vailala-NW. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TAA-aa orokolo Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TAA-ab muru muro Murua Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TAA-b Keuru keuro, kairu+ kaura Vailala valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TAA-ba aheave Vailala middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-TAA-bb haura-haela belepa, haura, haira Vailala lower valley: Belepa Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TAA-bc hae-haela Keakea Araimira coast Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TAA-c Opao Omati -NW. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TAA-ca opao Opau Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TB UARIPI+ TOARIPI
chain
lakekamu, eleman-E.
20-TBA UARIPI+ TOARIPI net
20-TBA-a Uaripi Omati river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TBA-aa uari-pi tairuma Kerema Uaripi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TBA-b Toaripi+ Melaripi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TBA-ba melari-pi+ kai-pi Silo Koari coast Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TBA-baa melari-pi (Gulf)
20-TBA-bab kai-pi (Gulf)
20-TBA-bb toari-pi+ moveave Tauri valley: Tauri downstream. Lakekamu valley: Bulldog
downstream
Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TBA-bba moveave Moveave upstream (Gulf)
20-TBA-bbb toari-pi motumotu Motu-Motu upstream (Gulf)

20-TBA-bc mori-pi+ iokea Kapuri-S. Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-TBA-bca mori-pi (Gulf)
20-TBA-bcb iokea Iokea (Gulf)
20-TBA-bd sepoe Sepoi Oiapu Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-U TATE set Latin script
20-UA TATE chain
20-UAA TATE net
20-UAA-a Tate Kerema bay: Kerema-SE. Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-UAA-aa tate raepa-tati, tati, lorabada, lou Lou Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-V IKOBI+ OMATI set turama+ "omatian"; part of turama+ "kikorian" grouping Latin script
20-VA IKOBI+ OMATI chain
20-VAA IKOBI+ MENA net kopo+ monia, kasere, wailemi
20-VAA-a Mena meni, turama Hawoi Turama middle valleys Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-VAA-aa mena Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-VAA-b Ikobi kobi, kopo, "omatian" Omati upper valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-VAA-ba pimuru Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-VAA-bb gorau Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-VAA-bc utabi Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-VAB OMATI net
20-VAB-a Omati Omati middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-VAB-aa omati mini Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-W KAIRI set KIKORIAN, part of turama+ "kikorian" grouping Latin script
20-WA KAIRI chain
20-WAA KAIRI net
20-WAA-a Kairi "kikorian" Kikori river-basin Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-WAA-aa kairi rumu, rumuwa, dumu, tumu, kibiri, kai-iri Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-X FIWAGA+ FOI* set KUTUBUAN Latin script
20-XA FIWAGA+ FOI chain
20-XAA FIWAGA+ FOI net
20-XAA-a Foi foe, mubi-"river" Mubi valley Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
3
20-XAA-aa kutubu Kutubu lake& town Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
20-XAA-ab igi Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
20-XAA-ac kafa Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
20-XAA-b Fiwaga Mubi lower valley Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
2
20-XAA-ba fiwaga fimaga Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
2
20-Y FOLOPA+
DADIBI set
TEBERAN Latin script
20-YA FOLOPA chain
20-YAA FOLOPA net
20-YAA-a Folopa podopa, polopa, podoba, foraba Papua New Guinea (Southern;
Gulf)
3
20-YAA-aa keba+ wopasali Keba Wopasali Papua New Guinea (Southern) 2
20-YAA-aaa keba Keba (Southern)
20-YAA-aab wopasali Wopasili (Southern)
20-YAA-ab waraga Waraga Papua New Guinea (Southern) 2
20-YAA-ac pupitau Papua New Guinea (Southern) 2
20-YAA-ad sopese Sopese Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-YAA-ae suri Suri Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 1
20-YAA-af boro Boro Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-YAA-ag siligi Urupio Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-YAA-ah diauwereke Diauwereke Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-YAA-ai omo Omo Bare Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-YAA-aj tebera Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-YAA-ak bara harahui, harahu Harahu Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-YAA-al trabedesare Trabedesare Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-YAA-am aurei Abede middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-YAA-an ro keai, worugl Papua New Guinea
20-YAA-ao sesa mamisa, songu, ibukairu Papua New Guinea

1999 / 2000 edition
20-YB DADIBI chain
20-YBA DADIBI net
20-YBA-a Dadibi daribi, karimui, mikaru Papua New Guinea (Simbu;
Southern Highlands)
3
20-YBA-aa erave Erave valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 2
20-YBA-ab mikaru mikauru Oima lower valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
20-YBA-ac elu Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
20-Z PAWAIA+ AURAMA
set
PAWAIAN Latin script
20-ZA PAWAIA+ AURAMA
chain
20-ZAA PAWAIA+ AURAMA
net
including sira, tudahwe, yasa
20-ZAA-a Hauruha Piu left-bank Tua valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
20-ZAA-aa hauruha "pawaian"-NW. Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
20-ZAA-b Aurama turoha, uri Purari valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
20-ZAA-ba aurama-W. Uraru Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-ZAA-bb aurama-C. Aure Scarp-W. escarpment Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
20-ZAA-c Pawaia Aure Scarp-S.E. escarpment Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2
20-ZAA-ca pawaia pavaia Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2

21= MAMBERAMO
geozone
covers the "Mamberamo" reference area (within the "Trans-
New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 22 sets of languages (=
78 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia,
centered on the Mamberamo Basin in New Guinea:
21-A TURU+ KIRIKIRI 21-B BARUA+ SIKARI
21-C TAWORTA+ FOAU 21-D BERIK+ KWESTEN
21-E MAWES 21-F ORYA
21-G AWYI+TAIKAT 21-H WARIS+ MANEM
21-I PAGI+ KILMERI 21-J NIMBORAN+ GRESI
21-K MORWAP 21-L SAUSE
21-M KAPORI 21-N KAURE+ NARAU
21-O MOLOF 21-P USKU
21-Q TOFAMNA 21-R UNA+ SIRKAI
21-S DUBU+ TOWEI 21-T YAFI+ EMUMU
21-U ANGOR+ MENGAU 21-V OKSAPMIN
Indonesia; Papua New Guinea 4
21-A TURU+ KIRIKIRI set LAKES-PLAIN-WEST, in [52] Nederlands: west-meervlakte; part of
tor+ "lakes plain" grouping Latin script
21-AA KIRIKIRI+ FAYU
chain
"far-west lakes-plain"
21-AAA FAYU net
21-AAA-a Fayu Fou valley nomadic Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-AAA-aa fayu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-AAB KIRIKIRI net
21-AAB-a Kirikiri Dou+ Fou-W. confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-AAB-aa kirikiri kirira Kliki valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-AB TAUSE* chain
21-ABA TAUSE net
21-ABA-a Tause Dow+ Fou-N. confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-ABA-aa tause doa, darha Danau Bira-SW.: Deraposi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-AC TURU+ EDOPI chain
21-ACA EDOPI net
21-ACA-a Edopi Dow+ Fou confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-ACA-aa edopi dou, doufou, turu-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-ACB TURU+ IAU net
21-ACB-a Poi turu-N. Rouffaer valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-ACB-aa poi Taiyi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-ACB-b Turu-No turu-S. Van Daalen valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-ACB-ba turu-no Taiyi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-ACB-c Iau turu-E., yau, iaw Rouffaer Van Daalen valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-ACB-ca bareri turu-NE., barere Rouffaer valley: Bareri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-ACB-cb fauwi turu-SE., fawi, foi Van Daalen valley: Fauwi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-ACB-cc urundi ururi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-B BARUA+SIKARI set LAKES-PLAIN-CENTRAL, in [52] Nederlands: centraal-meervlakte;
part of tor+ "lakes plain" grouping Latin script
21-BA BARUA+ WARI chain
21-BAA BARUA+ ERI net
21-BAA-a Barua+ Eri including aliki, haya Holmes, Danau Bira lake>S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-BAA-aa barua barua "proper", baburiwa, babiruwa, babruwa, babrua Kustera Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-BAA-ab eri-tai eri, editode, edai, erai, barua-E. Erai Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-BAB OBOGWI+ BIRI net
21-BAB-a Obogwi+ Biri Rouffaer middle Rouffaer-N. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-BAB-aa obogwi-tai obogwi, ati (=language) Obogwi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-BAB-ab biri-tai biri Biri Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-BAC TAOGWE net
21-BAC-a Taogwe Rouffaer valley: Van Daalen confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-BAC-aa taogwe kwerisa Kwerisa displaced to Kei Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-BAD DUVLE net
21-BAD-a Duvle duvele, duvde, duvre, wiri Van Daalen-S. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-BAD-aa duvle-W. Fedidi Wedi valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-BAD-ab duvle-E. Dagai valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)

1999 / 2000 edition
21-BAE TOLI net
21-BAE-a Toli Toli lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya 2
21-BAE-aa toli-tai toli, taori-so, taori, dou-tai Toli-Dou Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-BAF KAIY net
21-BAF-a Kaiy Rouffaer+ Van Daalen confluence downstream Indonesia (Irian Jaya 2
21-BAF-aa kaiy taori-kaiy, todi, taori-kei, kei Kei+ Kokou Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-BAG SIKARI net
21-BAG-a Sikari Mamberamo valley: Rouffaer+ Idenburg confluence downstream Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-BAG-aa sikari-tai sikari, aikwakai, tori-aikwakai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-BAH WARI net
21-BAH-a Wari Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-BAH-aa wari-tai wari, were-tai Taive, Taiyeve Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-BB PAPASENA chain
21-BBA PAPASENA net
21-BBA-a Papasena Idenburg lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-BBA-aa papasena Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-C TAWORTA+ FOAU
set
LAKES-PLAIN-EAST, in [52] Nederlands: oost-meervlakte; part of
tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script
21-CA TAWORTA+ FOAU
chain
21-CAA TAWORTA+ DABRA
net
21-CAA-a Taworta Idenburg middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-CAA-aa taworta Taive-E., Taiyeve-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-CAA-b Dabra Idenburg middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-CAA-ba dabra bok Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-CAB FOAU net
21-CAB-a Foau Idenburg middle right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-CAB-aa foau Foa Mudiay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-D BERIK+ KWESTEN
set
TOR, part of tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script
21-DA BERIK+ DARANTO
chain
21-DAA BERIK+ DARANTO
net
21-DAA-a Berik+ Daranto "wider" berik, "upper" tor Tor valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-DAA-aa daranto Tor headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DAA-ab guamer Tor headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DAA-ac waf Waf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DAA-ad bew beu Tor middle valley: Beu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DAA-ae berik berik "proper", berrik, berick Tor lower valley: Kwondirjan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DAA-af safrontani Safrontani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DAA-ag sewan Sewan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DB MANDER chain
21-DBA MANDER net
21-DBA-a Mander Bu upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DBA-aa mander Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DC FOYA+ BONERIF*
chain
tor+ bu
21-DCA FOYA net
21-DCA-a Foya Tor middle valley Bu lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DCA-aa foya foja Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DCB BONERIF net
21-DCB-a Bonerif Tor middle right-bank Bu lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DCB-aa bonerif beneraf Beneraf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DD KWESTEN chain
21-DDA KWESTEN net
21-DDA-a Kwesten Takar coast: Woske-E. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-DDA-aa takar Takar Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-DDA-ab 'holmhaven' Holmhaven Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-DDA-ac mafenter Mafenter Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-DDA-ad arare Arare Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-DDA-ae omte Omte Indonesia (Irian Jaya)

21-DE DABE+ WARES*
chain
21-DEA DABE net
21-DEA-a Dabe Sarmi>E. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DEA-aa dabe Dabe Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DEB KEDER net
21-DEB-a Keder Tor-E. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DEB-aa keder Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DEC BETAF notional net classified geographically, pending linguistic data
21-DEC-a Betaf Sarmi>E. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DEC-aa betaf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-DF ITIK chain
21-DFA ITIK net
21-DFA-a Itik betef, borto community Biri upper left-bank: Itik Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DFA-aa itik-tor ittik-tor Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-DFA-ab itik-A. itik "proper", ittik Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-DG WARES chain
21-DGA WARES net
21-DGA-a Wares Biri upper right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DGA-aa wares maus-wares Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DH MAREMGI chain
21-DHA MAREMGI net
21-DHA-a Maremgi Fahoen-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-DHA-aa maremgi marengge Marengge Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-E MAWES set part of tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script
21-EA MAWES chain
21-EAA MAWES net
21-EAA-a Mawes Biu+ Toarim river-mouths Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-EAA-aa mawes-W. Biu-E. river-mouth enclave Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-EAA-ab mawes-E. Toarim-W. river-mouth enclave Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-F ORYA set uria, part of tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script
21-FA ORYA chain
21-FAA ORYA net
21-FAA-a Orya oria, uria, warpok, warpu Toarim lower valley Nawa upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-FAA-aa barat Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-FAA-ab timur Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-FAA-ac yapsi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-G AWYI+ TAIKAT set part of tami, "new guinea border" grouping Latin script
21-GA AWYI chain
21-GAA AWYI net
21-GAA-a Awyi Sekanto upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-GAA-aa awyi awye, awje, awji, nyao, njao Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-GB TAIKAT chain
21-GBA TAIKAT net
21-GBA-a Taikat Tami middle river-basin Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-GBA-aa taikat tajkat, arso Arso Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-H WARIS+ MANEM set part of tami, "new guinea border" grouping Latin script
21-HA MANEM chain
21-HAA MANEM net
21-HAA-a Manem including kibai; uskuar; griku Tami headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Sandaun)
2
21-HAA-aa wembi Wembi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-HAA-ab yeti jeti Yeti Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-HAA-ac skofro Skofro Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-HAA-ad skotiau manem-NE., skotiaho Skotiau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);
also Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-HB WARIS+ SIMOG
chain
21-HBA WARIS+ DAONDA
net
21-HBA-a Waris+ Imonda "wider" waris Pai Bapi headwaters Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);
3
21-HBA-aa waris waris "proper", walsa Waris Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Sandaun frontier)
3
21-HBA-ab imonda Imonda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
21-HBA-b Daonda Imonda>NE. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
21-HBA-ba daonda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
21-HBB SIMOG net
21-HBB-a Simog Imonda>E. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
21-HBB-aa simog Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
21-HC SENGGI chain
21-HCA SENGGI net
21-HCA-a Senggi Pai middle valley: Senggi Tomfor Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-HCA-aa senggi sengi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-HD SOWANDA+ PUNDA
chain
21-HDA SOWANDA+ PUNDA
net
21-HDA-a Sowanda+ Punda Bapi-W. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);
Indonesia (Irian Jaya adjacent)
3
21-HDA-aa sowanda waina, wina, wanya, wanja Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);
Indonesia (Irian Jaya adjacent)
3
21-HDA-ab punda+ umeda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
21-HE AMANAB chain
21-HEA AMANAB net
21-HEA-a Amanab Bapi-W. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);
3
21-HEA-aa amanab-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-HEA-ab amanab-E. Amanab Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
21-I PAGI+ KILMERI set BEWANI, part of tami, "new guinea border" grouping Latin script
21-IA PAGI+ KILMERI chain
21-IAA PAGI+ KILMERI net
21-IAA-a Umeda Bewani mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
21-IAA-aa umeda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
21-IAA-b Imbinis Bewani-N. mountains: Neumayer valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2*
21-IAA-ba imbinis Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
21-IAA-c Ainbai Bewani-N. mountains: Neumayer valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
21-IAA-ca ainbai Bewani Station-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
21-IAA-d Pagi Bewani-N. mountains: Puwani Neumayer upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
21-IAA-da pagi pagei Pagei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
21-IAA-e Kilmeri+ Isi* Neumayer valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
21-IAA-ea isi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
21-IAA-eb ossima osima Osima Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
21-IAA-ec kilmeri kilmera Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
21-IAA-f Ningera Neumayer+ Pual river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
21-IAA-fa ningera nagira, ninggera Ningera Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
21-J NIMBORAN+ GRESI*
set
Latin script
21-JA NIMBORAN+ GRESI
chain
21-JAA NIMBORAN net
21-JAA-a Nimboran Genyem, Genjem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-JAA-aa nimboran nambrong Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-JAB KWANSU+
BONGGRANG net
21-JAB-a Kwansu+ Bonggrang Sentani-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-JAB-aa kwansu kuangsu Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-JAB-ab bonggrang Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-JAC GRESI+ KEMTUIK
net
21-JAC-a Gresi Genyem-S.E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-JAC-aa gresi gresik Hawe Bring Sekori Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-JAC-b Kemtuik Sentani-SW. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-JAC-ba kemtuik kemtuk, kamtuk Mamdayawan Merem Braso Sawiron Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-JAD MEKWEI net
21-JAD-a Mekwei Sentani lake Tanahmerah bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-JAD-aa mekwei menggei, munggai, mungge, menggwei, munkei, mooi, moi, waipu,
including demenggong; waibron; bano distinct from [25] Moi-W. &
[25] Moire (Moi-NE.)
Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3

21-K MORWAP set Latin script
21-KA MORWAP chain
21-KAA MORWAP net
21-KAA-a Morwap Rewo headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-KAA-aa morwap janggu, djanggu, tabu, sawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-L SAUSE* set Latin script
21-LA SAUSE chain
21-LAA SAUSE net
21-LAA-a Sause Nawa middle right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-LAA-aa sause seuce Sause-Bokoko Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-M KAPORI set part of kaure+ kapori grouping Latin script
21-MA KAPORI chain
21-MAA KAPORI net
21-MAA-a Kapori Idenburg upper right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-MAA-aa kapori Pagai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-N KAURE+ NARAU set part of kaure+ kapori grouping Latin script
21-NA KAURE+ NARAU
chain
21-NAA KAURE+ NARAU net
21-NAA-a Narau Nawa middle Idenburg upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
21-NAA-aa narau Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-NAA-b Kaure Nawa lower valley Idenburg upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-NAA-ba kaure-A. kaureh Kaureh Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-NAA-bb kosadle kosare Idenburg upper left-bank: Hulu-Atas displaced eastward Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-O MOLOF set
21-OA MOLOF chain
21-OAA MOLOF net
21-OAA-a Molof Pai left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-OAA-aa molof ampas Senggi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-P USKU set
21-PA USKU chain
21-PAA USKU net
21-PAA-a Usku Pauwasi left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-PAA-aa usku Usku Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
21-Q TOFAMNA set
21-QA TOFAMNA chain
21-QAA TOFAMNA net
21-QAA-a Tofamna Nawa left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
21-QAA-aa tofamna Tofamna Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-R UNA+ SIRKAI set MEK, goliath Latin script
21-RA UNA+ HMANGGONA
chain
mek-W., goliath-W.
21-RAA HMANGGONA+
NIPSAN net
including yali
21-RAA-a Kosarek yali-kosarek, yale-kosarek Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RAA-aa wanam Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RAA-ab in-lom Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RAA-b Gilika Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-RAA-ba gilika Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-RAA-c Nipsan yali-nipsan, abenago Nipsan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RAA-ca yali-'pass' "pass-valley" yali Pass valley
21-RAA-cb landikma Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RAA-cc apahapsili Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RAA-d Hmanggona Naltya Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
21-RAA-da hmanggona nalca, naltje, naltya, hmonono, kimyal, kimjal Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
21-RAB KORUPUN+ SELA
net
21-RAB-a Korupun+ Dagi korapun, kimyal-korupun Erok upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RAB-aa korupun duram Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RAB-ab dagi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RAB-ac sisibna gobugdua Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RAB-ad deibula Indonesia (Irian Jaya)

1999 / 2000 edition
21-RAB-b Sela Sela Thai valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RAB-ba sela-NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RAB-bb sela-SE. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RAC UNA+ EIPO net
21-RAC-a Una Yay-W. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RAC-aa una "mount" goliath, goliath, langda, in [52] Nederlands: oranje-gebergte
Goliath mountain Weip-E. valley
21-RAC-b Eipo+ Fa "t-valley" Eipo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RAC-ba fa-mek Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RAC-bb keririmna Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RAC-bc eipo-mek Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RB SIRKAI+
KETENGBAN chain
mek-E., goliath-E.
21-RBA SIRKAI+
KETENGBAN net
21-RBA-a Sirkai Sobger left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RBA-aa sirkai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RBA-b Ketengban kupel, oktengban Ok-Bi Ok-Tyop upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RBA-ba limeri Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RBA-bb tanime Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RBA-bc bima Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RBA-bd kanume Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RBA-be teli Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RBA-bf kirome Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RBA-bg bame Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RBA-bh ok-bab Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RBA-bi larye Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-RBA-c Kinome Ok-Bi Ok-Tyop upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-RBA-ca kinome kupel, oktengban Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
21-S DUBU+ TOWEI set pauwasi-W.; part of pauwasi grouping
21-SA DUBU+ TOWEI chain
21-SAA DUBU net
21-SAA-a Dubu Ubrub-NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-SAA-aa dubu Affi Dobu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-SAB TOWEI net
21-SAB-a Towei Ubrub-SW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-SAB-aa towei towe Towe Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-T YAFI+ EMUMU set pauwasi-E.; part of pauwasi grouping Latin script
21-TA YAFI+ EMUMU chain
21-TAA YAFI net
21-TAA-a Yafi Ubrub-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-TAA-aa yafi jafi, yaffi, yaffri, wagarindem, wargarindem Yaffri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
21-TAB EMUMU net
21-TAB-a Emumu Ubrub-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya frontier) 3
21-TAB-aa emumu kiamerop Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
21-U ANGOR+ MENGAU
set
SENAG Latin script
21-UA ANGOR+
MENGAUchain
21-UAA MENGAU+
KAMBERATARO net
21-UAA-a Mengau+
Kamberataro
dera, dra, kamberataro, komberatoro Faringi valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Sandaun)
3
21-UAA-aa kamberataro-N. (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun)
21-UAA-ab kamberataro-S. (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun)
21-UAA-ac mengau mangguar (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun)
21-UAA-ad lihen (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun)
21-UAA-ae duka-ekor Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)

21-UAB ANGOR net
21-UAB-a Angor anggor, watapor, senagi, bibriari Amanab-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
21-UAB-aa nai angor-C. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
21-UAB-ab monga Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
21-UAB-ac samanai Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
21-V OKSAPMIN set Latin script
21-VA OKSAPMIN chain
21-VAA OKSAPMIN net
21-VAA-a Oksapmin Strickland upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
21-VAA-aa oksapmin Oksapmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
22= MANDANGIC
phylozone
covers the"Madang-Adelbert" grouping (part of the "Trans-
New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 23 sets of languages (=
101 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia,
centered on the Madang-Adelbert Range in New Guinea:
22-A IKUNDUN+ KATIATI 22-B PAYNAMAR
22-C NEND+ ATEMBLE 22-D APAL+ MUSAK
22-E BIYOM+ FAITA 22-F PILA+ TANI
22-G MAUWAKE+ HINIHON 22-H ABASAKUR+ KOGUMAN
22-I USAN+ PARAWEN 22-J AMAIMON
22-K WASKIA+ KORAK 22-L BUNABUN+ MALAS
22-M DIMIR 22-N BARGAM
22-O KARE 22-P GARUS+ GIRAWA
22-Q GARIA+ URIGINA 22-R SAUSI+ DUMPU
22-S OGEA+ RERAU 22-T ANJAM+ SONGUM
22-U PULABU+ SIROI 22-V SAEP+ YABONG
22-W WASEMBO
22-A IKUNDUN+ KATIATI
set
JOSEPHSTAAL Latin script
22-AA IKUNDUN+
WADAGINAM chain
pomoikan-N.+ wadaginam; part of pomoikan grouping
22-AAA WADAGINAM net
22-AAA-a Wadaginam Guam, Goam upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-AAA-aa wadaginam wadaginamb Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-AAB MORESADA net part of pomoikan-N.
22-AAB-a Moresada Guam, Goam upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-AAB-aa moresada murisapa, murusapa+ sarewa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-AAC IKUNDUN net part of pomoikan-N.
22-AAC-a Ikundun mindivi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-AAC-aa ikundun mindivi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-AB PONDOMA chain pomoikan-S.; part of pomoikan grouping
22-ABA PONDOMA net
22-ABA-a Pondoma Josephstaal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-ABA-aa pondoma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-AC OSUM chain
22-ACA OSUM net
22-ACA-a Osum Aingurum Sogeram valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-ACA-aa osum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-AD KATIATI+ SILEIBI
chain
sikan
22-ADA KATIATI net
22-ADA-a Katiati Josephstaal-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-ADA-aa katiati Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-ADB SILEIBI net
22-ADB-a Sileibi Musita Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-ADB-aa sileibi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-B PAYNAMAR set wanang-N.; part of wanang grouping
22-BA PAYNAMAR chain
22-BAA PAYNAMAR net
22-BAA-a Paynamar Sogeram valley: Paynamar Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-BAA-aa paynamar Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-C NEND+ ATEMBLE
set
ATAN, wanang-C.; part of wanang grouping Latin script
22-CA NEND+ ATEMBLE
chain
22-CAA NEND net angaua
22-CAA-a Nend Sogeram valley Ramu middle valley: Pasinkap Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-CAA-aa nend nent; angaua community Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-CAB ATEMBLE net
22-CAB-a Atemble Ramu middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-CAB-aa atemble atemple-apris, atemple Atemple Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1

22-D APAL+ MUSAK set EMUAN, wanang-S.; part of wanang grouping
22-DA APAL chain
22-DAA APAL net
22-DAA-a Apal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-DAA-aa apal-N. Tevari Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-DAA-ab apal-S. emerum, apali Angguna Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-DB MUSAK chain
22-DBA MUSAK net
22-DBA-a Musak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-DBA-aa musak Musak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-E BIYOM+ FAITA* set BRAHMAN Latin script
22-EA FAITA chain
22-EAA FAITA net
22-EAA-a Faita Ramu valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-EAA-aa faita Usino-SW. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-EB TAUYA chain
22-EBA TAUYA net
22-EBA-a Tauya Imbrum Tauya valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-EBA-aa tauya inafosa Tauya Kausi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-EC BIYOM chain
22-ECA BIYOM net
22-ECA-a Biyom Tauya valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-ECA-aa biyom sasimo, sasime Bundi-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-ED ISABI chain
22-EDA ISABI net
22-EDA-a Isabi Marcia left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-EDA-aa isabi maruhia Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-F PILA+ MAIANI set KAUKOMBRAN, part of pihom grouping Latin script
22-FA PILA+ MAIANI chain banara, hatzfeldthaven, moando
22-FAA PAY net
22-FAA-a Pay pai, mala, alam, banara #pay, pai=speech Dagoi Malala
Harbour coastal enclaves
Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-FAA-aa dagoi dagui, pay-W. Dagoi Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-FAA-ab hatzfeldthaven pay-C. Hatzfeldthaven Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-FAA-ac malala pay-E. Malala Harbour Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-FAB PILA net
22-FAB-a Pila miani #pila=speech Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-FAB-aa bonaputa+ mopu Bonaputa+ Mopu Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-FAB-ab suaru Suaru Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-FAC MAIA net
22-FAC-a Maia maya, saki # maia, maya=speech Mugamat-W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-FAC-aa turatapa turutap Turutapa Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-FAC-ab yakiba Yakiba Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-FAC-ac mugumat-saki Mugamat Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-FAD MAIANI net
22-FAD-a Maiani miami, tani, banara #maiani =speech Mugamat-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-FAD-aa mugumat-tani Mugamat Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-FAD-ab wagimuda Wagimuda Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-G MAUWAKE+
HINIHON set
UBEAN, part of pihom grouping Latin script
22-GA MAUWAKE chain
22-GAA MAUWAKE net
22-GAA-a Mauwake Kumil valley Sikor coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-GAA-aa mauwake ulingan, mawake Muaka Sikor Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-GB BEPOUR chain
22-GBA BEPOUR net
22-GBA-a Bepour Kumil-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-GBA-aa bepour Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-GC MOERE chain
22-GCA MOERE net
22-GCA-a Moere Kumil-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-GCA-aa moere Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1

1999 / 2000 edition
22-GD MAWAK chain
22-GDA MAWAK net
22-GDA-a Mawak Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-GDA-aa mawak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-GE KOWAKI chain
22-GEA KOWAKI net
22-GEA-a Kowaki Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-GEA-aa kowaki Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-GF HINIHON chain
22-GFA HINIHON net
22-GFA-a Hinihon Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-GFA-aa hinihon Hinihon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-GG MUSAR chain
22-GGA MUSAR net
22-GGA-a Musar aregerek Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-GGA-aa musar aregerek Timper valley: Musar mountain Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-GH WANAMBRE chain
22-GHA WANAMBRE net mawamuan-S.
22-GHA-a Wanambre Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-GHA-aa wanambre vanembere, vanambere Timper valley: Wanambre Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-H ABASAKUR+
KOGUMAN set
OMOSAN, part of pihom grouping
22-HA ABASAKUR+
KOGUMAN chain
22-HAA KOGUMAN net
22-HAA-a Koguman Savai headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-HAA-aa koguman Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-HAB ABASAKUR net
22-HAB-a Abasakur Savai headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-HAB-aa abasakur Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-I USAN+ PARAWEN
set
NUMAGENAN, "wayapan", part of pihom grouping Latin script
22-IA USAN+ YABEN chain
22-IAA USAN net
22-IAA-a Usan Adelbert Range-W. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-IAA-aa usan wanuma Wanuma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-IAB YABEN net
22-IAB-a Yaben Adelbert Range mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-IAB-aa yaben-SW. Adelbert Range-W. mountains: Numugen middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-IAB-ab yaben-NE. Adelbert Range-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-IB PARAWEN+
UKURIGAMA chain
wayapan-S.
22-IBA PARAWEN net
22-IBA-a Parawen Kosilanta Gogol upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-IBA-aa parawen para Parawen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-IBB UKURIGUMA+
YARAWATA net
22-IBB-a Ukuriguma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-IBB-aa ukuriguma Kosilanta-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-IBB-b Yarawata Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-IBB-ba yarawata Kosilanta-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-IC BILAKURA* chain
22-ICA BILAKURA net
22-ICA-a Bilakura Numugen headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-ICA-aa bilakura* Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-J AMAIMON set part of pihom grouping
22-JA AMAIMON chain
22-JAA AMAIMON net
22-JAA-a Amaimon Gogol valley Sogeram right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-JAA-aa amaimon Amaimon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2

22-K WASKIA+ KORAK
set
KOWAN, part of isumrud grouping Latin script
22-KA KORAK chain
22-KAA KORAK net
22-KAA-a Korak Dove Point coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-KAA-aa korak Korak Taveltai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-KB WASKIA+ KARKAR
chain
22-KBA WASKIA+ KARKAR
net
22-KBA-a Waskia+ Karkar Isumrud strait Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-KBA-aa karkar Karkar-N. island: Karkar Urugen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-KBA-ab waskia woskia, vaskia, tokain Tokain coast: Gilagil river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-L BUNABUN+ MALAS
set
part of isumrud grouping
22-LA BUNABUN chain
22-LAA BUNABUN net
22-LAA-a Bunabun Dove Point-S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-LAA-aa bunabun bunubun, bububun Bunabun Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-LB MALAS chain
22-LBA MALAS net
22-LBA-a Malas Timper-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-LBA-aa malas mabuan Malas Imbarb Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-M DIMIR set part of isumrud grouping Latin script
22-MA DIMIR chain
22-MAA DIMIR net
22-MAA-a Dimir Karim coast Gilagil middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-MAA-aa dimir boskien, bosiken Dimir Baskan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-N BARGAM set Latin script
22-NA BARGAM chain
22-NAA BARGAM net
22-NAA-a Bargam Croisilles cape Kurum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-NAA-aa bargam mugil, bunu, saker Bunu Mugil Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-O KARE set
22-OA KARE chain
22-OAA KARE net
22-OAA-a Kare Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-OAA-aa kare Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-P GARUS+ GIRAWA*
set
MABUSO, Latin script internal relationships to be clarified,
including diagnostic use of different words for what
22-PA GARUS+ GARUH
chain
22-PAA GARUS+ REMPI net
22-PAA-a Garus Garu hinterland Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PAA-aa garus part of ate, part of em, kurupi #ate or em =what Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PAA-b Yoidik Astrolabe Bay-N. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PAA-ba yoidik part of em Yoidik #em =what Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PAA-c Rempi Astrolabe Bay-W. coast-: Alexishafen-N. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PAA-ca rempi rempin, a'e, erempi Sempi #a'e =what Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PAB GARUH+ KAMBA net
22-PAB-a Garuh Alexishafen hinterland Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PAB-aa garuh butelkud+ guntabak, nobonob, nobnob Butelkud Nobanob Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PAB-b Kamba Madang hinterland Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PAB-ba wagi vagi, furan, foran, kamba, mis+ kembar Foran Mis Kamba,
Kembar
22-PB MURUPI+ WAMAS*
chain
22-PBA MOSIMO net
22-PBA-a Mosimo Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-PBA-aa mosimo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-PBB WAMAS net
22-PBB-a Wamas Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PBB-aa wamas Wamas Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
22-PBC SAMOSA net
22-PBC-a Samosa Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-PBC-aa samosa Samosa+ Soli Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-PBD MURUPI net
22-PBD-a Murupi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PBD-aa murupi part of ate Murupi #ate =what Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PBE RAPTING net
22-PBE-a Rapting Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PBE-aa rapting lapting Lapting Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PC SARUGA+ UTU*
chain
22-PCA SARUGA net
22-PCA-a Saruga Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCA-aa saruga Saruga Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCB BAGUPI net
22-PCB-a Bagupi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-PCB-aa bagupi Bagupi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-PCC NAKE net
22-PCC-a Nake ale Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCC-aa nake ale Nake+ Itapi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCD SILOPI net
22-PCD-a Silopi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCD-aa silopi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCE MATEPI net
22-PCE-a Matepi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCE-aa matepi Matepi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCF UTU net
22-PCF-a Utu Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCF-aa utu Utu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCG GAL net
22-PCG-a Gal Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCG-aa gal baimak-N., weim Gal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCH BAIMAK net
22-PCH-a Baimak Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCH-aa baimak Baimak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCI MAWAN net
22-PCI-a Mawan Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PCI-aa mawan Mawan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PD ISEBE+ AMELE*
chain
GUM, abaian
22-PDA ISEBE+ PANIM net
22-PDA-a Panim Madang-W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PDA-aa panim Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PDA-b Isebe+ Bau Kauris Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PDA-ba isebe balahaim Barahaim Panim Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PDA-bb bau Bau Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PDB GUMALU net
22-PDB-a Gumalu Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PDB-aa gumalu Gumalu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PDC SIHAN net
22-PDC-a Sihan Gogol right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PDC-aa sihan Kokom lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PDD AMELE net
22-PDD-a Amele Gogol lower left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PDD-aa amele amale Amele Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PE GIRAWA+ MUNIT
chain
KOKOM
22-PEA MUNIT net
22-PEA-a Munit Kokom middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PEA-aa munit Berin Waguma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PEB BEMAL net
22-PEB-a Bemal Kokom upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-PEB-aa bemal kein Bemal Jal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2

22-PEC GIRAWA net
22-PEC-a Girawa Sogeram upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-PEC-aa girawa begasin, bagasin Bagasin Garinam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-Q GARIA+ URIGINA set PEKA, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script
22-QA GARIA chain
22-QAA GARIA net
22-QAA-a Garia Sogeram Peka headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-QAA-aa garia kari, sumau Sumau Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-QB USINO chain
22-QBA USINO net
22-QBA-a Usino Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-QBA-aa usino kari, sop Usino Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-QC DANARU chain
22-QCA DANARU net
22-QCA-a Danaru Peka upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-QCA-aa danaru Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-QD URIGINA chain
22-QDA URIGINA net
22-QDA-a Urigina Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-QDA-aa urigina uriginau, origanau Urigini Korigina Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-R SAUSI+ DUMPU set EVAPIA, part of rai-"coast" Latin script
22-RA SINSAURU chain
22-RAA SINSAURU net
22-RAA-a Sinsauru Mindim upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-RAA-aa sinsauru-A. kow Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-RAA-ab saipa Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-RB SAUSI chain
22-RBA SAUSI net
22-RBA-a Sausi Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-RBA-aa sausi uya Koropa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-RC ASAS chain
22-RCA ASAS net
22-RCA-a Asas Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-RCA-aa asas kow Koropa-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-RD KESAWAI chain
22-RDA KESAWAI net
22-RDA-a Kesawai Ramu Marcia upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-RDA-aa kesawai namuya Kesawai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-RE DUMPU chain
22-REA DUMPU net
22-REA-a Dumpu Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-REA-aa dumpu watifa, watiwa Dumpu Bebei Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-S OGEA+ RERAU set NURU, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script
22-SA USU chain
22-SAA USU net
22-SAA-a Usu Kokon headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-SAA-aa usu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-SB OGEA chain
22-SBA OGEA net
22-SBA-a Ogea Astrolabe Bay-W. coast: Gogol-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SBA-aa ogea erima, nuru, ato Ato Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SC DUDUELA chain
22-SCA DUDUELA net
22-SCA-a Duduela Nuru middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SCA-aa duduela Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SD KWATO chain
22-SDA KWATO net
22-SDA-a Kwato Mindin middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SDA-aa kwato waupe Kwato Yaula Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
22-SE JILIM chain
22-SEA JILIM net
22-SEA-a Jilim Mindin middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SEA-aa jilim Jilim Jamjam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SF RERAU chain
22-SFA RERAU net
22-SFA-a Rerau Mindin lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SFA-aa rerau Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SG YANGULAM chain
22-SGA YANGULAM net
22-SGA-a Yangulam Kabenau-SE. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-SGA-aa yangulam jenglam, englam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-T ANJAM+ SONGUM
set
MINDJIM, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script
22-TA ANJAM chain
22-TAA ANJAM net
22-TAA-a Anjam Astrolabe Bay: Mindim river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-TAA-aa anjam bogati, bom, bogajim, bogadjim, lalok Bom Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
22-TB MALE chain
22-TBA MALE net
22-TBA-a Male Astrolabe Bay-S. coast-S.: Mindim river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-TBA-aa male Male Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-TC BONGU chain
22-TCA BONGU net
22-TCA-a Bongu Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Kabenau-W. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-TCA-aa bongu Bongu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-TD SONGUM chain
22-TDA SONGUM net
22-TDA-a Songum Kabenau lower right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-TDA-aa songum Songum Bang Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-U PULABU+ SIROI set KABENAU, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script
22-UA PULABU chain
22-UAA PULABU net
22-UAA-a Pulabu Kabenau middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-UAA-aa pulabu-A. pilabu Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-UAA-ab kadda Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-UB LEMIO chain
22-UBA LEMIO net
22-UBA-a Lemio Kabenau upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-UBA-aa lemio-A. Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-UBA-ab gurumbu Gurumbu Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-UC ARAWUM chain
22-UCA ARAWUM net
22-UCA-a Arawum Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Kambara-W. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-UCA-aa arawum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-UD SIROI chain
22-UDA SIROI net
22-UDA-a Siroi rimba, rumba Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Rimbo-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-UDA-aa siroi-A. suroi Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-UDA-ab pasa Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-UDA-ac komisanga Papua New Guinea (Madang)
22-UE KOLOM chain
22-UEA KOLOM net
22-UEA-a Kolom Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Dein-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-UEA-aa kolom langtub, lamtub Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-V SAEP+ YABONG set YAGANON, part of rai-"coast" Latin script
22-VA DUMUN chain
22-VAA DUMUN net
22-VAA-a Dumun Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Gowar lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
22-VAA-aa dumun bai Dumun Bai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1

22-VB SAEP chain
22-VBA SAEP net
22-VBA-a Saep Gowar middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-VBA-aa saep Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-VC GANGLAU chain
22-VCA GANGLAU net
22-VCA-a Ganglau Astrolabe Bay-S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-VCA-aa ganglau Dein Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-VD YABONG chain
22-VDA YABONG net
22-VDA-a Yabong Yaganon lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-VDA-aa yabong Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
22-W WASEMBO* set part of pihom
22-WA WASEMBO chain
22-WAA WASEMBO net
22-WAA-a Wasembo Gusap middle valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
22-WAA-aa wasembo gusap, yankowan, biapim Gusap Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
23= OWALAMIC
phylozone
covers the "Owalamic" or "East Trans-New Guinea" grouping
(part of the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 11
sets of languages (= 57 outer languages) spoken by
communities in Australasia, centered on the Owen Stanley
(including Owalama) Range & Peninsula in eastern New
Guinea:
23-A SUENA+ GUHU-SAMANE 23-B FUYUGE+ WERI
23-C KOIALI+ BARAI 23-D KWALE+ HUMENE
23-E MULAHA 23-F MARIA+ DOROMU
23-G YAREBA+ MAGI 23-H ONJOB
23-I DAGA+ MAIWA 23-J UMANAKAINA
23-K GINUMAN+ KANASI
Papua New Guinea 5
23-A SUENA+ GUHU-
SAMANE set
"binanderean"+ guhu-samane Latin script
23-AA GUHU-SAMANE
chain
23-AAA GUHU-SAMANE net
23-AAA-a Guhu-Samane tahari, muri, bia Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3
23-AAA-aa waria-C. "middle" waria Waria middle valley: Bapi+ Kakeipo Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3
23-AAA-ab sekare Papua New Guinea (Morobe
and/or Oro)
23-AAA-ac paiawa paewa, paiewa Pai-awa village+ river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
23-AAA-ad eipa Mai-Ama middle valley: Eipa Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
23-AB SUENA+ OROKAIVA
chain
BINANDEREAN
23-ABA SUENA+ ZIA net
23-ABA-a Suena Mai-ama river-mouth Morobe coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
23-ABA-aa suena yema, yarawe, yarawi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
23-ABA-b Yekora Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
23-ABA-ba yekora-E. Waria river-mouth: Sapa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
23-ABA-bb yekora-W. Mo upper valley: Posei Ana Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
23-ABA-c Zia Waria lower valley Hercules bay Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3
23-ABA-ca zia tsia, ziya, "lower" waria Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3
23-ABA-d Mawae Waria valley:Iema Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3
23-ABA-da mawae Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3
23-ABB BINANDERE+
AMBASI net
23-ABB-a Binandere Tavi valley Kurureda Papua New Guinea (Oro; Morobe
adjacent)
3
23-ABB-aa binandere ioma-binandere Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABB-b Ambasi Bekabari Katura coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABB-ba ambasi-A. tain-daware, davari, dawari Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABB-bb killerton Killerton coast Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABC AEKA net
23-ABC-a Aeka Opi upper valley Kumusi+ Jajau valleys Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABC-aa aeka aiga Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABD OROKAIVA+
HUNJARA net
23-ABD-a Orokaiva orakaiva Kumusi upper valley Garuro coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 4
23-ABD-aa wasida waseta, wasera, waseda Saiho Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-ab jegasi+ saruhu Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-ac periho berepo Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-ad kombu+ sangara Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-ae sairope Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-af kendata Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-ag jegarata+ kakendetta Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-ah sohe Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-ai popondetta Popondetta Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-aj doboduru dubuduru Hongerata Garuro Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABD-b Hunjara Kokoda Sairope Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABD-ba hunjara huntjara, koko Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3

23-ABE EWAGE+ NOTU net
23-ABE-a Ewage+ Notu Papua New Guinea (Oro) 4
23-ABE-aa ewage-buna Auro+ Buna coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 4
23-ABE-ab ewage-gona* Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABE-aba yega-W. Killerton>S. (Oro)
23-ABE-abb okeina okena Porlock Harbour (Oro)
23-ABE-ac notu Embogo Pongani coast; migr> Porlock Harbour Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3*
23-ABF GAINA net
23-ABF-a Gaina Bariji lower left-bank: Iwugi Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABF-aa bareji baredji, bariji Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABF-ab gaina-A. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-ABG BARUGA net
23-ABG-a Baruga Musa valley Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABG-aa songadi+ karisoa Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-ABG-aaa songadi Bariji river-mouth (Oro)
23-ABG-aab karisoa Musa river-mouth: Karisoa (Oro)
23-ABG-ab tugari Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABG-ac gombara Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABG-ad kinjaki Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABG-ae kakasa Kakasa Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABG-af embessa Embessa Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABG-ag gugumu Gugumu Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABG-ah totore Totore Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-ABH DOGORO net
23-ABH-a Dogoro Bendorada Sebaga coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-ABH-aa dogoro Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-ABI KORAFE net
23-ABI-a Korafe Cape Nelson cape Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABI-aa korafe-A. korape, korafi, kwarafe, okeina, kailikaili Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-ABI-ab mokorua yega-E. Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-B FUYUGE+ WERI set GOILALAN Latin script
23-BA BIANGAI chain
23-BAA BIANGAI net
23-BAA-a Biangai Bulolo headwaters: Wau Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
23-BAA-aa ngowiye Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
23-BAA-ab yongolei Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
23-BB WERI chain
23-BBA WERI net
23-BBA-a Weri weli, wele Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
23-BBA-aa sim Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
23-BBA-ab biaru+ waria Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
23-BBA-aba biaru Biaru headwaters (Morobe)
23-BBA-abb 'upper'-waria Waria headwaters (Morobe)
23-BBA-ac ono Ono headwaters Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
23-BC KUNIMAIPA+ GAJILI
chain
23-BCA KUNIMAIPA+ GAJILI
net
23-BCA-a Gajili Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
23-BCA-aa gajili gajila, gazili, ghazili Bubu valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
23-BCA-b Kunimaipa "pseudo" gajili Kunimaipa Inwatunga headwaters Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-BCA-ba karuama Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-BCA-bb kate hate Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-BD TAUADE chain
23-BDA TAUADE net
23-BDA-a Tauade Angabunga Alabule headwaters Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 4
23-BDA-aa tauade tauata Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 4
23-BE FUYUGE chain
23-BEA FUYUGE net
23-BEA-a Fuyuge fujuge, fuyughe, mafufu, woitape Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 4
23-BEA-aa auga Auga upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-BEA-ab dilava Dilava upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-BEA-ac ononge vanapa, onange, fuyuge-C. Vanapa middle valley: Ononge Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-BEA-ad chirima Chirima valley Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
23-C KOIALI+ BARAI set KOIARIAN Latin script
23-CA KOIALI+ KOIARI
chain
KOIARIC
23-CAA KOIALI net "mountain" koiari
23-CAA-a Koiali-E Kumusi headwaters Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-CAA-aa awoma Awoma Tetebe Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CAA-ab kovio Kovio Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CAA-b Koiali-N. Mambara left-bank Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-CAA-ba koiali-N. Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CAA-c Koiali-W. Vanapa river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-CAA-ca koiali-W. Vanapa river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CAA-d Koiali-C. Brown upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-CAA-da koiali-C. Brown upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-CAA-e Koiali-S. Goldie valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-CAA-ea varagadi varagadi community Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CAA-eb uberi uberi community Uberi Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CAA-ec moroka moroka community Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CAA-ed herei herei community Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CAA-ee eava eava community Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CAB KOIARI+ KOITA net
23-CAB-a Koita koitabu Port Moresby-N. Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-CAB-aa koita-W. Gorohu coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-CAB-ab koita-E. Brown lower valley Roku coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-CAB-b Koiari "grass" koiari Sogeri plateau: Port Moresby-E. Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-CAB-ba koiari-W. Sogeri Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CAB-bb koiari-E. Agitana Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CB BARAI+
MANAGALASI chain
BARAIC
23-CBA BARAI+ UMWATE
net
23-CBA-a Barai+ Umwate Owen Stanley Range high valleys Papua New Guinea (Central);
(Oro)
3
23-CBA-aa nigubaiba Doe Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CBA-ab barai Sorikoro Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CBA-ac pitoni Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CBA-ad tabu Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CBA-ae laroni Mimai Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-CBA-af manoa Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CBA-ag mogoni Iaure Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CBA-ah umwate Umwate Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CBA-ai ufia Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CBA-aj kokora Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CBA-ak pirimi Kiar Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CBA-al emo Emo River Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CBA-am seramina formerly Papua New Guinea 0
23-CBA-an uala Papua New Guinea 0
23-CBB MANAGALASI+
MIE net
23-CBB-a mie aomie, managalasi-H Mamama Kumusi upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-CBB-aa zuwadza Kumusi upper valley: Managubi Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-ab asapa mie-C. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-ac gora+ bomahouji Lamington-S. mountain Gora+ Bomahouji Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-b Managalasi managulasi Bariji left-bank: Lamington mountain Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3
23-CBB-ba nami Kwarue Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-bb mesari Jorara+ Natanga Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-bc averi Natanga-N. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-bd minjori Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-be numba Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-bf akabara Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-bg wakue Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2

23-CBB-bh karira Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-bi jimuni Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-bj oko Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-bk afore Afore Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-CBB-bl muaturaina Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CBB-bm chimona Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-CBB-bn dea Papua New Guinea (Oro)
23-D KWALE+ HUMENE
set
part of "kwalean" grouping Latin script
23-DA KWALE+ HUMENE
chain
23-DAA KWALE+ HUMENE
net
23-DAA-a Humene+ Lagume manukolu Iovei coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-DAA-aa humene Manugoro Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-DAA-ab lagume lakume Gobuia Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-DAA-b Kwale+ Garia Kemp+ Welch right-bank Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-DAA-ba kwale kware, tware, uare Kwale-W. Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-DAA-bb garia Hunter lower valley Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-E MULAHA set part of "kwalean" grouping
23-EA MULAHA chain
23-EAA MULAHA net
23-EAA-a Mulaha muzaha+ zareba extinct +submerged by [23] Humene Gaile-SE. Papua New Guinea (Central) 0
23-EAA-aa mulaha-A. muzaha Papua New Guinea (Central) 0
23-EAA-ab iaibu Papua New Guinea (Central) 0
23-F MARIA+ DOROMU
set
MANUBARAN Latin script
23-FA MARIA+ DOROMU
chain
23-FAA DOROMU+ KOKILA
net
23-FAA-a Doromu+ Kokila doram Brown-W. mountain Papua New Guinea (Central);
(Oro)
2
23-FAA-aa kokila Bareika Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-FAA-ab doromu Aramaika Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-FAA-ac koriko Lofaika Papua New Guinea (Central);
(Oro)
23-FAB MARIA+ DIDIGARU
net
23-FAB-a Maria+ Didigaru manubara Waipala upper Lako Imila Bomuguina valleys Papua New Guinea (Central);
(Oro)
3
23-FAB-aa didigaru Maranomu Papua New Guinea (Central);
(Oro)
2
23-FAB-ab oibu Papua New Guinea (Central) 1
23-FAB-ac gebi Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-FAB-ad amota Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-FAB-ae maria Maria Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-FAB-af imila Imila valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-FAB-ag uderi Papua New Guinea (Central) 1
23-G YAREBA+ MAGI set "yareban"+ "mailuan" Latin script
23-GA YAREBA+ BARIJI
chain
YAREBAN
23-GAA BARIJI net
23-GAA-a Bariji Bariji right-bank: Samaga Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAA-aa bariji aga-bereho Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAB YAREBA+ NAWARU
net
23-GAB-a Nawaru Moni upper valley Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAB-aa nawaru sirio Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAB-b Yareba Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAB-ba yareba "middle" musa Musa upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAC MOIKODI+ ANEME-
WAKE net
23-GAC-a Moikodi Dureri river-basin: Moikodi Babudi Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAC-aa moikodi doriri, dureri Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
23-GAC-b Aneme-Wake abie, abia Ianu>N.: Foasi Domara creeks Papua New Guinea (Central);
(Oro)
2
23-GAC-ba jari Jari Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAC-bb auwaka Auwaka Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAC-bc doma Doma Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GAC-bd buniabura Mori valley: Debana Buniabura villages (now abandoned) Papua New Guinea (Central) 1
23-GAC-be mori Mori left-bank Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GB MAGI+ BAUWAKI
chain
MAILUAN +transition to [23] Yareba+ Bariji
23-GBA BAUWAKI+ DOMU
net
Papua New Guinea (Oro);
(Central)
23-GBA-a Bauwaki ba-vake #=true speech Papua New Guinea (Oro);
(Central)
2
23-GBA-aa ba-vake-N. Adau valley Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GBA-ab ba-vake-S. Amau Papua New Guinea (Oro and/or
Central)
23-GBA-b Domu Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBA-ba domu dom Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2
23-GBB NEME+ MORAWA net #-da'a =speech
23-GBB-a Neme-Da'a 'binahari'-SE. Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBB-aa neme-da'a neme, neme'a, nemea Amina middle valley: Oio Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBB-b Ma-Da'a 'binahari'-C. Baubagina Liba upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBB-ba doma-liba doma Liba upper valley: Doma 2 Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-GBB-bb sigili Bam Sigili Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-GBB-bc apaeva Babauguina valley: Apaeva Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-GBB-c Morawa Duramu+ Aniado: Cloudy Bay bay Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBB-ca morawa Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-GBC MAGI+ LAUA net
23-GBC-a Laua Bailebo upper valley: Laua Papua New Guinea (Central) 1
23-GBC-aa laua "labu" Papua New Guinea (Central) 1
23-GBC-b Magi mailu Sandbank Orangerie bays Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-GBC-ba domara Baxter bay Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-GBC-bb darava Darava Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBC-bc asiaoro Asiaulo Oraoro Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBC-bd mailu magi-C. Kulele coast Mailu+ Laluoro+ Loupom islands Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-GBC-be derebai Derebai Selai Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBC-bf borebo Borebo coast Eunoro island Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBC-bg geagea Onioni Geagea Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBC-bh ilai Ilai Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-GBC-bi baibara Oibada Gogo Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-H ONJOB set dagan-NW.; part of dagan grouping Latin script
23-HA ONJOB chain
23-HAA ONJOB net
23-HAA-a Onjob Victory-S. mountain Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-HAA-aa onjob onjab Naukwata Koreaf Papua New Guinea (Central) 3
23-I DAGA+ MAIWA set dagan-C.; part of dagan grouping Latin script
23-IA DAGA+ MAPENA
chain
23-IAA DAGA net
23-IAA-a Daga nawp, 'dim' #dim =cretin Owen Stanley Range valleys Papua New Guinea (Central; Milne
Bay)
3
23-IAA-aa bonua Bonua, Bona upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-IAA-ab tavanei Tavanei valley Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-IAA-ac ulumanu Ulumanu valley Papua New Guinea (Central)
23-IAA-ad ruaba-S. Ruaba headwaters Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
23-IAB MAPENA net
23-IAB-a Mapena Gwoira mountain Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-IAB-aa mapena Ruaba Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-IAC TURAKA* net
23-IAC-a Turaka Ruaba>S. Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-IAC-aa turaka Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2

23-IB MAIWA chain
23-IBA MAIWA net
23-IBA-a Maiwa pue, kwateva Papua New Guinea (Oro); (Milne
Bay)
3
23-IBA-aa biniguni Rakua headwaters: Biniguni Papua New Guinea (Oro); (Milne
Bay)
2
23-IBA-ab wapon maneao Maneao Range-N. mountains: Wapon Maneau Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-IBA-ac maiwa-S. Kwagilu+ Yome headwaters Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-IBA-ad pumani Pumani Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-IBA-ae baiawa moibiri Moi-Biri bay: Baiawa Yome valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-IC JIMAJIMA chain
23-ICA JIMAJIMA net
23-ICA-a Jimajima dima Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-ICA-aa buburida "west-coastal" jimajima Buburida coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-ICA-ab ruaba "east-inland" jimajima Ruaba valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2
23-J UMANAKAINA set dagan-E.; part of dagan grouping Latin script
23-JA UMANAKAINA chain
23-JAA UMANAKAINA net
23-JAA-a Umanakaina gwedena, gweda, gwede, gvede, umanikaina Goodenough bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
23-JAA-aa umanakaina-N. 'umanakaina-E.' Radarada Augwana Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
23-JAA-ab ugu umanakaina-S. Ugu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
23-K GINUMAN+ KANASI
set
dagan-SE.; part of dagan grouping Latin script
23-KA GINUMAN chain
23-KAA GINUMAN net
23-KAA-a Ginuman Nakara, Naraka coast Simpson mountain Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-KAA-aa ginuman dime Papua New Guinea (Central) 2
23-KB KANASI chain
23-KBA KANASI net
23-KBA-a Kanasi dima, sona Thompson mountain Papua New Guinea (Central);
(Milne Bay)
3
23-KBA-aa kanasi-NW. Kutu valley: Dombasaina Papua New Guinea (Central);
(Milne Bay)
23-KBA-ab kanasi-NE. Mase valley: Subinesa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
23-KBA-ac kanasi-SE. Laimado valley: Saroro-H Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
23-KBA-ad kanasi-SW. Origuna valley: Kuru Papua New Guinea (Central)

1999 / 2000 edition
24= TRANSIRIANIC
phylozone
covers the "Transirianic" or "West-Central Trans-New Guinea"
grouping (part of the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis);
comprising 22 sets of languages (= 251 outer languages)
spoken by communities in Australasia, spread across New
Guinea from Bomberai Peninsula to Umboi Island:
24-A MOR 24-B BAHAM+ KARAS
24-C TANAMERAH+ MER 24-D WOLA+ UHUNDU
24-E DEM 24-F ILAGA+ KWERBA
24-G BUYAKA+ DEMTA 24-H KAYGIR+ ATOHWAIM
24-I OKABA+ YAQAY 24-J GOGODALA+ SUKI
24-K KAWENAK+ DUNA 24-L AUGU+ ENGA
24-M KALAM+ PINAI 24-N MEDLPA+ KUMAN
24-O ASARO+ FORE 24-P USARUFA+ TAIRORA
24-Q KENATI 24-R SIMBARI+ ANGATIHA
24-S NAHU+ URII 24-T TIMBE+ TOBO
24-U KATE+ MONGI 24-V KOVAI
24-A MOR set
24-AA MOR chain
24-AAA MOR net
24-AAA-a Mor Bomberai-N. peninsula: Bintuni bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
24-AAA-aa mor Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
24-B BAHAM+ KARAS set BOMBERAI-WEST Latin script
24-BA KARAS chain
24-BAA KARAS net
24-BAA-a Karas Bomberai-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-BAA-aa karas Karas island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-BB BAHAM+ IHA chain
24-BBA BAHAM+ IHA net
24-BBA-a Iha+ Kapaur Bomberai-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-BBA-aa iha Fakfak>N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-BBA-ab kapaur Fakfak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-BBA-b Baham Bomberai-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-BBA-ba baham Fakfak>SE. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-C TANAMERAH+ MER
set
Latin script
24-CA TANAMERAH chain
24-CAA TANAMERAH net
24-CAA-a Tanamerah Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-CAA-aa tanamerah sumeri, sumerine Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-CB MER+ MAIRASI chain
24-CBA MER+ MAIRASI net
24-CBA-a Mairasi-C. Bomberai peninsula: Aturasa valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-CBA-aa mairasi-aturasa Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-CBA-ab faranjao faranyao Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-CBA-ac kaniran Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-CBA-b Mairasi-E.* mairasi-NE. Bomberai peninsula: Urama valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-CBA-ba mairasi-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-CBA-c Mer Bomberai peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-CBA-ca mer muri, miere Wosimi+ Uremo headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-CBA-d Semimi Bomberai peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
24-CBA-da semimi Triton Etna bays Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-D WOLA+ UHUNDU set "wissel lakes"+ kemandoga Latin script
24-DA WOLA+ EKARI chain
24-DAA WOLA+ EKARI net
24-DAA-a Ekari+ Simori ekagi Enarotali Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-DAA-aa ekari ekagi, kapauku Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-DAA-aaa ekari-A. (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-aab mee-mana (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-aac tapiro (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-aad paniai (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-aae tigi (Irian Jaya)

24-DAA-ab simori Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-ac yabi jabi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-ad mapiya+ kegata Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-ada mapiya mapia (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-adb kegata (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-b Wola+ Mo Kemandoga Mbiyandogo valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-DAA-ba wola-ni wola, woda-ni, woda, woda-mo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-DAA-bb mo-ni Enarotali-E.: Dugindoga Hegenagi Kemandoga valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-DAA-bba mo-ni-A. mo (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-bbb miga-ni miga (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-bbc jonggu-nu jonggu, djonggu-nu (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-bc awembak awembiak, moni-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-DAA-c Auye Seriwo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-DAA-ca auye auwje Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-DB UHUNDU+ AMUNG
chain
DAMAL
24-DBA UHUNDU+ AMUNG
net
24-DBA-a Uhundu+ Amung damal Carstens mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-DBA-aa uhundu-ni uhundu, damal "proper", in [52] Nederlands: oehoendoe-ni Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-DBA-ab amung-me amung, amung-kal, amuy, hamung Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-DBA-ac enggipilu in [52] Nederlands: enggipiloe Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-E DEM set Latin script
24-EA DEM chain
24-EAA DEM net
24-EAA-a Dem Rouffaer upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-EAA-aa dem lem, ndem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-F ILAGA+ KWERBA set Latin script
24-FA ILAGA+ NDUGA
chain
GREAT-DANI, dani+ kwerba-S.
24-FAA WANO net
24-FAA-a Wano Rouffaer upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-FAA-aa wano
24-FAB ILAGA+ WAMENA
net
DANI
24-FAB-a Ilaga+ Yamo dani-W., dani-barat, ilaga-dani, lani, laany, oeringoep, timorini
Kemandoga-W. Baliem Grand Valley-E. valleys
24-FAB-aa 'pyramid'-dani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FAB-ab bokondini-dani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FAB-ac 'swart-valley'-dani Swart valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-FAB-ad balim-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FAB-ae yamo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FAB-af sinak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-FAB-ag ilaga Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-FAB-b Tulem "mid-grand-valley" dani, dani-tulem Baliem Grand Valley central
valleys
24-FAB-ba tulem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FAB-c Wamena "lower-grand-valley" dani, dani-wamena Bele Grand Valley lower
valley
24-FAB-ca dani-wodo wodo 2 Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAB-cb kimbin Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAB-cc 'upper'-bele Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAB-cd 'lower'-bele Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAB-ce aikhe "lower" aikhe Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAB-cf 'upper-pyramid' Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAB-cg hitigima dani-kurima, "lower-grand-valley" hitigima Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAB-d Hupla "beliem-gorge" Beliem-E. gorge Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-FAB-da hupla-A. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAB-db soba Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAC NGGEM+ WALAK net
24-FAC-a Nggem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
24-FAC-aa nggem Haflifoeri-C. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)

1999 / 2000 edition
24-FAC-b Walak Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAC-ba walak "lower" pyramid, wodo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
24-FAC-baa ilugwa Ilugwa (Irian Jaya)
24-FAC-bab wodo Wodo (Irian Jaya)
24-FAC-bac bugi Bugi (Irian Jaya)
24-FAC-bad mogon Mogonikik (Irian Jaya)
24-FAC-bae wurigelebut Wurigelebut (Irian Jaya)
24-FAD NDUGA+ NINIA net
24-FAD-a Nduga ndugwa, ndauwa, dauwa, dawa Trikora-SW. massif Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FAD-aa pesechem-nduga pesechem, pesecham, pesegem Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAD-ab sinak-nduga sinak- Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAD-ac hitadipa-nduga hitadipa- Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAD-b Silimo ngalik-S. Amo Kiniage valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-FAD-ba silimo-A. paiyage Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAD-bb samenage "lower" samenage Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FAD-c Ninia Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FAD-ca ninia yali, yaly, yali-ninia, ngalik-N., holowon Ninia-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FAD-d Angguruk Nalca>NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FAD-da angguruk yali 2, yaly 2, yali-angguruk, yali-mo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-FB KWERBA+ SASAWA
chain
24-FBA KWERBA+ SASAWA
net
24-FBA-a Airoran Apawar lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-aa airoran aeroran, adora, iriemkena Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-b Bagusa Rombebai-S. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-ba bagusa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-c Nopuk Kwerba Kasonaweja Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-ca nopuk nobuk Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-d Kauwerawec Kasonaweja>N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-da kauwerawec kauwerawetj Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-e Sasawa Apawar middle valley: Sasawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-ea sasawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FBA-f Kwerba+ Naibedj Tor+ Apawar upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-FBA-fa kwerba-A. kwerba "proper" Kwerba Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FBA-fb kaowerawedj kwerba-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FBA-fc airmati kwerba-NE. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-FBA-fd koassa kwerba-NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FBA-fe kamboi-ramboi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FBA-ff nogukwabai Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FBA-fg naibedj Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FBA-fh tekutameso Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FBA-fi serikenam Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FC SAMAROKENA+
MASEB chain
24-FCA SAMAROKENA+
MASEB net
24-FCA-a Samarokena+ Maseb Apawar-E. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-FCA-aa samarokena samarkena Samarkena Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FCA-ab karfasia Karfasia Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FCA-ac tamaya tamaja Tamaya Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FCA-ad maseb Maseb Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FD ISIRAWA chain
24-FDA ISIRAWA net
24-FDA-a Isirawa saweri, saberi, okwasar Sarmi-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-FDA-aa isirawa-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-FDA-ab isirawa-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-G BUYAKA+ DEMTA
set
Latin script
24-GA DEMTA+ MURIS
chain
24-GAA DEMTA+ MURIS net
24-GAA-a Demta+ Muris Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-GAA-aa demta Demta Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-GAA-ab muris Muris villages Indonesia (Irian Jaya)

24-GB TABLA chain
24-GBA TABLA net
24-GBA-a Tabla tanahmerah-E. Tanahmerah bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-GBA-aa yokari yakari, tabla-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-GBA-ab tepera tabi, tabla-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-GBA-ac tawona tabla-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-GBA-ad yewena+ yongsu Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-GC BUYAKA chain
24-GCA BUYAKA net
24-GCA-a Buyaka sentani Sentani lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-GCA-aa buyaka-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-GCA-ab buyaka-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-GCA-ac buyaka-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-GD NAFRI chain
24-GDA NAFRI net
24-GDA-a Nafri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-GDA-aa nafri Nafri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-H KAYGIR+
ATOHWAIM set
"WIDER"-KAYAGAR Latin script
24-HA KAYGIR+
ATOHWAIM chain
24-HAA ATOHWAIM net
24-HAA-a Atohwaim kaugat Cook Kronkel valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-HAA-aa atohwaim-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-HAA-ab atohwaim-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-HAB KAYGIR+
TAMAGARIO net
24-HAB-a Kaygir Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-HAB-aa kaygir kayagar "proper", kajagar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-HAB-b Tamagario buru, tamaraw, wagow Gondu Bapai valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-HAB-ba tamaraw tamario Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-HAB-bb buru Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-HAB-bc wagow Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-HAB-bd yogo Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-I OKABA+ YAQAY set Latin script
24-IA YAQAY+ WARKAY
chain
24-IAA WARKAY net
24-IAA-a Warkay-Bipim Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-IAA-aa warkay-bipim bipim-as-so, bipim Eilanden lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IAB YAQAY+ SOHUR net "wider" yaqay
24-IAB-a Yaqay+ Sohur Miwamn valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-IAB-aa yaqay yaqai, jakai, jaqai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-IAB-ab oba+ miwamn Oba Miwamn valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IAB-ac nambeomn+ mabur Nambeomn Mabur valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IAB-ad bapai yaqay-SW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IAB-ae 'lower'-mapi yaqay-SE. Mapi lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IAB-af sohur Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IB OKABA+ BOAZI
chain
"WIDER"-MARIND, bian, mbian
24-IBA OKABA+ MARIND
net
24-IBA-a Okaba+ Merauke "lower" bian, "lower" marind, marind-S., gawir, tugeri, in [52]
Nederlands: halifoersch Bian lower valley
24-IBA-aa bian-S. "lower" bian Bian lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IBA-ab atih Bian river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IBA-ac okaba "west-coast" marind Okaba Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IBA-ad merauke merauka, "east-coast" marind Merauke town Merauke lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IBA-ae kumbe Kumbe valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-IBA-b Marind-N. Bian upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
24-IBA-ba marind-N. "upper" marind, "upper" bian; in [52] Nederlands: boven-mbian Indonesia (Irian Jaya)

1999 / 2000 edition
24-IC BOAZI+ ZIMAKANI
chain
24-ICA BOAZI+ ZIMAKANI
net
24-ICA-a Boazi+ Kuni boadji, bwadji, mbagu Murray lake Papua New Guinea (Western);
extinct in Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
formerly
3
24-ICA-aa boazi-N. Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-ICA-ab boazi-S. Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-ICA-ac kuni Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-ICA-b Zimakani+ Bagwa Murray-S. lake Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-ICA-ba zimakani zimakani "proper" Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-ICA-bb bagwa begua, baegwa, bagwa-zimakani Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-ICA-bc dea Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-J GOGODALA+ SUKI
set
24-JA SUKI chain
24-JAA SUKI net
24-JAA-a Suki Fly valley: Paewa upstream Suki valley+ lake Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-JAA-aa suki wiram Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-JB GOGODALA+
WARUNA chain
24-JBA WARUNA net
24-JBA-a Waruna Fly left-bank: Paewa Aramia valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-JBA-aa waruna Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-JBB ARI net
24-JBB-a Ari Aramia+ Soari confluence Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-JBB-aa ari Ari Serea Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-JBB-aaa ari-A. Ari (Western)
24-JBB-aab serea Serea (Western)
24-JBC GOGODALA+ ADIBA
net
24-JBC-a Gogodala+ Adiba Papua New Guinea (Western) 4
24-JBC-aa gogodala gogodara Fly left-bank: Wariama Aramia valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 4
24-JBC-ab adiba Adiba Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-K KAWENAK+ DUNA
set
"new-guinea"-C.& S. Latin script
24-KA KAWENAK+
BURUWAI chain
24-KAA BURUWAI+ IRIA net
24-KAA-a Buruwai asianara, asienara, karufa, madidwana, sabakor Bomberai
peninsula: Kamrau-SW. bay
24-KAA-aa buruwai-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAA-ab buruwai-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAA-b Iria kamrau, kamberau Bomberai peninsula: Kamrau bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-KAA-ba iria-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAA-bb iria-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAA-bc iria-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB KAWENAK+
KAMORO* net
asmat+ kamoro; including asmat (-c to h)
24-KAB-a Kamoro+ Yamur lakahia, nagramadu Etna bay Mukamuga valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KAB-aa oba Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ab umari kamoro-W. Umari Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ac tarya Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ad kamoro-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ada kaokonau kokenau Kokenau (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-adb mimika mimike Mimika (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ae kamura kamora Kamura upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-af yamur Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ag wania Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ah wania-N. Wania upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ai mukamuga mukumuga Mukamuga valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-aj nefarpi neferipi, nafarpi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-b Sempan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KAB-ba sempan-A. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-bb nararapi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)

24-KAB-c Tiemaro* asmat-N., keenok Tiemaro, Torpedoboot valley Unir valley
Paterie Cocq headwaters
24-KAB-ca 'upper'-tiemaro Tiemaro upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-cb 'lower'-tiemaro Tiemaro lower Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-d Kawenak+ Sokoni asmat-C., manowee, jas, yas Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-KAB-da kawenak "coastal" asmat-C. Agats #similarity of name between Kawenak and
Kaweinag (Matia+ Sapan below) to be investigated
24-KAB-daa kainak (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-dab bismam mismam (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-dac simay simai (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-dad betchamup mecemup (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-db keenok "northwest interior" asmat-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-dba erma (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-dbb manep (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-dc keenakap "mid-interior" asmat-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-dd sokoni "southeast interior" asmat-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-de sirow Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-df ayam ajam Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-dg angadi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-dh kajakaja Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-e Tamnim+ Wowi tamnim-asmat Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
24-KAB-ea tamnim Tamnim Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-eb epem Epem Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ec zinak Zinak Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ed wowi Wowi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-f Senngo+ Vakam citak-asmat, cicak, tjitak, tjitjak, kaunak Wildman Sirac lower
valleys
24-KAB-fa senggo Senggo Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-fb komasma Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-fc jinak Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-fd bubis Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-fe esaun Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-ff pirabanak Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-fg vakam Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KAB-g Matia+ Sapan "casuarina-coast" asmat, kaweinag Casuarina coast: Ewta Kuti
rivers # similarity of name between Kaweinag and Kawenak
(Kawenak+ Sokoni above) to be investigated
24-KAB-ga matia batia Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KAB-gb sapan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KAB-h Yaosakor yaosakor+ asmat south coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KAB-ha yaosakor Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KB SOMAHAI chain
24-KBA SOMAHAI net
24-KBA-a Somahai Silimo>S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KBA-aa momuna somahai, somage, sumohai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KC MOMBUM+
KONERAW chain
24-KCA MOMBUM net
24-KCA-a Mombum Komoron island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-KCA-aa mombum kemelom Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-KCB KONERAW net
24-KCB-a Koneraw Kolopom-S., Frederik-Hendrik-S. island coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-KCB-aa koneraw Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-KD AWYU+ SAWI chain
24-KDA SAWI net
24-KDA-a Sawi Ayip Fayit Kronkel valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDA-aa sawi sawuy, aejauroh Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDA-aaa sawi-N. Ayip Fayit valleys (Irian Jaya)
24-KDA-aab sawi-S. Kronkel valley (Irian Jaya)
24-KDB AWYU+ AIRO* net
24-KDB-a Airo+ Sumagaxe airo+ sumaghaghe Kampung, Kampong upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-aa airo+ sumagaxe-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDB-ab airo+ sumagaxe-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDB-ac airo+ sumagaxe-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)

1999 / 2000 edition
24-KDB-b Pisa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-ba kampung Kampung middle, Kampong middle valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-bb 'wildeman' Wildeman middle valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-c Korowai+ Kaeme* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-ca korowai Senggo-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-cb kaeme Kaeme upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-KDB-d Siagha+ Yenimu oser, "lower" digul, in [52] Nederlands: onder-digoel Digul lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-da yenimu jenimu Bade-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-db siagha syiagha, sjiagha, sijagha Bade-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-e Mapi* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-ea mapi Mapi upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-f Ederah* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-KDB-fa ederah Ederah+ Digul confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
24-KDB-g Kia-W.* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-ga kia-W. Kiagha+ Uwimmerah confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-h Awyu aghu, auyu, awya, awju, ajau Digul middle valley: Gatentiri upstream Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-ha dyair djair Digul middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDB-hb yair Digul middle right-bank: Kombai>S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDB-hc nohon Digul middle right-bank: Tanamerah>W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDB-hd miaro Digul middle right-bank: Tanamerah>W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDB-he avio Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDB-i Digul* Digul upper river-basin Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-ia digul "upper" digul, in [52] Nederlands: boven-digoel Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-j Kotogt+
Tsokwambo*
Digul upper river Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDB-ja kotogt-A. kotogut "proper" Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDB-jb tsokwambo Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDC WANGGOM+ KAETI
net
24-KDC-a Wanggom Digul upper left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDC-aa wanggom dumut, wanggo, wangom Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDC-b Kaeti+ Wambon including nub Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
24-KDC-ba wambon-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDC-bb wambon-S. Mindiptanah-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDC-bc rungwayap kaeti-N. Tanahmerah-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDC-bd kambon kaeti-C. Digul middle valley Uwimmerah+ Muyu confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KDC-be kaeti-S. uwimmerah+ digul Digul middle confluence downstream
Uwimmerah confluence upstream
24-KDC-bf mandobo mandobbo Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KDC-bg kaeti-SE. kwem Fly left-bank: Kwem+ Maporoan Papua New Guinea 4
24-KE NGALUM+
YONGGOM chain
OK
24-KEA YONGGOM+
NINGGERUM net
LOWLAND-OK, muyu
24-KEA-a Metomka+ Kowan kati-S., kati-metomka, muyu-S., muju-S., Muyu lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KEA-aa metomka Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KEA-ab kowan Kao valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KEA-b Yonggom Fly lower valley Papua New Guinea (Western);
4
24-KEA-ba yonggom yongom, yongkom (Irian Jaya); (Western)
24-KEA-c Niinati+ Tumutu kati-N., kati-ninati, kati-ninanti, muyu-N., muju-N. Muyu upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacent
Papua New Guinea
3
24-KEA-ca niinati ninatie Ninati Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KEA-cb kanggewot Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KEA-cc tumutu are, in [52] Nederlands: toemoetoe Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KEA-cd sibil Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KEA-d Iwur Iwur valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
24-KEA-da iwur in [52] Nederlands: iwoer Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
24-KEA-e Ninggerum+ Tedi ninggrum, ninggirum, ningerum, muyu, in [52] Nederlands: moejoe,
moeyoe Ok-Girim Ok-Tedi valleys
Papua New Guinea (Western);
Indonesia (Irian Jaya) adjacent
3
24-KEA-ea ninggerum ninggerum "proper" Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KEA-eb kasuwa kasiwa Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KEA-ec daupka Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KEA-ed kativa Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KEA-ee obgwo Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KEA-ef tedi tidi Papua New Guinea (Western)

24-KEB NGALUM+ SELTA
net
HIGHLAND-OK
24-KEB-a Kauwol Kauwol upper valley: Daijurbit+ Benkwin Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua
New Guinea
2
24-KEB-aa kauwol kawol, kavwol Kauwol upper valley: Daijurbit+ Benkwin Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua
New Guinea (Western);
(Sandaun) adjacent
2
24-KEB-b Tifal+ Atbal Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
24-KEB-ba tifal-min tifal "proper" Tifalmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
24-KEB-bb busil-min busil Busilmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
24-KEB-bc wopkei-min Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
24-KEB-bd atbal-min atbal, "lower" atbalmin, asbal-min Atbalmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
24-KEB-c Urap Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
24-KEB-ca urap-min urap Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
24-KEB-d Faiwol+ Unkia Fly+ Palmer headwaters: Olsobip Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-KEB-da faiwol-min faiwol, fegol-min Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KEB-db unkia Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KEB-e Bi+ Kwei Victor Emanuel mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;
Western)
3
24-KEB-ea bi-min bi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
24-KEB-eb kwei-min kwei Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KEB-f Selta Seltamin Papua New Guinea (Western;
Sandaun)
3
24-KEB-fa selta-min seta, seta-man Seltamin Papua New Guinea (Western;
Sandaun)
3
24-KEB-g Telefol+ Fera Thurnwald-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (Western;
Sandaun)
3
24-KEB-ga fera-min Feramin Papua New Guinea (Western;
Sandaun)
24-KEB-gb telefol-min telefol, telefo-min, teleefool Telefol-min Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
24-KEB-h Mian+ Usage mian-min-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;
East Sepik)
3
24-KEB-ha mian-min mian Upper May valley Papua New Guinea
24-KEB-hb august-min august August upper valley: Mianmin downstream Papua New Guinea
24-KEB-hc usage Papua New Guinea
24-KEB-i Suganga Wagarabai valley: Suganga Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
24-KEB-ia suganga mian-min-N., wagarabai Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
24-KEB-j Ngalum+ Apmi Ok Sibil Ok Tsop valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacent
Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
4
24-KEB-ja apmi-sibil ngalum-N. Ok Sibil valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) and/or
24-KEB-jb ngalum-C. ngalum "proper" Ok Tsop valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) and/or
24-KEB-jc ngalum-S. sibil 2 Ok Sibil valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) and/or
24-KF AWIN+ KAMULA
chain
24-KFA AWIN+ PA net
24-KFA-a Awin aiwin, akium, aekyom Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-KFA-aa awin-N. Wai-Rim Wai Pinyang valleys Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KFA-ab awin-S. Fly upper valley: Kiunga upstream Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KFA-ac awin-E. Wai Keto Surprise valleys Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KFA-b Pare Kaim river-basin Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-KFA-ba pare pa, akium-pare Kaim river-basin Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-KFB KAMULA net
24-KFB-a Kamula Wawoi upper valley: Keseki>S. Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KFB-aa kamula kamura, wawoi Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KG KALAMO+ AGALA
chain
STRICKLAND-EAST
24-KGA KALAMO net samo+ kubo, daba, supai, supei-kubor, nomad Nomad Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KGA-a Kalamo Rentoul middle left-bank Tomu middle valley displaced to Wawoi
falls
24-KGA-aa bibo Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KGA-ab honibo Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KGA-ac samo Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KGA-ad kubo kubor Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-KGA-ae oiba Papua New Guinea (Western) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
24-KGB KONAI net Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KGB-a Konai Murray valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KGB-aa konai mirap-min Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KGC AGALA net Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KGC-a Agala Liddle valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KGC-aa agala sinale Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KH DUNA+ POGAYA
chain
24-KHA POGAYA+ DUNA net
24-KHA-a Pogaya Muller mountains Papua New Guinea (Western;
Southern Highlands)
2
24-KHA-aa pogaya bogaya, bogaia Muller mountains Papua New Guinea (Western;
Southern Highlands)
2
24-KHA-b Duna Tumbudu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands; & adjacent Western;
East Sepik)
4
24-KHA-ba duna yuna Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands; Western; East Sepik)
4
24-KI BEAMI+ ETORO*
chain
BOSAVI
24-KIA BEAMI+ KOMOFIO
net
24-KIA-a Beami+ Komofio bedamini, bedamuni, mougulu Nomad-E. Papua New Guinea (Western) 3
24-KIA-aa beami-N. Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KIA-ab komofio Papua New Guinea (Western)
24-KIB ETORO net
24-KIB-a Etoro Sisa-SW. mountain Papua New Guinea (Western;
Southern Highlands)
2
24-KIB-aa etoro edolo, edolo-ado Papua New Guinea (Western;
Southern Highlands)
2
24-KIC BAINAPI net
24-KIC-a Bainapi Balimo Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KIC-aa bainapi pikiwa, dibiasu, turumasa Makapa Pikiwa Bamustu Papua New Guinea (Western) 2
24-KID ONABASULU net
24-KID-a Onabasulu Bosavi>N. Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
2
24-KID-aa onabasulu onobasulu Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
2
24-KIE SONIA net
24-KIE-a Sonia Bosavi-W. Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands; Western)
2
24-KIE-aa sonia Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands; Western)
2
24-KIF TOMU net
24-KIF-a Tomu Tomu valley Papua New Guinea (Western;
Southern Highlands)
2
24-KIF-aa tomu Papua New Guinea (Western;
Southern Highlands)
2
24-KIG KWARE+ AIMELE net
24-KIG-a Kware+ Aimele Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands; Western)
2
24-KIG-aa kware Bosavi-SW. mountain: Simo Campbell lake; displaced to Wawoi
Falls
Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands; Western)
2
24-KIG-ab aimele Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands; Western)
2
24-KIH KALULI net
24-KIH-a Kaluli Bosavi-NW. mountain Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
3
24-KIH-aa kaluli bosavi Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
3
24-KII KASUA net
24-KII-a Kasua Bosavi-E. mountain Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
3
24-KII-aa kasua Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
3

24-KJ FASU+ SOME chain "kutubuan-W."
24-KJA FASU+ SOME net
24-KJA-a Fasu+ Some Bosuvi-SE. mountain Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
3
24-KJA-aa namome namumi, namuni Bosuvi-SE. mountain Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
2
24-KJA-ab fasu fasu "proper" Hegigo+ Digimu upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
2
24-KJA-ac some Hegigo lower valley: Tama Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands; Gulf)
2
24-KJA-ad kaibu kaipu Papua New Guinea
24-L AUGU+ ENGA set wiru+ part of "new guinea highlands"-E. grouping Latin script
24-LA WIRU chain
24-LAA WIRU net
24-LAA-a Wiru Poru valley: Panga Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LAA-aa wiru witu Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LB AUGU+ KEWA chain
24-LBA SAMBERIGI net
24-LBA-a Samberigi 3
24-LBA-aa samberigi sau 2, sanaberigi Sau Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
3
24-LBB KEWA net
24-LBB-a Kewa-S. Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
3
24-LBB-aa kewa-SE. Erave>E. Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LBB-ab pole kewa-SW. Erave Tiribi Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LBB-b Kewa-E. Ialibu Kagua Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LBB-ba kewa-E. Ialibu Kagua Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LBB-c Kewa-W. Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LBB-ca pasuma kewa-CW. Kandoba Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LBB-cb kewa-NW. Mendi valley: Mendi downstream Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LBC AUGU+ MENDI net ANGAL, "wider" mendi
24-LBC-a Nembi-S.+ Megi angal-S., angal-enen-S., angal-heneng-S., mendi-S. Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LBC-aa nembi-S. Nembi plateau+ valley distinct from [24] Nembi-W. Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LBC-ab megi Megi Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LBC-b Augu+ Waola angal-W., angal-enen-W., angal-heneng-W., mendi-W. Wage
Nembi Lai valleys
Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LBC-ba augu Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LBC-bb nipa Nipa Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LBC-bc waola wala Kuianda Tumbi Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LBC-c Mendi Mendi Lai valleys: Mendi upstream Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LBC-ca mendi mendi "proper", mendi-N., angal-enen-N., angal-heneng-N., 'angal-E.' Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LC HULI chain
24-LCA HULI net
24-LCA-a Huli Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-LCA-aa huli huli-hulidana, huri Doma mountains Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands; Enga adjacent)
4
24-LCA-aaa tari Gigio+ Tagari+ Benari river-basin: Tari Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
24-LCA-aab magarima Waga river-basin: Magarima Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)

1999 / 2000 edition
24-LD ENGA+ LEMBENA
chain
24-LDA ENGA+ IPILI net
24-LDA-a Katinja Rumbiplaya Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3*
24-LDA-aa katinja Papua New Guinea (Enga)
24-LDA-b Enga caga, tsaga, tchaga, mae Papua New Guinea (Enga;
Western Highlands adjacent)
5
24-LDA-ba kandepe enga-SW. Kandep Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4
24-LDA-bb laiagam enga-W. Laiagam Papua New Guinea (Enga)
24-LDA-bc tayato enga-NW. Lagaip middle valley: Tumundan Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4
24-LDA-bd maramuni enga-N., malamuni Maramuni Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3
24-LDA-be yandapo enga-CW. Keplam Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4
24-LDA-bf mae enga-CN., mai, wabag Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4
24-LDA-bg kaina enga-C., wabag 2 Wabag Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4
24-LDA-bh layapo enga-SE. Lai valley: Wabag downstream Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4
24-LDA-bi sau-enga enga-NE. Sali valley: Lapalama upstream Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4
24-LDA-bia sau (Enga)
24-LDA-bib lapalama 2 dialects (Enga)
24-LDA-bic sari (Enga)
24-LDA-bj kapona enga-CE., kopona Pawari Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3
24-LDA-bk kyaka enga-E., enga-kyaka Papua New Guinea (Enga;
Western Highlands)
24-LDA-bka kyaka-W. Lumuso (Enga)
24-LDA-bkb baiyer kyaka-E. Baiyer-River town+ valley (Western Highlands)
24-LDA-c Ipili Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3
24-LDA-ca tipinini ipili-E. Porgera Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3
24-LDA-cb ipili-W. ipili "proper", ipili-paiela, ipili-payala Paiela Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3
24-LDA-d Nete Yondolya-N. Papua New Guinea (Enga; East
Sepik)
2
24-LDA-da nete "pseudo" iniai Papua New Guinea (Enga; East
Sepik adjacent)
2
24-LDA-e Bisorio+ Iniai Karawari Wagupmeri Korosameri headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
24-LDA-ea pikaru-E. bikaru-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
24-LDA-eb bisorio Bisorio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
24-LDA-ec gadio Gadio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
24-LDA-ed iniai inyai Iniai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
24-LDB LEMBENA+ YARIBA
net
24-LDB-a Lembena+ Yariba Manuak Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3
24-LDB-aa lembena Papua New Guinea (Enga)
24-LDB-ab yariba Papua New Guinea (Enga)
24-LDB-ac maibi Papua New Guinea (Enga)
24-M KALAM+ PINAI set Latin script
24-MA KALAM+ TAI chain
24-MAA KALAM+ KOBON net
24-MAA-a Kobon Kairink valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-MAA-aa kobon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-MAA-b Kalam Simbai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 4
24-MAA-ba kalam aforo, karam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 4
24-MAB TAI* net
24-MAB-a Tai Dundrom Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-MAB-aa tai tay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-MB GANTS* chain
24-MBA GANTS net
24-MBA-a Gants Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-MBA-aa gants gaj Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-MC HARUAI* chain piawi-waibuk substratum influence from [25] Ramu
24-MCA HARUAI net
24-MCA-a Haruai harway, waibuk, wiyaw, wiyau, wovan, taman Schrader Range
mountains: Sanggapi valley
24-MCA-aa hamil waibuk-N. Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-MCA-ab mambar waibuk-C. Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-MCA-ac arama waibuk-S. Papua New Guinea (Madang)

24-MD PINAI+ WAPI* chain piawi-aramo substratum influence from 25-Ramu
24-MDA PINAI+ WAPI net
24-MDA-a Hagahai Yuat upper valley Schrader Range mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-MDA-aa hagahai aramo, aramaue Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-MDA-b Pinai Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands; Madang)
3
24-MDA-ba pinai pinaye Yuat upper valley Schrader Range mountains: Gai
confluence upstream
Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands; Madang adjacent)
3
24-MDA-baa nangenuwetan Papua New Guinea
24-MDA-bab pinai-A. pinai "proper" comprising 2 dialects Papua New Guinea
24-MDA-c Wapi Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3
24-MDA-ca wapi Yuat upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3
24-MDA-d Erem* Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
24-MDA-da erem Yuat valley: Maranui confluence Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
24-N MEDLPA+ KUMAN
set
part of "new guinea highlands"-E. grouping Latin script
24-NA MEDLPA+ UMBU-
UNGU chain
hagen
24-NAA MEDLPA+ UMBU-
UNGU net
24-NAA-a Medlpa+ Tembagla Mount-Hagen mountain+ town Jimi valley Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands)
5
24-NAA-aa medlpa melpa, hagen Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands)
24-NAA-ab tembagla Papua New Guinea
24-NAA-b Umbu-Ungu ubu-ugu, mbo-ung, bo-ung, imbo-ungu, imb-ongu, ibo-ugu, im-bonggo
Mount-Hagen mountain+ town Ankura upper valley
Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands; Southern Highlands)
4
24-NAA-ba kaugel kauil, gawigl, gawil, kakoli Papua New Guinea 4
24-NAA-bb kala mendo-kala Papua New Guinea 3
24-NAA-bc penge no-penge Papua New Guinea 3
24-NAA-bd andelale Papua New Guinea 3
24-NAA-be tembogia tetalo, tembalo Papua New Guinea 3
24-NAA-bf miyemu miyem Papua New Guinea 3
24-NAA-bg mara-gomu Papua New Guinea
24-NAA-bh ialibu-awa awa 2, aua Ialibu Papua New Guinea (Southern
Highlands)
4
24-NB MARING+ NARAK
chain
JIMI
24-NBA MARING+ KAMBEGI
net
24-NBA-a Maring+ Kambegi mareng, yoadabe+ watoare Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands; Madang adjacent)
3
24-NBA-aa maring-C. Papua New Guinea
24-NBA-ab maring-E. Papua New Guinea
24-NBA-ac timbunki Papua New Guinea
24-NBA-ad tsuwenki Papua New Guinea
24-NBA-ae karamba Papua New Guinea
24-NBA-af kambegl Papua New Guinea
24-NBB NARAK+ KANDAWO
net
24-NBB-a Narak+ Kandawo Jimi headwaters Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands)
3
24-NBB-aa narak Tabibuga Post Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands)
3
24-NBB-ab kandawo gandja, ganja, kajawo Yawaramon Monggum Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands)
3
24-NC KUMAN+ CHUAVE
chain
24-NCA KUMAI+ NII net
24-NCA-a Nii Tuman valley Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands)
3
24-NCA-aa ek-nii ni Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands)
3
24-NCA-b Nembi-W. distinct from [24] Nembi-S. Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands)
4
24-NCA-ba nembi-W. Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands)
4

1999 / 2000 edition
24-NCA-c Kumai+ Kunjip WAHGI Wahgi middle valley Papua New Guinea (Western
Highlands; Simbu adjacent)
4
24-NCA-ca banz+ nondugl Banz Nondugl Papua New Guinea
24-NCA-cb pukamigl+ andegabu Papua New Guinea
24-NCA-cc kunjip Papua New Guinea
24-NCA-cd kambia Papua New Guinea
24-NCA-ce kumai "mid"-wahgi, wahgi-C., kup+ minj Minj Papua New Guinea
24-NCA-cf wahgi-N. Kol Papua New Guinea
24-NCB KUMAN+ DOM net CHIMBU
24-NCB-a Kuman Chimbu+ Wahgi middle valleys: Kundiawa Papua New Guinea (Simbu;
Western Highlands adjacent)
4
24-NCB-aa kuman chimbu Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4
24-NCB-b Era Kubor-E. mountain Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
24-NCB-ba era Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
24-NCB-c Nagane Chimbu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
24-NCB-ca nagane genagane, genogani; inaugl community male idiom of 2 clans Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
24-NCB-d Dom Chimbu+ Wahigi confluence Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4
24-NCB-da dom Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4
24-NCB-e Golin+ Marigl Oima valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4
24-NCB-ea yuri distinct from [25] Yuri Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCB-eb kia-E. kiari-NW. Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCB-eba kia-NE. (Simbu)
24-NCB-ebb kia-SE. (Simbu)
24-NCB-ec golin gollum, gumine Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCB-ed keri Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCB-ee marigl Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCB-f Sinasina Sinasina Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4
24-NCB-fa tabare Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCB-fb guna Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCB-g Salt-Yui Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
24-NCB-ga salt-yui salt, salt-iui, yui, iui Kilau Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
24-NCB-h Nondiri Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3*
24-NCB-ha nondiri
24-NCC NOMANE net
24-NCC-a Nomane Nomane Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
24-NCC-aa nomane-W. Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCC-ab nomane-E. kiari-SE. Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCD CHUAVE+ SUA net
24-NCD-a Chuave+ Sua Chuave Sua Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4
24-NCD-aa chuave tjuave Chuave Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCD-ab elimbari Mai left-bank Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCD-ac gomia Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCD-ad kebai Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-NCD-ae sua Sua Papua New Guinea (Simbu)
24-O ASARO+ FORE set part of "new guinea highlands"-E. grouping Latin script
24-OA GENDE chain
24-OAA GENDE net
24-OAA-a Gende Inbrum valley: Bundi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-OAA-aa gende bundi, gene, gendeka Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-OB ASARO+ BENABENA
chain
24-OBA ASARO+ ALEKANO
net
24-OBA-a Asaro Asaro upper valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-OBA-aa dano asaro "proper", "upper" asaro Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-OBA-ab lunube-mado Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-OBA-ac bohena Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-OBA-ad amaizuho Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-OBA-ae kongi Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)

24-OBA-b Alekano Goroka Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-OBA-ba alekano gahuku, gafuku Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-OBA-c Tokano+ Zuhuzuho gamuso, yufiyufa, zaka Asaro valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-OBA-ca tokano tokama Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-OBA-cb lower-asaro Asaro lower valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-OBA-cc zuhuzuho zuhozuho Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-OBB BENABENA net
24-OBB-a Benabena Benabena Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-OBB-aa benabena bena Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-OC SIANE+HAKOA chain
24-OCA SIANE+ HAKOA net
24-OCA-a Siane siani Watabung Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands; Simbu)
4
24-OCA-aa koreipa Papua New Guinea
24-OCA-ab lambau Papua New Guinea
24-OCA-ac komonggu komogu, komunku Papua New Guinea
24-OCA-ad ono-W. Papua New Guinea
24-OCA-b Hakoa Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
24-OCA-ba hakoa Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3
24-OCA-c Yaweyuha Yabiyufa Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-OCA-ca yaweyuha yabiyufa, yawiyuha Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-OD YAGARIA+ KAMANO
chain
24-ODA YAGARIA+ KAMANO
net
24-ODA-a Yagaria+ Kamano Dunantina valley Haga Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-ODA-aa yagaria kami Orlowat+ Dunantina-S. confluence Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-ODA-aaa kami-kulaka (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-aab move (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-aac gotomi (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-aad ologuti (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-aae dagenava (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-aaf kamate (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-aag hira (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-aah huva (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-ab inoke+ yate Yate+ Haga Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-ODA-aba yate (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-abb inoke (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-ac keyagana keigana, keiagana, ke'yagana Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-ODA-ad kanite Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-ODA-ae kamano kamano+ kafe Henganofi Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-ODA-aea kamano-A. (Eastern Highlands)
24-ODA-aeb kafe (Eastern Highlands)
24-OE ABAGA* chain substratum influence from [24] Finisterre
24-OEA ABAGA net
24-OEA-a Abaga Kisi Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
2
24-OEA-aa abaga Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
2

1999 / 2000 edition
24-OF GIMI chain
24-OFA GIMI net
24-OFA-a Gimi Raro Misapi>N. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
4
24-OFA-aa gimi-W. Raro Papua New Guinea (Eastern
24-OFA-ab gimi-E. gouno Misapi>N. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
24-OG FORE+ PAMUSA
chain
24-OGA FORE+ PAMUSA net
24-OGA-a Fore+ Pamusa Okapa district Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-OGA-aa pamusa fore-S. Takari Ketabi Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-OGA-ab fore-N. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-OGA-aba fore-C. (Eastern Highlands)
24-OGA-abb fore-NE. Okapa+ Okasa (Eastern Highlands)
24-P USARUFA+
TAIRORA set
part of "new guinea highlands"-E. grouping Latin script
24-PA USARUFA+ GADSUP
chain
24-PAA AWA net
24-PAA-a Awa mobuta Yakai Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-PAA-aa tauna awa-NW. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PAA-ab ilakia awa-W. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PAA-ac awa-S. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PAA-ad awa-NE. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PAB USARUFA+
AWIYAANA net
24-PAB-a Awiyaana Babara'I>W. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-PAB-aa awiyaana-A. auyana Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-PAB-ab kosena Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-PAB-b Usarufa Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-PAB-ba usarufa usurufa, uturupa Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-PAC GADSUP+ AGARABI
net
24-PAC-a Gadsup+ Ontena gadsup Omaura Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-PAC-aa gadsup Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PAC-ab oyana Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PAC-ac ontena Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PAC-b Agarabi Ramu valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-PAC-ba agarabi agarabe Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-PAC-c Kambaira* Kainantu district -plurilingual in [24] Gadsup & [24] Binumarien
classification to be confirmed
Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-PAC-ca kambaira Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-PB TAIRORA+ WAFFA
chain
24-PBA TAIRORA+
BINUMARIEN net
24-PBA-a Binumarien Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
2
24-PBA-aa binumarien binumaria, binamarir Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
2

24-PBA-b Tairora+ Arua Kainantu district, including Lamari valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
4
24-PBA-ba arua Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PBA-bb obura Obura Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PBA-bc suwaira Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PBA-bd tairora-N. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-PBA-be tairora-C. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PBA-bf tairora-S. Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PBA-bg pinata Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-PBA-bh omwunra-toqura Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-PBB WAFFA net
24-PBB-a Waffa Waffa headwaters Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-PBB-aa waffa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-PC OWENA chain
24-PCA OWENA net
24-PCA-a Owena Lamari middle valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
2
24-PCA-aa owena owenia, owenda, waijara, waisara Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
2
24-Q KENATI set
24-QA KENATI chain
24-QAA KENATI net
24-QAA-a Kenati Wonenara Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
2
24-QAA-aa kenati kenathi, ganati, aziana Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
2
24-R SIMBARI+
ANGATIHA set
ANGAN Latin script
24-RA SIMBARI+ HAMTAI
chain
24-RAA SIMBARI+ BARUYA
net
24-RAA-a Simbari Puruya Kupinga Ipmaiyaiga valleys Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-RAA-aa simbari chimbari Simbari Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands); (Simbu)
3
24-RAA-b Baruya+ Gulicha Kratka Range-E. mountains: Amdei+ Wonenara Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
3
24-RAA-ba wantakia Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-RAA-bb baruya barua Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-RAA-bc gulicha Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-RAA-bd usirampia Papua New Guinea (Eastern
Highlands)
24-RAB AMPEELI+
WOJOKESO net
24-RAB-a Ampeeli ampele, ambari, safeyoka Kratka Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-RAB-aa simiso Umba>SE. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-RAB-ab yayoponjo Umba>S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-RAB-ac folimaso Umba>N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-RAB-ad aiewomba Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-RAB-b Wojokeso Kratka Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-RAB-ba wojokeso wajakes Waffa upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-RAC YAGWOIA net Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-RAC-a Yagwoia kokwaiyakwa, yeghuye Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-RAC-aa yagwoia kokwaiyakwa, yeghuye Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-RAD KAWACHA net kawatsa
24-RAD-a Kawacha kawatsa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1
24-RAD-aa kawacha kawatsa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1

1999 / 2000 edition
24-RAE KAMASA net
24-RAE-a Kamasa Kanogogei Wapiakamaga Katsiong Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1
24-RAE-aa kamasa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1
24-RAF ANKAVE net
24-RAF-a Ankave angave M'Bwei Swanson valleys Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
24-RAF-aa sawuve Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
24-RAF-ab wiyagwa Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
24-RAF-ac wunavai Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
24-RAF-ad miyatnu Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
24-RAF-ae ankai Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
24-RAF-af bu'u Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
24-RAG TAINAE+ ANGOYA
net
ivori+ lohiki
24-RAG-a Tainae Ivori valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
24-RAG-aa tainae ivori Pio+ Famba+ Paiguna Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
24-RAG-b Angoya Lohiki valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
24-RAG-ba angoya lohiki, akoinkake, akoye, obi, mai-hea-ri, maihiri Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
24-RAH HAMTAI+ MENYA net
24-RAH-a Hamtai+ Wenta kapau, kamea, watut, 'kukukuku' Tauri middle Olipai+ Indiwi river-
basins
Papua New Guinea (Gulf);
(Morobe)
4
24-RAH-aa wenta Papua New Guinea
24-RAH-ab howi Papua New Guinea
24-RAH-ac pmasa'a Papua New Guinea
24-RAH-ad hamtai hamde, hamday Papua New Guinea
24-RAH-ae kaintiba Papua New Guinea
24-RAH-b Menya Tauri upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Morobe);
(Gulf)
4
24-RAH-ba menya menye, menyama Menyamya Papua New Guinea (Morobe);
(Gulf) adjacent
4
24-RB ANGATIHA chain
24-RBA ANGATIHA net
24-RBA-a Angatiha Upper Watut valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-RBA-aa angaatiha langimar, angaataha, angatiha, angataha, angaatiya Pararoa
downstream
Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-S NAHU+ URII set FINISTERRE Latin script
24-SA NAHU+ NGAING
chain
gusap+ mot
24-SAA UFIM net
24-SAA-a Ufim Umi Ufim valleys Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SAA-aa ufim Lankuam Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SAB NAHU+ RAWA net
24-SAB-a Nahu naho, nabu Abilala mountain Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SAB-aa nahu-SW. Abilala-SW. mountain: Gusap valley Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SAB-ab nahu-NE. Abilala-NE. mountain: Mot valley Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SAB-b Rawa raua, erawa, erewa, karo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SAB-ba rawa-E. +transition to [24] Nahu Bagonda Ramba Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SAB-bb rawa-S. Tauta Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SAB-bc rawa-N. Baubo Yungendam Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SAC NGAING+ NEKGINI
net
24-SAC-a Nekgini Mot lower left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SAC-aa nekgini Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SAC-b Neko Beliau-W. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2*
24-SAC-ba neko Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SAC-c Ngaing Yori-S. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SAC-ca ngaing sor, mailang Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SAD GIRA net
24-SAD-a Gira Saidor-W. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SAD-aa gira Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2

24-SB DAHATING+
MORAFA chain
24-SBA DAHATING net
24-SBA-a Dahating Saidor>S. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SBA-aa gwahatike gwatike Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SBA-ab gwahamere Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SBA-ac gora Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SBA-ad gwapti Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SBB MORAFA+ FORAK
net
WARUP
24-SBB-a Bulgebi Saidor>SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
24-SBB-aa bulgebi Bulgebi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
24-SBB-b Guiarak Guiarak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-ba guiarak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-c Morafa Bagen Subura Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-ca morafa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-d Forak Seure>W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-da forak Mamgak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-e Degenan Seure Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-ea degenan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-f Yagomi Seure>SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-fa yagomi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SBB-g Asat Saidor>SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
24-SBB-ga asat Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1
24-SC YUPNA+ NANKINA
chain
24-SCA NANKINA+ MEBU net
24-SCA-a Mebu Nankina middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SCA-aa mebu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SCA-b Nankina Nankina upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SCA-ba nankina Tariknan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SCB YUPNA+ DOMUNG
net
24-SCB-a Gabutamon Gabutamon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SCB-aa gabutamon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SCB-b Domung Bwana Tapen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SCB-ba domung Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SCB-c Bonkiman Bonkiman Yuwong Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SCB-ca bonkiman bongiman Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SCB-d Wandabong Wandabong Baup Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
24-SCB-da wandabong Papua New Guinea (Madang)
24-SCB-e Nokopo Taplen+ Nokopo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SCB-ea nokopo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SCB-f Kewieng Kewieng+ Megan Papua New Guinea (Madang);
(Morobe)
3
24-SCB-fa kewieng Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SCB-g Yupna Isan+ Bungavat Papua New Guinea (Madang);
(Morobe) adjacent
3
24-SCB-ga yupna yutna, isan, bongiman 2 Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
24-SD YAU+ SAKAM chain URUWA
24-SDA YAU+ SOM net
24-SDA-a Som Gorgiok Papua New Guinea (Morobe);
(Madang) adjacent
1
24-SDA-aa som Papua New Guinea (Morobe);
(Madang) adjacent
1
24-SDA-b Weliki Weleki Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SDA-ba weliki weleki, karangi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SDA-c Yau uruwa "proper" Uruwa upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SDA-ca worin Worin Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SDA-cb yawan Yawan Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SDA-cc kotet Kotet Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SDA-cd mitmit Mitmit Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SDA-ce mup Mup Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SDA-cf sindamon Sindamon Papua New Guinea (Morobe)

1999 / 2000 edition
24-SDA-d Komutu Timbe lower valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SDA-da komutu Komutu Bonggi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SDB SAKAM+
KAMDARANG net
24-SDB-a Sakam+ Kamdarang Saruwaged Range mountains Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SDB-aa sakam sugan Saruwaged Range-N. mountains: Sakam, Sugan Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SDB-ab kamdarang Saruwaged Range-S. mountains: Kamdarang Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SE WANTOAT+ IRUMU
chain
24-SEA WANTOAT+ AWARA
net
24-SEA-a Awara Leron upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SEA-aa awara Dabaram Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SEA-b Leron Leron upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SEA-ba leron Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SEA-c Wantoat Wantoat Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SEA-ca wantoat-A. wantoat-C. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SEA-cb wapu wantoat-S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SEB IRUMU+ BAM net
24-SEB-a Bam+ Yagawak +transition to [24] Wantoat Irumu headwaters Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SEB-aa bam Bungan Ewok Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SEB-ab kandumin kandomin Kandumin Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SEB-ac yagawak Walikuya Kaman Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SEB-b Irumu Irumu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SEB-ba irumu gumia Gumia Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SF URII+ NUK chain ERAP
24-SFA URII net
24-SFA-a Urii uri, uri vehees, erap Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SFA-aa urii-W. Siara Narumonke Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SFA-ab urii-E. Erap middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SFB FINUNGWA+
MAMAA* net
24-SFB-a Mamaa Mamaa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFB-aa mamaa mama Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFB-b Finungwa Finungwa Gofan Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFB-ba finungwa finungwan Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFC GUSAN net
24-SFC-a Gusan Saruwaged Range-S. mountains. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFC-aa gusan Erap upper valley: Gusan+ Boiran Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFD SAUK net
24-SFD-a Sauk Saruwaged Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFD-aa sauk Sauk Kisengam Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFE NIMI net
24-SFE-a Nimi Erap middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SFE-aa nimi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SFF NUK+
NUMANGGANG net
24-SFF-a Numanggang manggang, numangang, numangan, boana, kai Erap middle left-
bank
Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SFF-aa sugu numanggang-W. Sugu Kawalang Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SFF-ab ngain gain, numanggang-E. Gain Badibo Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SFF-b Nek Saruwaged Range-S. mountain: Boana-N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SFF-ba nek-W. Busu upper valley: Ganzengan Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SFF-bb nek-E. Wampangan Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-SFF-c Nuk Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SFF-ca nuk-N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFF-cb nuk-S. Boana-E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFF-d Nakama Erap middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-SFF-da nakama-N. Busu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFF-db nakama-S. Boana-W. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFF-e Munkip Narumonke-E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-SFF-ea munkip Munkip Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2

24-T TIMBE+ TOBO set HUON-WEST; part of huon grouping Latin script
24-TA NABAK+ MESEM*
chain
24-TAA MESEM net
24-TAA-a Mesem Buso upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-TAA-aa mesem momolili, momalili Momalili Zezagi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-TAB NABAK net
24-TAB-a Nabak naba, wain Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4
24-TAB-aa nabak-SE. Bangdap Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TAB-ab nabak-NW. Sambue Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TB TIMBE+ KOMBA*
chain
24-TBA TIMBE net
24-TBA-a Timbe Timbe upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4
24-TBA-aa timbe-S. Honziuknan Pinang Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TBA-ab timbe-CW. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TBA-aba timbe-W. Imon Nandong (Morobe)
24-TBA-abb timbe-C. Lewamon Dalugilomon (Morobe)
24-TBA-ac timbe-E. Boroke Yandu Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TBB SELEPET+
KONDOLOP net
24-TBB-a Selepet+ Kondolop Pumune Kiari valleys Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-TBB-aa selepet-S. selepe Selepet Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TBB-ab selepet-N. Domot Sorong Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TBB-aba kabwum Kabwum (Morobe)
24-TBB-abb kondolop Kondolop Wap (Morobe)
24-TBC KOMBA net
24-TBC-a Komba Kwama upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4
24-TBC-aa komba-E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TBC-ab komba-C. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TBC-ac komba-CW. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TBC-ad komba-W. "border" komba Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TBC-ae komba-SW. #also known as "west" Komba Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TC NOMU+ ONO* chain
24-TCA KUMUKIO net
24-TCA-a Kumukio Kumukio Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-TCA-aa kumukio kumokio, gumukio Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-TCB KINALAKNA net
24-TCB-a Kinalakna Kinalakna Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-TCB-aa kinalakna Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-TCC NOMU net
24-TCC-a Nomu Bwambi Sikikia -bilingual in [24] Ono Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3*
24-TCC-aa nomu Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TCD SIALUM net
24-TCD-a Sialum Sialum Kwambu coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-TCD-aa sialum Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-TCE ONO net
24-TCE-a Ono ono-E. Bwambi Sikikia Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-TCE-aa ziwe Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TCE-ab amugen Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TD TOBO+ SOMBA*
chain
24-TDA TOBO net
24-TDA-a Tobo Cromwell Range mountains>S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-TDA-aa tobo Kua upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-TDB SOMBA+ SIAWARI
net
burum+ mindik
24-TDB-a SOMBA+ SIAWARI Cromwell Range mountains>S. 3
24-TDB-aa siawari mindik, yaknge Mindik Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-TDB-ab kosorong Burum lower valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-TDB-ac somba bulum, burum Burum town & valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
24-U KATE+ MONGI set HUON-EAST, part of huon grouping Latin script
24-UA MONGI chain
24-UAA MONGI net
24-UAA-a Mongi kube, hube Mongi Kua Foris valleys Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-UAA-aa kurungtufu Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-UAA-ab yoangen yoanggeng Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-UB KATE+ MAPE chain masaweng+ mape
24-UBA MIGABAC net
24-UBA-a Migabac migaba' Ago Hudewa coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3*
24-UBA-aa migabac-N. Hudewa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-UBA-ab migabac-S. Ago Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-UBB MOMARE net
24-UBB-a Momare Wandokai coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-UBB-aa momare momale, momole Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2
24-UBC SENE net
24-UBC-a Sene Lakona extinct Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 0
24-UBC-aa sene Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 0
24-UBD DEDUA net
24-UBD-a Dedua* deduae, masaweng Masaweng upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-UBD-aa dedua-N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-UBD-ab dedua-S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-UBE MAPE+ FUKAC net
24-UBE-a Mape+ Fukac Mape valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-UBE-aa naga Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-UBE-ab mape-E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-UBE-ac mape-W. Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-UBE-ad nigac Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-UBE-ae fukac Papua New Guinea (Morobe)
24-UBF KATE net
24-UBF-a Kate kai, kte, kte-dong Song valley Bonga coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4
24-UBF-aa wana "vehicular" kate Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4
24-UBF-ab magobineng bamota Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 0
24-UBF-ac wamora wamola Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1
24-UBF-ad wemo Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1
24-UBF-ae parec Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 0
24-V KOVAI set part of huon grouping Latin script
24-VA KOVAI chain
24-VAA KOVAI net
24-VAA-a Kovai Umboi, Rooke island: Siassi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3
24-VAA-aa kovai umboi, kobai, kowai Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3

25= CENDRAWASIH
geozone
covers the "Cendrawasih" or "North Central New Guinea"
reference area, composed of sets not covered by any
phylozone or by the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis, within
the wider reference area of the "Papuan" hypotheses;
comprising 25 sets of languages (= 76 outer languages)
spoken by communities in Australasia centered on
Cendrawasih Bay & (Bird's Head) Peninsula, extending from
the Halmahera Islands in the west to Central New Guinea in
the east:
25-A TOBELO+ TERNATE 25-B MOI+KALABRA
25-C ABUN 25-D YACH+ BRAT
25-E MPUR 25-F BORAI+ HATAM
25-G MEAH+ MANTION 25-H AWERA+ SAPONI*
25-I YAWA+ TARAU 25-J TUNGGARE+ BAPU
25-K WAREMBORI 25-L PAUWI
25-M BURMESO 25-N MASSEP
25-O VANIMO+ WARAPU 25-P KWOMTARI+ FAS
25-Q BAIBAI+ NAI 25-R PYU
25-S YURI+ USARI 25-T YADE
25-U BUSA 25-V AMTO+ MUSAN
25-W AMA+ NIMO 25-X POROME+ KIBIRI
25-Y BIBASA*
25-A TOBELO+ TERNATE
set
HALMAHERA-NORTH Latin script
25-AA TOBELO+ SAHU
chain
25-AAA TOBELO+ TUGUTIL
net
25-AAA-a Tobelo Halmahera Morotai islands; migr > Raja Ampat islands Indonesia (Maluku); (Irian Jaya) 4
25-AAA-aa bong Halmahera-N. Morotai-N. islands; migr > Raja Ampat islands Indonesia (Maluku); migr> (Irian
Jaya)
4
25-AAA-ab heleworuru Halmahera-N. islands: Tobelo+ Wasile Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAA-ac dodinga Halmahera-C. island: Pintatu Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAA-b Tugutil+ Kusuri Halmahera-N. island inland: Kusuri Kecamatan Tobelo country
Kecamatan Kao country: Taboulamo Lolobata Kecamatan Wasele
country: Dodaga Teluk Lili
Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAA-ba tugutil Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAA-bb teluk-lili Teluk-Lili environs Indonesia (Maluku)
25-AAA-bc kusuri Kusuri Indonesia (Maluku)
25-AAB GALELA+ LODA net
25-AAB-a Galela Halmahera-N.: Galela Morotai-S.islands Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AAB-aa kadai Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AAB-ab kadina Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AAB-ac morotai Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AAB-ad sopi Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAB-b Loda+ Bakun Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AAB-ba loda loloda-N. Loloda Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AAB-bb bakun Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAB-c Laba Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAB-ca laba loloda-S., kedi Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAC TOBARU net
25-AAC-a Tobaru tabaru Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AAC-aa nyeku "lower" tobaru Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AAC-ab adu "upper" tobaru Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AAD SAHU+ IBU net
25-AAD-a Sahu sa'u, sau, sahu'u Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAD-aa pa'disua palisua Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAD-ab tala'ai Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAD-b Ibu+ Waioli Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 1
25-AAD-ba ibu Ibu river-mouth Indonesia (Maluku) 1
25-AAD-bb waioli wajoli, wayoli Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAD-bc gamkonora Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAE MODOLE+ PAGU net
25-AAE-a Modole madole Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAE-aa modole-N. Kao upper valley Indonesia (Maluku)
25-AAE-ab modole-S. Kao middle valley Indonesia (Maluku)

1999 / 2000 edition
25-AAE-b Pagu+ Isam Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAE-ba isam Indonesia (Maluku)
25-AAE-bb pagu pago, pagoe Indonesia (Maluku) 3
25-AAE-bc toliwiku toliliko Indonesia (Maluku)
25-AAE-c Kao Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2
25-AAE-ca kao kau, ka'u Kao lower valley: Kao town Indonesia (Maluku) 2
25-AB MAKIAN-'WEST'
chain
25-ABA MAKIAN-'WEST' net
25-ABA-a Makian-W. Makian-W. Halmahera-W. Kayoa islands Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-ABA-aa makian-W. makian-barat, makian-luar distinct from [33] Makian-E. Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-AC TERNATE+ TIDORE
chain
25-ACA TERNATE+ TIDORE
net
25-ACA-a Ternate Ternate Kayan Bacan Obi Halmahera-NW. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-ACA-aa ternate-A. ternate "proper" Ternate island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-ACA-ab ternate-V. "vehicular" ternate Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-ACA-b Tidore Tidore Maitara Mare Moti-N. Halmahera-NW. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-ACA-ba mareku tidore-W. Tidore-W. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-ACA-bb soasiu tidore-E. Tidore-E. island: Soasiu Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-ACA-bc tidore-V. "vehicular" tidore Indonesia (Maluku) 4
25-B MOI+ KALABRA set VOGELKOP-WEST, "bird's head"-W. Latin script
25-BA SEGET chain
25-BAA SEGET net
25-BAA-a Seget Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-BAA-aa seget Seget Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-BB MOI+ WAIPU chain
25-BBA MOI+ WAIPU net
25-BBA-a Moi+ Waipu Vogelkop-W. peninsula Salawati-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-BBA-aa waipu Salawati-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-BBA-ab mosana Salawati-E. island: Waliam+ Yefbo Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-BBA-ac moi-W. Vogelkop-W. peninsula Sorong distinct from [21] Mekwei (Moi)
& [25] Moire (Moi-NE.)
25-BC MORAID chain
25-BCA MORAID net
25-BCA-a Moraid Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-BCA-aa moraid Kalabra upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-BD KALABRA+ TEHIT
chain
25-BDA KALABRA net
25-BDA-a Kalabra Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-BDA-aa kalabra beraur Kalabra lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-BDB TEHIT net
25-BDB-a Tehit Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-BDB-aa tehit tehid, kaibus Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-BDC KUWANI net
25-BDC-a Kuwani Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-BDC-aa kuwani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-C ABUN set VOGELKOP-NORTH, "bird's head"-N. Latin script
25-CA ABUN chain
25-CAA ABUN net
25-CAA-a Abun manif, yimbun Vogelkop-N. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-CAA-aa abun-tat karon-pantai Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-CAA-ab abun-ji madik Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-CAA-ac abun-je Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-D YACH+ BRAT set VOGELKOP-CENTRAL, karon-dori+ amaru, "bird's head"-C. Latin
script
25-DA YACH+ BRAT chain
25-DAA YACH+ BRAT net #mai =language
25-DAA-a Yach Vogelkop-C. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-DAA-aa mai-yach karon-dori, meon Tamrau-N. mountains: Pef Asses Sunopi
Siakwa

25-DAA-b Brat+ Maka including marey; fayok; maru; asmaun; tuf Tamrau-S. mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
25-DAA-ba mai-brat brat "proper", ayamaru, ajamaru, amaru community Amaru lakes Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-DAA-bb mai-sawiet sawiet Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-DAA-bc mai-yah yah, yak Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-DAA-bd mai-maka maka Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-DAA-be mai-te te Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-DAA-bf mai-sefa sefa Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-E MPUR set amberbaken Latin script
25-EA MPUR chain
25-EAA MPUR net
25-EAA-a Mpur Vogelkop-N. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-EAA-aa mpur kebar, amberbaken, ekware, dekwambre Tamrau-E. mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-F BORAI+ HATAM set Latin script
25-FA BORAI+ HATAM
chain
25-FAA BORAI+ HATAM net
25-FAA-a Hatam+Tinam including mansim Vogelkop-NE. peninsula: Arfak mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
25-FAA-aa hatam hattam, atam Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-FAA-ab moire moi-NE. distinct from [21] Mekwei (Moi) & [25] Moi-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-FAA-ac tinam Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-FAA-ad mirei Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-FAA-ae adihup Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-FAA-af uran Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-FAA-b Borai Vogelkop-NE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-FAA-ba borai Manokwari>S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-G MEAH+ MANTION set VOGELKOP-EAST, "bird's head"-E. Latin script
25-GA MEAH+ MANTION
chain
25-GAA MEAH+ MOSKONA
net
25-GAA-a Meah Vogelkop-NE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4
25-GAA-aa meah meax, meyach, meyah, mejah, mejach, arfak, mansibaber
Manokwari-W.
25-GAA-b Moskona Vogelkop-SE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*
25-GAA-ba moskona sabena, meninggo, meningo Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-GAB MANTION+ SOUGH
net
25-GAB-a Mantion+ Sough Vogelkop-E. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-GAB-aa manikion Anggi lakes Momi coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-GAB-ab mantion mantion "proper" Mutuo middle valley coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-GAB-ac sough sogh Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-H AWERA+ SAPONI*
set
part of "geelvink bay papuan"
25-HA AWERA+ SAPONI
chain
25-HAA AWERA+ SAPONI net
25-HAA-a Awera -bilingual in [33] Ansus Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-HAA-aa awera Wapoga river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-HAA-b Rasawa Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-HAA-ba rasawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-HAA-c Saponi Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
25-HAA-ca saponi Botawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
25-I YAWA+ TARAU set part of "geelvink bay papuan" Latin script
25-IA YAWA+ TARAU chain
25-IAA YAWA+ TARAU net
25-IAA-a Yawa+ Tarau yapanani, mora, turu, mantembu, yava, iau Yapen-C. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-IAA-aa yawa-kiriow Yapen-N. coast: Kiriow Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-IAA-ab yawa-yobi Yapen-N. coast: Yobi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-IAA-ac yawa-maninon mora Yapen-C. island: Maninon Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-IAA-ad ariepi Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-ae tatui Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-af sarawandori Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-ag mariadei Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-ah mantembu Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-ai tarau Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
25-IAA-aj tutu Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-ak kabuaena Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-al yapanani+ borai Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-am konti+ unai Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-an wadapi-darat Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-IAA-ao saweru Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-J TUNGGARE+ BAPU
set
part of "geelvink bay papuan" Latin script
25-JA TUNGGARE+ BAUZI
chain
25-JAA TUNGGARE+ BAUZI
net
25-JAA-a Tunggare Geelvink-E. bay: Tabei-W. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JAA-aa tunggare tarunggare, turunggare Nabire Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JAA-b Bauzi 3
25-JAA-ba bauzi Mamberamo-CW. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-JAA-baa bauzi-A. baudi, bauri, baudji, baudzi Holmes-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-JAA-bab gesda-dae Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-JB DEMISA+ BURATE*
chain
25-JBA DEMISA net
25-JBA-a Demisa Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JBA-aa demisa-A. Desawa+ Muyere coast Wonoi valley: Botawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JBA-ab demisa-V. "vehicular" demisa Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-JBB BURATE net
25-JBB-a Burate Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JBB-aa burate Wapoga river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JBC TEFARO net
25-JBC-a Tefaro Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JBC-aa tefaro Tefaro Demba Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JBD WORIA net
25-JBD-a Woria Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JBD-aa woria Botawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JC BARAPASI+ NISA*
chain
25-JCA KOFEI net
25-JCA-a Kofei Geelvink-E. bay semi-nomadic community Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JCA-aa kofei recently settled in Sauri-Sirama Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JCB SAURI net
25-JCB-a Sauri Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JCB-aa sauri Sauri-Sirama Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JCC BARAPASI net
25-JCC-a Barapasi Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-JCC-aa barapasi baropasi, siromi Barapasi valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3
25-JCD NISA net
25-JCD-a Nisa Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JCD-aa nisa-A. nisa "proper", kerema Danau-Nisa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JCD-ab bonefa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-JD BAPU chain
25-JDA BAPU net
25-JDA-a Bapu Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*
25-JDA-aa bapu Mamberamo lower left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
25-K WAREMBORI set
25-KA WAREMBORI chain
25-KAA WAREMBORI net
25-KAA-a Warembori Mamberamo-W. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-KAA-aa warembori warenbori Warembori Yoke Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-L PAUWI set
25-LA PAUWI chain
25-LAA PAUWI net
25-LAA-a Pauwi Mamberamo lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-LAA-aa pauwi Rombebai-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2

25-M BURMESO set
25-MA BURMESO chain
25-MAA BURMESO net
25-MAA-a Burmeso Mamberamo middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-MAA-aa burmeso taurap, boromeso, borumeso, monau, monao, manau Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-N MASSEP set
25-NA MASSEP chain
25-NAA MASSEP net
25-NAA-a Massep Apawar-E. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
25-NAA-aa massep masep Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1
25-O VANIMO+ WARAPU
set
SKO Latin script
25-OA VANIMO+ SANGKE
chain
25-OAA SANGKE net
25-OAA-a Sangke Kofro Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-OAA-aa sangke Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-OAB TUMAWO net
25-OAB-a Tumawo Tami river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-OAB-aa tumawo sko, seko, sekol, sekou, seka Sko-Yambe Sko-Mabo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2
25-OAC WUTUNG net
25-OAC-a Wutung Wutung-E. coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-OAC-aa wutung udung Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-OAD VANIMO net
25-OAD-a Vanimo Vanimo coast Papua New Guinea; Indonesia
(Irian Jaya)
3
25-OAD-aa vanimo manimo Yako+ Vanimo coast Leitre-W. coastal enclave Papua New Guinea; Indonesia
(Irian Jaya)
3
25-OB WARAPU+ KRISA
chain
25-OBA KRISA net
25-OBA-a Krisa Oenake-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-OBA-aa krisa Krisa coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-OBB RAWO net
25-OBB-a Rawo Rawo coast Leitre coastal enclave Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-OBB-aa rawo Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-OBC PUARI net
25-OBC-a Puari Puari coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-OBC-aa puari Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-OBD WARAPU net
25-OBD-a Warapu Sumo Ramo coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
25-OBD-aa warapu Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
25-P KWOMTARI+ FAS set part of kwomtari+ baibai grouping Latin script
25-PA KWOMTARI+ FAS
chain
25-PAA FAS net
25-PAA-a Fas Bewani mountains Onei coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
25-PAA-aa fas bembi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
25-PAB KWOMTARI+ EKOS
net
25-PAB-a Kwomtari Gedik Yenabu lower valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
25-PAB-aa kwomtari-CW. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
25-PAB-ab ekos+ maragin including ekos yenabi maragin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
25-PAC GURIASO net
25-PAC-a Guriaso Wuro valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2*
25-PAC-aa guriaso Guriaso Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
25-Q BAIBAI+ NAI set part of kwomtari+ baibai grouping Latin script
25-QA BAIBAI+ NAI chain
25-QAA BAIBAI net
25-QAA-a Baibai Sukara valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-QAA-aa baibai Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-QAB NAI net
25-QAB-a Nai Amanab district Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-QAB-aa nai biaka, amini Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
25-R PYU set part of kwomtari+ baibai grouping
25-RA PYU chain
25-RAA PYU net
25-RAA-a Pyu October upper Sepik headwaters: Biake No.2 village Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacent
2
25-RAA-aa pyu Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacent
adjacent
2
25-S YURI+ USARI set Latin script
25-SA YURI+ USARI chain
25-SAA YURI+ USARI net
25-SAA-a Yuri+ Usari karkar Green River valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); &
adjacent Indonesia (Irian Jaya)
3
25-SAA-aa yuri distinct from [24] Yuri Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
25-SAA-ab auia+ tarauwi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
25-SAA-ac usari Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
25-T YADE set
25-TA YADE chain
25-TAA YADE net
25-TAA-a Yade Horden valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-TAA-aa yade nagatman, nagatiman, yare Tila Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-U BUSA set
25-UA BUSA chain
25-UAA BUSA net
25-UAA-a Busa Horden valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-UAA-aa busa Tila-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-V AMTO+ MUSAN set
25-VA AMTO chain
25-VAA AMTO net
25-VAA-a Amto West Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-VAA-aa amto ki Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
25-VB MUSAN chain
25-VBA MUSAN net
25-VBA-a Musan West Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1
25-VBA-aa musan musian, musa Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1
25-W AMA+ NIMO set LEFT-MAY, arai Latin script
25-WA AMA+ NIMO chain
25-WAA AMA+ YONUWAI net
25-WAA-a Ama+ Yonuwai sawiyanu, including apaka, abi, aboa, boropa, nasiap, waniabu
Ambunti district: Sepik river>S. (Waniap creek) semi-nomadic
+idioms have converged
Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
25-WAA-aa ama including wopolu 1 wopolu 2, nokonufa Ama Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
25-WAA-ab kauvia kawiya Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
25-WAA-ac yonuwai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
25-WAB LARO+ BO net
25-WAB-a Laro West Range-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik);
(adjacent Sandaun)
2*
25-WAB-aa laro "rocky-peak", iyo, yinibu Iwau Agrame Papua New Guinea (East Sepik);
(adjacent Sandaun)
25-WAB-b Iteri Left-May headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1
25-WAB-ba iteri asowi, sorimin, yinibu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1
25-WAB-c Bo Right-May headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
25-WAB-ca bo po Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
25-WAC NIMO+ NAKWI net
25-WAC-a Nimo Left-May lower right-bank Upper-May middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
25-WAC-aa nimo Nimo Wasuai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
25-WAC-b Nakwi Left-May lower valley (villages often relocated) Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
25-WAC-ba nakwi Nakwi-Amasu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
25-WAD OWINIGA net
25-WAD-a Owiniga Upper-May lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
25-WAD-aa owiniga samo, bero, taina Yei Samo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2

25-X POROME+ KIBIRI set Latin script
25-XA POROME+ KIBIRI
chain
25-XAA POROME+ KIBIRI net
25-XAA-a Porome+ Kibiri polome Kikori tributaries Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3
25-XAA-aa porome porome "proper" Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
25-XAA-ab kibiri "aird-hills" Aird Hills mountains Papua New Guinea (Gulf)
25-Y BIBASA* set
25-YA BIBASA chain
25-YAA BIBASA net
25-YAA-a Bibasa Papua New Guinea (Western) 2*
25-YAA-aa bibasa Papua New Guinea (Western)

1999 / 2000 edition
26= SEPIK-VALLEY
geozone
covers the "Sepik Valley" reference area, coterminous with
the "Sepik+ Ramu" hypothesis (less the "Sepik+ Ramu
Marginal" sets, see 27-A to 27-F), within the wider reference
area of the "Papuan" hypotheses; comprising 22 sets of
languages (= 96 outer languages) spoken by communities in
Australasia, centered on the Sepik and Lower Ramu valleys in
New Guinea:
26-A BIKSI 26-B ABAU+ IWAM
26-C NAMIA+ AWUN 26-D BOUYE+ KAMNUM
26-E KALOU+ MAYO 26-F KWANGA+ KWOMA
26-G YERAKAI 26-H AMBULAS+ IATMUL
26-I SANIO+ HEWA 26-J BISIS+ KAPRIMAN
26-K ALAMBLAK+ KANINGRA 26-L MARAMBA
26-M MEKMEK+ BIWAT 26-N MONGOL+ LANGAM
26-O ALFENDIO+ MEAKAMBUT 26-P BOTIN+ ABU
26-Q BANARO 26-R BOREI+ BOSNGUN
26-S KIRE+ MIKAREW 26-T IGOM+ MIDSIVINDI
26-U RAO 26-V ANOR+ AIOME
Papua New Guinea; also
Indonesia (Irian Jaya frontier)
5
26-A BIKSI set part of sepik grouping
26-AA BIKSI chain
26-AAA BIKSI net
26-AAA-a Biksi Sepik upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Sandaun adjacent)
2
26-AAA-aa biksi Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New
Guinea (Sandaun adjacent)
2
26-B ABAU+ IWAM set UPPER-SEPIK, part of sepik grouping Latin script
26-BA ABAU chain
26-BAA ABAU net
26-BAA-a Abau Sepik upper valley Green+ August tributaries Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);
3
26-BAA-aa abau "green-river" Green River Bibyun Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);
3
26-BB IWAM+ AMAL chain
26-BBA IWAM net
26-BBA-a Iwam-W. May valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-BBA-aa iwam-W. "may-river", "up-river" iwam Arai lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-BBA-b Iwam-E. Sepik upper valley: Oum Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-BBA-ba iwam-E. "sepik-river" iwam, "down-river" iwam, yawenian Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-BBB AMAL net
26-BBB-a Amal Wagana valley: Wanibe confluence upstream Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-BBB-aa amal-A. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-BBB-ab alai* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
26-BC CHENAP+
WOGAMUSIN chain
26-BCA CHENAP net
26-BCA-a Chenap Sepik valley: Leonhard Schultze confluence Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-BCA-aa chenap tsenap, zenap, chenapian Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-BCB WOGAMUSIN net
26-BCB-a Wogamusin Sepik valley: Leonhard Schultze confluence downstream Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-BCB-aa wogamusin wongamusin Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-C NAMIA+ AWUN set YELLOW-RIVER, part of sepik grouping Latin script
26-CA NAMIA chain
26-CAA NAMIA net
26-CAA-a Namia namie, nemia, "yellow-river proper", watalu, lu-jere Yellow Sand
valleys
Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;
East Sepik adjacent)
3
26-CAA-aa ailuaki Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
26-CAA-ab amani Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
26-CAA-ac wiari Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
26-CAA-ad lawo Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)

26-CB AK chain
26-CBA AK net
26-CBA-a Ak Sand upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1
26-CBA-aa ak Yawari-N. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1
26-CC AWUN chain
26-CCA AWUN net
26-CCA-a Awun Wagana middle valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-CCA-aa awun awon Abrau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-D BOUYE+ KAMNUM
set
RAM, part of sepik grouping Latin script
26-DA BOUYE chain
26-DAA BOUYE net
26-DAA-a Bouye Werni lower left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-DAA-aa bouye Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-DB KAMNUM chain
26-DBA KAMNUM net
26-DBA-a Kamnum Yellow River headwaters Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-DBA-aa kamnum autu Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-DC KARAWA chain
26-DCA KARAWA net
26-DCA-a Karawa Yula lower valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1
26-DCA-aa karawa Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1
26-E KALOU+ MAYO set TAMA, part of sepik grouping Latin script
26-EA KALOU chain
26-EAA KALOU net
26-EAA-a Kalou Wagasu middle valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-EAA-aa kalou Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-EB PAHI+ MEHEK chain
26-EBA PAHI net
26-EBA-a Pahi Wagasu upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-EBA-aa pahi lugitama, wansum, riahoma Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-EBB MEHEK net
26-EBB-a Mehek Torricelli foothills: Om-W. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
26-EBB-aa mehek nuku, me'ek, driafleisuma, indinogosima Nuku Klaplei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
26-EC MAYO+ PASI chain
26-ECA PASI net
26-ECA-a Pasi Wagasu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-ECA-aa pasi besi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-ECB MAYO+ YAW net
26-ECB-a Mayo+ Yaw Sepik middle valley: Mehek>E. (10 villages) Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun)
3
26-ECB-aa yaw yawu, yau, warasai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun adjacent)
26-ECB-ab yessan-mayo mayo-yesan, maio-yesan, mayo, yasyin, yasi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-F KWANGA+ KWOMA
set
part of sepik grouping Latin script
26-FA KWOMA+ NUKUMA
chain
26-FAA KWOMA+ NUKUMA
net
26-FAA-a Nukuma Sepik middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-FAA-aa nukuma Nageri-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-FAA-b Kwoma Sepik middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-FAA-ba kwoma kuome, washkuk Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-FB KWANGA+ SEIM
chain
26-FBA SEIM net
26-FBA-a Seim Om middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
26-FBA-aa seim Seim Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
26-FBB WAMSAK* net
26-FBB-a Wamsak Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-FBB-aa wamsak womsak, nihamber, mende, sambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
26-FBC KWANGA net
26-FBC-a Kwanga gawanga, womsak Om middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 4
26-FBC-aa bongos Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-FBC-ab tau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-FBC-ac apos Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-FBC-ad bongomaisi bongamaise Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-FBC-ae yubanakor Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-G YERAKAI set part of sepik grouping
26-GA YERAKAI chain
26-GAA YERAKAI net
26-GAA-a Yerakai Chambri-W. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-GAA-aa yerakai yerekai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-H AMBULAS+ IATMUL
set
NDU, part of sepik grouping Latin script
26-HA NGALA chain
26-HAA NGALA net
26-HAA-a Ngala Sepik+ Wagasu-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HAA-aa ngala kara, sogap, swagup Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HB MANAMBU+
YELOGU chain
26-HBA MANAMBU+
YELOGU net
26-HBA-a Manambu Sepik middle valley: Ambunti Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HBA-aa manambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HBA-b Yelogu Yimi lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HBA-ba yelogu kaunga, buia-manambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HC AMBULAS+
KWASENGEN chain
26-HCA KWASENGEN net
26-HCA-a Kwasengen Yimi Screw valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HCA-aa kwasengen kwasenga, kwarsengen, kwasengan, wosera-W., hanga-hundi, nana-
hundi Nungwaia Pukago
26-HCB AMBULAS net
26-HCB-a Ambulas abulas, abelam Numelio Parchi valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4
26-HCB-aa wosera-E. Hayfield Jama Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4
26-HCB-ab maprik Maprik Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HCB-ac wingei Wingei Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HD BOIKIN+ KUBALIA
chain
26-HDA BOIKIN+ KUBALIA
net
including kwusaun haripmor
26-HDA-a Kubalia Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-aa rabundogum Rabundogum Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-ab yumungu Yumungu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HDA-b Kunai Kiniambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HDA-ba kunai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HDA-c Yangoru yengoru, boikin-W. Yangoru Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4
26-HDA-ca kwolyik Kwolyik Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-cb mambuk Mambuk Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-cc kworabri Kworabri Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-cd ambukanja Ambukanja Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-ce soli Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HDA-d Munji boikin-C. Munji Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-da niagombi Niagombi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-db nyakandogun Nyakandogun Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-e Nagum nucum, boikin-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4
26-HDA-ea mundjiharanji Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-eb tuanumbu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-ec passam Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-f Boikin "coastal" boiken, boikin "proper", boiken Boiken Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-fa karawop Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-fb salimbua Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-g Mushu-W. Mushu-W. island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-HDA-ga mushu-W. "island" boikin Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3

26-HE SAWOS+ GAIKUNDI
chain
26-HEA SAWOS+ GAIKUNDI
net
26-HEA-a Sawos+ Chimbian tshwosh, tshuosh, kwaruwikwundi, "sepik-plains", kwongai Sepik
middle valley: Pagwi+ Timbunke-N.
26-HEA-aa sawos-C. Kumbwingei Torembi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-HEA-ab sawos-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-HEA-ac chimbian Chimbian Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-HEA-b Koiwat Koiwat Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HEA-ba koiwat Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HEA-c Burui Sepik middle valley: Pagwi-N. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HEA-ca burui Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HEA-d Gaikundi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HEA-da gaikundi gaikunti Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HF IATMUL+ SENGO
chain
26-HFA IATMUL+ SENGO net
26-HFA-a Iatmul "big" sepik, ngepma-kwundi, gepma-kwudi, gepma-kwundi Sepik
middle valley: Tambunum + Japandai
26-HFA-aa palimbei iatmul-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-HFA-ab nyaura iatmul-C. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-HFA-ac nyaura-W. iatmul-W. Ambunti upper enclave Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-HFA-b Sengo* Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-HFA-ba sengo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-I SANIO+ HEWA set part of sepik grouping Latin script
26-IA SANIO+ NIKSEK
chain
26-IAA SANIO+ HIOWE net
26-IAA-a Sanio+ Hiowe saniyo-hiyowe Wogamush valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-IAA-aa sanio saniyo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-IAA-ab hiowe hiyowe Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-IAA-ac makabuky Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-IAA-ad nakiai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-IAB PAKA+ GABIANO net niksek, meiyari, sumwari
26-IAB-a Paka+ Setiali Double Mountain-W. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun)
2
26-IAB-aa paka April valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-IAB-ab setiali Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun) adjacent
26-IAB-b Gabiano Scharfe Mountain-W. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun)
2
26-IAB-ba gabiano kabiano Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun adjacent)
26-IB HEWA+ YOLIAPI
chain
LAGAIP
26-IBA HEWA+ YOLIAPI net
26-IBA-a Hewa+ Yoliapi lagaip, including "upper" lagaip lagaip-C. "lower" lagaip #the
above compounds of lagaip need to be equated with the names of
inner languages listed below Lagaip valley Ok-Om left-bank
Papua New Guinea (Enga;
Southern Highlands; Sandaun;
East Sepik)
3
26-IBA-aa hewa hewa "proper", hewa-N. Papua New Guinea (Enga;
Southern Highlands; Sandaun;
3
26-IBA-ab yoliapi yoliape, sisimin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
26-IBA-ac umairof Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
26-IBA-ad morubanmin Papua New Guinea
26-IBA-ae kiane Papua New Guinea (Enga)
26-IBA-af mongolipa Papua New Guinea (Enga)
26-IBA-ag pauia Papua New Guinea (Enga)
26-IC PIAME chain
26-ICA PIAME net
26-ICA-a Piame Scharfe Mountain-E. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-ICA-aa piame biami April River headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-ID BIKARU chain
26-IDA BIKARU net
26-IDA-a Bikaru Burgers Mountain-N. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-IDA-aa bikaru pikaru, bugalu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
26-J BISIS+ KAPRIMAN
set
"WIDER"-BAHINEMO, part of sepik grouping Latin script
26-JA BITARA chain
26-JAA BITARA net
26-JAA-a Bitara April River valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JAA-aa bitara-A. bitara "proper" Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-JAA-ab apowasi kakiru Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
26-JB BAHINEMO chain
26-JBA BAHINEMO net
26-JBA-a Bahinemo Hunstein Range mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JBA-aa bahinemo gahom, wogu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JC MARI chain
26-JCA MARI net
26-JCA-a Mari Mari-N. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JCA-aa mari Mari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JD BISIS chain
26-JDA BISIS net
26-JDA-a Bisis Chambri lake Salumei lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4
26-JDA-aa bisis Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4
26-JE WATAKATAUI chain
26-JEA WATAKATAUI net
26-JEA-a Watakataui Korosameri middle left tributary Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JEA-aa watakataui Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JF KAPRIMAN chain
26-JFA KAPRIMAN net
26-JFA-a Kapriman wasare, mugumute Korosameri Blackwater valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-JFA-aa kapriman-A. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JFA-ab karambit Kuvanmas lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JG SUMARIUP chain
26-JGA SUMARIUP net
26-JGA-a Sumariup Wagupmeri upper valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-JGA-aa sumariup sogoba Sumariup Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-K ALAMBLAK+
KANINGRA set
part of sepik grouping Latin script
26-KA ALAMBLAK chain
26-KAA ALAMBLAK net
26-KAA-a Alamblak alambuk Kuvenmas lake Karawari middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-KAA-aa kuvenmas Kuvenmas-S. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-KAA-ab karawari Karawari middle Wagupmeri valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-KB KANINGRA chain
26-KBA KANINGRA net
26-KBA-a Kaningra Blackwater valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-KBA-aa kaningra kaningara Kuvanmas-N. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-L MARAMBA set part of yuat+ maramba grouping
26-LA MARAMBA chain
26-LAA MARAMBA net
26-LAA-a Maramba Sepik middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-LAA-aa maramba Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-M MEKMEK+ BIWAT
set
YUAT, part of yuat+ maramba grouping Latin script
26-MA CHANGRIWA chain
26-MAA CHANGRIWA net
26-MAA-a Changriwa Sepik middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-MAA-aa changriwa Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-MB MEKMEK chain
26-MBA MEKMEK net
26-MBA-a Mekmek Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-MBA-aa mekmek Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-MC BIWAT+ MIYAK chain
26-MCA MIYAK net
26-MCA-a Miyak Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2*
26-MCA-aa miyak Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)

26-MCB KYENELE net
26-MCB-a Kyenele Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-MCB-aa kyenele keele, kenen-birang, kyenying-barang, kenying-bulang Giling Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-MCC BIWAT+ BUN net
26-MCC-a Bun Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-MCC-aa bun Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-MCC-b Biwat Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-MCC-ba biwat mundugumor, munduguma Biwat Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
26-N MONGOL+ LANGAM
set
part of sepik+ ramu hypothesis Latin script
26-NA MONGOL chain
26-NAA MONGOL net
26-NAA-a Mongol Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-NAA-aa mongol Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-NB LANGAM chain
26-NBA LANGAM net
26-NBA-a Langam Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-NBA-aa langam Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-NC YAUL chain
26-NCA YAUL net
26-NCA-a Yaul Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-NCA-aa yaul Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-O ALFENDIO+
MEAKAMBUT set
ARAFUNDI, part of ramu grouping
26-OA ALFENDIO+
MEAKAMBUT chain
26-OAA ALFENDIO net
26-OAA-a Alfendio Arafundi valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-OAA-aa alfendio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-OAB MEAKAMBUT net
26-OAB-a Meakambut Arafundi headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-OAB-aa meakambut Avieme Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-P BOTIN+ ABU set PORAPORA, "grass"; part of ramu grouping Latin script
26-PA BOTIN chain
26-PAA BOTIN net
26-PAA-a Botin kambot Keram valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-PAA-aa kambot keram Kambot Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-PAA-ab kambaramba Sepik river + Keram-S. tributary Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-PB ABU+ AION chain
26-PBA ABU+ AION net
26-PBA-a Aion Porapora lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-PBA-aa aion Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-PBA-b Lembum Porapora headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-PBA-ba lembum Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
26-PBA-c Abu Porapora Ramu lower valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Madang)
3
26-PBA-ca abu-A. Papua New Guinea
26-PBA-cb adjora adjoria Papua New Guinea
26-PBA-cc azao Papua New Guinea
26-PC GOROVU chain
26-PCA GOROVU net
26-PCA-a Gorovu Bangapela Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Madang)
1
26-PCA-aa gorovu gorova, yerani Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Madang)
1
26-Q BANARO set part of ramu grouping Latin script
26-QA BANARO chain
26-QAA BANARO net
26-QAA-a Banaro Keram+ Clay valleys Ramu valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Madang adjacent)
3
26-QAA-aa banaro banar, banara Yar Ninias Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Madang adjacent)
3

1999 / 2000 edition
26-R BOREI+ BOSNGUN
set
OTTILIEN, part of ramu grouping Latin script
26-RA BOREI+ WATAM
chain
26-RAA BOREI+ WATAM net
26-RAA-a Watam Cape Girgir coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Madang)
2
26-RAA-aa watam Watam Marangis Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Madang)
2
26-RAA-b Borei gamei Boroi coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-RAA-ba boroi Boroi Papua New Guinea (Madang)
26-RAA-bb borewar Buliva Papua New Guinea (Madang)
26-RAA-bc botbot Botbot Papua New Guinea (Madang)
26-RAA-bd gamei gamai Gamei Papua New Guinea (Madang)
26-RAA-c Kaian kayan Boroi>N. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-RAA-ca kaian kayan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-RB BOSNGUN+ AWAR
chain
26-RBA BOSNGUN net
26-RBA-a Bosngun Ramu lower left-bank: Bosman Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-RBA-aa bosngun bosman Papua New Guinea (Madang; East
Sepik adjacent)
2
26-RBB AWAR net
26-RBB-a Awar Hansa-N. bay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-RBB-aa awar-A. Awar Papua New Guinea (Madang)
26-RBB-ab nubia Nubia Papua New Guinea (Madang)
26-S KIRE+ MIKAREW set MISEGIAN, part of ramu grouping Latin script
26-SA KIRE+ MIKAREW
chain
26-SAA KIRE net
26-SAA-a Kire Ramu lower right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-SAA-aa kire gire, giri, kire-puire Giri Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-SAB SEPEN net
26-SAB-a Sepen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-SAB-aa sepen Sepen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-SAC MIKAREW net
26-SAC-a Mikarew Hansa-S. bay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-SAC-aa mikarew aruamu, ariawiai, makarup, makarub, mikarup, mikarew-ariaw
Makarup Mikarew
26-T IGOM+ MIDSIVINDI
set
GOAM, part of ramu grouping Latin script
26-TA ANDARUM chain part of "ataitan"
26-TAA ANDARUM net
26-TAA-a Andarum Ramu middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-TAA-aa andarum Andarum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-TB IGOM+ TANGGU
chain
part of "ataitan"
26-TBA IGOM net
26-TBA-a Igom Sokumu>W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-TBA-aa igom comprises 2 dialects Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-TBB TANGGU net
26-TBB-a Tanggu Sokumu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-TBB-aa tanggu tanggum, tangu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-TC TANGUAT chain part of "ataitan"
26-TCA TANGUAT net
26-TCA-a Tanguat Goam middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TCA-aa tanguat Tanguat Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TD MIDSIVINDI+ BRERI
chain
TAMOLAN
26-TDA MIDSIVINDI+
ITUTANG net
26-TDA-a Itutang Goam middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDA-aa itutang Itutang Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDA-b Midsivindi Goam middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDA-ba midsivindi Midisvindi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2

26-TDA-c Igana* Goam middle Aingurum lower valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDA-ca igana Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDB BRERI+ ROMKUN net
26-TDB-a Kominimung* Goam Aingurum confluence Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDB-aa kominimung Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDB-b Breri Sogeram lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-TDB-ba breri kuanga Guanga Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3
26-TDB-c Romkun Goam lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDB-ca romkun romkuin Romkun Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDC AKRUKAY net
26-TDC-a Akrukay Sogeram middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-TDC-aa akrukay Akrukay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-U RAO set part of 'annaberg' grouping Latin script
26-UA RAO chain
26-UAA RAO net
26-UAA-a Rao Keram Ramu middle valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang; East
Sepik adjacent)
3
26-UAA-aa rao rao-breri Gorendo Annaberg Papua New Guinea (Madang; East
Sepik adjacent)
3
26-V ANOR+ AIOME set AIAN, part of 'annaberg' grouping
26-VA ANOR+ AIOME chain
26-VAA ANOR net
26-VAA-a Anor Ramu middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-VAA-aa anor Iwam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-VAB AIOME net
26-VAB-a Aiome Ramu middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
26-VAB-aa aiome ayom, annaberg "proper" Aiome Patrol Post Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2

1999 / 2000 edition
27= BISMARCK-SEA
geozone
covers the "East New-Guinea+ Solomons" reference area,
within the wider reference area of the "Papuan" hypotheses;
comprising 26 sets of languages (101 outer languages)
spoken by communities in Australasia, centered on the
Bismarck Sea and Archipelago, extending from Eastern New
Guinea through New Britain, New Ireland and the North
Solomon islands (all part of Papua New Guinea) to the
Solomon Islands:
27-A PAPI+ SUARMIN 27-B WALIO+ PEI
27-C YABIO+ TUWARI 27-D ANGORAM+ CHAMBRI
27-E MURIK+ KOPAR 27-F GAPUN
27-G AUNALEI+ SETA 27-H YIS+ MITANG
27-I BELI+ ARINUA 27-J KOMBIO+ MUHIANG
27-K URIM 27-L MANDI+ BUNA
27-M MONUMBO+ LILAU 27-N ANEM
27-O WASI 27-P KOL+ SUI
27-Q SULKA 27-R SIMBALI+ MALI
27-S TAULIL+ BUTAM 27-T KUOT
27-U KUNUA+ EIVO 27-V BUIN+ NASIOI
27-W YELE 27-X BILUA+ SAVO
27-Y KAZUKURU 27-Z AYIWO+ NEA
Papua New Guinea; Solomon
Islands
4
27-A PAPI+ SUARMIN set part of "leonhard-schultze" grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu
marginal" sets Latin script
27-AA PAPI chain
27-AAA PAPI net
27-AAA-a Papi Frieda valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1
27-AAA-aa papi paupe Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1
27-AB SUARMIN chain
27-ABA SUARMIN net
27-ABA-a Suarmin Schatteburg-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-ABA-aa suarmin duranmin, akiapmin Kenu valley: Duranmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-B WALIO+ PEI set part of "leonhard-schultze" grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu
27-BA PEI chain
27-BAA PEI net
27-BAA-a Pei Walio, Leonhard Schultze middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-BAA-aa pei pai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-BB WALIO chain
27-BBA WALIO net
27-BBA-a Walio Walio, Leonhard Schultze middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-BBA-aa walio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-C YABIO+ TUWARI set part of "leonhard-schultze" grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu
27-CA YABIO chain
27-CAA YABIO net
27-CAA-a Yabio Walio, Leonhard Schultze upper valley Papua New Guinea 2
27-CAA-aa yabio Woswori Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun)
2
27-CB TUWARI chain
27-CBA TUWARI net
27-CBA-a Tuwari Schatteburg mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-CBA-aa tuwari-N. Schatteburg-N. mountains: Walio, Leonhard Schultze headwaters Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
27-CBA-ab tuwari-S. Schatteburg-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
27-D ANGORAM+
CHAMBRI set
PONDO, part of nor+pondo grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu
27-DA CHAMBRI chain
27-DAA CHAMBRI net
27-DAA-a Chambri Chambri lake. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-DAA-aa chambri tshamberi, tchambuli Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-DB YIMAS+ TABRIAK
chain
27-DBA YIMAS net
27-DBA-a Yimas Arafundi valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-DBA-aa yimas Yimas Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2

27-DBB TABRIAK net
27-DBB-a Tabriak Karawari middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-DBB-aa tabriak karawari 2 Amboin-NE. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-DC ANGORAM chain
27-DCA ANGORAM net
27-DCA-a Angoram Sepik lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-DCA-aa angoram pondo "proper", tjimundo, olem Angoram Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-E MURIK+ KOPAR set NOR, part of nor+pondo grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu marginal"
sets Latin script
27-EA MURIK+ KOPAR
chain
27-EAA MURIK net
27-EAA-a Murik Murik coastal lakes Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-EAA-aa murik nor "proper" Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-EAB KOPAR net
27-EAB-a Kopar Sepik river-mouth Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-EAB-aa kopar Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-F GAPUN set among the "sepik+ ramu marginal" sets
27-FA GAPUN chain
27-FAA GAPUN net
27-FAA-a Gapun Sepik-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1
27-FAA-aa gapun Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1
27-G AUNALEI+ SETA set WAPEI-WEST, part of torricelli grouping Latin script
27-GA AUNALEI chain
27-GAA AUNALEI net
27-GAA-a Aunalei Kapori Romei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-GAA-aa aunalei onele, one, oni Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-GB SETA+ SETI chain
27-GBA SETA+ SETI net
27-GBA-a Seta Sand upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-GBA-aa seta Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-GBA-b Seti Weni upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-GBA-ba seti Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-H YIS+MITANG set wapei-E.+ palei; part of torricelli grouping Latin script
27-HA YIS+ GALU chain wapei-E.
27-HAA YIS+ YAU net
27-HAA-a Yis Kernam>N. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAA-aa yis Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAA-b Yau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HAA-ba yau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HAB OLO net
27-HAB-a Olo orlei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAB-aa payi pay, olo-N. Yalicoi valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
27-HAB-ab wapi wape, olo-S. Torricelli-W. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
27-HAC ELKEI net
27-HAC-a Elkei Torricelli-SW. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAC-aa elkei olkoi Telotei-E. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAD AU net
27-HAD-a Au Yula valley Yankok Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAD-aa au Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAE YIL net
27-HAE-a Yil Torricelli-SW. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAE-aa yil Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAF NINGIL net
27-HAF-a Ningil Torricelli-SW. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HAF-aa ningil Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HAG GNAU net
27-HAG-a Gnau Yankok-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAG-aa gnau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAH DIA+ SINAGEN net galu, metru
27-HAH-a Dia Torricelli-W. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-HAH-aa dia alu Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
27-HAH-b Sinagen Torricelli-C. mountains. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HAH-ba sinagen galu "proper" Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HAI VALMAN net
27-HAI-a Valman Nigia river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HAI-aa valman koroko Lemieng Chinapelli Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HAJ YAPUNDA net
27-HAJ-a Yapunda Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1
27-HAJ-aa yapunda reiwo Om upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1
27-HB MITANG+ ALATIL
chain
PALEI
27-HBA MITANG net
27-HBA-a Mitang Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBA-aa mitang metan, nambi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBB AGI net
27-HBB-a Agi Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBB-aa agi Boini Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBC WANAP net
27-HBC-a Wanap Om middle valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBC-aa wanap kayik Wanali Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBD AIKU net
27-HBD-a Aiku Om upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBD-aa aiku minendon, menandon, malek Wemil Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBE ARUOP net
27-HBE-a Aruop Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBE-aa aruop lauisaranga, lau'u Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBF BRAGAT net
27-HBF-a Bragat Torricelli-C. mountains. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBF-aa bragat alauagat Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBG ALATIL net
27-HBG-a Alatil Torricelli-SE. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HBG-aa alatil aru, eru Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-HC URAT chain
27-HCA URAT net
27-HCA-a Urat urakin, wasepnau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-HCA-aa urat-C. Dreikikir Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-HCA-ab urat-E. Emul Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-HCA-ac urat-S. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-I BELI+ ARINUA set part of torricelli grouping Latin script
27-IA LAEKO+ LIBUAT
chain
27-IAA LAEKO+ LIBUAT net
27-IAA-a Laeko+ Libuat Wagasu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-IAA-aa laeko Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
27-IAA-ab libuat limbuat Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
27-IB BELI chain
27-IBA BELI net
27-IBA-a Beli Torricelli-CS. foothills: Mehek>W. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-IBA-aa beli-A. mukili, akuwagel Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-IBA-ab makarim* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-IC WIAKI chain
27-ICA WIAKI net
27-ICA-a Wiaki Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-ICA-aa wiaki wiakei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-ID SILIPUT chain part of maimai
27-IDA SILIPUT net
27-IDA-a Siliput Makru-Klaplei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-IDA-aa siliput maimai-N., mai, sokorok Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-IE ARINUA+ YAHANG
chain
RURUHIP, ruruhi'p; part of maimai
27-IEA YAHANG net
27-IEA-a Yahang Mehek>W. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-IEA-aa yahang maimai-S., ya'unk Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3

27-IEB ARINUA net
27-IEB-a Arinua arinwa, arima, wan wan Wan-Wan Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3
27-IEB-aa arinua-A. arinwa, arima Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
27-IEB-ab lolopani* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
27-IEB-ac heyo* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)
27-J KOMBIO+ MUHIANG
set
part of torricelli grouping Latin script or to be re-classified as 2 or
more sets
27-JA KOMBIO+ LOU chain
27-JAA ARUEK net
27-JAA-a Aruek Dunumor-E. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);
(East Sepik)
2
27-JAA-aa aruek djang Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;
2
27-JAB LOU net
27-JAB-a Lou torricelli "proper", anamagi Torricelli-C. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;
East Sepik)
3
27-JAB-aa lou-W. Maprik Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2
27-JAB-ab lou-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-JAC EITIEP net
27-JAC-a Eitiep Torricelli-C. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;
2
27-JAC-aa eitiep Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;
2
27-JAD KOMBIO net
27-JAD-a Kombio endangen Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-JAD-aa kombio-N. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JAD-ab kombio-C. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JAD-ac kombio-S. Ben Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JAE YAMBES net
27-JAE-a Yambes Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-JAE-aa yambes-W. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JAE-ab yambes-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JAF WOM net
27-JAF-a Wom wam Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun)
3
27-JAF-aa wom-N. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun adjacent)
27-JAF-ab wom-S. wam Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JB BUMBITA chain part of arapesh
27-JBA BUMBITA net
27-JBA-a Bumbita arapesh-bumbita Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-JBA-aa bonahoi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JBA-ab urita Urita Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JBA-ac timingir Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JBA-ad weril Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JBA-ae werir Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JC MUHIANG+ BUKIYIP
chain
part of arapesh
27-JCA MUHIANG+ BUKIYIP
net
27-JCA-a Muhiang arapesh-S., muhian, mufian Torricelli-E. mountains Numalio
uppervalley
Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun adjacent)
4
27-JCA-aa balif Balif+ Albinama Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-JCA-ab supari Supari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-JCA-ac filifita ilahita Ilahita Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-JCA-ad balanga Balanga Ningalimbi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JCA-ae iwam iwam+ nagalemb Iwam Ami Nagalemb Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JCA-af womsak Womsak Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JCA-ag walihiga Walihiga Dagua Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JCA-ah nagipeim -translingual in [27] Bukiyip-S. Nagipeim Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-JCA-b Bukiyip bukiyup, kavu; arapesh-C. Torricelli-E. mountains coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun)
4
27-JCA-ba bukiyip-S. "mountain" arapesh Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun)
3
27-JCA-bb bukiyip-N. "coastal" arapesh Matapau Dagua Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun)
3

1999 / 2000 edition
27-K URIM set part of torricelli Latin script
27-KA URIM chain
27-KAA URIM net
27-KAA-a Urim Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun)
3
27-KAA-aa urim kalp Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;
Sandaun) adjacent
3
27-L MANDI+ BUNA set marienberg; part of torricelli grouping Latin script
27-LA MANDI+ KAMASAU
chain
27-LAA MANDI net
27-LAA-a Mandi Cape Moem-SE. coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAA-aa mandi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAB BUNGAIN net
27-LAB-a Bungain Forok Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-LAB-aa bungain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-LAC MUNIWARA net
27-LAC-a Muniwara Muniwara Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAC-aa muniwara mambe, tumara, tumaru Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAD URIMO net
27-LAD-a Urimo Urimo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAD-aa urimo-A. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAD-ab yaugiba* yauagepa Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-LAE KAMASAU+ YIBAB
net
wand-tan, sagi 2
27-LAE-a Paruwa+ Kenyari Paruwa Kenyari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAE-aa paruwa Paruwa Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-LAE-ab kenyari Kenyari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-LAE-b Kamasau+ Tring Kamasau Tring Wau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAE-ba kamasau Kamasau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-LAE-bb tring Tring Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-LAE-bc wau Wau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
27-LAE-c Yibab Yibab Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAE-ca yibab Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAE-d Wandomi Wandomi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAE-da wandomi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LAF ELEPI net
27-LAF-a Elepi Samap coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-LAF-aa elepi samap Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-LB BUNA+ MASAN chain
27-LBA BUNA+ MASAN net
27-LBA-a Buna+ Masan Murik-S. coastal lakes Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3
27-LBA-aa buna-N.* Kasmin Boig Waskurin Arapang Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LBA-ab buna-S. Mausap Marienberg Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-LBA-ac masan Masan Mangan Garien Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2
27-M MONUMBO+ LILAU
set
part of torricelli grouping Latin script
27-MA MONUMBO+ LILAU
chain
27-MAA MONUMBO+ LILAU
net
27-MAA-a Monumbo Bogia>N. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
27-MAA-aa monumbo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
27-MAA-b Lilau Bogia>S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
27-MAA-ba lilau ngaimbom Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2
27-N ANEM set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin
27-NA ANEM chain
27-NAA ANEM net
27-NAA-a Anem Raoult-SE. cape Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
27-NAA-aa anem karaiai Papua New Guinea (West New
Britain)
2

27-O WASI set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin
27-OA WASI chain
27-OAA WASI net
27-OAA-a Wasi pele+ ata, uase, uasi, uasilau Uasilau Papua New Guinea (West New
Britain; East New Britain)
3
27-OAA-aa pele Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
27-OAA-ab ata Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
27-P KOL+SUI set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin
27-PA KOL+SUI chain
27-PAA KOL+SUI net
27-PAA-a Kol+ Sui Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
27-PAA-aa sui Open Bay hinterland (East New Britain) 3
27-PAA-ab kol kole, kola, nakgaktai Timono Orakwi (East New Britain) 3
27-Q SULKA set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin
27-QA SULKA chain
27-QAA SULKA net
27-QAA-a Sulka Wide Bay coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
27-QAA-aa kanakadran Kanakadran (East New Britain)
27-QAA-ab nambling Nambling (East New Britain)
27-R SIMBALI+ MALI set BAINING, part of baining+ taulil grouping within "new britain" grouping;
within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin script
27-RA SIMBALI+ MALI chain
27-RAA SIMBALI+ MALI net
27-RAA-a Makolkol Gazelle peninsula (neck) Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 1
27-RAA-aa makolkol 7 speakers in late 1980's; nearly extinct (East New Britain) 1
27-RAA-b Simbali Gazelle-S. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
27-RAA-ba simbali asimbali (East New Britain) 2
27-RAA-c Qaqet maqaqet, kakat, makakat, baining Gazelle-W. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
27-RAA-ca qaqet-S. Pondo (East New Britain)
27-RAA-cb qaqet-N. Lassul (East New Britain)
27-RAA-d Uramat Gazelle-C. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
27-RAA-da uramat uramit, uramet, uramot, auramot (East New Britain) 3
27-RAA-e Mali+ Gaktai Gazelle-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3
27-RAA-ea mali Gazelle-E. peninsula (East New Britain)
27-RAA-eb gaktai Gazelle-E. peninsula (East New Britain)
27-RAA-f Kairak Gazelle-NE. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
27-RAA-fa kairak Mope+ Tobera (East New Britain) 2
27-S TAULIL+ BUTAM set part of baining+ taulil grouping within "new britain" grouping; within
"papuan"-E. hypothesis
27-SA TAULIL+ BUTAM
chain
27-SAA TAULIL+ BUTAM net
27-SAA-a Taulil Gazelle-N. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2
27-SAA-aa taulil (East New Britain) 2
27-SAA-b Butam Gazelle-NE. peninsula formerly Papua New Guinea (New
Britain)
0
27-SAA-ba butam extinct (East New Britain) 0
27-T KUOT set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin
27-TA KUOT chain
27-TAA KUOT net
27-TAA-a Kuot kuat, panaras Naiamo-W. Kama-E. coasts Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3
27-TAA-aa kul Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
27-TAA-ab naiyama Naiamo Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
27-TAA-ac letatan Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
27-U KUNUA+ EIVO set "bougainville"-W.; part of "bougainville" grouping; within "papuan"-E.
hypothesis Latin script
27-UA KUNUA chain
27-UAA KUNUA net
27-UAA-a Kunua Bougainville-NE. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-UAA-aa kunua konua, napoisi, rapoisi Kunua-W. coast (North Solomons) 3
27-UB KERIAKA chain
27-UBA KERIAKA net
27-UBA-a Keriaka Bougainville-E. island: Balbi mountain coast Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-UBA-aa keriaka (North Solomons) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
27-UC ROTOKAS chain
27-UCA ROTOKAS net
27-UCA-a Rotokas Bougainville-NE. island: Balbi mountain coast Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-UCA-aa pipipaia (North Solomons)
27-UCA-ab aita (North Solomons)
27-UCA-ac atsilima (North Solomons) 2
27-UD EIVO chain
27-UDA EIVO net
27-UDA-a Eivo Bougainville-C. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-UDA-aa eivo Vito-SW. (North Solomons) 3
27-V BUIN+ NASIOI set "bougainville"-E.; part of "bougainville" grouping; within "papuan"-E.
27-VA NASIOI+ NAGOVISI
chain
27-VAA NASIOI+ SIMEKU net
27-VAA-a Simeku Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-VAA-aa mainoki mainoke Bougainville-SE. western slope (North Solomons) 3
27-VAA-ab koopei kopei Bougainville-SE. eastern slope (North Solomons) 2
27-VAA-b Nasioi+ Orami aunge, in Tok Pisin: kieta-tok, "kieta-talk" Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
4
27-VAA-ba nasioi-A. naasioi Kieta (North Solomons)
27-VAA-bb kongara (North Solomons)
27-VAA-bc orami guava (North Solomons)
27-VAA-bd pakia+ sideronsi (North Solomons)
27-VAB OUNE+ DAPERA net
27-VAB-a Oune+ Dapera Bougainville-SE. mountains coast Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-VAB-aa oune ounge (North Solomons)
27-VAB-ab dapera (North Solomons))
27-VAC LANTANAI net
27-VAC-a Lantanai Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
2
27-VAC-aa lantanai Piruneu (North Solomons) 2
27-VAD KOROMIRA+
KOIANU net
27-VAD-a Koromira Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-VAD-aa koromira (North Solomons) 3
27-VAD-b Koianu Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
2
27-VAD-ba koianu (North Solomons) 2
27-VAE NAGOVISI net
27-VAE-a Nagovisi Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-VAE-aa nagovisi sibbe, nagovis (North Solomons) 3
27-VB SIWAI+ BAITSI chain
27-VBA SIWAI+ BAITSI net
27-VBA-a Siwai+ Baitsi motuna Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-VBA-aa siwai motuna (North Solomons) 3
27-VBA-ab baitsi sigisigero (North Solomons) 2
27-VC BUIN+ UISAI chain
27-VCA UISAI net
27-VCA-a Uisai Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
3
27-VCA-aa uisai Takuam-S. mountain (North Solomons) 3
27-VCB BUIN+ TELEI net
27-VCB-a Buin+Telei Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (North
Solomons)
4
27-VCB-aa buin Buin (North Solomons)
27-VCB-ab rugara (North Solomons)
27-VCB-ac telei terei (North Solomons)

27-W YELE set part of yele+ solomons grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis
Latin script
27-WA YELE chain
27-WAA YELE net
27-WAA-a Yele yelejong, rossel, yela, yeletnye Rossel island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3
27-WAA-aa daminyu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
27-WAA-ab bou Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
27-WAA-ac wulanga Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
27-WAA-ad jinjo Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
27-WAA-ae abaletti Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
27-WAA-af jaru Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)
27-X BILUA+ SAVO set solomons-C.; part of yele+ solomons grouping; within "papuan"-E.
27-XA BILUA chain
27-XAA BILUA net
27-XAA-a Bilua mbilua Vella Lavella Mbava Gizo-NE. islands Solomon Islands (Western) 4
27-XAA-aa vella-lavella Vella Lavella island Solomon Islands (Western)
27-XAA-ab mbava Mbava island Solomon Islands (Western)
27-XAA-ac gizo-NE. Gizo-NE. island Solomon Islands (Western)
27-XB BANIATA chain
27-XBA BANIATA net
27-XBA-a Baniata Rendova-S. island Solomon Islands (Western) 2
27-XBA-aa baniata mbaniata, lokuru Solomon Islands (Western) 2
27-XC LAVUKALEVE chain
27-XCA LAVUKALEVE net
27-XCA-a Lavukaleve Russell islands Solomon Islands 2
27-XCA-aa lavukaleve laube, laumbe Solomon Islands 2
27-XD SAVO chain
27-XDA SAVO net
27-XDA-a Savo Savo island formerly Solomon Islands 2
27-XDA-aa savo savosavo Solomon Islands 2
27-Y KAZUKURU set part of yele+ solomons grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis
27-YA KAZUKURU chain
27-YAA KAZUKURU net
27-YAA-a Kazukuru New Georgia-NW. island Solomon Islands 0
27-YAA-aa kazukuru-A. Solomon Islands 0
27-YAA-ab dororo* doriri Solomon Islands 0
27-YAA-ac guliguli* gulili Solomon Islands 0
27-Z AYIWO+ NEA set "reef-islands"+ santa cruz; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin
script
27-ZA AYIWO chain "reef-islands", "reefs"
27-ZAA AYIWO net
27-ZAA-a Ayiwo influenced by languages in 39=Transpacific phylozone Reef islands Solomon Islands 3
27-ZAA-aa ayiwo awo, gnivo, nivo, nifilole, lomlom Solomon Islands 3
27-ZB NEA+ NANGGU
chain
santa-cruz
27-ZBA LNDI net
27-ZBA-a Lndi nambakaeng Santa Cruz islands Solomon Islands 3
27-ZBA-aa lndi Solomon Islands 3
27-ZBB NEA net
27-ZBB-a Nea Santa Cruz islands Solomon Islands 3
27-ZBB-aa natgu Solomon Islands
27-ZBB-ab nend Solomon Islands
27-ZBB-ac ndeni deni Solomon Islands
27-ZBB-ad te-motu Solomon Islands
27-ZBB-ae nemboi nea-W. Solomon Islands 2
27-ZBB-af nooli nea-E. Solomon Islands 2
27-ZBB-ag lvova lwowa Solomon Islands
27-ZBB-ah mbanua Solomon Islands
27-ZBC NANGGU net
27-ZBC-a Nanggu Santa Cruz islands Solomon Islands 2
27-ZBC-aa nanggu Solomon Islands 2

1999 / 2000 edition
28= NORTH-
AUSTRALIA
geozone
covers the "North-Australia" reference area (within the
"Australian" hypothesis); comprising 21 sets of languages (85
outer languages) spoken or formerly spoken by hunter-
gatherer communities (or descendants of former hunter-
gatherers) across the far-north of Australia:
28-A BAADI+ YAWURU 28-B BUNABA+ GUNIANDI
28-C WORORA+ NGARINYIN 28-D KITJA+ MIRIWUNG
28-E DJAMINDJUNG+ NUNGALI 28-F MURRINHPATHA+ NANGIOMERI*
28-G KUNGARAKANY 28-H LARAGIA+ WULNA
28-I TIWI 28-J UMBUGARLA+ BUGUNIDJA*
28-K GAGADU 28-L ERRE+ MANGERR
28-M IWAIDJA+ AMARAG 28-N DJEEBBANA+ GUJINGALIA
28-O WAGEMAN+ GUNWINGGU 28-P ANINDILYAKWA
28-Q ALAWA+ GARYIMAR 28-R YANYUWA
28-S JINGILI+ WAMBAYA 28-T GARAWA+ WANJI
28-U MINGIN
Only 14 among 298 surviving outer-languages in zones 28=
and 29= (marked ) are likely to have totalled 1,000 or more
voices each in 1999: see note under geozone 29=.
Australia
(Northern Territory =N.T.;
Western Australia =W.A.;
Queensland)
3
28-A BAADI+ YAWURU set NYULNYULAN -majority of speakers in most or all surviving
communities of this set are bilingual, with primary fluency especially
among younger speakers - in [52] Australian creole and/or English
28-AA BAADI+ YAWURU
chain
28-AAA YAWURU net
28-AAA-a Yawuru Elliot lake Australia (W.A.) 1*
28-AAA-aa yawuru jauor, yauor, yauera, djauor Broome>SE. perhaps extinct Australia (W.A.)
28-AAB BAADI+ DYUGUN net
28-AAB-a Dyugun Broome>N. Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAB-aa dyugun dyuezun, jukun Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAB-b Dyaberdyaber Beagle Bay-S. coast Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAB-ba dyaberdyaber djaberadjaber Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAB-c Nyulnyul Beagle Bay coast Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAB-ca nyulnyul Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAB-d Baadi Beagle Bay-N. coast Australia (W.A.) 2
28-AAB-da baadi-A. bard, bardi Australia (W.A.) 2
28-AAB-db lombadina* Australia (W.A.)
28-AAB-e Djawi King Sound+ Brunswick Bay islands Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAB-ea djawi Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAB-f Nimanbur King Sound bay Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAB-fa nimanbur ninambur Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAC WARWA net
28-AAC-a Warwa Australia (W.A.) 1*
28-AAC-aa warwa warrawai perhaps extinct Australia (W.A.)
28-AAD NYIGINA net
28-AAD-a Nyigina Australia (W.A.) 1
28-AAD-aa nyigina nyikina, negena near extinction 1
28-B BUNABA+ GUNIANDI
set
BUNABAN -majority of speakers are bilingual, with primary fluency
in [52] Australian creole and/or English
28-BA BUNABA+ GUNIANDI
chain
28-BAA BUNABA+ GUNIANDI
net
28-BAA-a Guniandi Margaret River valley Australia (W.A.) 1
28-BAA-aa guniandi gooniyandi, gunian, kunian, kuniyan, guniyan, guniyn, kunan,
koneyandi, konejandi Fitzroy Crossing>E.
Australia (W.A.) 1
28-BAA-b Bunaba Hann Fitzroy valleys Australia (W.A.) 1
28-BAA-ba bunaba punapa, bunuba Fitzroy Crossing>NE. Australia (W.A.) 1
28-C WORORA+
NGARINYIN set
WORORAN -majority of speakers are bilingual, with primary fluency
in [52] Australian creole and/or English
28-CA WORORA+
NGARINYIN chain
28-CAA WORORA+
UNGGUMI net
28-CAA-a Worora "wororic" Collier bay Prince Regent valley Australia (W.A.) 2
28-CAA-aa worora worrorra, wurara Australia (W.A.) 2

28-CAA-b Unggumi Kimberley-NE. plateau Australia (W.A.) 2*
28-CAA-ba unggumi wongkami, wongkomi Australia (W.A.)
28-CAB WUNAMBAL+ MIWA
net
WUNAMBALIC
28-CAB-a Wunambal Prince Regent valley Kalumburu Australia (W.A.) 1
28-CAB-aa wunambal unambal, wumnabal, wunambullu, yeidji, yeithi, jeidji, jeithi #yeidji,
yeithi (etc.) =speech
Australia (W.A.) 1
28-CAB-b Gambera Admiralty Gulf bay Australia (W.A.) 1
28-CAB-ba gambera gambre, gamgre, guwan, kambera Australia (W.A.) 1
28-CAB-c Kunan Kalumburu Australia (W.A.) 1*
28-CAB-ca kunan kwini, gwini, gwiini, cuini, gunin, goonan Australia (W.A.)
28-CAB-d Miwa Drysdale valley Australia (W.A.) 1
28-CAB-da miwa bagu, baagu, pela Australia (W.A.)
28-CAC NGARINYIN+
WILAWILA net
UNGARINYINIC
28-CAC-a Wilawila Kimberley-N. plateau Australia (W.A.) 1
28-CAC-aa wilawila wila-wila Australia (W.A.) 1
28-CAC-b Wolyamidi Durack Kind lower valleys Australia (W.A.) 1*
28-CAC-ba wolyamidi woljamidi, yamandil Australia (W.A.)
28-CAC-c Ngarinyin Kimberley-C. plateau Australia (W.A.) 1
28-CAC-ca ngarinyin ungarinyin, ungarinjin Australia (W.A.) 1
28-CAC-d Guwidj Barnett mountain Australia (W.A.) 1*
28-CAC-da guwidj guidj Australia (W.A.)
28-D KITJA+ MIRIWUNG
set
DJERAGAN -majority of speakers in most or all communities of this
set are bilingual, with primary fluency especially among younger
speakers - in [52] Australian creole and/or English
28-DA KITJA+ MIRIWUNG
chain
28-DAA KITJA+ GULUWARIN KITJIC
28-DAA-a Kitja+ Lungga Hall's Creek Turkey Creek Australia (W.A.) 2
28-DAA-aa kitja kitja "proper", kija, gidja, kidja Australia (W.A.) 2
28-DAA-ab lungga loonga, lunga, lungar Durack Range mountains Australia (W.A.)
28-DAA-b Guluwarin Durack Range mountains Ord lower valley Australia (W.A.) 1*
28-DAA-ba guluwarin perhaps extinct Australia (W.A.)
28-DAB MIRIWUNG+
GADJERAWANG net
MIRIWUNGIC
28-DAB-a Miriwung Durack Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 1
28-DAB-aa miriwung mirung, merong, miriwun, miriwoong, djerag nearly extinct Australia (W.A.) 1
28-DAB-b Gadjerawang Victoria River-W. valley perhaps extinct (only 3 speakers in 1970's) Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 1*
28-DAB-ba gadjerawang gadjerong, kajirrawung, kadjeroen, kadjerong Australia (N.T.; W.A.)
28-E DJAMINDJUNG+
NUNGALI set
DJAMINDJUNGAN -majority of speakers in communities of this set
are plurilingual, in [29] Ngarinman & with primary fluency especially
28-EA DJAMINDJUNG+
NUNGALI chain
28-EAA DJAMINDJUNG+
NUNGALI net
28-EAA-a Djamindjung Victoria valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-EAA-aa djamindjung-A. jaminjung Victoria lower valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-EAA-ab ngaliwuru ngaliwerra Victoria upper valleys Australia (N.T.)
28-EAA-b Nungali Fitzmaurice Daly upper valleys Australia (N.T.) 1
28-EAA-ba nungali nunguli 1
28-F MURRINHPATHA+
NANGIOMERI* set
DALY-RIVER -majority of speakers in most or all surviving
communities are bilingual, with primary fluency especially among
younger speakers - in [52] Australian creole and/or English
28-FA MURRINHPATHA+
GARAMA chain
28-FAA MURRINHPATHA net
28-FAA-a Murrinhpatha+
Murrinhdiminin
Port Keats Australia (N.T.) 3*
28-FAA-aa murrinh-patha patha, murin-bada, murin-bata Australia (N.T.)
28-FAA-ab murrinh-kura kura Australia (N.T.)
28-FAA-ac murrinh-diminin diminin Australia (N.T.)
28-FAB GARAMA* net
28-FAB-a Garama Daly upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FAB-aa garama Katherine-SW. displaced to Delissatown Australia (N.T.) 1

1999 / 2000 edition
28-FB MARIMANINDJI+
WADJIGINY chain
'bringen'+ wagaydy
28-FBA MARIMANINDJI net "wider" 'bringen'
28-FBA-a Marimanindji Daly valley>S. Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-aa mari-manindji manindji, mara-marandji, mara-manandji, mari-manindu, murin-
manindji Muldiva upper valley-W.
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-b Marithiel Daly-C. valley. displaced to Roper River Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-ba mari-thiel-A. thiel, maridhiyel, marithiyel, marrithiyel, maridhiel, 'bringen', 'brinken',
'berinken', 'berringen' #bringen =stranger, bushman
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-bb nganygit Australia (N.T.)
28-FBA-bc mare-ammu ammu Australia (N.T.)
28-FBA-c Magadige Anson Bay hinterland Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-ca maga-dige dige Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-d Maridjabin Anson Bay hinterland: Darwin>SW. Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-da mari-djabin djabin, mare-tyabin, mari-dyerbin, mare-dyerbin Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-e Maringarr+
Maranunggu
Moyle-S. valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-ea mari-ngarr ngarr, marenggar, maringa Moyle-S. valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-eb mara-nunggu* nunngu, marranunga, maramanunggu Anson Bay hinterland Australia (N.T.)
28-FBA-f Maridan Moyle-N. valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-fa mari-dan dan, meradan Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-g Mariyedi Anson hinterland Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBA-ga mari-yedi yedi Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBB WADJIGINY+ GIYUG*
net
WAGAYDY
28-FBB-a Wadjiginy+ Ami Peron island Finniss valley nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBB-aa wadjiginy djiginy, wogait, wogaity, wagaydy Peron island Finniss valley Australia (N.T.)
28-FBB-ab kuwama pungupungu, pungupunga Muldiva river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBB-ac ami ame, amijangal Anson bay Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBB-ad manda Anson-SW. bay Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FBB-b Giyug* Peron island Australia (N.T.) 0
28-FBB-ba giyug giuk extinct Australia (N.T.) 0
28-FC NANGIOMERI+
TYEMERI chain
MOIL
28-FCA NANGIOMERI+
TYEMERI net
-bilingual in [52] Australian creole and/or English
28-FCA-a Nangiomeri+ Tyemeri Moyle Flora valleys Australia (N.T.) 2
28-FCA-aa nangio-meri ngenkiwu-merri, nangumiri, angomerry, nangimera, ngangomori,
ngenomeri, ngengomeri, marewumiri, mariwumeri, perhaps including
ngan'gitjemerri Flora+ Daly confluence displaced to Daly River
Station+ Tipperary Station
Australia (N.T.) 2
28-FCA-ab nangi-kurrunggurr ngenkikurrunggur, ngangikarangurr, ngankikurrunkurr,
nangikurunggurr Flora+ Daly confluence
Australia (N.T.) 2
28-FCA-ac tye-meri moil "proper" Moyle valley displaced to Bathurst Island Station+
Tipperary Station
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FD MALAG+ MADNGELE
chain
28-FDA MALAG+ MADNGELE
net
DALY, malag-malag
28-FDA-a Madngele Daly valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FDA-aa madngele-A. matngala, warat, madngela, maangella, mandella, muttangulla Daly-
S. valley: Muldiva-W. valley
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FDA-ab yunggor junggor, yungor Daly lower valley: Hermit Hill extinct Australia (N.T.) 0
28-FDA-ac kamu gamor Daly-E. valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FDA-b Malag Daly valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FDA-ba malag-malag mullukmulluk, malakmalak, ngolak-wonga, ngulu-wongga Daly-N.
valley
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-FDA-bb tyaraity dyeraidy, daktjerat, tjerait, djeradj Reynold river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 1
28-G KUNGARAKANY set "gungaraganyan"
28-GA KUNGARAKANY
chain

28-GAA KUNGARAKANY net
28-GAA-a Kungarakany Finniss valley Australia (N.T.) 0
28-GAA-aa kungarakany gungaragan, gungaragany, gunerakan, kangarraga, kungarakan
Darwin>S.: Darwin river Rum Jungle extinct; last speaker died in
1989
Australia (N.T.) 0

28-H LARAGIA+ WULNA
set
LARAGIYAN
28-HA WULNA chain
28-HAA WULNA net
28-HAA-a Wulna Adelaide river-mouth right-bank Australia (N.T.) 0*
28-HAA-aa wulna oola-wunga, wolna, wia-william extinct Australia (N.T.)
28-HB LARAGIA chain
28-HBA LARAGIA net
28-HBA-a Laragia Darwin>E. bilingual in [52] English Australia (N.T.) 1
28-HBA-aa laragia larakia, larakiya, laragiya, woolsoongah Australia (N.T.) 1
28-I TIWI set TIWIAN
28-IA TIWI chain
28-IAA TIWI net
28-IAA-a Tiwi Bathurst+ Melville islands: Nguiu speakers are bilingual, with
primary fluency especially among younger speakers - in [52] English
Australia (N.T.) 3
28-IAA-aa tiwi nguiu, ngiu, wunguk, wunuk, yeimbi Australia (N.T.) 3
28-J UMBUGARLA+
BUGUNIDJA*
notional set
ADELEIDE-RIVERS a notional set (and chain), comprising a
geographic cluster of unclassified or uncertainly classified languages in
Northern Arnhem Land $majority of speakers in most or all surviving
communities within this notional set are bilingual, with primary fluency
especially among younger speakers - in [52] Australian creole and/or
English
28-JA UMBUGARLA+
BUGUNIDJA chain
28-JAA LIMILNGAN* net
28-JAA-a Limilngan-A. Mary lower valley West Alligator Australia (N.T.) 1*
28-JAA-aa limilngan-A. limilngan "proper", lemil, norweilimil perhaps extinct Australia (N.T.)
28-JAA-b Buneidja* South Alligator Jimjim headwaters Australia (N.T.) 0*
28-JAA-ba buneidja banidja, minitji, minnitji, manadja, peneitja, punaka extinct Australia (N.T.)
28-JAB UMBUGARLA* net
28-JAB-a Umbugarla Mary upper valley South Alligator valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-JAB-aa umbugarla mbakarla nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1
28-JAC NGURMBUR* net
28-JAC-a Ngurmbur West Alligator South Alligator valleys Australia (N.T.) 1
28-JAC-aa ngurmbur ngormbur, gnormbur, gnumbu, koarnbut, ngumbur, oormbur nearly
extinct
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-JAD BUGUNIDJA* net
28-JAD-a Bugunidja South Alligator Jimjim headwaters 1
28-JAD-aa bugunidja bugongidja nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1
28-JAE NGARDUK* net
28-JAE-a Ngarduk Field island West Alligator+ South Alligator river-mouths Australia (N.T.) 1
28-JAE-aa ngarduk ngardog nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1
28-K GAGADU set "gagudjuan"
28-KA GAGADU chain
28-KAA GAGADU net
28-KAA-a Gagadu South Alligator East Alligator valleys Australia (N.T.) 0
28-KAA-aa gagadu gagudju, kakdjuan, kakdju, kakadu, abdedal, abiddul, kakakta
extinct
Australia (N.T.) 0
28-L ERRE+ MANGERR
set
MANGERRIAN
28-LA ERRE+ MANGERR
chain
28-LAA ERRE+ MANGERR
net
28-LAA-a Ere+ Urningangg "urninganggic" East Alligator valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-LAA-aa erre ere, ari East Alligator lower valley (Oenpelli>W. ): Red Lily last
speaker alive around 1980
Australia (N.T.) 0*
28-LAA-ab urningangg uningangk, wuningak East Alligator upper valley a few speakers
alive around 1980 $bilingual in [52] Australian creole and/or English
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-LAA-b Mangerr mengerrdji, mangerei, mennagi, mangeri East Alligator lower valley Australia (N.T.) 0*
28-LAA-ba mangerr mengerrdji, mangerei, mennagi, mangeri Oenpelli environs last
speaker alive around 1980
Australia (N.T.) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
28-M IWAIDJA+ AMARAG
set
YIWAIDJAN $majority of speakers in most or all communities of this
28-MA AMARAG chain "amaragic"
28-MAA AMARAG net
28-MAA-a Amarag "amaragic" Cooper's Creek valley Australia (N.T.) 1*
28-MAA-aa amarag amadak, mamurug, monobar, wureidbug, amurag, ngamurag, umonju,
umoriu Oenpelli>N.: Goulburn island a few elderly alternate
language speakers before 1980; perhaps now extinct
Australia (N.T.) 1*
28-MB IWAIDJA+ MAUNG
chain
"yiwaidjic"
28-MBA MAUNG net
28-MBA-a Maung Goulbourn island Arnhem Land-N. coast Australia (N.T.) 2
28-MBA-aa maung gunmarung, managari, mau, marung, men-ngai Australia (N.T.) 2
28-MBB IWAIDJA+ GARIG net
28-MBB-a Iwaidja+ Garig Cobourg peninsula Croker island Australia (N.T.) 2
28-MBB-aa iwaidja iwaidji, yiwaidja, ibadjo, eiwaja, jiwadja, limba-karadjee, unalla,
yiwadja, uwaidja, idjduwa Cobourg peninsula Croker island
Australia (N.T.) 2
28-MBB-ab oidbi* heutbi, oitbi Australia (N.T.)
28-MBB-ac bijnalumbo* Australia (N.T.)
28-MBB-ad garig garik, gari, manduwid, ngadalwuli Cobourg peninsula Australia (N.T.) 1
28-MC MARGU chain
28-MCA MARGU net
28-MCA-a Margu Croker island Australia (N.T.)` 1
28-MCA-aa margu ajokoot, jaako, terutong, yaako, yako nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1
28-N DJEEBBANA+
GUJINGALIA set
BURARRAN $majority of speakers in most or all communities in this
28-NA DJEEBBANA chain
28-NAA DJEEBBANA net
28-NAA-a Djeebbana Liverpool-E. river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 2
28-NAA-aa n-djeebbana ndjebbana, djapena, gidja, gidiya, jibidji, witchi, -navidji, gunavidji
community, including: behribmej Maningrida
Australia (N.T.) 2
28-NB NAKARA chain
28-NBA NAKARA net
28-NBA-a Nakara Boucaut bay Australia (N.T.) 1
28-NBA-aa nakara kokori, nagara, nakkara nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1
28-NC GUJINGALIA+
GURAGONE chain
28-NCA GUJINGALIA net
28-NCA-a Gujingalia jingalia #gu-jingalia=that of the language Boucaut-S. bay Australia (N.T.) 2
28-NCA-aa burarra burada, bureda, burera, barera, bawera, jikai, tchikai Maningrida Australia (N.T.)
28-NCA-ab gu-naidbe naidbe, gunardba, kun-nartpi, kun-nardi, an-padi, anbarda, gu'adba,
mugali
#an-padi =river-mouth Cadell Blyth river-mouth
Australia (N.T.)
28-NCA-ac gu-djalavia djalavia, ku-jarlapiyi, gujalabiya Australia (N.T.)
28-NCB GURAGONE net
28-NCB-a Guragone Mann valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-NCB-aa gu-ragone ragone, gurrogone, gorogone, gun-guragone, gungorogone,
gunagoragone, gutjertabia nearly extinct
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-O WAGEMAN+
GUNWINGGU set
GUNWINGGUAN $majority of speakers in most or all surviving
communities in this set are bilingual, with primary fluency especially
28-OA WARAY chain "warayan" perhaps to be classified as a separate set
28-OAA WARAY net
28-OAA-a Waray Adelaide upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OAA-aa waray warrai, arwur, awarai, awarra 4 speakers around 1980 Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OB WAGEMAN+
WARDAMAN chain
YANGMANIC
28-OBA WAGEMAN net
28-OBA-a Wageman Pine Creek-S. Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OBA-aa wage-man wogeman, wagiman, wagaman Australia (N.T.) 1

28-OBB YANGMAN+
DAGOMAN net
nolgin
28-OBB-a Yangman+ Dagoman Daly Katherine valleys Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OBB-aa dago-man tagoman, dogeman Daly Katherine valleys Australia (N.T.)
28-OBB-ab yang-man jungman, yungmun, yungmunni, jongman, nolgin Elsey Creek
Katherine
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OBC WARDAMAN net
28-OBC-a Wardaman Daly upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OBC-aa warda-man wadaman, waderman, waduman, warda'man, warduman, wartaman,
wardman, wordaman, yibwan, yibiwan
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OC DJAUAN chain "djauanic"
28-OCA DJAUAN net
28-OCA-a Djauan Katherine>NE. Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OCA-aa djauan jawan, adowen, kumertuo, jawony Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OD GUNWINGGU+
KUNBARLANG* chain
"gunwinggic"
28-ODA BOUN+ NGALKBUN
net
bi
28-ODA-a Boun Phelp Rose Hart headwaters Australia (N.T.) 1*
28-ODA-aa boun bouin, buin, buan, buwan Australia (N.T.)
28-ODA-b Ngalkbun+ Ngalagan nalabon, bigur Elsey Roper River Australia (N.T.) 2
28-ODA-ba ngalk-bun ngalkbon, ngalabon, ngalgbon, njalkpon Australia (N.T.) 2
28-ODA-bb dala-bon Australia (N.T.)
28-ODA-bc ngala-gan ngalakan, ngalangan, nullakun, nullikan, nullikin, hongalla Roper
River-S.
Australia (N.T.)
28-ODA-bd gundang-bon dangbon Australia (N.T.)
28-ODB GUNWINGGU net
28-ODB-a Gunwinggu gunwinghu, gunwingo, gunawitji, kunwinjku, "binin" Australia (N.T.) 2
28-ODB-aa gumadir goomadeer Goomadeer upper valley displaced to Oenpelli Australia (N.T.)
28-ODB-ab muralid-ban Liverpool valley Australia (N.T.)
28-ODB-ac gunei Australia (N.T.)
28-ODB-ad gundjeipme Australia (N.T.)
28-ODB-ae maiali mayali, naiali, gunmawurrk Tomlinson Creek displaced to
Maningrida
Australia (N.T.)
28-ODC KUNBARLANG net
28-ODC-a Kunbarlang Liverpool-W. river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 1
28-ODC-aa kunbarlang gunbalang, walang, warlang, gungalang, "gidimarg" Maningrida
coast Croker+ Goulbourn islands
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OE REMBARUNGA chain "rembargic"
28-OEA REMBARUNGA net
28-OEA-a Rembarunga Mann valley Cadell+ Wilton headwaters Australia (N.T.) 2
28-OEA-aa rembarunga rembarranga, rembarrnga, rainbargo, rembarn-ngu, ranjbarngu
displaced to Roper River Maningrida Minoru Mountain Valley
Australia (N.T.) 2
28-OF MANGARAYI chain "mangarayic"
28-OFA MANGARAYI net
28-OFA-a Mangarayi Roper middle+ H. valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OFA-aa mangarayi mungerry, mangarai, manggarai, mungarai MatarankaElsey Station Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OG NGANDI chain "ngandic"
28-OGA NGANDI net
28-OGA-a Ngandi Wilton upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OGA-aa ngandi nagandji Australia (N.T.) 1
28-OH NUNGGUBUYU chain "nunggubuan"
28-OHA NUNGGUBUYU net
28-OHA-a Nunggubuyu Rose valley Australia (N.T.) 2
28-OHA-aa nunggubuyu nunggubuju displaced to Rose River Mission Bickerton island Australia (N.T.) 2
28-P ANINDILYAKWA set
28-PA ANINDILYAKWA
chain
28-PAA ANINDILYAKWA net
28-PAA-a Anindilyakwa Groote Eylandt island Rose River Mission $majority of speakers
are bilingual, with primary fluency especially among younger
speakers - in [52] English
Australia (N.T.) 3
28-PAA-aa anindilyakwa andiljangwa, andilyaugwa, enindiljaugwa, ingura, wanindilyaugwa,
enindhilyagwa, "groote-eylandt" Groote Eylandt island
Australia (N.T.) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
28-Q ALAWA+ GARYIMAR
set
$majority of speakers of languages in this set are bilingual, with
primary fluency especially among younger speakers - in [52]
Australian creole and/or English
28-QA ALAWA chain "maran"
28-QAA ALAWA net
28-QAA-a Alawa Roper River Hodgson Downs Australia (N.T.) 1
28-QAA-aa alawa kalawa, allaua, allowiri, kallana, leealowa Australia (N.T.) 1
28-QB GARYIMAR+
WANDARANG chain

28-QBA WANDARANG net
28-QBA-a Wandarang Roper river Australia (N.T.) 0
28-QBA-aa wandarang wandaran, warndarang, 'nawariyi' extinct +submerged by [52]
Australian creole
Australia (N.T.) 0
28-QBB GARIYIMAR net
28-QBB-a Gariyimar Roper river Australia (N.T.) 1
28-QBB-aa mara leelalwarra, leelawarra, mala, marra Roper Rose valleys Australia (N.T.) 1
28-QBB-ab jugul yookala, yukul Urapunga Australia (N.T.) 1
28-R YANYUWA set
28-RA YANYUWA chain
28-RAA YANYUWA net
28-RAA-a Yanyuwa Borroloola Doomadgee Mission Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 1
28-RAA-aa yanyuwa yanyula, janjula, anyula, wadiri, yanula, aniula, anula, leeanuwa Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 1
28-S JINGILI+ WAMBAYA
set
28-SA JINGILI chain
28-SAA JINGILI net
28-SAA-a Jingili Ashburton Range massif Australia (N.T.) 1
28-SAA-aa jingili djingili, jingali, tjingilu, chingalee, djingila, lee, chunguloo, tchingalee,
jingulu Newcastle Waters
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-SB WAMBAYA+
NGARNDJI chain
28-SBA NGARNDJI net
28-SBA-a Ngarndji Ashburton Range massif Australia (N.T.) 1
28-SBA-aa ngarndji Woods-NE. lake Australia (N.T.) 1
28-SBB WAMBAYA+
GUDANDJI net
28-SBB-a Wambaya+ Gudandji Ashburton Range massif Barkly Tableland-N. plateau Australia (N.T.) 1
28-SBB-aa wambaya wambaia, wambaja, wombya, umbaia, yumpia Woods-E. lake
Limmen Bight+ McArthur headwaters
Australia (N.T.)
28-SBB-ab binbinga binga-binga, leepitbinga McArthur upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1
28-SBB-ac gudandji kutandji, ngandji, kurandji, anjee, gnanji, goarango, godangee, gurandji
McArthur headwaters Anthony Lagoon
Australia (N.T.) 1
28-T GARAWA+ WANJI set GARAWAN
28-TA GARAWA+ WANJI
chain
28-TAA GARAWA+ WANJI
net
28-TAA-a Garawa+ Wanji Barkly Tableland-C. plateau Australia (N.T.) 2
28-TAA-aa garawa karawa, karwa, korrawa, leearrawa Nicholson upper McArthur
upper valleys
Australia (N.T.) 2
28-TAA-ab wanji wainyi, waanyi Nicholson upper Lawn Hill Creek upper valleys
Alexandria
Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 1
28-U MINGIN set
28-UA MINGIN chain
28-UAA MINGIN net
28-UAA-a Mingin Albert valley Australia (Queensland) 0
28-UAA-aa mingin minkin, minikin, myngeen Burketown-S. Australia (Queensland) 0

29= TRANS-
AUSTRALIA
geozone
covers the "Transaustralia" reference area, composed of the
"Pama-Nyungan" hypothesis (sets 29-A to 29-X, within the
wider "Australian" hypothesis) plus the "Tasmanian" notional
set of extinct languages (29-Y); together comprising a total of
25 sets of languages (213 outer languages) spoken or
formerly spoken by small hunter-gatherer communities,
originally occupying the whole of Australia and Tasmania
(except the far-north, covered by geozone 28=):
29-A DJAMBARR+ DJINANG 29-B WARLPIRI+ PITJANTJA
29-C ARABANA+ YARLI 29-D MURUWARI
29-E BAAGANDJI+ MARAWARA* 29-F NGARINYERI+ YITHAYITHA
29-G WUURONG+ KOLAKNGAT 29-H NULIT+ THANG
29-I DHUDOROA 29-J PALLANGAN-MIDDANG
29-K YOTA+ YABULA 29-L WIRADHURI+ GAMILA
29-M THAWA+ WORIMI 29-N GUMBAYNGGIR+ YAYGIR
29-O BANDJALANG+ YUGUM 29-P YAGARA+GOWAR
29-Q WAGA+ GABI 29-R MARGANY+ MUNGKAN
29-S GALIBAMU 29-T LARDIL+ JAKULA
29-U KALKUTUNG+ YALARNNGA 29-V WAGAYA+ WARLUWARA
29-W WARUMUNGU 29-X ARANDA+ GAIDIDJ
29-Y MARRAWAH+ KAOOTA*
The scantily documented languages of Tasmania (29-Y) were
effectively extinct before 1900, and this set is therefore
excluded from totals of languages spoken during the 20
th
cent.
The Australian mainland languages covered by phylozone 29=
(sets 29-A to 29-X) account for approximately one third of all
outer languages which have become extinct throughout the
world during the 20th century. This destruction of indigenous
speech-communities has resulted from the occupation and
ethnic-clearance of their traditional space, primarily by sea-
borne speakers of [52] English.
Traditional speech communities in Australia were always
small, and only 14 among 298 surviving outer-languages in
zones 28= and 29= (marked in column 2) are likely to have
totalled 1,000 or more voices each in the year 1999. The
intensified study, development and teaching of those
languages would appear to be an educational, scientific and
cultural priority in the 21
st
century.
Most surviving speech-communities of this zone are bilingual,
with primary fluency especially among younger speakers - in
[52] Australian creole and/or English.
Australia
(Northern Territory =N.T.;
Western Australia =W.A.;
South Australia =S.A.;
New South Wales =N.S.W.;
Australian Capital Territory =A.C.T.;
Victoria; Queensland; Tasmania)
4
29-A DJAMBARR+
DJINANG set
yuulngu, wulamba, murngin #suffix -bingu, -bwingu, -buyngu, -pingu, -
puyngo, etc. =people, community
29-AA DJAMBARR+
DJINANG chain
several speech-communities comprise two "moieties" or "half-
communities", speaking different but closely related languages
29-AAA DJINBA+ GANAL net
29-AAA-a Djinba+ Ganal Australia (N.T.) 1
29-AAA-aa djinba jinba, jimba, outjanbah Goyder upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1
29-AAA-aaa garumba garumba clan (N.T.) 1
29-AAA-aab gurgamarabia kurkamarabia clan (N.T.) 1
29-AAA-ab ganal-bingu ganal-bwingu, ganal-buyngu, gunal-bwingo Milingimbi Mirrngadja
#ganal-bingu =cane-community
Australia (N.T.) 1
29-AAA-ac dabi Australia (N.T.) 1
29-AAA-ad mandjal-pingu Australia (N.T.)
29-AAB DJINANG+
MANYARRING net
29-AAB-a Djinang+ Manyarring Ramingining Goyder Blyth valleys Australia (N.T.) 2
29-AAB-aa djinang jinang, djinhang, jandijinung, yandjinang Goyder Blyth valleys Australia (N.T.)
29-AAB-aaa gurgamul-mul kurgamul-mul clan (N.T.)
29-AAB-aab mildjingi mildjingi clan (N.T.)
29-AAB-ab djadiwitjibi jadiwitjibi Australia (N.T.)
29-AAB-ac wulaki Australia (N.T.)
29-AAB-ad balurbi Australia (N.T.)
29-AAB-ae murrungun Australia (N.T.)
29-AAB-af manyarring Australia (N.T.)

1999 / 2000 edition
29-AAC JARNANGO net
29-AAC-a Jarnango Crocodile-W. islands Maningrida+ Milingimbi Australia (N.T.) 1
29-AAC-aa jarnango-A. jarnango "proper", yan-nhangu, nangu, yanangu #yan-nhangu
=language this
Australia (N.T.)
29-AAC-ab garmalangga kamalanga, kumalungga, kokolango, kokolanga-mala Australia (N.T.)
29-AAC-ac gurjindi Australia (N.T.)
29-AAD DHANGU+ DJANGU
net
29-AAD-a Dhangu dangu, dhangu'mi Elcho island $bilingual in [29] Djambarr-puyngu Australia (N.T.) 2
29-AAD-aa galpu gaalpu, galbu, kalbu language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)
29-AAD-ab wan'guri wangurri, wonguri language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.)
29-AAD-ac ngaymil ngeimil, negeimil, ngayimil language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)
29-AAD-ad golumala gulumala, gujula, gwola, gwolamala, gwiyula language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)
29-AAD-b Ngatang-Thundami Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 1*
29-AAD-ba rirratjingu riraidjango language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)
29-AAD-bb lamami language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.)
29-AAD-c Djangu jangu Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 1
29-AAD-ca warra-miri language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.)
29-AAD-cb mandatja manatja, manaidja language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 1
29-AAE DJAMBARR+ GUPA*
net
'dhuwal+ dhuwala' component idioms and extinct idioms to be re-
assessed (to a total of up to 45)
29-AAE-a Gupa+ Gumatj 'dhuwala' language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 3
29-AAE-aa gupa-puyngu 'dhuwala'-W. Milingimbi Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 3*
29-AAE-aaa gupa-puyngu-A. goba-bingo, guba-bwingu Milingimbi Elcho island (N.T.) 2
29-AAE-aab gwijamil guya-mirri-lili, kwiyamil Elcho island (N.T.)
29-AAE-aac munyuku (N.T.)
29-AAE-aad walangu (N.T.)
29-AAE-ab wubulkarra 'dhuwala'-N., wobulgarra, obulgara Howard island Australia (N.T.) 0
29-AAE-ac gumatj 'dhuwala'-E. Australia (N.T.)
29-AAE-aca gumatj-A. gomadj, gumait, gumaj, kainyo, kumait, kumatj (N.T.) 2
29-AAE-acb manga-lili mangga-lili (N.T.)
29-AAE-acc mugarganal-miri makarr-wanhal-mirri Yirrkala (N.T.)
29-AAE-ad madarrpa 'dhuwala'-S. Australia (N.T.)
29-AAE-b Djambarr+ Datiwuy 'dhuwal' language of moiety "2" Elcho island Roper River Australia (N.T.) 3
29-AAE-ba djambarr-puyngu 'dhuwal'-W. Australia (N.T.) 3
29-AAE-baa djambarr-puyngu-A. djambarr-puyngu "proper", jambarr-puyngu, djambar-bwingu, jamba-
puing, jamba-puingo Elcho island
(N.T.) 2
29-AAE-bab djambarr-puyngu-V. "vehicular" djambarr-puyngu (N.T.) 3
29-AAE-bac liyagawu-mirr liagojo-mir, leyagawu-mirr clan Elcho island (N.T.)
29-AAE-bad liyagalawu-mirr liagalawu-mirr, leyagalawu-mirr clan Milingimbi (N.T.) 2
29-AAE-bb marrangu 'dhuwal'-N., marangu Elcho island Australia (N.T.)
29-AAE-bc datiwuy 'dhuwal'-E., dadiwi Elcho island Australia (N.T.)
29-AAE-bd dhuwal-S. 'dhuwal'-S. Australia (N.T.) 2
29-AAE-bda dhuwal-A. dhuwal "proper", duala, dual, wulamba, (N.T.)
29-AAE-bdb marrakulu (N.T.)
29-AAE-bdc djapu (N.T.)
29-AAE-bdd dha-puyngu daboingu (N.T.)
29-AAF DHAY'YI net
29-AAF-a Dhay'yi dayi, dha'i, dai, taii Roper River-N. Australia (N.T.) 2
29-AAF-aa dhalwangu dalwangu language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.)
29-AAF-ab djarrwark djarlwag, djawak language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)
29-AAG DHIYAKUY net
29-AAG-a Dhiyakuy Australia (N.T.) 2
29-AAG-aa ritarungo ritarnugu, ritharngu, ritharrngu, ridarngo language of moiety "2"
Goyder Walker headwaters
Australia (N.T.)
29-AAG-ab wagelak wawilag, wagilak language of moiety "2" Rose valley Australia (N.T.)
29-AAG-ac manggurra* language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)
29-B WARLPIRI+
PITJANTJA set
AUSTRALIAN-SW., pama+ nyungan-SW.
29-BA WARLPIRI+ NGARDI
chain
NGARGA
29-BAA WARLPIRI+ NGARDI
net
29-BAA-a Warlpiri Yuendumu Lajamanu Australia (N.T.) 3
29-BAA-aa warl-piri walbiri, elpira, ilpara, wailbri, walpiri, wolperi Australia (N.T.) 3

29-BAA-b Warlmanpa Leichardt mountain Australia (N.T.) 1
29-BAA-ba warl-manpa walmala, walmanba Australia (N.T.) 1
29-BAA-c Ngardi Haast Bluff Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 1*
29-BAA-ca ngardi Australia (N.T.; W.A.)
29-BAA-d Ngalia-N. Stuart Bluff Range mountains distinct from [29] Ngalia-S. Australia (N.T.) 1*
29-BAA-da ngalia-N. Australia (N.T.)
29-BB WALMATJARRI+
GURINDJI chain
NGUMBIN
29-BBA MUDBURA net
29-BBA-a Mudbura Victoria upper river-basin Barkly Tablelands plateau Australia (N.T.) 1
29-BBA-aa mudbura mudburra Australia (N.T.) 1
29-BBB NGARINMAN+
BILINARA net
29-BBB-a Ngarinman Victoria upper valley Australia (N.T.) 2
29-BBB-aa ngarinman airiman, hainman, ngaiman, ngrarmun Jasper Creek Australia (N.T.) 2
29-BBB-b Bilinara* bunara, bulinara, plinara, bijanara Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 1*
29-BBB-ba bilinara-N. Moray Range mountains Australia (N.T.)
29-BBB-bb bilinara-S. Sturt Creek Gregory lake Australia (W.A.)
29-BBC GURINDJI+
MALNGIN net
29-BBC-a Gurindji gurinji Victoria upper valley Wave Hill Australia (N.T.) 2
29-BBC-aa gurindji-E. Australia (N.T.)
29-BBC-ab gurindji-W. Australia (N.T.)
29-BBC-b Malngin Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 1*
29-BBC-ba malngin Argyle lake >SE. Australia (N.T.; W.A.)
29-BBC-c Wanyjirra Australia (N.T.) 1*
29-BBC-ca wanyjirra Hooker Creek>NW. Australia (N.T.)
29-BBD DJARU+ NYININY net
29-BBD-a Djaru Kimberley-S. plateau Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BBD-aa djaru-A. jaru, jaroo, tjaru Hall's Creek Ringer's Soak Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BBD-ab nyininy nyini Fitzroy Margaret Ord valleys Australia (W.A.)
29-BBE WALMATJARRI net
29-BBE-a Wal-Matjarri Fitzroy valley Gregory lake Australia (W.A.) 3
29-BBE-aa wal-matjarri-A. walmajarri, walmatjari, walmatjiri, walmajiri, wolmeri, wulumari Australia (W.A.) 3
29-BBE-ab djuwarliny juwarliny, juwaliny, tjiwarli, wal-majarri-W. Australia (W.A.)
29-BC NYANGUMARTA+
MANGALA chain
MAMGU
29-BCA NYANGUMARTA+
MANGALA net
29-BCA-a Mangala Edgar Range mountains Jurgurra Creek valley Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BCA-aa mangala mangalaa, mangarla, manala, minala, djawali, djuwali, jiwali, koalgurdi,
yalmbau
Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BCA-b Karajeri Roebuck bay Edgar Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BCA-ba karajeri karadjeri, karajarri, karrajarra, garadjiri, garadyari, guradjara, gard'are Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BCA-c Nyangumarta nyangumarda, nyangumata Port Hedland Marble Bar; Keraudren
cape Eighty Mile Beach coast: Anna Plains
Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BCA-ca nyangumarta nyangumarda, nyangumata Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BD NGARLA+
BAYUNGU chain
29-BDA NGARLA+ NYAMAL
net
part of "inland" ngayarda
29-BDA-a Ngarla De Grey river-mouth Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDA-aa ngarla ngarla-N., gnalla, ngirla, wanbarda Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDA-b Nyamal De Grey river-mouth Shaw+ Nullagine headwaters Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDA-ba nyamal gnamo, namel, njamal, njamarl, nyamel Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDA-c Panytyima Tom Price-E. Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDA-ca panytyima pandjima-N., bandjima, panjima, panyjima, banjima Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDA-d Ngarla-Wangga Opthalmia Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 1*
29-BDA-da ngarla-wangga pandjima-S., ngarla-S. Australia (W.A.)
29-BDB NGARLUMA+
NHUWALA net
"coastal" ngayarda, ngayarda-W.
29-BDB-a Kariyarra Turner Yule valleys Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BDB-aa kariyarra kariera, karriara, gariera Port Hedland-SW. Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BDB-b Ngarluma Roebourne-S. coast Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDB-ba ngarluma ngaluma, gnalouma, gnalluma, ngallooma Australia (W.A.) 1

1999 / 2000 edition
29-BDB-c Martuyhunira Dampier-SW. coast Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDB-ca martuyhunira mardudunera, maratunia Fortescue river-mouth Cane valley Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDB-d Nhuwala Barrow Monte Bello islands; Onslow coast: Ashburton+ Cane river-
mouths Parry Range mountains
Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDB-da nhuwala noala, ngoala Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDC YINDJIBARNDI+
KURRAMA net
part of "inland" ngayarda, ngayarda-C.
29-BDC-a Yindjibarndi Roebourne-S. coast Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BDC-aa yindjibarndi jindjibandi, injibandi, ingibandi Fortescue Yule valleys Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BDC-b Kurrama Fortescue valley: Millstream upstream Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDC-ba kurrama kurama, gurama, karama, korama Pannawonica-SE. Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDC-c Tjurruru Tom Price-SW Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BDC-ca tjurruru tjuroro Hardey valley Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BDC-d Yinhawangga Hammersley Range-S. mountains Australia (W.A.) 1*
29-BDC-da yinha-wangga yina-wongga Australia (W.A.)
29-BDD BAYUNGU+ JIWARLI
net
KANYARA
29-BDD-a Dhalandji Exmouth Gulf bay Ashburton middle valley Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDD-aa dhalandji talandji, dalandji, dalendi, djalendi, tallainga, talandi, talaindji, talangee Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDD-b Bayungu Lyndon lower Minilya valleys Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDD-ba bayungu baiong, baiung, bajungu, giong, mulgarnoo, pajungu Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDD-c Burduna Henry Lyndon upper valleys Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDD-ca burduna buduna, boordoona, budina, budoona, purduna, pinnee-gooroo,
poodena, poordoona, purduma
Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDD-d Pinigura Duck Creek valley Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDD-da pinigura binigura Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDD-e Thargari part of manthartha, mantharda Kennedy Range mountains: Lyons
lower Minilya upper valleys
Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BDD-ea thargari dhargari, dargari, dal'gari, targari, tarkarri Australia (W.A.)
29-BDD-f Thiinma part of manthartha, mantharda Kennedy Range mountains: Henry
headwaters Frederick valley
Australia (W.A.) 1*
29-BDD-fa thiin-ma dhiin, denma, tenma, teenma Australia (W.A.)
29-BDD-g Jiwarli part of manthartha, mantharda Capricorn Range-N. mountains:
Ashburton middle valley Hardey valley
Australia (W.A.) 1*
29-BDD-ga jiwarli djiwarli, djwarli, djiwali, tjiwarli, guwari, jivali, jwarli, juwali, kuwari Australia (W.A.)
29-BDD-h Wari-Wonga part of manthartha, mantharda Mount Augustus-SE. mountain: Lyons
upper Gascoyne middle valleys
Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BDD-ha wari-wonga wari-yangga, warriyangka, warienga Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BE YINGGARDA+
NHANDA chain
KARDU
29-BEA YINGGARDA+
NHANDA net
29-BEA-a Yinggarda+ Malgana* SHARK-BAY Shark Bay bay Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BEA-aa maya maia, maja, miah Minilya Gascogne valleys Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BEA-ab yinggarda inggarda, ingara, ingarda, ingarra, ingarrah, inparra, jinggarda,
kakarakala Gascogne Wooramel valleys
Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BEA-ac malgana maljanna, maldjana, malkana Wooramel lower valley Hamelin Pool Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BEA-ad buluguda Peron peninsula Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BEA-ae tamala Edel Land peninsula Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BEA-b Nhanda+ Watjandi* MURCHISON Murchison valley Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BEA-ba watjandi wadjandi, watjanmay, opee Murchison-N. river-mouth Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BEA-bb nhanda nanda; eau, eaw, jaw, nanda-tharia, ngoogooja Murchison left-bank Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BEA-bc bulinya Murchison-S. valley Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BF NYUNGA+ WATJARI
chain
29-BFA WATJARI+ BADIMAY
net
29-BFA-a Watjari+ Badimay Mount Magnet Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BFA-aa watjari watjarri, wadjari, wadjeri, jaburu, waian-wanga, yabbaroo Murchison-
S. valley; displaced to Mullewa
Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BFA-ab wirdi-may* Mount Magnet-W. Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFA-ac badi-may badi, bardi-maya, padi-maia, pati-may, puditjarra Mount Magnet
Yalgoo Payne's Find
Australia (W.A.) 0

29-BFB NYUNGA net
29-BFB-a Nyunga nyungar, noonga, noongar +submerged by [52] Neo-Nyunga
Dongara+ Esperance
Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFB-aa pipel-man pipel-men, meera-man, people-man Perth-S. Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFB-ab nanakarti nanakati Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFB-ac watjan-may watjan Deborah lakes Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFB-ad tjapan-may tjapan Cowcowing lakes Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFB-ae karla-may karla Barker Percy lakes Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFB-af ngatju-may ngatju Hope lake Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFB-ag kwetj-man Magenta lake Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFB-ah mirnong Pallinuo valley Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFB-ai kaniyang Blackwood valley Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFC KALARKO+
MIRNING net
29-BFC-a Kalarko+ Wudjari 1
29-BFC-aa kalarko malpa, malba, galaagu, kalako, kalakul, kalaku Bremer Range
Fraser Range mountains.
Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFC-ab ngadjun-maya badonjunga, bardojunga, ngadju, ngadjunmaia, ngadjumaja,
ngatjumay, tchaakalaaga Fraser Range+ Russell Range
mountains Naretha+ Eyre's Sand Patch
Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BFC-ac wudjari Esperance Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BFC-b Mirning Eucla Nullabor plain Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0
29-BFC-ba mirning mirniny, baaduk, ikala, ikula, jurgula, wanbiri, wanmaraing, wonunda-
mirnug, yircla, yirola, yoongar
Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0
29-BG PITJANTJA+ MARTU
chain
WESTERN-DESERT, wati
29-BGA PITJANTJA+
NGAANYA* net
wati-C.
29-BGA-a Murunitja Nullabor-N.W. plain Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-aa murunitja Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-b Pintiini+ Wanggayi Nullabor-N.W. plain Leonora Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BGA-ba pintiini Leonora Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BGA-bb wanggayi wangada, wanggaji, wangkatja, wonga, wongai-i, wonggaii Carey
lake
Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-c Mardu Rebecca Yindarlgooda lakes Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-ca mardu-djara mardu, madu-wongga, mardo-wanga, jindi Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-d Ngurlu Ballard Raeside lakes Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-da ngurlu nanu Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-e Guwara Darlot lake Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-ea guwara Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-f Piniri Three Rivers Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BGA-fa piniri-tjara piniri, piniritjara, pirniritjara, pini, bini, birni Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BGA-g Budi Kimberley Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-ga budi-djara budi, puditara, pututjara, purditjara Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-h Ngaanya+ Djalga* djalga Brassey Range Warburton Range Virginia Range
mountains
Australia (W.A.) 3
29-BGA-ha giya-djara giya Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-hb nana-djara nana, naanatjarra Three Rivers Warburton Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-hc ngaadja-djara ngaadja- Warburton Range-N. mountains Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-hd djalga-djara djalga, baduwanga, barduwanga, tjalkadjara, tjalgandi Warburton
Range-W. mountains
Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-he mandjindja-djara mandjindja, mandjindjara, manjinji, manjinjiwonga, mangula
Warburton Range-SW. mountains
Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGA-hf ngaanya-tjara nyanganyatjara, nyanganya, nangatatjara, nanggaranggu, ngaayatjara,
ngaanya-tjarra Virginia Range mountains Yeo lake Warburton
Range mountains
Australia (W.A.) 3
29-BGA-i Ngalia+ Nakako* Serpentine lakes Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0
29-BGA-ia ngalia-S. distinct from [29] Ngalia-N. Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0
29-BGA-ib nakako* Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0
29-BGA-j Yankunta+ Wirdjara Musgrave Range Everard Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 2
29-BGA-ja yankunta-tjara yankunta, yankunytjatjara, jangkundjara, jankundjadjara,
kulbandjatjarra Musgrave Range Everard Range mountains
Australia (N.T.) 2
29-BGA-jb kulbandja-tjarra kulbandja, kulban-tjarra, kulpantja Musgrave Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BGA-jc wirdjara-gandja wirdjara, wirtjapokandja Musgrave Range-S. mountains> Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BGA-k Pitjantja Petermann Range Musgrave Range mountains Australia (N.T.; S.A.; W.A.) 3
29-BGA-ka pitjantja-tjara Petermann Range Musgrave Range mountains Australia (N.T.; S.A.; W.A.) 3
29-BGA-kb pitjantja-V. "vehicular" pitjantja Petermann Range Musgrave Range mountains Australia (N.T.; S.A.; W.A.) 3
29-BGA-kc kukatja kukaja, gugadja, gogoda, kukata Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
29-BGA-l Yumu Australia (N.T.) 0
29-BGA-la yumu jumu Australia (N.T.) 0
29-BGB BIDUNGU net part of "peripheral" wati
29-BGB-a Bidungu Robinson Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGB-aa bidungu Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGC NIJADALI net part of "peripheral" wati
29-BGC-a Nijadali Robertson Range-NW. mountains Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BGC-aa nijadali-A. njijapali, nyiyabali displaced to Marble Bar Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BGC-ab balygu bailko, paljgu, balgu Australia (W.A.) 1
29-BGC-ac jauna Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGD WANMAN net part of "peripheral" wati
29-BGD-a Wanman Dora Blanche lakes Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BGD-aa wanman warnman Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BGE MARTU net part of "peripheral" wati
29-BGE-a Martu martu-wangka, including yulparitja, yilparitja, yulbaridja
Disappointment-W. lake #yulparitja = southern
Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BGE-aa manyjily-jara mantjiltjara, mandjildjara Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BGE-ab kartu-jarra kartutjara, kardutjara, kadaddjara, kardutjarra, kiadjara, gardudjara,
gagudjara
Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BGE-ac pudi-tara budidjara, putujara Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGE-ad wangka-junga wangkajungka Australia (W.A.) 2
29-BGE-ae nanga-tara Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGE-af ilda-wongga Australia (W.A.) 0
29-BGF GUGADJA net part of "peripheral" wati
29-BGF-a Gugadja Balgo Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 2
29-BGF-aa gugadja-wati Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 2
29-BGG PINTUPI+ LURITJA
net
part of "peripheral" wati
29-BGG-a Pintupi+ Luritja Kintore Range Balgo Hill mountains Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 2
29-BGG-aa pintupi pintubi, binddibu Australia (W.A.; N.T.)
29-BGG-ab luritja Kintore Range Balgo Hill mountains Australia (W.A.; N.T.)
29-BGH ANTAKARINYA net part of "peripheral" wati
29-BGH-a Antakarinya Australia (S.A.) 1
29-BGH-aa antakarinya andagarinya Australia (S.A.) 1
29-BGI KOKATA net part of "peripheral" wati
29-BGI-a Kokata Stuart Range-SW. Coober Pedy railway-line Australia (S.A.) 1
29-BGI-aa kokata gugada, kokitta, koocatho, koogurda, kokatha, kugurda, kukata,
madutara, maduwonga, wanggamadu, wongamardu
Australia (S.A.) 1
29-BGJ WIRANGU net part of "peripheral" wati
29-BGJ-a Wirangu Head of Bight bay: Ooldea Streaky Bay bay Australia (S.A.) 1
29-BGJ-aa wirangu njangga, nyangga, warrangoo, wirongu, wironguwongga, wirrung,
wirrunga
Australia (S.A.) 1
29-BH GUYANI+
NARUNGGA chain
yura
29-BHA GUYANI+
BANGGARLA* net
29-BHA-a Guyani Flinders Range-W. mountains Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHA-aa guyani kuyani, gujani, kijani, kiyani, kwiani, koonarie Torrents-N. lake Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHA-b Adynyamathanha Flinders Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 1
29-BHA-ba adynyamathanha-A. ad'n'amadana, anjimatana, anjiwatana, archualda, benbakanjamata,
binbarnja, gadjnjamada, jandali, kanjimata, keydnjmarda, mardala,
nimalda, nuralda, unyamootha, umbertana Flinders Range
mountains
Australia (S.A.) 1
29-BHA-bb wailpi wailbi, waljbi, wipie Flinders Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 1
29-BHA-c Banggarla Eyre peninsula Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHA-ca banggarla bangala, banggala, bahanga-la, bungeha, bungela, pangkala, pakarla,
pankalla, parnkala, parnkalla, punkalla, kortabina Port Lincoln Port
Augusta
Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHA-d Nawu battara, growoo, nawo, njao, njau Eyre-S. peninsula Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHA-da nawu battara, growoo, nawo, njao, njau Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHB NUGUNU+
NGADJURI * net
including kaurna (extinct before 1850)
29-BHB-a Nugunu Flinders Range-S. mountains Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHB-aa nugunu-A. nukuna, doora, njuguna, nokunna, noocoona, nookoona, nuguna,
nukana, nukunnu, nukunu, pukunna, tjura, tyura, wallaroo, warra,
wongaidya Port Pirie
Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHB-ab kaurna extinct before 1850 Australia (S.A.)

29-BHB-b Ngadjuri Orroroo Robertstown Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHB-ba ngadjuri aluri, eura, manu, manuley, ngadhuri, ngarluri, werra, wiramaya, wirra Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHC NARUNGGA net
29-BHC-a Narungga Yorke-S. peninsula Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHC-aa narungga-A. narangga, nanunga, naranga, narranga, narranggu, narrangu Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHC-ab adjabdurah adjahdurah Australia (S.A.) 0
29-BHC-ac turra Australia (S.A.) 0
29-C ARABANA+ YARLI
set
KARNIC
29-CA ARABANA+ PALKU*
chain
29-CAA ARABANA+ NGURU
net
"arabanic"
29-CAA-a Arabana+ Nguru Eyre Mirranponga-Pongunna lakes Australia (S.A.; N.T.) 1
29-CAA-aa wang-arabana arabuna, arapani, ngarabana, rabuna, urabuna Eyre lake Stuart
Range mountains
Australia (S.A.) 1
29-CAA-ab wonga-djaga Kallakoopa Creek Australia (S.A.) 0
29-CAA-ac wangga-nguru wongkanguru, ongkonguru, wangkanguru, wonkaoora Mirranponga-
Pongunna lake
Australia (N.T.) 1
29-CAB PALKU net
29-CAB-a Palku wangga-kadjera, wongga-djara, wongga-itjera, wongga-jidjera, wonka-
itjuru, wangga-yudyuru Field lower Hay lower Diamantina valleys
Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 0
29-CAB-aa wangga-mala Field lower Hay lower valleys Australia (N.T.) 0
29-CAB-ab lhanima lanima Eyre+ Mulligan valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CAB-ac gunggalanya gungalanya, kungkalenya, gunngalanja Sandringham-S. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CAB-ad yurla-yurlanya yoolanlanya, ulaolinya, ulaolinja Boulia-SW. Australia (Queensland; N.T.) 0
29-CAB-ae rangwa Pituri+ Georgina confluence upstream Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CAB-af bidha-bidha pita-pita, pitta-pitta, bida-bida Boulia Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CAB-ag ringu-ringu oringaroo, ringa Herbert Roxborough Downs Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CAB-ah ragaya rakkia, raggaja, rukkia Coorabulka Springvale Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CAB-ai ngurlubulu ngulubulu, ooloopooloo Cluny Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CAB-aj garanya karanya, kurrana, muralula Cluny Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CAB-ak mayawarli majali, mayuli, majawali, majuli, miorli Diamantina Mayne valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CB DIERI+ GARUWALI
chain
karna+ diyari
29-CBA GARUWALI+
MIDHAGA net

29-CBA-a Midhaga Diamantina Cooper's Creek valleys Australia (Queensland; S.A.) 0
29-CBA-aa midhaga-A. mitaka, mithuka Monkira Currawilla Haddon Downs Australia (Queensland; S.A.) 0
29-CBA-ab marrula marala, maranada, murunuda Betoota-S. Australia (Queensland; S.A.) 0
29-CBA-b Garuwali Windorah Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CBA-ba garuwali karuwali, karawala, karorinje Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CBB DIERI+ NGAMINI net "dieric"
29-CBB-a Yarluyandi Birdsville-W. Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 0
29-CBB-aa yarluyandi jeljendi, jeljujendi, yelyayendi Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 0
29-CBB-b Ngamini Warburton Creek valley Howitt lake Goyder lake Australia (S.A.) 0
29-CBB-ba ngamini agaminni, ngameni, gnameni, ominee Australia (S.A.) 0
29-CBB-c Yawara+ Yandru Cooper Creek valley: Innamincka Australia (S.A.; Queensland) 0
29-CBB-ca yawara-warga jauraworka, yerawaka, yarrawurka, jawaraworga Cooper Creek
valley: Yamma-Yamma lake
Australia (S.A.; Queensland) 0
29-CBB-cb yandru-wandha jandruwanta, gandruwanda, yandra-wandra Cooper Creek-S. valley:
Moomba
Australia (S.A.; Queensland) 0
29-CBB-d Dieri+ Dirari Leigh lower Warburton valleys Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 1
29-CBB-da dieri diyari, diari, dyeri, dijari, tirari Gregory+ Howitt lakes Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 1
29-CBB-db dirari North Eyre-E. lake Australia (S.A.) 0
29-CBB-e Biladaba Blanche Callabonna lakes Australia (S.A.) 0
29-CBB-ea biladaba pilatapa, berluppa, pulladapa Australia (S.A.) 0
29-CC NGURA chain
29-CCA NGURA net
29-CCA-a Ngura Cooper Creek valley Yamma-Yamma lake Bulloo valley Australia (Queensland) 1
29-CCA-aa ngurawarla ngurawola Arrabury Durham Downs Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CCA-ab garandala karendala, garendala, kunandaburi, kurnandaburi McGregor Range
mountains Cooper Creek lower valley
Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CCA-ac yarumarra Wilson headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CCA-ad wongkumara wangkumara, wangumarra Australia (Queensland) 1
29-CCA-ae punthamara bundhamara Wilson valley Australia (Queensland) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
29-CCA-af kalali garlali, galali, kullali Bulloo valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CCA-ag badjiri baderi, badjari, byjerri Paroo middlevalley Warrego middle valley:
Cunnamulla
29-CCA-ah dhiraila tereila, diraila, thiralla Grey Range-N. mountains: Nockatunga Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CCA-ai bidjara bitjara Grey Range mountains Bulloo lake Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CCA-aj mambangura ngandangara, ngandanguru Tennappera Australia (Queensland) 0
29-CCA-ak mingbari mingabari Tiboobura-E. Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-CD YARLI chain
29-CDA YARLI net
29-CDA-a Yarli Grey Range-S. mountains Frome Downs Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland;
S.A.)
0
29-CDA-aa wadigali wadikali Tiboobura-W. Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland;
S.A.)
0
29-CDA-ab malyangaba maljangapa, mulyanapa, multyerra, nalyanapa Frome-E. lake Australia (N.S.W.; S.A.) 0
29-CDA-ac yardliwarra Frome-SW. lake Australia (N.S.W.; S.A.) 0
29-D MURUWARI set
29-DA MURUWARI chain
29-DAA MURUWARI net
29-DAA-a Muruwari murawari, marawari, 'yacko-yacko' Culgoa+ Neabul valleys: Bollon
Bourke
Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0
29-DAA-aa gunga-guri Cunnamulla-S.E. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-DAA-ab gunda-guri Bollon-S. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-DAA-ac buru-guri baderugali Enngonia Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0
29-DAA-ad dhindundu Weilmoringle-S. Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-DAA-ae nundu-guri Bourke-N. Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-E BAAGANDJI+
MARAWARA* set

29-EA BAAGANDJI+
MARAWARA chain

29-EAA BAAGANDJI+
BANDJI net
"wider" baagandji
29-EAA-a Bandji+ Baarundji baagandji-N. Cook Range mountains Darling upper valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-EAA-aa bandji-gali bandjagali, bandjugali White Cliffs Cook Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-EAA-ab wanyu-barlgu wandjiwalku, wanjiwalku, wanjwalgu, wonjimalko, wonipalku White
Cliffs Milparinka
Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-EAA-ac na-barlgu mailpurlgu, nawalgu, unelgo Darling Paroo lower valleys Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-EAA-ad baarundji parundji, barinji, paruindi Paroo lower Warrego valleys Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland
adjacent)
0
29-EAA-ae gurnu guerno, gunu, kuno, kula, kurnu Darling valley: Louth+ Bourke
Warrego lower valley
Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland
adjacent)
0
29-EAA-b Baagandji+ Wilja Benda Range mountains Darling lower valley Australia (N.S.W.) 1
29-EAA-ba baagandji baagandji-N., darling, baagandji "proper", bagundji, bagandji Darling
lower valley: Wilcannia downstream
29-EAA-bb wilja-kali wilyagali Darling lower valley: Wilcannia downstream Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-EAA-bc wiljali willoo Darling lower valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-EAB MARAWARA* net
29-EAB-a Marawara Murray+ Darling confluence: Darling upstream Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-EAB-aa marawara maraura, marewera Wentworth Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-F NGARINYERI+
YITHAYITHA set
"ngarinyeric+ yithayithic"
29-FA NGARINYERI+
YITHAYITHA chain

29-FAA NGARINYERI+
YITHAYITHA net

29-FAA-a Yitha-Yitha Lachlan+ Murray right-bank: Booligal downstream Darling
confluence
Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0
29-FAA-aa yitha-yitha jitajita, itaita, ithiithi, tjuop Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria
adjacent)
0
29-FAA-b Keramin Murray left-bank: Euston downstream Darling confluence Australia (Victor; N.S.W.) 0
29-FAA-ba keramin kureinji, karin, karingma, gurendji, orangema, pitwa Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.
adjacent)
0
29-FAA-c Yuyu juju, yerre-yerre Murray valley: Victoria lake downstream Waikerie Australia (S.; Victoria) 0
29-FAA-ca ngintait inteck, ngintadj Victoria lake>S. Australia (S.A.; Victoria adjacent) 0
29-FAA-cb erawirung jirau, jirawirung, yerraruck, yiran Murray valley: Paringa+ Loxton-S. Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-cc ngawait eritark, nanait, ngawadj, niawoo, nutcha, njawatjurk Murray valley:
Loxton
Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-cd ngarkat buripung, duwinbarap, mangkarupi, merkani, jakalbarap, ngardad,
ngeruketi, wragarite Murray lower valley Murraytown
Australia (S.A.; Victoria adjacent) 0

29-FAA-d Ngayawung Murray lower valley Mount Lofty Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-da ngayawung-A. ngaiawang, aiawong, ngaiwung, ngaiyau, nggauaiyowangko Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-db ngangurugu* nganguruku, nkanguru Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-e Peramangk Mount Lofty Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-ea peramangk baramangg, peramarma, marimejuna, meraldi, merildakald,
wangarainbula
Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-f Ngarinyeri narrinyeri Encounter Lacepede bays Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-fa raminyeri Jervis cape Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-fb warki Strathalbyn Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-fc portawulun Murray Bridge Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-fd yaraldi Meningie Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-fe tanganalun Coorong coast Australia (S.A.) 0
29-FAA-ff meintaangk Kingston Australia (S.A.) 0
29-G WUURONG+
KOLAKNGAT set
KULINIC
29-GA WUURONG+
BUNGANDIDJ chain
"bungandidjic"
29-GAA BUNGANDIDJ net
29-GAA-a Bungandidj Glenelg-W. valley Australia (S.A.; Victoria) 0
29-GAA-aa bungandidj Millicent+ Mount Gambier coast: Naracoorte Australia (S.A.; Victoria adjacent) 0
29-GAB WUURONG net
29-GAB-a Wuurong kuurn-kopan-noot, gurnditjmara, kirurndit, kunditjmara Cape
Bridgewater-E. coast
Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GAB-aa chaap-wuurong Heywood Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GAB-ab kii-wuurong Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GAB-ac kuurn-kopan-noot Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GAB-ad peek-whurrong Warrnambool Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GAB-ae kirrae-wuurong Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GB WEMBAWEMBA
chain

29-GBA WEMBAWEMBA net
29-GBA-a Wembawemba+
Yaara
Murray middle Glenelg upper valleys Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-aa nari-nari Hay Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-ab latji-latji Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-ac yari-yari Ouyen Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-ad wati-wati Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-ae wemba-wemba Swan Hill Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-af bara-parapa Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-ag yuga-pulk Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-ah warka-warka Hopetoun Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-ai wotjobaluk Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-aj yaadwa Stawell Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GBA-ak yaara Maryborough Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GC KOLAKNGAT+
WUYWURUNG chain

29-GCA KOLAKNGAT+
WUYWURUNG net

29-GCA-a Kolakngat coligan Colac lakes Apollo bay Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GCA-aa kolakngat kolijon Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GCA-b Wathawurung Ballarat Torquay coast Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GCA-ba watha-wurung wathurung Melbourne-W. Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GCA-c Wuywurung Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GCA-ca bun-wurung ban-wurung, bunurong Melbourne-SE. Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GCA-cb wuy-wurung-A. wuy-wurrung Melbourne-N. Australia (Victoria) 0
29-GCA-cc thaga-wurung Bendigo-E. Australia (Victoria) 0
29-H NULIT+ THANG set KURNIC
29-HA NULIT+ THANG chain
29-HAA NULIT+ THANG net
29-HAA-a Nulit+ Thang "kurnic", ganay #suffix -lung =people, community Wilson's
Promontory peninsula Green cape
Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0
29-HAA-aa nulit Australia (Victoria) 0
29-HAA-aaa bratauo-lung tarrawarracka Foster (Victoria) 0
29-HAA-aab braiakau-lung (Victoria) 0
29-HAA-aac tatunga-lung Wellington lake (Victoria) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
29-HAA-ab muk-thang brabira-lung, brabra-lung Bairnsdale-N. Australia (Victoria) 0
29-HAA-ac thang-quai kratauatunga-lung Orbost Australia (Victoria) 0
29-HAA-ad bidhawal bidawal, bidwelli;Green cape Everard cape Delegate Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0
29-I DHUDOROA set
29-IA DHUDOROA chain
29-IAA DHUDOROA net
29-IAA-a Dhudoroa Great Dividing Range-C. massif (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0
29-IAA-aa dhudoroa dhudhuroa, jaithmathang, yaithmathang Mitta Tambo Ovens
headwaters
(Victoria; N.S.W. adjacent) 0
29-J PALLANGAN-
MIDDANG set

29-JA PALLANGAN-
MIDDANG chain

29-JAA PALLANGAN-
MIDDANG net

29-JAA-a Pallangan-Middang Murray upper valley Australia (Victoria) 0
29-JAA-aa pallangan-middang banjerang, panderang Tallangatta Australia (Victoria) 0
29-K YOTA+ YABULA set YOTAYOTIC
29-KA YOTA+ YABULA
chain

29-KAA YOTA+ YABULA net ngarimawuru
29-KAA-a Yota-Yota Murray upper valley Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0
29-KAA-aa yota-yota joda-joda Cohuna+ Echuca Australia (Victoria) 0
29-KAA-b Yabula-Yabula Murray upper Lachlan valleys Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0
29-KAA-ba yabula-yabula jabula-jabula, nari-nari Australia (Victoria) 0
29-L WIRADHURI+
GAMILA set
WIRADHURIC
29-LA WIRADHURI+
GAMILA chain

29-LAA WIRADHURI net
29-LAA-a Wiradhuri Murray upper valley Castlereagh+ Macquarie valleys Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0
29-LAA-aa wiradhuri wiradjuri, berrembeel, warandgeri, werogery, wiiratheri, wira-athoree,
wiraduri, wirajeree, wirashuri, wiratheri, wirracharee, wiraidyuri,
wirrai'yarrai, wooragurie, wordjerg
Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria
adjacent)
0
29-LAB WAYILWAN+
NGIYAMBAA net

29-LAB-a Wayilwan+
Ngiyambaa
wangaaybuwan+ ngiyambaa Willanora-Billabong valley
Macquarie+ Barwon confluence
29-LAB-aa wangaaybuwan wongaibon, wombungee, wongagibun, wonghibon, wonghi, wonjhibon
Lachlan Bogan valleys
29-LAB-ab ngiyambaa giamba, narran, noongaburrah, ngeumba, ngiamba, ngiumba,
ngjamba, ngumbarr Darling middle Bogan valleys
29-LAB-ac wayilwan waljwan Castlereagh Marthaguy Macquarie. valleys Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-LAC GAMILA+ YUWAALI
net

29-LAC-a Gamila+ Yuwaali kamilaroi, camileroi, gamilaraay, gamilaroi Liverpool plains
Balonne valley
Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0
29-LAC-aa guyinba-raay koinberi, gunjbarai Castlereagh headwaters Liverpool plains Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-LAC-ab gamila-raay Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0
29-LAC-aba gamil-raay-S. Namoi upper valley (N.S.W.)
29-LAC-abb gamil-raay-N. Barwon Gwydir valleys (N.S.W.; Queensland)
29-LAC-ac yuwaala-raay juwalarai Narran-NE. lake. Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-LAC-ad yuwaali-yaay jualjai, yualyai Narran Bokhara valleys Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0
29-LAC-ae gawamba-raay Weir valley Australia; (Queensland; N.S.W.) 0
29-LAC-af wiriya-raay wiriwiri Gwydir valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-M THAWA+ WORIMI set "yuin"+ "kuric"
29-MA NGARIGO+
NGUNAWAL chain
"yuin"-W.
29-MAA NGARIGO+
NGUNAWAL net

29-MAA-a Ngarigo ngarigu, narigo, gerego, bemeringal, ngundura Snowy valley George
lake
Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria; A.C.T.) 0
29-MAA-aa ngarigo-S. Snowy-N. valley Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0
29-MAA-ab walgalu ngarigo-W., wolgal, walgulu Snowy mountains Murray
Murrumbidgee Tumut headwaters
29-MAA-ac ngarigo-N.* George-S. lake Australia (N.S.W., A.C.T.) 0
29-MAA-b Ngunawal Queanbeyan Yass Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MAA-ba ngunawal Australia (N.S.W.) 0

29-MB THAWA chain "yuin"-S.
29-MBA THAWA net
29-MBA-a Thawa Howe cape Bombala Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0
29-MBA-aa thawa thaua, taua, guyangalyuin Eden Mallacoota Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0
29-MC DYRRINGANY+
DHURGA chain
"yuin"-E.
29-MCA DYRRINGANY net
29-MCA-a Dyrringany Bermagui Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MCA-aa dyrringany djiringanj, dyirringan Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MCB DHURGA net
29-MCB-a Dhurga Bermagui Jervis bay Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MCB-aa dhurga dhu'rga, durga, thoorga Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MD THURAWAL chain "yuin"-N.
29-MDA THURAWAL net
29-MDA-a Thurawal Port Hacking Shoalhaven valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MDA-aa thurawal-A. dharawal, dharawaal, turrubul Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MDA-ab wadiwadi wodiwodi Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-ME GUNDUNGURA chain
29-MEA GUNDUNGURA net
29-MEA-a Gundungura Hawkesbury valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MEA-aa gundungura gandangara, gundaahmyr Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MF DHARUK+
DARKINYUNG chain
SYDNEY, iyora
29-MFA DHARUK+ IYORA net
29-MFA-a Dharuk+ Iyora Botany bay Hawkesbury river-mouth Victoria mountain Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MFA-aa iyora Sydney Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MFA-ab guringgai Sydney-N. Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MFA-ac dharuk daruk, dharug Katoomba Bathurst Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MFB DARKINYUNG net
29-MFB-a Darkinyung Hawkesbury river-mouth Hunter Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MFB-aa darkinyung darkinung, darginyung Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MG WORIMI+
YUGAMBAL chain
KURI, "kuric"
29-MGA AWABAKAL net
29-MGA-a Awabakal awabagal Lake Macquarie Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MGA-aa awabakal awabagal Lake Macquarie Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MGB WORIMI net gadang
29-MGB-a Worimi Port Macquarie Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MGB-aa worimi kattang, gadhang, gadang Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MGC DYANGADI+ NGAGU
net

29-MGC-a Dyangadi+ Ngagu Macleay valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MGC-aa ngagu Macleay lower right-bank Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MGC-ab ngambaa Macleay lower left-bank Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MGC-ac dyangadi dainggati, boorkutti, burgadi, dangadi, dangati, danggadi, danggetti,
ghangatty, tangetti, thangatti, thangatty Macleay middle valley
29-MGD NGAYAYWANA net
29-MGD-a Nganyaywana Nandewar Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MGD-aa nganyaywana Inverell-S. Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-MGE YUGAMBAL net
29-MGE-a Yugambal Dumaresq river-basin Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0
29-MGE-aa yugam-bal yugumbal, jugumbir, jukamba, manaldjali, minjanbal Inverell-N. Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0
29-N GUMBAYNGGIR+
YAYGIR set
GUMBAYNGGIRIC
29-NA GUMBAYNGGIR
chain

29-NAA GUMBAYNGGIR net
29-NAA-a Gumbaynggir Nymbolda valley Nambucca Heads coast Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-NAA-aa gumbayng-gir kumbainggar, gumbaingari, kumbaingeri Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-NB YAYGIR chain
29-NBA YAYGIR net
29-NBA-a Yaygir Clarence lower valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-NBA-aa yay-gir yegir, yiegera, jeigir, jireigir Australia (N.S.W.) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
29-O BANDJALANG+
YUGUM set

29-OA BANDJALANG+
YUGUM chain

29-OAA BANDJALANG+
YUGUM net

29-OAA-a Bandjalang+ Yugum Clarence valley McPherson Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0
29-OAA-aa bandjalang bandjelang Clarence Richmond valleys Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-aaa bogangger* bundala Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-aab watchee Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-ab biriin Casino-S. Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-ac waalu-bal waalu, weela-bal Tabulum Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-ad wudje-bal wudje Tentafield Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-ae dingga-bal dingga, dingga-bel, gindo-bal Bonalbo Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-af gida-bal gida, gida-bel Woodenbong Warwick Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-ag gali-bal gali Kyogle Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-ah wiya-bal wiya Lismore Ballina Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-ai ngaraang-bal ngaraang Murwillumbah Australia (N.S.W.) 0
29-OAA-aj yugum-bal yugum, yugum-bir Beaudesert Australia (Queensland; N.S.W.) 0
29-P YAGARA+ GOWAR
set
DURUBULIC
29-PA YAGARA+ GOWAR
chain

29-PAA YAGARA net
29-PAA-a Yagara Brisbane-S. Warwick Australia (Queensland) 0
29-PAA-aa yagara-bal yagara, jagara, yagara-bul Australia (Queensland) 0
29-PAB DJENDJE+ NUNUN
net

29-PAB-a Djendje+ Nunun Stradbroke island Australia (Queensland) 0
29-PAB-aa djende-wal djende, djanda-wal, tchandi, koenpel, goenpul Stradbroke-S. island Australia (Queensland) 0
29-PAB-ab nunun-bal nunun, nunun-kul, noonu-kul, mundjan Stradbroke-N. island Australia (Queensland) 0
29-PAC GOWAR net
29-PAC-a Gowar Moreton island Australia (Queensland) 0
29-PAC-aa gowar gooar, ngugi, wodji, wogee Australia (Queensland) 0
29-Q WAGA+ GABI set waka+ "kabic"
29-QA WAGA+ MURINGAM
chain
miyan 2
29-QAA MURINGAM+
BARUNGGAM net

29-QAA-a Muringam+
Barunggam
Barwon Condamine valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAA-aa muringam murrumningama, murrungama Inglewood Toowoomba Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAA-ab barunggam parrungoom Dalby Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAB GAYABARA net
29-QAB-a Gayabara Jandowae Kingaroy Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAB-aa gayabara Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC WAGA+ WULIWULI
net
waka
29-QAC-a Waga+ Ngalbu waka "proper", wakka Brisbane Auburn valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC-aa ngundanbi ngundanbbi Brisbane-N. Tewantin coast Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC-ab ngalbu nalbo Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC-ac dungibara Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC-ad duungidjawu Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC-ae dalla Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC-af garumga Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC-ag waga-waga wakawaka, enibura, nukunukubara Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC-b Wuliwuli Dawson middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QAC-ba wuli-wuli Dawson middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QB GABI+ GUWENG
chain
THAN, "kabic"
29-QBA GABI+ BADJALA net
29-QBA-a Gabi+ Badjala Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QBA-aa gabi-gabi Hervey bay Coast Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QBA-ab badjala Fraser island Australia (Queensland) 0

29-QBB GUWENG+
DARIBALANG net

29-QBB-a Daribalang+ Gureng Baffle Creek coast Auburn Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QBB-aa daribalang Baffle Creek coast Monto Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QBB-ab gureng-gureng Auburn Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QBB-b Guweng Bustard Head coast Dawes Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QBB-ba guweng Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QC BAYALI+ KOINJMAL
chain
KINGKEL
29-QCA BAYALI+ KOINJMAL
net

29-QCA-a Bayali Curtis island; Calliope valley Fitzroy river-mouth Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QCA-aa bayali baiali, biyali, biele Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QCA-b Darambal Shoalwater bay Fitzroy valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QCA-ba daram-bal darambal, orambul, urambal, charumbul, darawal, darumbal, ningebal,
tarumbal, tharumbal, warabal, yetimarala
29-QCA-c Koinjmal Broad Sound bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-QCA-ca koinjmal kooinmarburra, kuinmurbara, gonjmal, gunmal, mamburra
Palmerston cape Normanby Range mountains
29-R MARGANY+
MUNGKAN set
"pama+ maric"
29-RA MARGANY+ YANDA
chain
"maric"
29-RAA MARGANY+
GUDJALA net
MARI
29-RAA-a Margany+ Bidyara* mari-SW. Great Dividing Range-SW. mountains Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RAA-aa mandandanyi Roma Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-ab guwamu Moonie middle Maranoa lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-ac gunya Wyandra Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-ad margany Quilpie Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-ae nguri ngoorie Maranoa upper valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-af bidyara Warrego Langlo valleys Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RAA-ag wadjalang Adavale Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-ah wadjabangay Blackall Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-b Garingbai+ Wiri* mari-NE. Great Dividing Range-NE. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-ba yiman Taroom-N. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bb gungabula Dawson headwaters: Injune Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bc garingbal Buckland Tableland plateau Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bd wadjigu Emerald-S.W. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-be gangulu Isaac valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bf gayiri Blair Athol-S. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bg gabalbara Connor Range-W. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bh barna Isaac upper valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bi wangan Logan upper Fox upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bj yambina Logan lower Fox lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bk baradha Connor Range-N. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bl yuwibara Mackay-W. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bm giya Proserpine Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bn wiri Leichhardt Range-S. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bo yangga Suttor lower Cape lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bp miyan Cape upper valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-bq biri Charters Towers-SE. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-c Yagalingu+ Yilba* mari-NW. Great Dividing Range-NW. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-ca yagalingu Galilee lake Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-cb yiningay Landsborough valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-cc yilba Torrens Creek upper valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-d Gudjala+ Warungu* mari-N. Great Dividing Range-N. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-da gudjala Greenvale-S. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-db gugu-badhun Greenvale-N. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAA-dc warungu Lynd headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAB BIRRIA+
GUNGADUDJI net
kapu
29-RAB-a Birria Windorah Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAB-aa birria Australia (Queensland) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
29-RAB-b Gungadudji+
Gulumali
Cooper Creek upper valley Thomson+ Barcoo lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAB-ba gungadudji kungadutji, gungadidji, palpakunu Yaraka Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAB-bb gulumali kulumali, ngulangulandji Jundah Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAB-bc gunggari coongurri, ungorri, gungari, kunggari Nebine upper valley
Mungallala valley
29-RAC YIRANDHALI net
29-RAC-a Yirandhali Longreach Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAC-aa yirandhali Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAD GUWA net
29-RAD-a Guwa Winton Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAD-aa guwa Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAE YANDA net
29-RAE-a Yanda Selwyn Range-S.E. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RAE-aa yanda Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RB YURU+ BINDAL chain "nyawaygic"
29-RBA YURU+ BINDAL net
29-RBA-a Yuru Bowen Ayr Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RBA-aa yuru juru Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RBA-b Bindal Ayr Townsville Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RBA-ba bindal bindel Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RBA-c Wulguru-Kaba Townsville Palm Magnetic islands Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RBA-ca wulguru-kaba wulguru-gaba Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RBA-d Nyawaygi Townsville Ingham Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RBA-da nyawaygi Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RC DYIRBAL+ YIDINY
chain
"dyirbalic"+ "yidinic"
29-RCA DYIRBAL+ BANDYIN
net
DYIRBALIC
29-RCA-a Warrgamay+ Biyay Herbert lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-aa biyay warrgamay-S. Ingham Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-ab warrga-may warga Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-b Bandyin Hinchinbrook island Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-ba bandyin Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-c Dyirbal djirubal Herbert upper valley Tully coast Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RCA-ca girra-may girra Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RCA-cb walmal-barra walmal Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-cc dyiru djiru Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-cd guln-gay guln, guln-gui Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-ce dyabun-barra dyabun, dyabun-barra-dyirbal Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-cf dyirri-barra dyirri, dyirri-barra-mamu Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-cg dulgu-barra dulgu, dulgu-barra-mamu Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-ch wari-barra wari, wari-barra-mamu Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-ci ngadyan Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCA-cj gambil-barra gambil, gambil-barra-dyirrbal Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RCB YIDINY+ DYAABU net "yidinic"
29-RCB-a Yidiny idinji, bool-boora, deba, eneby, gerrah, gijow, gillah, guwa-mal, idin,
idindji, idin-wudjar, indindji, jidindji, kitba, maimbie, mungera-ohalo,
pegullo-bura, warra-warra, warry-boora, woggil, yetinji, yiddinji, yidin,
yidindji, yitintyi, yukka-burra Cairns-S.
29-RCB-aa wanyurr Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCB-ab mad-yay mad Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCB-ac yidiny-A. yidiny "proper" Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCB-ad gung-gay gung Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCB-b Dyaabu+ Gulay "wider" dyaabu, bulum-bulum, check-cull, chewlie, hileman, kodgotto,
kiko-njunkulu, koko-nyungalo, koko-tjumbundji, ngarlkajie, orlow,
tjabakai-thandji, tjabo-gaijanji, tjankir, tjankun, tjapun-kandji, tjunbundji
Cairns Port Douglas
29-RCB-ba yir-gay yir Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCB-bb bul-way bul Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCB-bc gulay guluy Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCB-bd dyaabu-gay dyaabu, dyaabu-gay "proper", dyabu-gay, djabu-gai, tjapu-kai Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RCB-be njakali nyakali, nyagali Australia (Queensland) 0

29-RD DYANGUN+
YALANDYI chain
YALANDIC
29-RDA DYANGUN+
YALANDYI net
29-RDA-a Muluridyi Mitchell headwaters Carbine mountain Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RDA-aa muluridyi binjara, kokomoloroij, kokomoloroitji, kookanoona, molloroidyi,
mooloroiji, mularitchee, mullridgey, mulurutji, waluridji
29-RDA-b Djangun Walsh Mitchell valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RDA-ba djangun djanggun, adho-adhom, butju, chungki, chunkumberries,
chunkunburra, koko-mudju, mutyu, ngaigungo, koko-tyankun
29-RDA-c Gugu-Yalandyi Bloomfield valley Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RDA-ca gugu-yalandyi kuku-yalanji, gugu-yalanji, koko-yalanji, kuku-yalangi Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RDA-d Gugu-Yimidhirr gugu-yimidjir Cooktown-N. Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RDA-da guuguu-yimidhirr-W. "coastal" guuguu-yimidhirr Australia (Queensland)
29-RDA-db guuguu-yimidhirr-E. "inland" guuguu-yimidhirr Australia (Queensland)
29-RE 'BARROW-POINT'
chain

29-REA 'BARROW-POINT'
net

29-REA-a 'Barrow-Point' Barrow Point-S. coast Australia (Queensland) 0
29-REA-aa 'barrow-point' #own name unknown Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RF WALMBARIA chain FLINDERS-ISLAND
29-RFA WALMBARIA net
29-RFA-a Walmbaria Princess Charlotte bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RFA-aa walmbaria-A. Flinders islands Cape York peninsula Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RFA-ab mug-ngambaram Flinders islands Cape York peninsula Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RG KALA-LAGAW-YA
chain
MABULAGIC
29-RGA KALA-LAGAW-YA
net
29-RGA-a Kala-Lagaw-Ya Torres-Strait-Islands, kala-yagaw-ya, yagar-yagar, mabuiagic, kala-
lagau-langgus, langus, kala-lagaw, including kalaw-kawaw Torres
Strait-N. islands in competition with [52] Langgus creole
29-RGA-aa boigu kala-lagaw-ya-N., boogu, bulgai, buglial Boigu, Talbot island Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RGA-ab dauan dausan, kala-lagaw-ya-N. 2 Dauan, Turnagain island Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RGA-ac saibai kala-lagaw-ya-N. 3 Saibai island Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RGA-ad mabuiag kala-lagaw-ya-C. Moa Badu Mabuiag islands Australia (Queensland) 3
29-RGA-ada mabuiag-A. Mabuiag, Jervis island (Queensland)
29-RGA-adb badu Badu, Mulgrave island (Queensland)
29-RGA-adc moa Moa, Banks island (Queensland)
29-RGA-ae muralag maralaig, morolag Prince of Wales Thursday islands Australia (Queensland)
29-RGA-af kaurareg Horn island Australia (Queensland)
29-RGA-ag muri Mount Adolphus island Australia (Queensland)
29-RGA-ah yam jam, iama Turtle-Backed island Australia (Queensland)
29-RGA-ai tutu Warrior island Australia (Queensland)
29-RGA-aj masig Yorke island Australia (Queensland)
29-RH YUMUKU+ GUGADJ
chain
PAMA, "paman"
29-RHA YUMUKU+ MBIY net pama-N., "cape york", wik-way, wik-waya, way, waya
29-RHA-a Yumuku+ Angkamu Cap York cape Port Musgrove bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-aa yumuku-ntyi yumuku, yumiku-ndji, jumagu-ndji, jamagun, jamagun-dji Cape York
cape Jardine river-mouth
29-RHA-ab atampaya atambaia Eliot Creek valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ac angkamu-thi angkamu, anggamu-di, ankamu-ti, ambaigan, oiyankwi Vrilya Point
coast
29-RHA-ad apukwe Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ae utyangikwa-thia utyangikwa Skardon Eliot headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-b Yaray+ Wudha Orfordness Cape Grenville coast Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ba yaray-tyana yaray, jaraidjana, yaraikana, gadaigan, yardigan Jardine valley
Orfordness cape
29-RHA-bb mutya-nthi mutya Shelburne-N. bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-bc wudha-dhi wudha, otati, wotadi, wutati, wik-wudja-di-wudja-di Shelburne-S. bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-c Ura+ Tjungu Port Musgrave bay North Alice Dulhunty valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ca ura-dhi ura, ora-dhi North Alice Creek Dulhunty upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-cb tjungu-ndji tjungu Port Musgrave bay: Cullen Point cape Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-d Mpali+ Lu Dulcie upper valley Wenlock middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-da mpali-tyanh mpali, mpali-tjan, mbali-djan Dulcie headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-db lu-thigh lu, lotiga, lutig, ludigh, idjokara, o'kara Wenlock middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
29-RHA-e Awng+ Yup Wenlock Mission valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ea awng-thim awng Embley Mission valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-eb anda'-angeti anda', andrendjandring Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ec tjan-ngayth tjan Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ed mam-ngayt mam Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ee ntra'-angith ntra', ndru'-angit, nrwa'a, ndru'-angid Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ef winda-winda windu-winda, winaranga Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-eg yup-ngayth yup, yupa, yupa-nayt, nggerikudi Wenlock lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-f Al+ Lin Albatross bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-fa daini-guid daini, taini-kuit, tani-kuiti Albatross-N. bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-fb al-ngith al Albatross-E. bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-fc ngkoth nggod, ngkot, ngor, ngot Albatross bay: Embley+ Hey-S. confluence Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-fd trotj troty Albatross bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-fe ladam-ngid ladam, latam-ngit, latan-geti Albatross-S. bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ff lin-ngithigh lin, lin-ngithig, leni-ngitij Albatross bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-g Yin Batavia Downs Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ga yin-wum yin, gin-wum, tin-wum, jinwun Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-h Aritin+ Ntra Archer bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ha aritin-ngithigh aritin Pera Head coast Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-hb ntra-ngith ntra, ntra'-ngith Aurukun>N. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-i Mbiy Watson upper Myall Creek valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHA-ia mbiy-wom mbiy, mbii-wun, kok-mbi-wan, mbi-wan, mbiy-won Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHB YA'U+ KANJU net pama-N.E.
29-RHB-a Ya'u Temple-S. bay Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RHB-aa kuuku-ya'u ya'u, ya'o, koko-ja'o, koko-yao, ja'o, yao, bagadji, pakadji Temple-S.
bay Pascoe valley
29-RHB-b Kanju kandju, kaantyu, gandju, gandanju, kamdhue, kandyu, kanyu, karnu,
jabuda, neogulada, yaldiye-ho Archer upper Geikie Coen
middle Lockhart valleys
29-RHB-ba iju Australia (Queensland)
29-RHB-bb i'o Australia (Queensland)
29-RHB-bc j'aalo Australia (Queensland)
29-RHB-bd wija-mo wija Australia (Queensland)
29-RHB-be kokino kokin-oh Australia (Queensland)
29-RHB-bf ndhyrl Australia (Queensland)
29-RHB-c Umpila Lockhart River Mission Sidmouth cape Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RHB-ca umpila-A. ombila, umbila, oombilla Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RHB-cb djandjanagu Australia (Queensland)
29-RHC GANGANDA+
BINDAGA net
lamalama, "lamalamic", kulamak, funggufan, been-gee-warra,
baganambia

29-RHC-a Ganganda jindingga, jindgingga, ndindingga McIlwraith mountains Sidmouth
cape Princess Charlotte bay
29-RHC-aa umbindha-mu umbindha- Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-ab umbuyga-mu umbuyga, umbuiga-mu Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-b Wurangung awurangung Saltwater Creek river-mouth Musgrave mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-ba angandjan Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-bb arlga Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-bc m-bariman ambaram, bariman+ gudhinma Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-bd gudhinma bariman+ gudhinma 2, puran-gunuma Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-be jadeneni yadaneru, jeteneru, jetieneru Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-bf owynggan awurangung Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-bg taipan daiban Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-c Bindaga Princess Charlotte bay Red Bluff mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-ca mbambyl-mu mbambyl Princess Charlotte bay Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-cb mudu-mui mudu, mutu-mui, basthon, baulam Bathurst bay Starcke valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-cc njegudi negodi, njekodi, munbara Starcke valley Flattery cape Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHC-cd lamula-mu lamula, lamalama, lamula-mul, koko-lamalama Princess Charlotte
bay North Kennedy+ Normanby valleys
29-RHC-ce gugu-warra koko-wara, wi-jaram, jaram, "lama-deighton" Normanby middle+
Laura valleys

29-RHD RARMUL+ JAWAN
net

29-RHD-a Rarmul+ Jawan Musgrave Laura mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHD-aa koko-rarmul rarmul, aburarm Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHD-ab thaypan Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHD-ac jawan koko-yawa, yawa, jouon, yoyah, djawa, jawa Hann upper Kennedy
upper valleys
29-RHD-ad aghu-laia laia, aku-laia Hann valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHD-ae aghu-tharnggala tharnggala, aghu-tharnggalu, agu-tarnggele, aku-danggela, tharnggalu,
arnggele, danggela, darnggele, darngelle, ok-anggul, anggul Laura
29-RHE MUNGKAN+
KUNJEN* net
29-RHE-a Mungkan+ Tayor "middle" pama Archer bay: Aurukun Alice valley Australia (Queensland) 3
29-RHE-aa wik-mungkan mungkan, "vehicular" wik-munkan, wik-mungkana, mungkana,
munkan, Aurukun Edward valley
29-RHE-ab wik-ompoma ompoma, wik-ampama, wig-ambama, gambana, wik-ompman,
ampama, ambama, ompman, kokiala Watson+ Archer middle
valleys displaced to Aurukun
29-RHE-ac wik-keyangan keyangan Aurukun-SE. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHE-ad wik-alkan alkan, wig-algan, algan, alkin, kalkin, wik-kolon, kolon Archer+
Holroyd valleys
29-RHE-ae wik-ngathana ngathana Aurukun-S. coast Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RHE-af kuku-ugbanh ugbanh, kugu-ugbanh Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHE-ag kuku-muminh muminh, kugu-muminh, wik-muminh, wik-mumin Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-ah kuku-uwanh uwanh, kugu-uwanh Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-ai kuku-mu'inh mu'inh, kugu-mu'inh Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHE-aj kuku-mangk mangk, kugu-mangk Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHE-ak wik-ngatara ngatara, wik-ngathara, wik-ngatharra, ngathera, ngatharra, charra,
natarra, wooli Cape Keerweer-N. coast
29-RHE-al wik-epa epa, wik-eba, wik-eppe, eba, eppe Cape Kerweer cape Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHE-am wik-me'anha me'anha, wik-mean, wik-mejan, wik-me'ana, wik-me'nha, mean, mejan,
me'ana, me'nh Cape Kerweer cape>E.
29-RHE-an wik-ngadanja ngadanja, wik-njatna, wik-natanja, njatna, natanja, natanya Kendall
river-mouth
Australia (Queensland)
29-RHE-ao kuku-yak yak Holroyd left-bank Australia (Queensland)
29-RHE-ap wik-ngenchera ngenchera, ngandjara, ngantjeri, wik-nantjara, wik-njintura, wik-
ayangenchya, nantjara, njintura, ayangenchya Holroyd Edward
river-mouths displaced to Aurukun
29-RHE-aq koko-tayor tayor, kuuk-thaayoore, thaayoore, thayore, thaayore, thayorre, taior,
gugu-dayor, dayor, kuk-tayor, kuku-dayore, tayore, thayorr, koko-
daajor Edward Coleman lower valleys displaced to Coleman
River Mission
29-RHE-ar behran Edward Coleman lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 2
29-RHE-as wik-iiyanh iiyanh Coen-S.W. Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-at koka-ayabadhu ayabadhu, koka-aiebadu, aiebadu, abadja, apatya, badja, wik-paach,
paach Coleman-N. upper valley
29-RHE-au pakanha Coleman-S. valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHE-b Yoront+ Tutiym pama-W. Coleman Mitchell river-mouths Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-ba yir-yoront yoront, jir-joront, jir-jorond, joront, jorond, gamba'wandh, gwandera Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-bb yir-thangedl thangedl, yir-tangettle, tangettle, dangedl, dhanu'un, djudjan
Coleman lower valley Mitchell river-mouth
29-RHE-bc yir-tutiym tutiym, dudjym, djudjan, yir-djudjam, djudam Australia (Queensland)
29-RHE-bd koko-mindjen-N. mandjoen, koko-mind'jana, mind'jana, mundjun, mindjin, myunduno,
mynduno, gor-minang, gor-minag, minang, minag
29-RHE-be yir-mel* mel, jir-mel, mel-jir, millera Australia (Queensland)
29-RHE-c Bera+ Wab "coastal"-pama Mitchell lower Staaten lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-ca gugu-bera bera, kuku-bera, koko-bera, koko-pera, pera, berang, paperyn Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-cb anavilla Australia (Queensland)
29-RHE-cc badedj Australia (Queensland)
29-RHE-cd ninggora Australia (Queensland)
29-RHE-ce wab Australia (Queensland)
29-RHE-cf kwanthar Australia (Queensland)
29-RHE-d Kunjen+ Kaurang pama-C. Alice Mitchell Palmer river-basin. Staaten upper
valley
29-RHE-da oy-kangand kangand, oi-kand, wanggara Alice upper valley Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-db ow-oilkulla oilkulla, koko-olkulo, olkulo, olgol, olgel, ulkulu, olkolo, wulgulu, olgolo,
wugurin, okangol, kokonggol Alice upper valley

1999 / 2000 edition
29-RHE-dc o-kaurang kaurang, kawarrangg, kauwarang, wugurin Palmer lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHE-dd gogo-mini mini, koko-mini, akunkun, koo-gaminny, mirkin Palmer Mitchell
middle valleys
29-RHE-de o-kunjen kunjen, o-gondyan, koko-gundjun, gondyan, gundjun, koonjan,
ngundjan, gugu-minjen, kuku-mindjen-S., o-kundjain, o-kunjan, ku-
ritjaal, ku-tjel, o-gentjel, wu-gundjal, gudjal Staaten upper valley
29-RHE-e Gurdjar+ Kuthant "norman" pama Staaten lower Norman lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-ea areba 'araba, ariba, ngariba Staaten Gilbert valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHE-eb gurdjar kurtjjar, gudjera, gurjurb Gilbert valley Australia (Queensland) 1
29-RHE-ec kunggara gunggara, kunggera, goom-gharra, goodarra, goongarra Norman
lower Gilbert lower valleys
29-RHE-ed kuthant Norman lower right-bank Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHF WAMIN+ BABARAM*
net
pama-S.
29-RHF-a Wamin+ Dagalag Wyaaba Pelican Stawell valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHF-aa walangama wollangama Einasleigh+ Gilbert confluence Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHF-ab ag-wamin wamin, ak-waumin, a'-wamin, e-wamin, wajmin, wallamin, wominin
Einasleigh middle Einasleigh upper valley
29-RHF-ac dagalag tagalag, ag-wanggala, janggula, ndagalag, radagarlag, takalak,
yankala, yang-kula, taragalag, shanganburra Gilbert middle
Einasleigh middle valleys
29-RHF-b Babaram+
Gaygungu*
Walsh Lynd headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHF-ba m-babaram babaram, booburam, morruburra, wum-barbaram, barbaram Walsh
upper valley
29-RHF-bb n-gaygungu gaygungu, ngaigungo Tate upper Lynd upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHF-c Bara* Stawell right-bank Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHF-ca m-bara bara, am-bara Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHG GUGADJ+ MAYABI
net

29-RHG-a Gugadj "flinders" pama Flinders lower valley Norman lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHG-aa gugadj Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHG-b Mayabi+ Wunumara "mayabic" Leichardt+ Cloncurry+ Flinders river-basin Australia (Queensland) 0*
29-RHG-ba maya-guduna guduna, mayi-kutuna Leichhardt Flinders valleys presumed
extinct by 1990's
Australia (Queensland) 0*
29-RHG-bb maya-gulan gulan, may-kulan, mayi-kulan Cloncurry middle valley: Canobie Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHG-bc ngawun Flinders upper Norman uppervalleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHG-bd maya-bi bi Cloncurry middle left-bank Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHG-be mayi-yapi yapi Julia lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHG-bf mayi-dhagurdi dhagurdi Gilliat Julia upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-RHG-bg wunumara Selwyrn Range-E. mountains: Gilliat+ Eastern headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0
29-S GALIBAMU set
29-SA GALIBAMU chain
29-SAA GALIBAMU net
29-SAA-a Galibamu Gregory Leichhardt river-mouths Australia (Queensland) 0
29-SAA-aa galibamu-A. kalibamu, gadjibamu, golbiri Australia (Queensland) 0
29-SAA-ab kukatji* Australia (Queensland) 0
29-T LARDIL+ JAKULA
set
TANGIC, "tangkic"
29-TA LARDIL+ JAKULA
chain
29-TAA LARDIL+ JAKULA
net
29-TAA-a Gayardilt Bentinck island Australia (Queensland) 1
29-TAA-aa gayardilt gajadilt, gajardild, gayadilt, kaiadilt, malununda Australia (Queensland) 1
29-TAA-b Lardil Mornington Forsyth islands Australia (Queensland) 1
29-TAA-ba lardil-A. ladil, lardill, laierdila, kunana Australia (Queensland) 1
29-TAA-bb daamin damin secret language Australia (Queensland)
29-TAA-c Jakula Albert Calvert lower valleys Australia (Queensland; N.T.) 0
29-TAA-ca ganggalida ganggalita, jugula, jakula, yukala, yukulta, yugulda, yokula, wugulda
Albert lower valley
29-TAA-cb nyangga janga, jangaa, jangga, njangga, yanggal, jang-kala, njanggala,
yangarella, yuckamurri Lagoon CreekCalvert lower valleys
Australia (Queensland; N.T.) 0

29-U KALKUTUNG+
YALARNNGA set
GALGADUNIC
29-UA KALKUTUNG+
YALARNNGA chain

29-UAA KALKUTUNG net
29-UAA-a Kalkutung Selwyn Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0
29-UAA-aa kalkutung galgaduun, galgadungu, kalkatungu, kalkadoon Mount Isa
Cloncurry-S.
29-UAB YALARNNGA net
29-UAB-a Yalarnnga Wills Burke upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-UAB-aa yalarnnga jalanga, yelina, yellanga, yellunga Australia (Queensland) 0
29-V WAGAYA+
WARLUWARA set

29-VA WARLUWARA+
NGUBURINDI* chain
warluwara-thawa, "warluwaric"
29-VAA WARLUWARA+
NGUBURINDI* net

29-VAA-a Warluwara Georgina middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-VAA-aa warluwara maula, mauula, mawula, walookera, walugera, waluwara, wollegara,
yunnalinka Roxborough Downs
29-VAA-b Wurgabunga Gunpowder valley Australia (Queensland) 0
29-VAA-ba wurgabunga Waggabundi Australia (Queensland) 0
29-VAA-c Nguburindi Gregory+ O'Shanassy valleys Australia (Queensland) 0
29-VAA-ca nguburindi ngoborundji Morstone-N. Australia (Queensland) 0
29-VAA-d Yindjilandji Barkly Tableland-C. plateau Australia (N.T.) 0
29-VAA-da yindjilandji Mount Morgan mountain Australia (N.T.) 0
29-VB WAGAYA chain
29-VBA WAGAYA net
29-VBA-a Wagaya James Herbert valleys Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 0
29-VBA-aa wagaya wakaya, waagai, waagi, wagai, wagaja, waggaia, wakaja, wakkaja,
warkya, worgai, worgaia, workia, lee-wakya, ukkia Lake Nash
Avon Downs+ Camooweal
Australia (N.T.; Queensland
adjacent)
0
29-W WARUMUNGU set
29-WA WARUMUNGU chain
29-WAA WARUMUNGU net
29-WAA-a Warumungu Renner Springs Devil's Marble Australia (N.T.) 2
29-WAA-aa warumungu warramunga Tennant Creek Rockhampton Downs Australia (N.T.) 2
29-X ARANDA+ GAIDIDJ
set
ARANDIC
29-XA GAIDIDJ chain
29-XAA GAIDIDJ net
29-XAA-a Gaididj Davenport Range Murchison Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 2
29-XAA-aa gaididj kaiditj, kaititj, kaddakie, kaitije, kaitish, kaititcha, katitya, artuya
Barrow Creek-N.
Australia (N.T.) 2
29-XB ARANDA+
ALYAWARR chain
urtwa
29-XBA ARANDA+
ARRERNTE net
"wider" aranda
29-XBA-a Anmatjirra Stuart Bluff Range-E. Hann Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 1
29-XBA-aa anmatjirra anmadjera, imatjera, umatjera, urmitchee Aileron Australia (N.T.) 1
29-XBA-b Aranda-W.+
Pirdima
aranda-W., aranda "proper" Macdonnell Ranges mountains
Alberga valley
Australia (N.T.; S.A.) 3
29-XBA-ba aranda-W. Macdonnell Ranges Seymour Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 3
29-XBA-bb akerre* akara Australia (N.T.)
29-XBA-bc pirdima aranda-S. Finke Alberga valleys Australia (N.T.; S.A.) 0
29-XBA-c Arrernte aranda-E. Simpson, Arunta desert Australia (N.T.) 3
29-XBA-ca arrernte arran'da, arunda, arunndta, arunta Hale valley Australia (N.T.) 3
29-XBB ALYAWARR net
29-XBB-a Alyawarr Sandover Tennant Creek Hatches Creek Lucy Creek Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 3
29-XBB-aa alyawarr alyawarra, alyawarre, aljawara, yowera, iliaura Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 3
29-XBC ANDAGEREBINHA
net

29-XBC-a Andagerebinha Hay upper Georgina upper valleys extinct Australia (N.T.; Queensland
adjacent)
0
29-XBC-aa andagerebinha-A. andakerebina, andaagerebina, walwallie, williwilli, yanindo Hay
upper Pituri Creek upper valleys
Australia (N.T.; Queensland
adjacent)
0
29-XBC-ab yuruwinga jaroinga, yarrowin, yorrowinga Woodroffe Georgina upper valleys Australia (N.T.; Queensland
adjacent)
0

1999 / 2000 edition
29-Y MARRAWAH+
KAOOTA*
notional set
TASMANIAN notional set The total ethnic clearance of Tasmania
was undertaken between 1805 and 1830, by speakers of [52] English.
The last 200 survivors were deported in 1829-34 to Flinders and other
small offshore islands, and the last Tasmanian languages were
effectively extinct before 1900 The only data are a few poorly
recorded wordlists from 19
th
cent. and recordings of the last partial
speakers in the early 20
th
. Degrees of relationship among Tasmanian
languages and their affinities to languages of mainland Australia
cannot be accurately judged, and the following classification is largely
notional (and certainly simplified). It provides a framework to be
checked and amplified against every surviving scrap of information on
the peoples and languages of Tasmania #Reconstructed linguistic
divisions have hitherto been labelled by points of the compass and
foreign place-names. They are here renamed with place-names of
apparent local origin.
Australia (Tasmania)
29-YA MARRAWAH+
WARATAH* chain
TASMANIAN-WEST
29-YAA MARRAWAH+
WARATAH* net
29-YAA-a Marrawah+ Temma* Tasmanian-West-Coast Australia (Tasmania)
29-YAA-aa marrawah* Marrawah Australia (Tasmania)
29-YAA-ab temma* Temma coast Macquarie Harbour, Gordon estuary Australia (Tasmania)
29-YAA-ac tullah* Tullah Ossa highlands Australia (Tasmania)
29-YAA-ad 'lake-pedder'* Pedder lake Australia (Tasmania)
29-YAA-ae 'south-east-cape'* Macquarie Harbour, Gordon estuary South-East Cape coast Australia (Tasmania)
29-YAA-b Warratah+
Mawbanna*
Tasmanian-Northwest Australia (Tasmania)
29-YAA-ba mawbanna* Mawbanna Port Latta Australia (Tasmania)
29-YAA-bb warratah* Waratah Devonport Australia (Tasmania)
29-YB KAOOTA+ WEETAH*
chain
TASMANIAN-EAST Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA KAOOTA+ WEETAH*
net
Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-a Weetah+ Winnaleah* Tasmanian-Northeast Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-aa weetah* Weetah Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-ab winnaleah* Winnaleah Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-ac 'lagoons'* Lagoons coast Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-b Tarraleah+
Triabunna*
Tasmanian-Mid-East, including "big river" Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-ba tarraleah+
waddamana*
Tarraleah Waddamana lakes & highlands Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-bb triabunnah* "oyster bay" Triabunnah Oyster Bay coast Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-bc nubeena+
murdunna*
Tasman+ Forestier peninsula: Nubeena Murdunna Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-c Kaoota+ Moogara* Tasmanian-Southeast Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-ca moogara* Moogara Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-cb kaoota* Kaoota Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-cc 'weld-valley' Weld valley Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-cd 'prion-bay' Prion Bay coast Australia (Tasmania)
29-YBA-ce alonnah* Bruny island: Alonnah Australia (Tasmania)

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2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique

Linguasphere Observatory page 123

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