Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL

H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 1










MN: THNG TIN DI NG
Giang vin: V Vn Tn
Sinh vin: Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn
H My
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 2


1/ Khi nim femtocell
U2 / Nguyn l hot ng ca Femtocell

2.1 Cc giao thc v giao tip
2.2_ Tiu chun cu trc

U3/ Cc chun Femtocell
U4 / Hon thin cng ngh

4.1 3G tn s thp
4.2_ Long Term Evolution (LTE)

U5 / Nhiu v tuyn v phi hp tn s
5.1 Nhiu ng knh
5.2_ Nhiu knh ln cn
5.3_ Kt lun v khuyn ngh


U6 /Cu trc Femtocell v hng trin khai
U7/ Qun l femtocell
7.1 C s trin khai thu bao
7.2 Quy m trin khai Femtocell
7.3 Tch hp vi h thng mng khc
7.4 Cc yu cu qun l Femtocell
7.5 Tng kt v khuyn ngh

8/ Femtocell v bo mt mng
8.1 Kim sot v tr im truy nhp
8.2 Qun l femtocell
8.3 Nhn thc thit b femtocell
8.4 S y quyn
8.5 Cp php thut ton
8.6 Bo v chng gian ln
8.7 Mng v bo mt Backhaul (Backhaul Security)
8.8 Bo mt nhn thc im truy nhp Femtocell


B. Ti liu tham kho

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell
2. http://www.femtoforum.org/femto/aboutfemtocells.php
3. http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/femtocell-primer/3423204
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 3


Femtocell l g?

- Trong vin thng, femtocell l mt thut ng kh mi lin quan
n khi nim v trm gc im truy nhp (Access point base station).
- Mi femtocell ch l mt trm thu pht di ng nh trong mng
thng tin di ng kiu t bo, trong tch hp nhiu chc nng ca
BSC (Base Station Controller) v mt s chc nng ca MSC
(Mobile Switching Center).
- Femtocell c kt ni n mng ca cc nh cung cp dch v
qua ng truyn bng rng (nh DSL hoc cp quang). Mc ch ca
cc femtocell l dng ph sng bn trong cc ta nh, bn trong cc
cng ty; cho php nhng nh cung cp dch v m rng phm vi ph
sng nhng khu vc trong khu dn c sng yu hoc cc cao c v
tng hm. V th, femtocell nh mt cng kt ni ca mng thng tin di
ng t bo t ti nh khch hng v c th xem l s kt hp gia
mng c nh v mng di ng.


Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 4


im truy nhp Femtocell c kt ni bi DSL bng thng rng hoc kt ni IP giao din vi mng
GSM hoc UMTS chuyn mch gi v cc mng chuyn mch knh. Femtocell lm vic vi cc thit b
chun ph hp vi cc chun giao din tn ti trong mng 2G v 3G. iu ny m bo dch v lin
tc v c tnh tng thch cao vi cc mng tn ti v trnh c nhng yu cu v tnh thch ng
vi cc thit b cm tay.
V nguyn tc, Femtocell kt ni ng d liu n cc nh cung cp dch v ca mng di ng thng
qua cc ng truyn bng thng rng nh cp ng (DSL) hoc cp quang v thng h tr t hai n
nm in thoi di ng trong khu vc .
V iu khin, Femtocell kt ni ng iu khin (bo hiu) n cc trm BSC, tng i MSC ca
mng di ng v hot ng theo s iu khin ca cc trm ny. Mc ch ca Femtocell l ph sng
trong khu vc ca n v c th xem y l mt cng kt ni n mng di ng v l s kt hp gia
mng c nh v mng di ng


Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 5


KIN TRC FEMTOCELL
Mt trong nhng ch s nh gi mc thnh cng trin khai cng ngh Femtocell l tnh
tng hp gia im truy nhp Femto v mng. Nhng yu cu tng hp i hi s pht trin
ca cc kin trc thng thng v cc chun cng ngh ph hp m bo ghp ni tng
thch cho cc im truy nhp v mng. t c mc tiu ny, din n Femto pht trin
mt kin trc c biu din Hnh 3, vi cc thuc tnh tiu chun c nh ngha cho c
im truy nhp femto (FAP-Femto Access Point) v cng kt ni Femto (FGW-Femto Gateway).

Cc im truy nhp Femto (FAP) gm nhng chc nng in hnh sau:
- Qun l bo hiu 3GPP, mt phng ngi s dng, qun l ti nguyn tn s v tuyn
- Chc nng vn chuyn IP, qun l QoS, bo mt lp 3, qun l TR-069
- T cu hnh, chc nng tng la, NAT, bo mt.


Hnh 3. Kin trc Femtocell tham kho (Ngun: din n Femto)

Cc cng kt ni Femto (FGW) gm cc chc nng in hnh sau:
- 3GPP RANAP, ng b v cung cp nh thi cho mng
- Nhn thc v cp php Femtocell, Che du cu trc lin kt AP, mng
- Chc nng bo mt IP
- Tp hp v nh tuyn lu lng Femtocell, T ng cu hnh
Cng vi nhng nh ngha ny, din n Femto v 3GPP vn cn phi tin hnh nhiu cng
vic trong thi gian ti c th nh ngha cc kin trc bao gm mt kin trc c s luh vi
lucs vlups hng ti CN. Chi tit v nhng yu cu cho Femtocell c xem xt trong
bn thuyt mnh ca 3GPP: TS22.001 v hin nay cng nm trong bn mi: TS 22.220.

Cc nh cung cp yu cu cc giao thc v giao tip tiu chun phi c s dng gia im
truy nhp Femto v cng kt ni Femto, gia cng kt ni Femto v mng di ng. Trong pht
trin di hn, phi m bo tnh tng hp hon ton gia FAP v FGW t tt c cc nh cung
cp. t c cn phi tip tc cc hot ng tiu chun ha:
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 6

- Giao din gia cng kt ni Femto v im truy nhp Femto (bit ti vi tn luh trong 3GPP
Rel 8)
- Cc giao thc bo mt (Rel 9 trong 3GPP)
- UICC hoc TPM (trusted platform module) cho thit b nhn thc (FAP) (Rel 9 trong 3GPP)
- Qun l cc tnh nng da trn c s TR-069, v qun l cc tiu chun
- Trin khai giao din kim tra m trong cng kt ni Femto m bo tnh tng hp trn Fa
(luh).



C th thy kin trc ny gm hai thnh phn chnh l HNB (a.k.a. Femtocell) v HNB
gateway (a.k.a. Femto Gateway). Gia cc thnh phn ny l mt giao din mi Iu-h.
Home NodeB (HNB): c kt ni vi mt dch v bng rng gia nh hin c, mt HNB
cung cp vng bao ph v tuyn trong mt cn h theo chun ca thit b cm tay 3G. S kt
hp cht ch ca cc HNB th kh nng ca mt node B chun cng ging nh mt b iu
khin mng v tuyn RNC chun.
HNB Gateway (HNB-GW): c ci t trong mng ca nh khai thc, HNB Gateway tp
hp lu lng t mt s lng ln cc HNB ri a ln mng li thng qua chun Iu-cs v giao
din Iu-ps.
Giao din Iu-h: Nm gia HNB v HNB-GW, bao gm mt giao thc ng dng HNB
(HNBAP) cho php thun li trong trin khai cc HNB c bit. Giao in ny a ra mt
phng php cho vic truyn tn hiu iu khin Iu trn Internet.


3
T hp ba din n v cng ngh bng rng l 3GPP, Femto v Broadband cng b tiu
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 7

chun femtocell u tin trn th gii c 3GPP chnh thc xut bn, m ng cho vic chun
ho femtocell to ra mt s lng ln, cho php tng thch gia cc cng truy nhp ca cc
nh cung cp thit b khc nhau v cc cng kt ni femto (femto gateway). Tiu chun
femtocell l mt phn ca tiu chun 3GPP phin bn 8, hon ton c lp vi phn m rng
TR-069 (Technical Report-069) ca din n Broadband.





ph hp vi giao din v tuyn 3G cho in thoi di ng
ph hp vi h thng qun l t xa TR-069
ph hp vi giao din Iu
mt im giao din mi gia femtocell v gateway femtocell c gi l Iu-h
Chun femtocell bao gm bn phn chnh: cu trc mng; cc giao din v can nhiu v
tuyn; qun l, d liu v an ninh cho femtocell.
V mt cu trc mng, giao din ch yu gia hng triu femtocell tim nng v cc
gateway trong li mng c gi l Iuh. Vic s dng li cc giao thc 3GPP UMTS sn c v
m rng chng nhm mc ch h tr cc nhu cu trin khai femtocell s lng ln.

Chun mi chp nhn giao thc qun l TR-069 ca din n Broadband, c m rng
hp thnh mt m hnh d liu mi cho femtocell v c cng tc pht trin bi cc
thnh vin ca hai din n Femto v Broadband. Kt qu l din n Broadband xut bn
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 8

thnh TR-196 (Technical Report 196). TR-069 thc s c s dng rng ri trong cc mng
c nh bng rng v cc thit b chuyn i (set-top box) v s cho php cc nh khai thc di
ng trin khai h thng mt cch n gin v c th d liu, chn on v cp nht phn mm
t ng t xa. Chun mi cng s dng kt hp cc gii php an ninh bao gm cc giao thc
IKEv2 (Internet Key Exchange v2) v Ipsec (IP Security) xc nhn nh khai thc v thu bao
nhm t c mt s bo m bo mt trong qu trnh trao i d liu.
Da vo thnh cng cng ngh femtocell hp nht theo chun 3GPP phin bn 9,
hng n LTE femtocell cng nh h tr chc nng tin tin hn cho femtocell 3G. Tiu chun
femtocell cng ang c pht trin cho cc cng ngh giao din v tuyn b sung ph hp vi
cc nhm cng ngh khc.

Trong Rel-8, 3GPP c nh ngha l cch thc c bn cho s pht trin ca HNB
(Home NodeB) v HeNB (Home eNodeB). Nhng yu cu c ngh trong TS 22.011.
Trong Rel-9 cng cp n nhng yu cu t Rel-8 v nhng yu cu cho HNB v
HeNB trong TS22.220.
TR23.832 cp lin trc IMS cho HNB (HNB v HNB Gateway) nh 1 dung lng ty
ca HB, v d nh mt ngi khai thc mng offload CS n IMS.
T Rel-8, mt c trng quan trng c gi l CSG( Closed Subscriber Group) c
gii thiu. HNB cung cp cho nhng ngi dng truy cp b gii hn, ph thuc vo CSG. 1
hoc nhiu t bo thnh t bo CSG, c nhn dng bi s nhn dng s c nht, gi l CSG
Identify. N c m t trong TS25.367.
TS22.220 : Service requirements for HNB and HeNB
TR23.830 : Architecture aspects of HNB and HeNB
TR23.832 : IMS aspects of architecture for HNB
TS25.467 : UTRAN architecture for 3G HNB
TS25.367 : Mobility procedures for Home Node B (HNB)
TS25.469 : UTRAN Iuh interface HNB Application Part (HNBAP) signalling
TR25.820 : 3G Home Node B (HNB) study item
TR25.967 : FDD Home Node B (HNB) RF Requirements
TS32.581 : HNB OAM&P, Concepts and requirements for Type 1 interface HNB to
HNB Management System
TS32.582 : HNB OAM&P, Information model for Type 1 interface HNB to HNB
Management System
TS32.583 : HNB OAM&P, Procedure flows for Type 1 interface HNB to HNB Management
System
TR32.821 : Study of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) related OAM Interfaces for
Home HNB
TR33.820 : Security of HNB/HeNB
TS25468 : UTRAN Iuh Interface RANAP User Adaptation (RUA) signaling

Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 9


UMTS Network Architechture

Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 10

The Radio Access Network (RAN) : trong UMTS, RAN tng ng BSS trong mang GSM.
No lien ket UEs va mang loi.
Radio NetworkController (RNC) tng ng BSC trong mang GSM co chc nang ieu
khien mot vai node B va thc hin qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM) v c kh nng giao tip
trc tip vi RNCs khc thng qua giao din Iur. Giao tip RNC vi cc mng li bng mt giao
din gi l Iu.
RNC thc hin Call Admission Control (CAC) v chp nhn hoc t chi cuc gi ph thuc
vo NodeB yu cu cuc gi.
Femtocell 3G ph sng v tuyn 3G trong nh, khu vc cng cng v cc ta nh vn phng.
Mi Femtocell c th h tr 16 ngi s dng ti cng mt thi im trong phm vi
600m
Tc ti xung ln ti 22 Mbps v tc ti ln ti 6 Mbps
D ci t, chi ph trin khai thp





Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 11

Nhiu l mt vn quan trng trong thng tin di ng, nh hng n cht lng tn hiu, khi
x l tn hiu v truyn tn hiu th tn hiu s b mo dng hoc c tp m xen vo trong thit b
ti to tn hiu.
Femtocell c lp t ti nh ca khch hng, cc ta nh vn phng bng cch s dng lp t
bo Marco cellular layery l mt mi trng khng c s qun l cht ch nn nhiu rt d
xut hin.
5.1. Nhiu ng knh ( Cochannel Interference)
Nhiu ng knh l hin tng nhiu do cc ngun pht pht ra tn hiu cng mt tn s hoc
cng mt knh pht sng. My thu s thu c c hai tn hiu vi cng khc nhau ty vo v
tr v cng sut ca trm pht.

Trong h thng femtocell, nhiu ng knh xy ra do s dng li tn s nhm tng dung lng
cho h thng.
Khi 1 im truy cp Femtocel qu gn trm macrocell (nh hn 50m),lm cho im truy nhp b
gii hn v hiu qu ph sng, bi v mc tn hiu cao nhn c t m ng knh.
Khi 1 im truy cp qu xa macrocell, lm cho cc thit b di ng dng trong macrocell khng
bt c tn hiu t macro.
c trng cho nhiu ng knh l t s C/I( t s sng mang trn nhiu) th hin mi quan h
gia cng tn hiu mong mun so vi nhiu ng knh t cc femtocell khc
C/I = 10log (Pc/Pi)
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 12

Yu cu l C/I <=12dB.
Trong :
Pc l cng sut tn hiu thu mong mun.
Pi l cng sut nhiu thu c.
5.2 Nhiu knh k ( Adjacent channel interference)
Nhiu knh k xy ra do tn hiu t cc macrocell ln cn i vi thit b di ng trong vng
macrocell ang xt, hoc do nhiu ca cc nh cung cp dch v .




5.3 Kt lun:
Nhiu ng knh:
Thit k mng cellular ph hp.
Thit k sao cho cc cell trong mng c s dng cng nhm
tn s khng nh hng ti nhau =>khong cch cc cell cng tn s phi ln.
Nhiu knh k:
Cn c 1 b lc tt c th loi b tn s khng mong mun.

Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 13

Cc gii php cho php kt ni t femtocell n mng li di ng (core network CN)
Trong phn ny, nhm tp trung trnh by qu trnh tch hp femtocell vo mng 3G UMTS v
dch v thoi trn mng chuyn ni mch (circuit-switched) s c ly lm v d minh ha.
iu ny khng ngn cn vic dng gii php femtocell tch hp vi mng GSM/GPRS hay
c mng WiMAX, cng nh vic dng cc dch v a phng tin trn mng chuyn ni gi
thng qua femtocell. Trn thc t, chnh cc dch v chuyn ni gi ny mi l ng lc ln thc
y ngi dng n nhn femtocell.
Trong mng thng tin di ng th h th 3G UMTS, cc trm pht sng Node B (bao gm cc
macro-cell, micro-cell hay c pico-cell) kt ni trc tip vi khi iu khin mng v tuyn RNC
(Radio Network Controller) bng ng truyn dnh ring nh E1/T1. Cc RNC ghp cc lu
lng d liu t cc Node B trc khi gi chng n mng li di ng. RNC phn pht lu
lng thoi (ca mng chuyn ni mch) n cc tng i MSC (Mobile Switching Center)
thng qua giao din Iu-CS v d liu gi (ca mng chuyn ni gi) n SGSN (Serving GPRS
Support Node) thng qua giao din Iu-PS.
V l do gi thnh v tin li s dng, femtocell phi p ng tnh nng (plug-and-play) ging
nh cch m ngi ta ci t v s dng mt trm truy nhp WiFi. Trong tng lai, hng ngn
femtocell s c ni kt vi kin trc mng li di ng thng qua mng cng cng Internet.
iu ny t ra bi ton v kh nng m rng (scalability), tnh bo mt v s chun ha ca cc
thit b v gii php. Di y, chng ta s cng tm hiu 4 gii php c ngh kt ni
thit b femtocell n mng li di ng.


Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 14

a) Kin trc da trn UMTS
Gii php u tin i theo hng gi nguyn h tng mng nm pha sau RNC. Vic lin lc t
cc femtocell v mng li s thc hin bng ng hm IP c bo mt thng qua mng IP
bng rng cng cng. Chng ta c th phn ra 2 loi: Iub trn IP (nu ng hm IP c thit
lp gia femtocell v RNC) v Iu trn IP (nu ng hm c thit lp gia RNC v
MSC/SGSN). Trong khung gii php ny, Iu-concentrator (cn c gi l Femtocell Gateway -
FGW) c ngh nh im tp trung lu lng thng tin t hng nghn femtocell trc khi
i vo mng li di ng tng kh nng m rng (scalability).

Gii php Iub trn IP
Trong gii php ny, femtocell ng vai tr ca mt Node B, cn FGW s nm gia femtocell v
RNC nh minh ha hnh 1. Gii php ny thch hp khi c t ngi kt ni vi femtocell cng
lc (v d trong gia nh hay vn phng t ngi). Ty theo s lng femtocell kt ni vi FGW
m FGW v RNC c th thit k trong cng mt thit b hay 2 thit b ring l. y ta xt
trng hp chng tch bit nhau v lin lc gia FGW v RNC thc hin trn giao din Iub.

Hnh 1 : Kin trc gii php Iub-trn-IP
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 15

Hnh 2 : B giao thc ca gii php Iub trn IP

Femtocell c s xc thc gm 16 bit nh mt cell-ID. FGW c nhim v ghp lu lng t
nhiu femtocell n v chuyn tip chng n RNC dng giao thc FP (Framing Protocol). Giao
thc Iub c ng gi trong cc gi IP (cn gi l ng hm Iub). Bo mt s c m bo
bi giao thc IPSec. Ngay lc u lp t, femtocell s to mt lin hip bo mt vi FGW
trnh nhng thng tin thu bao gi n t mng IP cng cng. Femtocell dng TR-069
1
hay mt
c ch tng t cu hnh a ch IP ca n t mt my ch cu hnh t ng ACS (Auto
Configuration Server). RNC v FGW s cng nhau thc hin chc nng qun l ti nguyn, c
bit dnh ring cho cc chuyn giao gia femtocell v macrocell. Nu mng li khng h tr
truyn ti IP, RNC s lm nhim v chuyn i IP-sang-ATM v ngc li.
Cc chc nng nh qun l di ng MM (Mobility Management) v iu khin cuc gi CC
(Call Control) c thc hin bi mng li. Vi gii php ny, nu femtocell v macrocell cng
thuc s qun l ca mt RNC, s chuyn giao gia femtocell v macrocell s thuc loi intra-
RNC. Trong trng hp ngc li, s chuyn giao gia femtocell v macrocell s l inter-RNC.
Khi chuyn giao t macrocell sang femtocell, the CN v UE s chn femtocell thch hp, thit
lp bo hiu Iub v to ng hm vn ti thng qua mng IP cng cng gia FGW v
femtocell. Ti nguyn v tuyn gia femtocell v UE c qun l bi giao thc RRC (Radio
Resource Control) RNC. Mt khi vic thit lp ng hm Iub hon tt, mng li s chuyn
cuc gi sang femtocell. Trong chuyn giao t femtocell sang macrocell, RNC s tin hnh thit
lp kt ni vi macrocell trc khi chuyn cuc gi sang macrocell. Trong chuyn giao gia 2
femtocell, RNC s ng vai tr l nt neo (anchor) trong qu trnh thit lp ng hm Iub ti
femtocell ch n.
Tr ngi ca gii php ny nm gii hn m rng ca RNC p ng hng ngn Node-B
(bao gm cc femtocell). khc phc phn no tnh trng ny, FGW c ngh. Mc d
giao din Iub l mt giao din chun nhng n li c thm nhiu c tnh ring ty thuc theo


Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 16

gii php ca nh cung cp thit b mng. Chnh v th, n thiu mt s nht qun chung gia
nhng nh sn xut thit b khc nhau.
Gii php Iu trn IP
Trong gii php ny, cc femtocell s c tch hp vi mng li di ng thng qua cc FGW
nh minh ha hnh 3. Nhng chc nng ca RNC v Node B s c ci t trn femtocell v
do femtocell s lin lc vi FGW thng qua giao din 3G Iu trn IP. S nhn din ca
femtocell trong trng hp ny khi lin lc vi FGW c dng a ch ca mt RNC (12
bits). FGW to ng hm cho cc thng ip bo hiu RANAP t femtocell n mng li. Nu
mng li khng h tr vn ti IP, FGW s m nhim vic chuyn i gia truyn ti IP v
truyn ti ATM nh vo giao thc truyn ti bo tin SIGTRAN. Cng ging nh trn, trong gii
php Iub trn IP, ngay khi lp t, femtocell s to mt lin hip bo mt vi FGW v dng TR-
069 hay mt c ch tng t cu hnh a ch IP ca n. Thm vo y, femtocell s s
dng ACS cu hnh cc thng s qun l ti nguyn cng nh thut ton thc hin trong mi
trng femtocell.
Hnh 3: Kin trc gii php
Iu trn IP
FGW l im tp trung lu lng t hng ngn femtocell gi n v tch gi lu lng thoi v
d liu n tng i MSC v SGSN ging nh chc nng ca mt RNC. V d, thng tin thoi s
c gi t femtocell n FGW dng RTP trn UDP, sau FGW s chuyn i thng tin thoi
ny sang IP, ATM hay DTM tng ng vi truyn ti ca mng li. Tm li, FGW gi lp vai
tr ca mng li di ng i vi cc femtocell v gi lp RNC i vi mng li di ng. Do vy,
vi gii php ny ta khng cn bt c s thay i no h tng mng li. bo mt thng tin
gi t femtocell n FGW qua mng IP cng cng, giao thc IPSec c chn dng. Mt cng
bo mt s c ci t cng vi FGW . y cng chnh l im kt thc ca cc ng
hm IPSec n t cc femtocell.
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 17



Hnh 4: B giao thc ca gii php Iu trn IP
Khi ngi dng chuyn giao t femtocell sang mt macrocell, nu c 2 u cng thuc s qun
l ca mt MSC/SGSN, chuyn giao ny s thuc loi inter-RNC. Nu khng, chuyn giao gia
femtocell v macrocell s c thc hin nh mt chuyn giao inter-MSC/SGSN. Khi chuyn t
mt macrocell sang mt femtocell, UE v CN s xc nh femtocell thch hp da vo danh
sch cc cell cn k, thit lp bo hiu Iu v ng hm truyn ti gia femtocell v FGW thng
qua mng IP. Vic qun l ti nguyn gia femtocell v UE c thc hin nh s phi hp ca
giao thc RRC v RANAP (nh hnh 4). Mt khi ng hm Iu c thit lp, mng li s
chuyn cuc gi thoi ti femtocell s dng giao thc qun l di ng MM v giao thc qun l
cuc gi CC MSC v UE. Trong qu trnh chuyn giao theo chiu ngc li, tc t femtocell
sang macrocell, giao thc RANAP ti MSC v giao thc RRC ti RNC ch n thit lp kt ni
macrocell trc khi cuc gi c chuyn giao. i vi chuyn giao gia 2 femtocell,
MSC/SGSN ng vai tr nh mt im neo thit lp ng truyn v ng hm Iu mi ti
femtocell ch n.
Femtocell c chc nng qun l ti nguyn cc b gia femtocell v nhng ngi dng. Tuy
nhin, cht lng dch v ph thuc vo s kt ni vi mng IP cng cng. Nhng vn nh
tr IP hay mt gi tin d nhin s nh hng n cht lng dch v trn femtocell. y l
mt gii php nhanh nht v n gin nht trin khai femtocell. Tuy nhin, do tt c dung
lng t cc kt ni femtocells s v mng li, iu ny c th s dn n yu cu phi nng
cp mng li.
b) Kin trc da trn gii php UMA/GAN
Cng ngh UMA cho php thc hin cc dch v GSM /GPRS trn cc bng tn khng cp php
(s dng cho Bluetooth v WiFi). UMA c 3GPP chun ha vi tn gi l cng ngh GAN
(Generic Access Network). UMA/GAN ngh mt thc th mi gi l GANC (GAN
controller), hay UNC (UMA Network Controller) thc hin cc chc nng ging nh mt b
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 18

iu khin trm gc BSC trong GSM. GAN nh ngha mt giao din Up mi gia GANC v
thit b di ng UE.
c) Kin trc da trn IMS
Gii php ny nhm kt ni femtocell trc tip vi mng li IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem).
Mt gii php thay th trong cng hng ny l dng softwitch trong cc femtocell c kt
ni vi cc softwitch thng qua giao din SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). Vic kt ni trc
tip vi IMS li mang li nhiu li ch nh: gim ti lu lng cho mng li di ng v lu
lng t cc femtocell s khng phi i qua mng li, gim thi gian truyn ti v gim s nt
mng m mt gi thng tin phi i qua. Cui cng, y mt gii php di hn cung cp dch
v a phng tin ca IMS trong tng lai.
Ket luan: Ta thy c nhiu cch tch hp hng nghn femtocells vi mng li di ng. Mi
gii php c nhng im mnh v nhng im yu ring, c sc hp dn ring i vi tng
nhm nh cung cp dch v. Trong mi trng hp, phn cng ca femtocell s khng thay i,
ch c phn mm v giao din bo hiu m femtocell phi h tr l thay i. Do kh nng
nng cp phn mm t xa femtocell l mt yu t cn thit. Vic tn ti nhiu gii php kin
trc dn n yu cu v tng vn gia cc thit b, cc gii php.
Qun l giao din v tuyn ca cc Femtocell gn ging vi qun l macrocell thng thng, tuy
nhin vi mt s lng ln Femtocell nn cc vn gp phi cng tng ln.

Cc tin cho vic trin khai thu bao
im truy nhp Femto s c trin khai ti nh khch hng v mt s mi trng khng kim
sot. Bi th cc khch hng c th thc hin mt s hot ng c th nh hng ti hiu nng
hot ng ca lp Femtocell m khng thng bo cho nh khai thc. Nhng hnh ng nh vy
bao gm:
- Tho b v thit lp li ngun, ngt kt ni DSL.
- Di chuyn v tr vt l im truy nhp Femto, thit t li im truy nhp Femto.
- S dng cng ng kt ni DSL vi cc ng dng d liu khc.
- Mt s hnh ng khc gm c tc ng va p vi im truy nhp Femto.

Cc yu cu qun l Femtocell
Cc nh cung cp s yu cu cc iu khon v kh nng qun l cc Femtocell, khng mu
thun vi cc h thng qun l c s dng cho cc macrocell thng thng. Danh sch nhng
yu cu c lit k di y c th hu dng trong vic lp hp ng:
- Qun l bn kim k (c bit l phn phi l ti khch hng).
- D liu thit b Femtocell cho cc im truy nhp Femto c nhn hoc tp th.
- C kh nng nhn bit cc im truy nhp Femto c nhn v kt ni vi khch hng.
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 19

- Kch hot/gii phng thit b Femtocell, c kh nng thit lp hoc ngt truyn dn v tuyn
Femtocell, khng ch c bt k iu khin no do khch hng to ra.
- Qun l cu hnh. Kh nng cu hnh cc thng s v tuyn quan trng nh l nng lng
truyn, tn s. Ch rng cng c th cu hnh t ng nhng thng s ny, tuy nhin cc nh
cung cp s c cc ty chnh c th khng ch cc tnh hung.
- Qun l hng hc
1. Cnh bo v thng bo dng nhn bit cc hng hc do ngi s dng tt FAP hoc cc
kt ni bng rng.
2. Nhn bit v tr v c kh nng cu hnh li hoc ngt im truy nhp Femto nu nh v tr
b thay i.
- Qun l thay i, bao gm kh nng iu khin nng cp phn mm
- Kim sot dch v, qun l hiu nng hot ng v dung lng
- Qun l danh sch cp iu khin truy nhp. Thm na, cc nh cung cp phi c kh nng cu
hnh, thay i, v khng ch c nhng thay i ca khch hng.

Tng kt v khuyn ngh
Mt h thng qun l y s l mt ch s quan trng nh gi s thnh cng ca vic trin
khai Femtocell. N rt quan trng trong vic m bo cht lng dch v tt cho khch hng v
trnh c nhng chi ph khng cn thit trong vic qun l v h tr gii php Femtocell. Cc
nh khai thc cn c kh nng kim sot, iu khin v nng cp im truy nhp Femto trong
nh khch hng. Cc nh cung cp xut gii php TR-069 trn din n bng rng gii
quyt vic iu khin nhng yu cu qun l. TR-069 l tp cc giao thc gii quyt nhng
yu cu ca cc modem DSL v vic cu hnh ca chng. Tuy nhin, TR-069 khng chi
tit ha cc thng s v v tuyn v cu hnh ngi s dng, chng c th yu cu s m rng
ca cc tiu chun hin ti hoc cc phng php khc cho vic cu hnh. Hin ti BBF v FF
ang lm vic trn mt m hnh chung v s c cp n trong chun 3GPP SA5.

xut c a ra l cn c s hp tc trong cng ngh thng qua cc din n Femto, din
n Bng rng (thng c bit ti l din n DSL), 3GPP v Lin minh Di ng M (Open
Mobile Alliance) nh hng v to iu kin cho s xy dng cc qun l tiu chun cho h
thng qun l Femtocell.

Kim sot v tr im truy nhp
V cc Femtocell hot ng trong ph v tuyn cho php, nn cc nh khai thc cn phi kim
sot v tr Femto hot ng xc nh im truy nhp hot ng trong nc hoc di tn nm
ngoi di cho php. H thng qun l Femtocell phi c kh nng ngt hoc ngn s khi to ca
im truy nhp nu v tr khng th c xy dng. iu ny yu cu mt kt ni ti h thng
qun l trong qu trnh thit b khi to v sau l v tr chnh xc c xc nhn trong qu
trnh thit b hot ng.





Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 20



K thut chnh xc
AGPS chnh xc <100m
Mng Macro sniffing chnh xc <300m ( th)
Cng DSL/a ch IP
Ph thuc vo RIR tuy nhin c th xc nh khu
vc/quc gia
a ch ci t cung cp cho
thu bao
nh x a ch chnh xc
Bng 1. V tr vt l v bo v ca cc im im truy nhp Femto

Khi a Femtocell vo nh cc thu bao s m ra mng di ng vi nhng ri ro mi v cn phi
c bo m. Cc khch hng s c truy nhp trc tip ti mt hng mc ca thit b m c kt
ni trc tip ti mng di ng. H s c kh nng truy nhp vt l vo phn cng ca cc thnh
phn ca thit b v thch ng hoc thay i thit b cho php s dng gian ln gn ging vi
khi thc hin vi thit b thu v tinh v cp.

Khuyn ngh cc nh khai thc s dng tnh nng O&M phng truy nhp bt hp php vo
im truy nhp Femto, bao gm gi mo thng bo, s c mm t ng v thng bo nu cc
thnh phn hoc cc thng s quan trng nh l nng lng truyn b tc ng thay i. Cc
im truy nhp phi c cng c c v mt vt l v logic, th d cng c h iu hnh (OS),
khng c cng m, o c trnh cc d liu nhy cm n h thng ng truyn dn v b
nh ca thit b, ngn cn, bo v, da trn nn tnh ton tin cy... Vic khi ng cc phn mm
cho cc im truy nhp phi c bo v bi mt ha nh l s dng mt TPM (Trusted
platform module) v cp nht d liu cho ton b cc phn mm, thay i cu hnh cng phi
c m bo bi mt ha. im truy nhp Femto phi c cung cp mt b hin th cho c
mc ch bo v v cnh bo.

Nhn thc thit b Femtocell
S dng UICC c xut trong 3GPP SA3 TR nh l mt ty chn iu khin h tr nhn
thc thit b, tuy nhin cch tip cn ny c th khng phi l mt ty chn c s dng. S
trin khai ca mt c cu ph hp ghp cp UICC v FAP s to iu kin cho vic nhn thc
ca mt FAP vi mt th bi an ton nh l th UICC. Ghp cp an ton yu cu mt knh an
ton c xy dng gia im truy nhp Femto v UICC. Mt v d trin khai c th hin
trong ETSI TS 102 484.

Mt c cu ghp cp thit thc, khng nhy cho kiu tha hip bo mt m c chng minh
qua c cu kha SIM trong cc thit b di ng cm tay, c th c s dng gn kt UICC
vi FAP. Nh vy c cu s gim nh, nu khng chng li, ri ro ca vic dng th bi nhn
thc trong cc thit b cm. iu ny s ngn cc thit b cm c trang b vo cc b c
UICC t truy nhp nhn c ti nh iu mng IP.

Thng tin chi tit c cung cp trong TR 33.820, TPM l bt buc v UICC cho my ch
nhn thc l c kh nng iu chnh c s dng v trin khai trong FAP.
Nhm 1 VK1 FEMTOCELL
H My
Lng Ngc Trinh
V Th Ngn Huyn Page 21

S y quyn
Nhng ngi s dng yu cu mt im truy nhp Femto s mua t h thng phn phi bn l
bao gm in thoi v my tnh. im truy nhp s cn phi cu hnh mng vi cc thng s
ngi s dng v trong tt c cc trng hp bt k im truy nhp no u phi c hp php
ha bi nh khai thc mng trc khi c th s dng dch v.

Cp php thut ton
C th coi nh cc im truy nhp Femto s b tn cng cho php vic nghe trm v truy nhp
bt hp php. Do , khi sn xut im truy nhp, mt iu quan trng l phi m bo theo kp
cng ngh GSM v UMTS ngy nay v cc thut ton c trin khai trn nhng thit b ca
chng.

Bo v chng gian ln
Cc bin php bo mt phi ph hp vi vic trin khai tng im truy nhp femto c th. Mt
s ng dng Femtocell c th khng ch c, hoc gy xung t vi mt s c cu bo mt
c ng dng trong cng ngh di ng. c bit, cc th tc qun l tnh di ng ca Femtocell
c th nh hng khng tt ti chc nng IMSI tm thi (TMSI), IMSI c yu cu truyn r
rng hn.

Cc khuyn ngh t GSMA l cc giao din an ton c s dng gia im truy nhp Femto v
mng di ng cung cp tnh bo mt c v gc vt l v logic ca cc d liu nhy cm v
cc im truy nhp Femto, m bo n khng bao gi nm ngoi min c bo m trong
im truy nhp Femto, ch c cc TMSI c s dng qua khng gian.
Ch l thit b c kh nng c s dng cho cc mc ch phi php. Cc thit b Femtocell ch
c cung cp cho nhng khch hng uy tn, khi iu ny b vi phm th c kh nng cc im
truy nhp Femto c s dng thc hin cc cuc gi bt hp php...

Mng v bo mt Backhaul (Backhaul Security)
Vic kt ni im truy nhp Femto thng qua mng Internet cng cng v cc lin kt DSL to
ra mt s vn v bo mt mi. Nhng vn ny bao gm t bo v chng li vic nghe trm
cc cuc gi ti vic ngi s dng lp thm cc thit b thay i lung vo mng pha sau. Bt
k gii php bo mt no cng phi iu khin mt cch hiu qu a cuc gi ng thi. S e
da ng k nht tn ti trn vi mt cui cng ti im truy nhp Femto, chng thng da trn
c s Ethernet. Xa hn, backhaul trn mng WAN l quan trng cp 2.
gim nh nhng vn ny GSMA khuyn ngh lu lng im truy nhp Femto tr IP ni
b, v lu lng Internet phi c an ton s dng IPSEC VPN thng qua xDSL backhaul (tuy
nhin, ch l c nhng gii pho bo mt khc tn ti bao gm SRTP). Vi tt c lung lu
lng c m bo an ton nh mt m ha bao gm lu lng ngi s dng v iu khin.

Bo mt nhn thc im truy nhp Femtocell
Mi e da chnh cho s trao i ca cc Femtocell l s trin khai v s dng cc thit b nhi
hoc khng hp php. S bo v phi c cung cp chng li cc im truy nhp bt hp php
kt ni ti mng. S dng cc im truy nhp l n trm v khng r ngun gc phi c
nh a ch bi nhn thc thit b c miu t trong khuyn ngh pha trn.