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MH3-3 .

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MH3-6 .
MH3-6-1 .

MH3-6-2 .

MH3-6-3 .

MH3-6-4 .

MH3-6-5 .

MH3-6-6 .

MH3-6-7 .

MH3-6-8 .

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Calibration
Check valve
chemical change
Contamination
Corrosion
Counter balance
Valve
Directional control
Valve
Displacement
Flow meter
Efficiency
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Fixed Displacement
Flash point
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Flow control valve

Friction

Gasket
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Kinetic energy
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Pilot operated relief

valve
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Piston type cylinder
Ram type cylinder
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Port designation
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Exhausts , return pipes
Leakage port
Pilot port

Letter Figures
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2,4,6

R,S,T

3,5,7

x,y,z

10 , 12 , 14

Graphical symbols for pumps and compressors

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( hydraulic pump with one direction of flow)

( hydraulic pump adjustable displacement )

( hydraulic pump with tow direction of flow)

( hydraulic pump with one direction of flow adjustable)

( )
( hydraulic gear with pump and motor)
( )
( controllable pump / motor)
( )
(air compressor )
Graphical symbols for pneumatic and hydraulic drives

( single acting cylinder with return spring )

( single acting cylinder with return by external forces)

( double acting cylinder )
- - - - -


(double acting cylinder with double piston rod )

( telescopic cylinder double acting )

( double acting differential cylinder)

( multiple position cylinder )

( double acting cylinder without piston rod )

( cushioning one end , non adjustable)

( cushioning both ends adjustable)

( compressed air motor one direction of rotation )

( compressed air motor tow direction of rotation )

(hydraulic motor one direction of rotation )

(Hydraulic motor two direction of rotation )

( compressed air oscillating motor tow direction of motion )

( hydraulic oscillating motor one direction of rotation , spring return )
- - - - -

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( pressure intensifier same compression medium )

( pressure intensifier different compression medium )

( pressure medium transducer different compression medium)
Graphical symbols for directional control valves

:
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( 2 port 2 position directional control valves ,normally closed )

/
( 2 port 2 position directional control valves ,normally open )

/
( 3 port 2 position directional control valves ,normally closed )
/
( 3 port 2 position directional control valves ,normally open )
/
( 4 port 2 position directional control valves)
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( 5 port 2 position directional control valves)
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( 4 port 3 position D,C,V ,sealed mid position )
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( 4 port 3 position D,C,V , mid position ports connected)

- - - - -

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................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................

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( switching positions )
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(exhaust , untapped )

(exhaust , tapped )

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- - - - -

Actuators for pneumatic control valves

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Graphical symbols for pneumatic and hydraulic Isolating , choke , pressure control valve
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Pe > Pa
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( Cut off valve )

Graphical symbols for pneumatic and hydraulic Maintenance and Measuring devise
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( maintenance device , general )
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( Filter )
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( )
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( lubricator)

( Dryer )

( temperature limiter )

( combination unit )

( pressure gauge )
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( temperature measuring device )

( Flow meter )

( volume meter )

( sensor )

( temperature sensor )

( Fluid level sensor )

( optical indicator )

Graphical symbols for pneumatic and hydraulic circuit Diagram
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( pipe connection )

( pipe crossing )
( )
( flexible pipe )

( rotating pipe )
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( quick fitting pipe union without cheek action , coupled )

( quick fitting pipe union with cheek action , coupled )

( quick fitting pipe union uncoupled pipe open )

( quick fitting pipe union uncoupled pipe closed )
( . . )
( Mechanical link bar . shaft)

( Electrical line )

( pressure source hydraulic )

( pressure source pneumatic )

( compressed air reservoir )

( hydraulic accumulator )

( silencer )

( Electric motor)

( Internal combustion engine )

- - - - -

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p = 50 ; 100 bar ; 5 ; 6 m/ s
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= 3.315 m / min

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= 5.093 m / min
- :
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t = L /V
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t ret = 700 60 / 509.29 10 = 8.25

t cycle = t ext + t ret = 21 sec

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 ) ( 50 mm
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1 J = 1 Nm = 1W.s = 2.78 -7 KWh = 2.39 -4 Kcal = 1/ 9.81 = 0.102 kg fim
1 kcal = 4200 J = 4.2 KJ = 0.00116 KWh = 427 kg fim

.
Power = wark / time = N . m / s = 1/ 9.81 kpm / s = 1 W
Heat flow = heat / time = J/ s = 0.86 kcal / h
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= 1/ 9.81 kgf. m/ s = 0.102 kgf .m/s
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) Q W = W . A (T 1 T W 1
) ( TW2 ) ( ) (T2
.

) Q K = K . A ( TW 2 T 2

. K

( :
.

( :
Losses due to internal leakage , hyd pump
- - - - -

V . P
. DF
=
600

PV

PV2 VL P .

) ( zero stroke ) ( .
-: :
0

) ( 100 L ) ( 18 c
) ( ) . ( 25 L / min ) ( DF = 80 %
) ( 70 bar ) ( 70 bar ) VL = 1 L /min

( ) ( K = 0.01 kw / m2 c0
-: -:
-:
Heat gined = heat lost
Pv=PW

-:

V L .P
=
. DF
600

PV

] 1[ L / min]. 70[bar
0 .8
600
= 0 .093 kw

= PV 2

] PV = K . A.[ T 2 T1
PV
] + T1 = [ A = 1 . 16 m 2
K .A
0 . 093
=
+ 18 = 26 C 0
0 . 01 1 . 16

= T2

Types of heat exchanger :

.
:
- - - - -

 - . counter flow heat exchanger :

) ( TKE , TWA .

- . counter flow puralle flow heat exchanger

) (
) ( TWE , TWA .

- . cross flow heat exchanger :

) . ( oil / air

MH3-5-3 ) ( .
( :
- - - - -

 ) Filtration

( .
.

( :
) ( .

) ( ) (.

) ( ) . ( .
) ( .

SAE
:

100cm3

128000

87000

32000

24000

9700

4600

2700

42000

21400

10700

5360

2680

1340

670

6500

3130

1510

780

380

210

93

1000

430

225

110

56

28

16

92

41

21

11

m
5-10
10-25
25-50
50-100
100-

m
.

( :
: .

( :
- .
- .

- . Y
- .

(


- - - - -

) ( :Suction Line Filters

. 100 m .

0.2 bar

). (

)( : Pressure Line Filters

) ( .

. 315 bar

) (

)( :Return Line filters

.

) (

MH3-5-4 .
'
&
T.
"11&8
SI

%3
- - - - -

 .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .

 :
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .


.
.

) :( Piston Type Accumulator

. .
. :

) :( Membrane Type Accumulator

.

:

) :( Bladder Type Accumulator

.

. :

- - - - -

 :
) ( - :
. .
. ) ( .
. ) (.
. ) (.

:
) ( ) (
) ( .

) (
.

.
:
P . V n = Constant

=P

=V

= n


) . ( Isothermal n = 1
)
( Adiabatic n = 1.4

.V

= P

n
1

P 1 .V

) (
)
( Polytropic n .
0.7 0.9 0.9 :
p0 x p1

= p0

= p1
= p2
.
. p1 , p2
) ( .
- - - - -

 : .
. .
. .
. .

 : .
. .

 :
. . :
P0 < 0.9 < p1
-:
= P0 .
= P1 .
= P1 .

- - - - -



:&

4-
*
41D
t;09
5
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%3
1<2

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.

) (
: .

: .

: :

- - - - -

 : .
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

) (
) (

/

) (

) (hyd . power unit

)(pressure relief valve
) (pressure gauge
)( Double acting cylinder
)( directional control valve 4/2 M.
)(cheek chock valve

: :





.
.
.
.

: .
.
.
. .

: :
. .
. .
. .

. .
: -:
. ) ( .
. .
. .
: -:
. .
.
. .
. .

- - - - -

 :
Written assessment
: -:
-
.....-

-
.....-

-
....-

- - - - -

 MH3-5-5

!


(

)
%?
41
( :
.

( :
 .
 .
 .

.

( :

- - - - -

!


(

)
%?
41
( :

( :
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 .
10 %
.

( :

- - - - -

!


(

)
%?
41
( :
.

( :
 .
 .
 .

( :

- - - - -

!


(

)
%?
41
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( :
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( :

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(

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%?
41
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(

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) (.

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( :

- - - - -

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( :
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( :

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(

)
%?
41
( :
) ( .

( :


.
.

( :

- - - - -

- - - - -

 MH3-6

MH3-6-1 .
MH3-6-2 .
MH3-6-3 .
MH3-6-4 .
MH3-6-5 .
MH3-6-6 .
MH3-6-7 .
MH3-6-8 .

- - - - -

 MH3-6-1 .

'


:G0




:

22

Kg

S
c
K



:G0
&
K


:
22

= /

= /
= /

- - - - -

=
= /



:G0
&

K

V=S/T

M / Sec.

A =V / t

M / Sec .

2n

1/S

F = m.g
=A.h..g

N
1N =1kg.m /s2

Fg = m.g
=A.h..g

N
And
g =9.81 m /s2

M =F. r

N. M

P = F /A

1Pa = 1N /m2
1bar =105Pa
=10 N / cm2

:
.

:
.
:

) (

KP

=
. /

KP
/Cm
At
gauge
ate

=

=

W = F .S

J
1J = 1N.m
=1Kg. m2 /s2

KP. .M

=
.

KP. M

Wp = Fg. h

m V

) ( :

W Cin
=m.v2 /2
Wt = P.V

N =W / t

W
1W =1N .m /s =J
/S

Cv

=

/

N = M.

N = P .Q

N = I .V

Q = A .V

L/S
M3 / S
L /min

M3 / h
L /min

- - - - -



MH3-6-2 .

?0{

87M


:

&=<



.

V . n .
1000

= Q

P .Q
} = { KW
600 . ges

= Pan

l
min

{ =

vol

= Q
= V cm3

= n

rev/ min

= Pan kw

tot = vol . hm

31U



.

= vol ) . ( .

Q. VOL .1000
L
{=
}
V
MIN

P .V . hm
2 . . 100

= tot ) . (.

=n

= hm

= M ab } { daNM

ab

= P
= Pab

P .Q . TOT
} = { KW
600

= Pab

'02


= { cm

d 12 .
= A
4 . 100

d 22 . 0 .785
= A st
} = {cm 2
100

( d 12 d 22 ). 0 . 785
= AR
) = ( cm 2
100

- - - - -

= d1 ) ( )(mm

= d2 )(mm


P . d 12 . 0 . 785
) = ( kN
10000

FD

FZ

= FD

P .( d 22 .d 22 ). 0 . 785
= FZ
) = ( kN
10000
P . d 22 . 0 . 785
=
) = ( kN
10000

FS

FS

) (
. .

:
) ( 10000 0.785 . P = bar d =mm

) F = P.A = ( N

F
) = ( bar
A

= F ) ( N
= A ) ( cm2

= P th

h
)= (m / s
t . 1000

Q
)= (m / s
A .6

=v

= v

= Pth ) ( bar

= v ) (m/ s
= Qth )(l/min
= Q

)Qth = A.v.6 = ( L / min

= VOL ) (.

V
). 60 = ( l / min
t
)= ( L / min

TH
VOL

) = (l

A .h
10000

= Q th
= Q

= V

= V ) ( l
= t ) ( sec

)= (s

A .h . 6
Q . 1000

= t

= h ) ( ) ( mm

- - - - -

l . p . v 2 . 10
.
d .2

= P P
) (

64
Re

0 . 316

Re
3

v .d

10

lam

= ) 0.89 ~ ( kg/m3

turb

Re

= l ) ( m

= d ) ( mm

. 10

.
4

=
6 .d

= v )( mm2/s
= Q )( l/ min

MH3-6-3

- - - - -



MH3-6-4
- - - - -



.
(
#G

+

H+
219
)
<=
52
%LM
F7G
$3
:
'

.
(

"1?
V 
7

K"
)
<=
52
%LM
F7G
$3
:

- - - - -





































































.
(

"0q
7)
<=
52
%LM
F7G
$3
:

- - - - -



MH3-6-5

- - - - -






































































- - - - -



MH3-6-6

- - - - -



MH3 -6-7
- - - - -



MH3-6-8

- - - - -


1S
*BK&
X
<7&.
)
'02

(

- - - - -


1S)
%

4&
X
<7b
0


.























































































- - - - -

 Hints in hydraulic
#

) Sequence Valve ( .
) Check valve ( . ON OFF

# -:
Synchronize . ) ( .
. .
. .
# :
) Stopper ( .
) . ( Hammering
#

Ball Valve . Q max. = 12 lit/min Size . 6 mm.

# ) ( Relief
Direct Relief .Pilot Relief
# ) ( .
.
# Check Valve

D.C.V - Proportional Valve - Servo Valve - Logic ( Cartridge Element ) #

# ) ( Logic + ) . ( Trouble Shooting
# - . .
+ . .
# ) ( losses .
- - - - -

 # ) ( Relief .

Relief

Safety Relief .

P Relief > P load

> P load

Relief Valve

Safety

P safety

. ( Just to limit P max. ) Pressure Limiting Valve

) ( Check Valve

.Standard

.
#

Servo Valve

Relief Valve ) ( .

Closed Loop Control

) ( .
% .

#
#

Pump Size 22 Pump

Hammering .

. 22 cm3 oil / rev.

pump .

# Disc Valve - Ball Valve Needle Valve

Spool Valve .

- - - - -



:
. -
. / -
. / -
. -
. -
. -
:
1- Lang R.A ,et al .,"The hydraulic trainer , volume 1- Basic Principles and Components
of fluid Technology " Mannesmann rexroth , 1991.
2- Erik trostamanu " water Hydraulics control technology ,1996 .
3- James e. Johnson Hydraulics for engineering technology , 1996 .
4- Fourth edition Hydraulic hand book ,1967 .
5- .,"The hydraulic trainer , volume 3 planning and design of hydraulic power systems
" Mannesmann rexroth , 1991.
6- .,"The hydraulic trainer , volume 4 logic element technology " Mannesmann
rexroth , 1991.

:
( Automation Studio v 5 .1 ) ( sim fluid v4.2 ) ( fluid sim v4.2 ) -
( hyd _ convert ) ( marex ) ( n f p a ) -
. ( hyd _ trainer )

/http://Volvo Construction Equipment Walkaround.com -
/http://www.cat.com -

/http://www.nfpa.com -
http://www.boschrexroth.com -
- - - - -