p.u.

KW
Lagging p.f. Leading p.f.
0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
O
ENGINE KW
LIMIT LINE
ALTERNATOR OUTPUT (STATOR CURRENT)
LIMITED BY STATOR HEATING
(ALTERNATOR RATED OUTPUT)
ALTERNATOR OUTPUT (STATOR SURRENT)
LIMITED BY ROTOR HEATING
AT POWER FACTORS BELOW 0.8
0.8 pf LAGGING
REAL POWER
VAR EXPORT VAR IMPORT
REACTIVE POWER
p.u. KVAR (lagging)
REACTIVE POWER
p.u. KVAR (leading)
K
V
A
KVAR (lagging) KVAR (leading)
ALTERNATOR OUTPUT (STATOR CURRENT)
LIMITED BY ENGINE POWER
AT POWER FACTORS ABOVE 0.8
ALTERNATOR OUTPUT (STATOR CURRENT)
LIMITED BY STATOR END IRON HEATING
AND VOLTAGE INSTABILITY AT LEADING POWER FACTORS
KW
GENERATOR SET
OPERATING RANGE SHOWN
BOUNDED BY THE BLUE LINE
UNITY
POWER
FACTOR
GENERATOR SET
CAPABILITY CURVE
VOLTAGE INSTABILITY
REGION
LOW POWER FACTOR RESULTS
IN THE ALTERNATOR BEI NG
OVER-EXCITED - HIGH ROTOR (FIELD)
CURRENT
HIGH ROTOR (FIELD) CURRENT
LEADS TO HEATING IN THE ROTOR
WINDINGS
LEADING POWER FACTOR RESULTS
IN THE ALTERNATOR BEI NG
UNDER-EXCITED - LOW ROTOR (FIELD)
CURRENT
LOW ROTOR (FIELD) CURRENT
LEADS TO STATOR END IRON
HEATING
0.8 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.0
ALTERNATOR THEORETICAL
CAPABILITY CURVE
ALTERNATOR THEORETICAL
CAPABILITY CURVE