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A Perfect Storm in The Amazon Wilderness, Development and Conservation in The Context of The Initiative For Integration of The Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)
A Perfect Storm in The Amazon Wilderness, Development and Conservation in The Context of The Initiative For Integration of The Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)
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1. Killeen et al. 2007b.
2. Derivado a partir de informes publicados acerca del total de cobertura boscosa en la amazonia brasilea (Btito-Carreres et al. 2005, PRODES 2007).
3. Resultados no publicados de un estudio de deforestacin de los pases andinos recientemente nalizado por Conservacin Internacional (Harper et al. 2007).
4. FAO 2005.
Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science Numero 7, Julio 2007
100
Una Tormenta Perfecta en la Amazona Conservacin Internacional
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Killeen
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science
101
Anexo
rea Silvestre de Alta
Biodiversidad de la
Amazona
Supercie
(km
2
)
Total rea
protegida (km
2
)
% rea
protegida
Total territorios
indgenas (km
2
)
% territorios
indgenas
Total rea protegida
y territorios
indgenas (km
2
)
% Total reas
protegidas
y territorios
indgenas
Brasil 4,231,358 951,235 22.5 941,760 22.3 1,758,856 41.6
Bolivia 354,496 37,282 6.3 76,722 21.6 103,565 25.7
Colombia 448,130 62,549 14.0 211,110 47.1 256,320 57.2
Ecuador 70,840 16,434 23.2 12 0.0 16,445 23.2
Per 659,586 154,692 21.0 154,317 12.8 205,831 31.2
Venezuela 416,919 300,675 72.1 1,835 0.4 300,806 72.1
Guayana Francesa 83,267 39,847 47.9 0 - 39,847 47.9
Guayana 210,025 5,157 2.9 6,693 3.2 11,850 5.6
Surinam 146,101 22,184 15.2 0 0.1 22,184 15.2
Total 6,620,722 1,590,055 24.0 1,392,449 21.0 2,715,705 45.0
Cuadro A.5 reas protegidas y territorios indgenas en el rea Silvestre de Alta Biodiversidad de la Amazona (Vase la Figura 5.3).
Pases
Supercie
(km
2
)
Total rea
protegida
(km
2
)
% rea
protegida
Total territorios
indgenas (km
2
)
% territorios
indgenas
Total rea protegida y
territorios indgenas
(km
2
)
% Total reas
protegidas
y territorios
indgenas
Bolivia 1,085,047 186,486 17.19 202,778 18.69 326,978 30.13
Brasil 8,484,839 1,234,755 14.24 1,051,632 12.40 2,152,224 25.06
Colombia 1,137,921 106,374 9.35 263,264 23.14 344,861 30.31
Ecuador 256,212 49,103 19.17 97 0.04 49,196 19.20
Guayana Francesa 83,267 39,847 47.86 0 0.00 39,847 47.86
Guayana 210,025 5,157 2.90 6,693 3.19 11,850 5.64
Per 1,291,445 203,909 15.79 174,735 13.53 260,982 20.21
Surinam 146,101 22,184 15.18 0 0.00 22,184 15.18
Venezuela 912,557 400,558 43.89 2,041 0.22 400,878 43.93
Total 13,607,414 2,248,373 16.5 1,701,240 12.5 3,609,002 29.0
Cuadro A.7 reas protegidas y territorios indgenas en los pases del norte de Sudamrica.
Cuadro A.6 reas protegidas y territorios indgenas en la Amazona Legal del Brasil (modicadas del Instituto Socioambiental Instituto Socioambiental
(http://www.socioambiental.org/uc/quadro_geral).
Estado brasileo
Supercie
(km
2
)
Total rea protegida
(km
2
)
% rea
protegida
Total territorios
indgenas (km
2
)
% territorios
indgenas
Total rea protegida y
territorios indgenas
(km
2
)
% Total reas
protegidas
y territorios
indgenas
Acre 152,581 51,230 33.6% 24,283 15.9% 75,513 49.5%
Amap 142,815 89,152 62.4% 11,860 8.3% 101,012 70.7%
Amazonas 1,570,746 260,682 16.6% 428,719 27.3% 689,401 43.9%
Maranho 331,983 13,862 4.2% 19,220 5.8% 33,082 10.0%
Mato Grosso 903,358 28,360 3.1% 135,129 15.0% 163,489 18.1%
Par 1,247,690 308,742 24.7% 284,397 22.8% 593,139 47.5%
Rondnia 237,576 56,480 23.8% 49,659 20.9% 106,139 44.7%
Roraima 224,299 14,467 6.4% 103,843 46.3% 118,309 52.7%
Tocantins 277,621 10,672 3.8% 23,914 8.6% 34,586 12.5%
Amazona Legal 5,088,668 833,646 16.4% 1,081,023 21.2% 1,914,669 37.6%
Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science Numero 7, Julio 2007
102
Una Tormenta Perfecta en la Amazona Conservacin Internacional
Figura A.1. Las inversiones de IIRSA en el noroeste de la Amazona y en el pie de monte andino vincularn las hidrovas
de los auentes del Amazonas (Putumayo, Napo, Maran y Ucayali) mediante carreteras transandinas hacia la costa del
Pacco. Sin embargo, estas carreteras que discurriran en direccin este-oeste tambin crearn un corredor a lo largo
del pie de monte que se extiende desde Pucallpa, en el centro de Per, hasta el Putumayo en Colombia. El desarrollo y la
deforestacin en dicho corredor aislarn las biotas andinas y amaznicas y limitarn la capacidad de muchas especies
para adaptarse a futuros cambios climticos.
Killeen
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science
103
Anexo
Figura A.2. El sudoeste de la Amazona y las regiones adyacentes de los Andes centrales sufrirn serios impactos derivados de cuatro
corredores camineros de IIRSA que conectarn el Cerrado brasileo con puertos del Pacco: 1) el Corredor Bi-ocenico entre Mato
Grosso do Sul y la costa de Chile, va Santa Cruz, Bolivia; (2) la Carretera Norte de Bolivia, conectar el Altiplano Boliviano con las regiones
fronterizas adyacentes a Acre y Rondonia; (3) la Carretera Interocenica del sur del Per conectar a Acre y Rondonia con la costa del
Pacco del Per y (4) la Carretera Ro Branco-Cruzeiro do Sul-Pucallpa que atravesar una de las regiones ms remotas de la Amazona
occidental. En el otro sentido, la hidrova Madeira Mamor se vincular con el brazo principal del ro Amazonas mediante las represas y
exclusas construidas entre Porto Velho, Rondonia y Riberalta, Bolivia.
Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science Numero 7, Julio 2007
104
Una Tormenta Perfecta en la Amazona Conservacin Internacional
Figura A.3. El Arco Norte se reere al sistema caminero que integrar los pases del Escudo de la Guayana en la Amazona nororiental.
Esta regin escasamente poblada generalmente se considera como la menos amenazada de la Amazona y grandes reas del Brasil
se han designado como reas protegidas; no obstante, la explotacin de los ricos recursos minerales y madereros de la regin podran
hacerse ms interesante, desde el punto de vista econmico, despus de efectuarse las inversiones del IIRSA.
Killeen
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science
105
Anexo
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