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STRESS ANALYSIS
&
PIPE SUPPORTS
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- The layout and design of piping and its supporting elements shall be
directed toward preventing following:
1. Piping stresses in excess of those permitted in code
2. Excessive thrusts and moments on the connected equipments
3. Excessive piping sag
4. Excessive interference with thermal expansion and contraction in
piping
SUPPORTS
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How to decide the support
location ?
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How to decide the type
support ?
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- Mainly four types of supports are available.
1. Simple resting.
2. Guide
3. Axial Restrain
4. Anchor
- Again some more supports are available.
1. Spring Constant and Variable Support
2. Hanger Supports.
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STRESS ANALYSIS
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BASIC REQUIREMENTS
- Piping system shall have sufficient flexibility to prevent thermal
expansion or contraction or movements of piping supports and
terminals from causing
1. Failure of piping or supports from overstress.
2. Detrimental stresses in piping or in connected equipment (pump
and turbines etc.) resulting from excessive thrusts and moments in
the piping.
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When Analysis Required?
Or
Which system need to be
analyzed?
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Types of Stresses
&
Allowable Limits as per Code
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Stresses in Pipe
- Hoop stress or Circumferential stress due to Internal pressure.
- Longitudinal stress due to Internal pressure and weight.
- Thermal stress due to temperature gradient.
Allowable Stresses
- Hoop stress Allowable stress as per table A-1
- Longitudinal stress Allowable stress as per table A-1
- Thermal stress Thermal stress range S
A
as defined in the code.
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Thermal stress range S
A

S
A
= f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh)
Where,
f stress range reduction factor from table 302.3.5
Sc basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature
expected during the displacement cycle under analysis.
Sh basic allowable stress at maximum metal temperature
expected during the displacement cycle under analysis.

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Hydrostatic stress
Allowable stress during hydro testing is 1.33 Sc because at hydro
test we are testing the system to withstand near the Yield.

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Load on Equipment Nozzles
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Sample Calculation
Force coming on end Nozzle.
Carbon steel pipe of 600mm OD with 10mm thickness at a temperature
of 300 c.
E = 26.85 Msi ( 1.888 x 10
4
kg/mm2) from ASME B 31.3 Table C6
Thermal expansion = 3.625 x 10
-3
mm/mm (from Table C1)
A = pi / 4 x (600
2
580
2
) = 18535.4 mm2
P = 18535.4 x 1.888 x 10
4
x 3.625 x 10
-3

= 1269 tons
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Allowable Nozzle Loading
1. WRC 107/297 for Equipments.
2. API 610 for Pumps.
3. NEMA 23 for Turbines (National Electrical Manufacturers
Association).
4. API 617, 619 for Compressors.
5. API 596 for Air Coolers.

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Failures
1. Catastrophic Failure
2. Fatigue Failure
Static Analysis
1. Sustained Condition
2. Expansion Condition
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Means of providing Flexibility
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Caesar Application for Analysis
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Thank You