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Area

Areas of some well-known figures are given below:
S.
No
Name Figure
Perimeter in
units of
length
Area in
square units
1. Rectangle



a =length
b =breadth

2(a +b)

ab
2. Square



a =side
4a

a
2

2
1
(diagonal)
2

3.
Parallelogra
m




a =side
b =side adjacent to a
h =distance between
the opp. parallel sides
2(a +b) ah


4.
Rhombus




a =side of rhombus;
d
1
,d
2
are the two
diagonals

4a

2
1
d
1
d
2

5 Quadrilateral





AC is one of its
diagonals and h
1
, h
2

are the altitudes on
AC from D, B
respectively.

Sum of its
four sides

2
1
(AC) (h
1
+
h
2
)

a
b
a
a
a
a
b h
b
a
a
a
a
d1
d2
A B
C D
h2
h1
Do You Know?

Square:
Diagonal = a 2
Rectangle:
Diagonal =
2 2
b a +
Parallelogram:
The diagonals bisec
teach other. Sum of
adjacent angles = 180
o
Rhombus:

The diagonals cut at
right angles
a
2
= (
2
1
d
1
)
2
+ (
2
1
d
2
)
2
Quadrilateral
Parallelogram
Rectangle
Square
T
r
a
p
e
z
i
u
m

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6.
Trapezium





a, b, are parallel sides
and h is the distance
between parallel sides

Sum of its four
sides
2
1
h(a +b)
7. Triangle




b is the base and h is
the altitude.
a, b, c are three sides
of .

a +b +c =2s
where s is the
semi perimeter.
2
1
b h
or
) c s ( ) b s )( a s ( s

8.
Right
triangle




d(hypotenuse)
=
2 2
h b +
b +h +d

2
1
bh
9.

Equilateral
triangle





a =side
h =altitude =
2
3
a
3a
(i)
2
1
ah
(ii)
4
3
a
2

10.
Isosceles
triangle




c =unequal side
a =equal side
2a +c
4
c a 4 c
2 2


11.


Isosceles
right triangle




d(hypotenuse)
=a 2
a =Each of equal
sides.
The angles are 90
o
,
45
o
, 45
o
.
2a +d
2
1
a
2

a
b
c
h
b
d
h
a
a
a
h
h
b
a
a a
c
a
d
a

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r
r
l

o

12. Circle




r =radius of the circle
=
7
22
or 3.1416
2r r
2

13. Semicircle



r =radius of the circle


r +2r


2
1
r
2

14.
Ring
(shaded
region)




R =outer radius
r =inner radius
. (R
2
r
2
)
15.
Sector of a
circle

o
= central angle of
the sector
r = radius of the
sectorl = length of
the arc
l +2r
where l =
360

2r
360

r
2


Ex.1 A horizontal pipe for carrying floodwater
has diameter 1 m. When water in it is 10 cm
deep then the width of water surface AB is equal
to ________ cm.
(1) 10 cm (2) 25 cm
(3) 60 cm (4) 70 cm
(5) None
Sol. Let O be the centre of circle.
In OAD
50
2
=40
2
+x
2

2500 1600 =x
2

x
2
=900
x =30
AB =2x =60 cm. Answer: (3)


r

r r
r
R

10 cm
A
B
100
O
50 cm 50 cm
40 cm
x x D
10 cm
A B

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Ex.2 Area of the shaded region is
(1)
4
4 3 3 4
r
2
(2)
4
3 8 4
r
2

(3)
4
4 3 3 4 +
r
2
(4)
4
4 3 3 4
r
2

(5) None of these
Sol. Area of the semi-hexagonal patch =
2
1

2
3 3
r
2
=
4
3 3
r
2

Area of the semi-square patch = 2 r
2
r
=r
2

Area of shaded region =r
2
r
2

4
3 3
r
2

=
4
) 3 3 4 4 (
r
2
. Answer: (1)
r
60
o
60
o

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MENION Volume


S. No
Nature
of the
solid
Shape of the solid
Lateral/
curved
surface area
Total surface
area

Volume

Abbreviations
Used
1. Cuboid







2h (l +b)


2(lb +bh +lh)


lbh
l =length
b =breath
h =height
2. Cube








4a
2



6a
2



a
3


a =length of
edge
3.
Right
prism


(perimeter of
base)
Height

2 (area of one
end) +lateral
surface area


Area of
base
height

4.
Right
circular
cylinder






2rh 2r(r +h) r
2
h

r =radius of
base
h =height of
the cylinder
5.


Right
pyramid

2
1
(Perimeter
of the base)
(slant height)
Area of the
base +lateral
surface area
3
1
(Area of
base)
height

6.


Right
circular
cone








r l
r(l +r)
3
1
r
2
h

h =height
r =radius
l =slant height

h
b
l
a
a
a

h
r
r
r
l
h

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S.
No
Nature of
the solid
Shape of the
solid
Lateral/
curved
surface area
Total surface
area
Volume

Abbreviations
Used
7.


Sphere










4r
2

3
4
r
3

r =radius
8.


Hemi-
sphere





2r
2
3r
2

3
r
3
2

r =radius
9.


Spherical
shell






4 (R
2
r
2
)
3
4
(R
3
r
3
)
R =outer radius
r =inner radius
10.
Volume of
bucket






) Rr r R (
3
h
2 2
+ +

R =larger radius
r =smaller
radius
h =height

Length of a diagonal:
The length of diagonal of a cuboid =
2 2 2
h b l + +
The length of a diagonal of a cube =a 3

Ex.1 An insect is crawling to climb a 20 metre long pipe of diameter 3.5 metres. If the insect take 4
circular rounds to reach the top of the building, then what will be total distance (in nearer
metres) traveled by insect to reach the top?
(1) 47 m (2) 48 m (3) 49 m (4) 50 m
Sol. Since the insect is moving in circular way, so it will cover the distance which will be 4 times the distance
of the longest side AB of a right angled triangle. In the figure AO is equal to the circumference of the
pipe.
AO = d = 11 5 . 3 x
7
22
= m
BO =5 m
AB =
2 2
5 11 + = 146 =12.08 m
Total distance traveled =12.08 4 =48.32 m
Hence distance in nearer meters =48 m


r

r
r
R
R
h
r
2r
5
5
5
5
A
B
O

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Ex.2 The surface area of a cube is 726 sq metres. Find the volume of the cube.
(1) 1234 m
2
(2) 1431 m
2
(3) 1341 m (4) 1331 m (5) None of these
Sol. Surface area S =726 m
2
Volume V =?
In a cube,
S =6a
2
=726 a
2
=121 a =11 m
So, V =a
3
=11
3
=1331 m
3
. Answer: (4)