1l'RODUCORY ESSAYS

(f , \eJltLr uf the maze. ShOJl of whih wc afC still in a duality." Ilcllee

wc 5ay that the very im?iica:ions of the p.1 .rase "relig:ous toJn\e art
to be voided: diversit
y of ilh is rnt m:nrr for un .. illing "tnIIT:tinn,"
:U of ciYulV affOinU7ent. And dt ^ill hoB good even iE inclely
:c;e that other fait: r re mfenor to ou own, and in t:s sense ce.a'
:ively "cvi]"': :or ;S !ugustine 5Ys, "Thl dmirhl hlanl of ;br, 1101.
ver! :s Rlal. up of all things. In whidl YL. wht i (idled il, W-oI'
dcred fnd in its plac,
i
s :he eCHnent commendaton of wh i good"
(ErchiruicJ Xlii), Mhom St. Thomas ql1ote wi:h approval, ",dding t:r
"Th Wli"erse, the VJese:IL u:ation bng 5UW'tJ, canlCl I Lel.er, Ix
11b of t mWst be&utiful order .i'en to thir:}s by G(jd" (Sum. Thol.
1-48.1 lld 1.:5.6 ad 3). As Algunine also says, "There i. no evll in th:ngl,
but only in th sim:er's misuse of theJ" (Dt ductJlra chriJi(mc Ill.I:).
As to the sinncr'3 "mimse," who can OOC 1o of tht, with respect to
which it h5 been baid, "Judge not, tft ye be not iudged}
]1I the Illatlr u1 Jilct;OIl LOllard Lh Kingdcm DE I-Ie; `cn "within
you." the modern world is far more lacking :n the \vjL to seek, :han
:/kely to be led sr3} by blbe directio:. Fr1m the Satan:c pint et view
thne i,l)u:d hirJly uc i.ag:uJ a OtllC! 1Clil':ly lhdn to be engaged in
the "conycrsion of the hcatl: .cn" trom one to another hoer 0: dogmas: :hat,
surely, w:s not wiat wa nnt by the inju:l:tbn, "Go thm1 ani preach
ll\ Kiq;uuUJ u GoJ"-ur < He litacn, when He said, "T King.
dom of Heaven is within you"?
2Snhu JrJyilp'r, cnl",JriwS'i - ..
The "E" " Delphi
Tnl esial procedure of inirbrory rirl.., hy whirh the rll.th of old
nan and tne rc:irth of a r:cw man are efected, and the conditi1ns oE !\C
t pntr2!i', are alike nIl over the world. Firmieu Mcte:nus, Ue eTr
rrfanarum di;i()num (rh. xvm), de:lling with tbese .ubjects,! rtminds
cs tat tere ae rght answcs to the right quetion! (habe/lt clim .(,opri
signa propria rJPcnsa), and that the right amwer (proprum re!ponsum)
is mrr hy rhr initild (homo morifuu/) prechely s the proof o his
right to be admitted (ut po
i
t :dmitti). A typicaJ examJ. lt u1 such = .ig
?7 md of thC wrong nnd right answers be cited trom the Jaiminiya
Upin:,fad Rr!hmala, IlI.J4-I'. When the dece:sed reache$ the Sundcor
tl quc,tion is akd, "Wh( art thour" If lie allSllers Ly his uwu I L) a
family name" he i; dragged away by the flletOf! of tie. He :ol.ld :e
p(nr, "Who I am (is) the Ligh thou (af) (ko'h(m esmi M t!am).
[This ore 3 n .r p1.hi;,hrd i tht &:tWl 0: R!igi,'!, VI (l9t).-l.j
'For Fiu::cm Mlrcrnu., . . G. no rr t JfT_ ''Th .)MlO.\ in Firmic,s
Matcnu,M :r. Egy" Rbli"". 1 (1(3) .
"Nam", T f O:' ( .. A 11.,.6). U h no peen1 or fy n:lm (BU
111.8.8). T [ t Q nyoD (KU U.I:, d j, tolloWI that te 4U be T
ICWM TGod, no :N3tO (f whd:, i CU$a's words, on "Mui" oni dts
t:frtiur is iDdisp=l) for ayn who $(il is Q. Th injl
i
o: nae
"$<, i not his but Agn' (KB "1.2.3), d. eal T7_ ."" "uc". i non ":"(
ut (Jn4t ir W. Cad Sea, HQW ;": dl l 'ud IUfC; J quo Udt t
for" (P"o 1.&5, 8"); an Q t namQ of :I:e rivn J lost b th: sea, 5 in
: rao ad likei loot when \ ,ceh Him (A ('.('a. Pra;n UV. YJ.).
"Ala ,;ch wanit dr tropic i du me" (Ikhrt, Pfdfc: cd., t. '4), d. Rum;
,
"that your crop may become t 5 mJ "I":(:u< J.1 Juow! of cad who
:er!, that he;, 'and ~ '` (Odes XI! lnd xv iu Dil',,), artd L.o-tz. Ta Tt Cjy
XXXII. "To Ta II uodel IJcvCU "il ("!ne as .reams fw iJto gieat rh'e
OI SCQ, ("H th.t f'ld. (God) l""'''J'' ]vl (in Him): :i:e a torreJt he i absorbed
cr. te Oenf (M"""""; !.4"5)" And :. accoding to the imcriptinn citrli hy
V. Magnicn, U My,r2Tcs J'tiwi; (Paiis, 1933), p. 334. "Pour mon TOT O rhe,eil:
p ^ qui jt ,ui: k rite mtique j'cmrna C .en llUt vers ! mcr empourpr&."
Sc .1", Cvc""uaw1Jny. ".kirca!!a: Slf.NaugIHlne" [in r;, VII._D.j, "nc
'S"y",JT1"U; /,;ua Ccdl [h Vol. I of Ihis edition-E.].
I:\"TRODUCTORY ESSAYS
As 5UCI: have I \J1le ,hee, the hea,enly Lght." lIe (Praja?a: the Sun)
repiic, "V,ho thot: <._ that same am 1; who 1 am, that same ar: thou.
Enter in." Of numerous parllel; th;t might he rirrr, rnhps rhl" 1
striking i Rumi's mYlh of the IIUlI 'iu knocked at his hiend's dor and
was akcd "Wr_G art tho'Jr" He answered "]." "Begone," said h fiend.
After a year's separation and tribulation he came md knorkrd gin,
and to the same queston n:plitr.l, "'Tis lbou Ht Jllhc ceer," ana relciYcd
the reply, "SinV< tot art I, come in, 0 nyoelf.'''
Now there \ be . qued: that the e:ltrnce te the temple of Apollo
r Ddphi was litenlly a SUJlUUOf, a WdY iBlu lhe house 11 ten"!pie of te
S'Jn. The supe;scription, "K:oW thyd" (ywAh (<tT)v) demands
knowid
g
of the mswer to the q\stio, "Who art th:lU?''' and may be
sid, in rhe veiled Ia!lguage of the myst\riV, to ,,k lhi, very queslion.
The injunction, a Pltarc sap': i5 addrcSKc by the Cod to a] wr.o ap
proach him: ond the famous "E" he takes to b their right amwer. If
no, <.^ he ;llr: "lIgzen, "E" rands fo El, and if ',e takt [run hi yarillu
interpretations ,he m\ingl (r) the SU:l (Apollo) <Dd (2) "thDU art,"
3 M7Jhrm'i IjO6-305; f. &ng of Snngs ,,3, "Si ignC" . grc1r.'
4Tht th i,,,cription ctu.lly p:.n thi, ,p"tJOfl JS "pkit 1 X'lophon, MY.Drt
bifi 1".;." whr' Scrte" s Euthyd_rl<, "Did you h_d It, and try V (omider
wh, you w"d" (oOr' 1'1<)'
`Mord;" 3!D i. ("Th '3' t D,iphi"). It is likewi,e a,"'med in Plato (C :"""nje;
164) lhuc the injunction "KnoVl thl"e:' is r.ot "a pice of udv:c" tut "the God';
,aluta(i.n (,r'"Iw") to th[c whc cnt:!," <10d thtthe wards are _,pal,= by th God
V tha. whD arc entring his tempI-, ;'oth'wis' than men s?tk" and
"
vcy
cni;n'.aticaIlJ" (I;V)'IC(i&o"pov); i.e., "non in doetis humanc apinuc vcrbi
,cd in domina Spi:itm" I:I Co,. .:q).
The wcds ''Knew thy,df" He ;'eJLi'J11"li ," it wou!J apc<r. oy bec':5 tey
b takm to rder O J kllu""bJg u iJlel ULl uf uaj', two fOU\o DC ,c\v", 6e
bocLy a::ld mortal er :l:c incOrpareli a:d immortal, !| often ,[",kell ui oy P:aL
and in th Vedic philoscnhy. In Xnophon. Memorablia J'1.Z.: (cl. jll..6), S,Ule,
1peab of "se\f-knJwledge" s tc knowkd of one's own poCs and ! iI.:adom
:d. P1;10, D .,puiafibus Itzib, 14 and PJmarch, .Gr(ia 394C]; but this is ir con
enai"n wilh , mn,ccirtri tra!l who think.1 h <lrtadv kncw h'D,df "who" h i,
"Euthy:emm" by JC. But in Aicifiudr.< T.13.f., Sc,c!at' .Iay that "h who
ord!<_ ':now Ihy.It: bid, 1S lnow th <oul," .nr go< on to say 6at who
know. only whn i, ot tl. . :d ''know< Ih thing, th.t IC hi bm nm hi"Tsdf'
(T( "'C; aA,' oix "{.",); d. BU 1.5.15.
.
1.1 a parallel te these distinction, my be cited Pimorch'1 r:di(ul, of ,hose who
cannot dilc',r. guisl-. Apcllo :ram thc Sun (Motilii 393D, fCOC)), passog.s tht echo
UWi &fil, Wh1C Plill:> ,ay> trut "that bcdy of Helios i , 3C:n by all, hi, ,oul by
non," a:Jd leBll AV :..3" 4' "Him (lhe Sun) L mer. ,ee, nOt all know with t:,C
mind."
11
THE "1" AT DELPI II
nd ossume that bt;1 thes meaning> ore contoined i the one enigmatic
syllable, we h.\e the signum, "\;ho rt thou (at t:"l door) '" and the
1e,polsum, "The Sun thou an (am 1)." h i Lnlaill that no other true
answer could have been given by inyo[le "qcalifed :0 go in unto uuion
with he Sl'n. '.
"rUB 1.G.i.
45
THE MAJOR ESSAYS