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13.7 .

-
. Friedmann-Lematre model

gravitational singularity .
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primordial matter nucleosynthesis
-- . Alpher-Bethe-Gamow theory

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1935
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spiral nebulae
. 1927
Georges Lematre ---
Friedmann-Lematre-Robertson-Walker equations
spiral nebulae
" " . Big Bang 1929
Edwin Hubble .

. cosmological
principle
static universe .

I Type Ia supernova
cosmic microwave background radiation
0.2 13.7 .
- Lambda-
CDM model .
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35-10
exponential growth . cosmic inflation
- quark-gluon plasma
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baryogenesis

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35-10 12-10 . 1027 1015
35-10 33-10 32-10 : 22-10 .

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