HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

A system of human body means a collective functional unit made by several organs in which
the organs work in complete coordination with one another. Organs cannot work alone because
there are certain needs of every organ that need to be fulfilled and the organ itself cannot fulfil
those needs. So all organs of human body need the support of other organs to perform their
functions and in this way an organ system is formed.
Human body is made of ten different systems. All the systems require support and
coordination of other systems to form a living and healthy human body. If any one of these
systems is damaged, human body will become unstable and this lack of stability will ultimately lead
to death. The instability caused by damage of one system cannot be stabilized by other systems
because functions of one system cannot be performed by other systems. Knowledge of human
body systems is very important for a medical professional because it is the base of all medical
sciences and clinical practices. Although, generally, the structural aspects of human body systems
are studied in anatomy and the functional aspects are studied in physiology but it is very important
to have coordination between the two subjects because knowledge of structure is incomplete
without the knowledge of function and the knowledge of function is incomplete without the
knowledge of structure.

Name: Components Role
Skeletal System Bones, Associated cartilages, Joints
Strength, Support, Shape, Protection,
Leverage, Cell Production
Muscular System Muscles (Skeletal Muscles, Smooth muscles, Cardiac Muscles) Motor power for movements of body parts.
Nervous System Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Nerve Endings
Control and Coordination of all body
functions (Nervous coordination)
Respiratory System Lungs, Nose, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveolar sacs, Alveoli Gaseous exchange
Cardiovascular
System
Heart, Blood vessels (Arteries, Veins and Capillaries), Blood
Flow of blood (and nutrients) throughout
body
Lymphatic System
Lymph vessels, Central lymphoid tissue, Peripheral Lymphoid Organs,
Lymphocytes
Drainage and Protection
Endocrine System
Endocrine glands (Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands,
Adrenal glands, Pancreas (endocrine part), Testes (endocrine part),
Ovary (endocrine part), Liver (endocrine part))
Regulation of body functions (Chemical
coordination)
Digestive System
Alimentary Canal (Oral Cavity, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine,
Large Intestine, Anus), Liver, Pancreas, Salivary glands, Teeth,
Tongue
Digestion and absorption of food
Urinary System Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra
Regulation of bodys internal environment,
and production and excretion of urine
Male Reproductive
System
Penis, Testes
Formation of sperms and semen, and
fertilizing the female
Female Reproductive
System
Uterus, Ovaries, Vulva, Labia, Clitoris
Formation of eggs and bearing the fetus
during development


SKELETAL SYSTEM

Skeletal system is the system of bones, associated cartilages and joints of human body.
Together these structures form the human skeleton. Skeleton can be defined as the hard
framework of human body around which the entire body is built. Almost all the hard parts of
human body are components of human skeletal system. Joints are very important because they
make the hard and rigid skeleton allow different types of movements at different locations. If the
skeleton were without joints, no movement would have taken place and the significance of human
body; no more than a stone.

PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM:
1. Bone- is a tough and rigid form of connective tissue. It is the weight bearing organ of human body and it
is responsible for almost all strength of human skeleton.
Skull/Cranium- it is a bone forming the head. It is made up of 8 bones
Jawbones- are bones that support the teeth.
Backbones/Spinal column- bones at your back. It is made of 26 separate bones called vertebrate.
Ribcage- is made up of 12 pairs of long slender bones
Hipbones- are two large bones attached to each side of the sacrum.
Femur on thigh bone- longest bone in our body
Tarsals- it is also called the ankle of the foot.
Metatarsals- it is also called the forefoot bones
Phalanges- it is also called the toe bones.
Patella- the bone at the front of the knee joins the femur and the tibia and the fibula.
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Humerus
Radius
Pelvis
Coccyx
Metacarpus

2. Cartilage- is also a form of connective tissue but is not as tough and rigid as bone. The main
difference in the cartilage and bone is the mineralization factor. Bones are highly mineralized with calcium
salts while cartilages are not.

3. Joints- are important components of human skeleton because they make the human skeleton mobile. A
joint occurs between two or more bones, bone and cartilage and cartilage and cartilage.
High Joints- allow movement in one direction only.
Example: -elbow joint and knee joint
Pivot Joint- it allows you to turn your hand.
Ball and Socket Joint- let the bones move in all directions
Shoulder Joint- the example of this is the ball and socket joints.





DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestive system is the food processing system of human body. The whole digestive system is in the form
of a long, hollow, twisted and turned tube, called the alimentary canal, which starts from the oral cavity and ends
at the anus. The overall process of digestion and absorption of food occurs in this tube. The tube is divided into
different parts on the basis of structure and function of each part. These parts are described below.















PARTSOF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
1. Mouth- this is the part where digestion starts, it is where food is cut and grandly the teeth.
2. Esophagus- is a long macular tube that starts from your throat and ends in the stomach food is pushed
down to the stomach.
3. Stomach- is a muscular pouch that secretes gastric juice that helps in the digestion of protein.
4. Small Intestine- is a six-meter coiled long tube in the lower abdomen.
5. Large Intestine- is where in digestive food enter; it is a temporary storage of water.
6. Feces- are stored in the lowest part of the large intestine called rectum.
7. Oral Cavity-It is the cavity of mouth, irregular in shape, contains tongue, teeth and salivary glands,
8. Anus-Last part of alimentary canal, opens to outside for ejection of food, Controls the expulsion of feces
9. Liver- Produces bile for emulsification of fats
10. Pancreas- Secretes pancreatic juice containing different digestive enzymes into the small intestine
11. Teeth- Chewing and mastication of food
12. Tongue- Rolling and lubrication of food
13. Appendix- a slender worm-like diverticulum, 8 to 16 centimeters long, protruding from the cecum in man
and certain.
14. Rectum- stores this waste until it is eliminated through the anus.

UNINARY SYSTEM
Urinary system is also known as excretory system of human body. It is the system of production, storage
and elimination of urine. Formation and elimination of urine is important for human body because urine contains
nitrogenous wastes of the body that must be eliminated to maintain homeostasis. Nitrogenous wastes are formed
by metabolic activities in the cells. These nitrogenous wastes along with excess of salts and water are combined
in the kidneys to form urine. Urinary system is important for keeping the internal environment of the body clean.
Urinary system maintains proper homeostasis of water, salts and nitrogenous wastes.























PARTS OF THE UNINARY SYSTEM
1. KIDNEYS: Kidneys are the major organs of urinary system. Formation of urine takes place in
kidneys which are two bean shaped organs lying close to the lumbar spine, one on each side of
the body.
2. URETERS: These are muscular tubes extending from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Urine
flows in these tubes from kidney to the urinary bladder.
3. URINARY BLADDER: Urinary Bladder collects urine before it is excreted from the body. Urinary
bladder is a hollow muscular and elastic organ siting on the pelvic floor
4. URETHRA: Urethra is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the external genitalia for
elimination from the body.
5. SPHINCTER MUSCLES: There are two sphincter muscles to control the elimination of urine from
human body. The external of the two muscles is striated and is under voluntary control of the body.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Muscular system is the system of Human Body that provides motor power for all movements of body
parts. Muscular system is composed of special tissue called muscular tissue. Muscles have the ability to contract
actively to provide the force for movements of body parts. Muscular system is an important system of human body
because without it, life will completely stop. Muscles produce not only those movements that are under the control
of our will and that we can see and feel, but also those movements that are responsible for activities like
breathing, digestion of food, pumping of blood etc.

Types of muscles:
Muscles are basically of three types; Skeletal Muscles, Smooth Muscles and Cardiac Muscles.

Skeletal Muscles:
Skeletal muscles form most of the human body weight. They are under the control of human will and all body
movements occurring by our will are produced by skeletal muscles. They are called skeletal muscles because
they are almost always found attached to the skeleton and produce movements in different parts of the skeleton.

Smooth Muscles:
Smooth muscles form the soft body organs like stomach, intestine, blood vessels etc. They are not under the will
of human beings and are responsible for unconscious body activities like digestion of food. They are called
smooth muscles because when seen under the microscope, they do not have any striation in contrast to the other
two types of muscles.

Cardiac Muscles:
Cardiac muscles are exclusively found in human heart and nowhere else. They are extremely strong and powerful
muscles. They are not under the control of human will and are involuntary. The pumping of blood by human heart
is because of the force provided by the contraction of cardiac muscles.


PARTS OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM:

MOVEMENTS OF BODY PARTS: Skeletal muscles are responsible for all voluntary movements of human body
parts. They provide the force by contracting actively at the expense of energy. In other words, muscles are motors
of body where chemical energy of food is converted into mechanical work.

1. STABILITY AND POSTURE: Skeletal muscles stabilize human skeleton and give a proper posture
to human beings. Some joints of human body are weak and they require the support of muscular
system to achieve stability. Skeletal muscles are very important for such joints.
2. HEAT PRODUCTION: A large share of bodys energy is used by muscular system. As a result of
high metabolic rate, muscles produce great amount of heat in the body. Heat produced by muscles
is very important in cold climates.
3. CIRCULATION: Cardiac muscles provide the main force for circulation of blood throughout human
body. The regular pumping of heat keeps the blood in motion and nutrients are readily available to
every tissue of human body.
4. HELP IN DIGESTION: Smooth muscles of organs like stomach and intestine help the digestive
system in the process of digestion of food.












NERVOUS SYTEM



Nervous system is the chief controlling and coordinating system of the body. It controls and regulates all
voluntary and involuntary activities of human body. There are three characteristic properties of nervous system of
human body; Sensitivity, Conductivity and Responsiveness
Neuron is the unit of nervous system:
The structural and functional unit of nervous system is called neuron. It is a special type of cell with a cell
body and cell processes














Parts of nervous system:
Nervous system of human body is divided broadly into two parts; Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral
Nervous System (PNS)

1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) -Central nervous system includes brain and spinal cord.
2. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) - Peripheral nervous system includes all the parts of nervous
system except brain and spinal cord. It is further divided into two components; Somatic nervous system
and Autonomic nervous system.
3. Nerves- are solid cords composed of bundles of nerve fibers (each nerve fiber is an axon with its
coverings) bound together by connective tissue. Nerves are of two types; Spinal nerves and Cranial
Nerves. A bundle of peripheral axons enclosed by connective tissue. Carries nervous signals from
nervous system to body and from body to nervous system
4. Spinal Nerves- Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in human
body. For more details on spinal nerves, see the basic anatomy article .
5. Cranial Nerves- Cranial nerves arise from the brain. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in human body.
6. Brain- Central part of nervous system, Controls all body functions
7. Spinal cord- Long and thin bundle of nervous tissue extending from lower part of brain, transmits neural
signals between brain and rest of the body
8. Nerves Ending- Motor and sensory neurons end in special type of structures depending on their function.
These structures are called nerve endings


RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory system is the system of respiratory passages, lungs and respiratory muscles of human body.
Respiratory system is responsible for exchange of gases between the human body and the surroundings. In the
process of exchange of gases, human body gains oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. Other gases of the
atmosphere have no significant role in human respiratory system. Respiratory system is extremely important for
human body because the process of respiration cannot be stropped even for a few seconds. If the process of
respiration stops even for a minute or two, the condition will become serious and will ultimately end in death.
Organs of human respiratory system:
The main organs of human respiratory system are lungs and respiratory passages. Muscles of respiration also
form a component of respiratory system but there importance is rather little as compared to lungs and respiratory
passages.

Lungs:
Lungs are the organs of human body where gaseous exchange take place. Human beings have two lungs known
as the right and left lungs. Lungs are soft, spongy and very elastic. For more details of lungs anatomy, visit .

Respiratory Passages:
Respiratory passages or air-ways are the conducting portions of human respiratory system. Here no exchange of
gases takes place, but they guide the air to go to the lungs and not anywhere else in the body.
Functions of Respiratory System:
1. GASEOUS EXCHANGE: Main function of respiratory system is gaseous exchange. Through
respiratory system new air is always brought into the body and used air is expelled out. In this way
oxygen is gained and carbon dioxide is lost by the body.
2. EXCRETION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: Respiratory system is the major system for excretion of
carbon dioxide from the body. Carbon dioxide is produced as a result of metabolic break down of
carbohydrates in body and must be eliminated quickly. Carbon dioxide is brought to the lungs by
blood and is lost from the lungs through gaseous exchange with fresh air in lungs.
3. OXYGENATION OF BLOOD: Oxygen is required by the body for breakdown of food and must be
continuously supplied for continuous supply of energy. Supply of oxygen is maintained by
respiratory system.


PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. Nose- The most external organ, air is inhaled and exhaled through nose has different mechanisms for
cleaning and condensing the inhaled air.
2. Larynx- Also known as sound box, formed of cartilages, connects the trachea to the laryngopharynx
3. Trachea- Tubular structure with about 1 inch diameter, composed of 15-20 C shaped cartilages that keep
it dilated
4. Bronchi- Left and Right divisions of trachea, enters the lungs and divide into secondary bronchi
5. Lungs- Main organs of respiration, two in number (one on each side of heart) Conical in shape, divided
into lobes





CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM


Cardiovascular system means the system of heart and blood vessels of human body. The term
cardiovascular is a combination of two word; Cardio and vascular. The term cardio is derived from
cardiac meaning Heart and the term vascular means blood vessels. So the name itself indicates that a
cardiovascular system is the system of heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular system is also known as
Circulatory System.



Components of Cardiovascular System:

Cardiovascular system is made up of three major components; Heart, Blood vessels and blood.

HEART: Heart is a hollow muscular organ made of strong cardiac muscles. Heart can push the blood
through the circulatory system with great force. In fact push of the heart is the major force that causes
circulation of blood throughout human body. Heart is made up of three layers; Pericardium, Myocardium and
Endocardium

BLOOD VESSELS: Human beings have a closed type of circulatory system (visit my blog post: Difference
between open and closed circulatory systems) in which blood does not come in direct contact with body
tissues. Instead the blood flows in restricted pathways called blood vessels. Materials are exchanged
between blood and body tissues through the walls of blood vessels. Thus blood vessels are pathways of
blood flow in human body. There are three main types of blood vessels; Arteries, Capillaries and Veins.

Arteries- Carry blood away from heart to other body parts, very muscular and elastic
Capillaries- Microscopic blood vessels where exchange of nutrients with tissues take place
Veins- Carry bloods towards the heart from other body parts, their walls are thinner as compared to
corresponding arteries.

BLOOD: Blood is a specialized tissue of body that exists in fluid form. It is one of the five basic types of
tissues of human body. Blood consists of two major portions: Blood cells and Plasma. Plasma is the watery
portion of blood that makes it a fluid. 90% of blood plasma is water and remaining 10% are proteins,
inclusions and waste products etc. Blood cells are of three main types: Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood
Cells (WBCs) and Platelets.


Importance of Cardiovascular System:

Perfectly functioning cardiovascular system is so important for human body, that if it stops for a minute, rapid
death will occur. The flow of blood is necessary for existence of life. If the flow of blood is stopped, life will
stop. Heart is the main organ of cardiovascular system and it is responsible for distributing blood all over
human body. Heart diseases are categorized as the leading cause of death in United States.

















LYMPHATIC SYSTEM


Lymphatic system is the drainage system of human body and is accessory to the venous system. At
arterial ends of capillaries fluid leaks out and at the venous end, it is absorbed back in. Some of the fluid remains
in the tissue spaces. This fluid is called lymph and the system by which this lymph is returned back to blood is
called lymphatic system. In addition to its drainage function, lymphatic system is also an effective defence system
of the body because some organs of the lymphatic system (lympho-reticular organs) are involved in defence
activities of the body.
Components of lymphatic system:

Lymphatic system is composed of the following important components.

LYMPH VESSELS: Lymph vessels are pathways for flow of lymph around the body. Lymph vessels begin as
lymph capillaries that begin blindly in tissue spaces and lead to larger lymph vessels. Lymph vessels do not arise
from avascular structures, brain, spinal cord, bone marrow and splenic pulp. Larger lymph vessels anastomose
freely with one another and they ultimately drain the lymph into the venous system.

CENTRAL LYMPHOID TISSUE: Central lymphoid tissue consists of bone marrow and thymus.

PERIPHERAL LYMPHOID ORGANS: Peripheral lymphoid organs are lymph nodes, spleen and epithelio-
lymphoid tissues (lymphoid tissue present in epithelium e.g. lymphoid tissue of alimentary and respiratory tracts).
Bone marrow- Produces all pluripotent lymphoid cells (in adults), helps in differentiation of B-
Lymphocytes
Thymus- Helps in differentiation of T-Lymphocytes

CIRCULATING POOL OF LYMPHOCYTES: It contains mature progenies of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes.
They form the first line of defense of the body during antigenic emergencies.
For more details on components of Lymphatic system:".
Lymph node- Small nodules of lymphoid tissue found in the course of smaller lymph vessels, purify
the lymph from harmful agents
Spleen- Removes old blood cells from circulating pool, Keeps a reserve of blood for emergency,
Synthesizes antibodies
Epithelio-lymphoid tissues- Lymphoid nodules in places like alimentary canal and respiratory tracts,
Works as a security check against all the incoming agents.

Lymphocytes: Mature B- and T-Lymphocytes circulating in blood, protects the body against any infectious agent
that enters the blood

Functions of Lymphatic System:
REMOVE PARTICULATE MATTER: Lymph capillaries absorb and remove large protein
molecules and other particulate matter from tissue spaces. In this way cellular debris and other
harmful particles are washed away.
FILTER THE LYMPH FOR FOREIGN HARMFUL PARTICLES: Lymph nodes act as filter for
the lymph and in this way they purify the lymph flowing through them.
PHAGOCYTOSIS: Antigens are removed from lymph by phagocytic activity of cells of lymph
node.
PRODUCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES: Mature B-lymphocytes and mature T-lymphocytes are
produced in lymph nodes.
IMMUNE RESPONSES: Lymphatic system can induce both cellular and humoral immune responses





ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Endocrine system is the system of glands of human body. Each of these glands secretes one or more
different hormones in the blood for different functions. The secretions of endocrine glands are known as
hormones. Each endocrine gland may secrete one or more hormones in the blood and these hormones may or
may not have related functions. Generally the hormones regulate different functions of human body like growth,
mood, development, and metabolism etc. The perform their function by attaching to the target cells and then
communicating with them.
Endocrine Glands:
Endocrine glands are ductless glands of human body that pour their secretions (hormones) directly into the blood.
They have three characteristic features that are:
1. They are ductless
2. They are highly vascularized
3. They possess intracellular vacuoles or granules that store the hormones
In contrast to the endocrine glands are the exocrine glands. The see a detailed explanation of difference
between endocrine glands and exocrine glands, visit:".
Endocrine glands of Human Body:
Endocrine glands of human body are divided into two categories; 1) Typical endocrine glands, 2) Organs having
secondary endocrine function
1) TYPICAL ENDOCRINE GLANDS: These glands have primary function of producing hormones for human
body. Typical endocrine glands include;
PITUITARY GLAND- Master gland of the body, It has two lobes, Present at the base of brain in form
of a protrusion, Secretes 9 different major hormones

THYROID GLAND- One of the largest glands of body, Found in neck below the thyroid cartilage,
Mainly controls body metabolism, Secretes 3 different hormones

PARATHYROID GLANDS- Four in number, located behind the thyroid gland, produce parathormone

ADRENAL GLANDS- Found attached to the kidneys, Consists of two parts; Cortex and Medulla,
Adrenal cortex produces 3 different hormones and adrenal medulla produces 4 different hormones


2) ORGANS HAVING SECONDARY ENDOCRINE FUNCTION: These organs primarily belong to some other
system of the body but have a secondary function of producing hormones. They include;
PANCREAS(Hormones of Pancreas)- Primarily an organ of digestive system, produces 4
different hormones including Insulin and Glucagon
OVARIES (In females) (Hormones of Ovaries)
TESTES (In males) (Hormones of Testes)
KIDNEYS (Hormones of Kidneys)
LIVER (Hormones of Liver)
Functions of the endocrine system:
As stated above, endocrine system is a regulatory system of human body. In fact it associates the nervous
system in controlling body functions. The control of body function by the nervous system is called nervous
coordination and the control of body functions by the endocrine system is called chemical coordination. The
control of body functions by the endocrine system is a long term control system. All the necessary changes and
adaptations of the body, required for the long term control of a specific function, are influenced by the hormonal
system.


Male Reproductive System

Male reproductive system is the system of sex organs of male human beings that are a part of the overall
reproductive process of human beings. Reproduction is the capacity of all living organisms to give rise to their
babies that are similar to them. In human beings, sexual type of reproduction takes place and for this type of
reproduction, male and female reproductive systems are required. Male reproductive system is mainly concerned
with production of semen (whitish viscous fluid emitted from the male reproductive tract that contains sperm and
fluids) and transferring it into the female reproductive tract.
Organs of male reproductive system:

The organs of male reproductive system are penis and testes. They lie outside the males body in the pelvic
region.
PENIS: Penis is the external sexual organ of male human beings. Its main role is to get access to
the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse. In addition to the reproductive role, it also
serves as the excretory organ through which urine is expelled out of the body.

TESTES: Testes are components of both reproductive and endocrine system. For reproductive
system they produce sperm and for endocrine system they produce male sex hormones like
testosterone.

Functions of the male reproductive system:

As stated above, male reproductive system is mainly concerned with production of semen and its transfer
to the female reproductive tract. Testes, that are organs of male reproductive system, also produce male sex
hormones that distinguish maleness from femaleness. Reproduction is the process through which life continues to
exist. Every individual has a limited life span and no one can survive for ever. For the survival of life, reproduction
is a necessary process because otherwise no new life will be formed and old life will disappear. So both
reproductive systems, whether male or female, are important for survival of life.


Components
Penis
Male copulatory organ having a long shaft and a bulbous tip, transfers the
semen into the female reproductive tract
Testes
Components of both reproductive system and endocrine system, produce semen
that contains sperms

Functions Fertilization of females to produce offspring






FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Components
Internal
Parts
Uterus
Major female reproductive organ, one end called cervix opens into
vagina and other end is connected to the fallopian tubes, Development
of fetus occurs within uterus
Ovaries
Two in number, Egg producing female reproductive organ, oval in
shape and ovary of each side is locatd in the ovarian fossa of
corresponding side of pelvis

External
Parts
Vulva External genital organ of females, contains the opening of vagina
Labia
Structures of skin and adipose tissue that extends on both sides of
vulva
Clitoris Button like portion near the labia minor, erects on sexual arousement


Functions
Receive the sperms from male reproductive system, Bear the developing fetus through the entire
period of gestation

Female Reproductive System
Female reproductive system is the system of reproduction in female human beings. The female reproductive
system is complex as compared to the male reproductive system. Females have to bear fetus during fetal period
of development within their bodies. Modifications and adaptations to bear the fetus make female reproductive
system more complex. The female body also shows certain adaptations to become capable of bearing the fetus
for nine months. Main role of female reproductive system is to produce eggs and allow the process of fertilization
and development to take place within their body. The organs of female reproductive system are;
Organs of female reproductive system:
Female reproductive system consists internal and external parts.

INTERNAL PARTS:
Internal parts are the functional parts of female reproductive system. There are two main internal parts; the uterus
and the ovaries.
UTERUS: Uterus (also known as womb) is the major reproductive organ of females. It hosts the
developing fetus, produces secretions of the female reproductive system and allow the passage of
sperms to fallopian tubes where sperms fertilize with eggs.
OVARIES: Ovaries are small paired organs located near the pelvic cavity of females. Ovaries
produce the female egg cells.
EXTERNAL PARTS:
External parts are accessory parts of female reproductive system. They help in the process of fertilization, and
parturition etc. They are;
VULVA
LABIA
CLITORIS
Functions of female reproductive system:

As stated above, female reproductive system is mainly concerned with production of eggs and bearing the fetus
throughout the developmental phase. The ovaries produce eggs, which are fertilized by sperms and zygote is
formed. The development of zygote to a complete human baby takes place in female reproductive system.