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Unit 1 and 2 Review
Unit 1 and 2 Review
CALCULATE THE DENSITY IN G/ML IF A
50 ML BLOCK WEIGHS135 G.
D=
135
50
D=2.70
G/ML
YOU CAN ALSO IDENTIFY ELEMENTS AND
COMPOUNDS BY THERE DENSITY
TAKE THE PREVIOUS EXAMPLE OF
DENSITY. THE ANSWER IS
D=2.70 G/ML
YOU CAN USE THAT ANSWER TO SEE
IF YOU CAN IDENTIFY THE ELEMENT
OR COMPOUND BECAUSE THE
DENSITY OF AN ELEMENT OR
COMPOUND REGARDLESS OF MASS
OR VOLUME WILL REMAIN THE SAME
WHAT ELEMENT IS THIS?
ALUMINUM IS CORRECT
Densities of Common Elements and
Compounds
Substance
Density
grams per mL
Pine wood
0.35 -0.50
Water
1.00
Salt, NaCl
2.16
Aluminum, Al
2.70
Iron, Fe
7.80
Gold, Au
19.30
Mercury, Hg
13.5
DENSITY-IS DEFINED IN QUALITATIVE MANNER AS
THE MEASURE OF THE RELATIVE HEAVINESS OF
OBJECTS WITH A CONSTANT VOLUME
DENSITY COMPARISON TO WATER:
IN CHEMISTRY, THE DENSITY OF
MANY SUBSTANCES IS COMPARED
TO THE DENSITY OF WATER. DOES
AN OBJECT FLOAT ON WATER OR
SINK IN THE WATER?
WHICH IS MORE DENSE - COKE OR DIET
COKE?
BOTH CANS SAY 12 FL. OZ. (FLUID
ONCES) OR 355 ML. SO THEY APPEAR
TO BE THE SAME SIZE AND WEIGHT
SO SHOULD HAVE THE SAME
DENSITY.
Coke Diet Coke
355 ml 355 ml
Water=
355 g
Water=
355 g
Sugar= 39 g Sugar= 0 g
Nutra Sweet= 0 g Nutra Sweet= 0.1g
Total Wt= 394 g Total Wt= 355.1 g
Can you explain why this is,
you must write it in paragraph
form for the test.
SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION IS A WAY TO WRITE VERY
SMALL OR LARGE NUMBERS IN A SIMPLE WAY
700 7 x 10
2
Number Scientific
Notation
.0000005 5 x 10
-7
573000000
5.73 x 10
8
Number should be written between 1-10
.000345
3.45 x 10
-4
PRACTICE
CHANGE THIS NUMBER
10000000000000
123400000000000000000000000
.00000000000000000000809
00000000006
TO SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
1 X 10
13
1.234 X 10
26
8.09 X 10
-21
6 X 10
-11
MATTER
MATTER IS ANYTHING
THAT TAKES UP SPACE
AND HAS MASS
THERE ARE FIVE STATES
OF MATTER
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PLASM
PROPERTIES OF A SOLID
SOLIDS CAN BE HARD LIKE A ROCK,
SOFT LIKE FUR, BIG LIKE AN ASTEROID,
OR SMALL LIKE GRAINS OF SAND.
THE KEY IS THAT SOLIDS HOLD THEIR
SHAPE
ATOMS INSIDE OF A SOLID ARE NOT
ALLOWED TO MOVE AROUND TOO
MUCH.
THE MOLECULES IN A SOLID ARE
STUCK IN A SPECIFIC STRUCTURE OR
ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS. THE ATOMS
STILL VIBRATE AND THE ELECTRON FLY
AROUND IN THEIR ORBITALS, BUT THE
ENTIRE ATOM WILL NOT CHANGE ITS
POSITION.
PROPERTIES OF A LIQUID
LIQUIDS ARE FOUND BETWEEN THE
SOLID AND GAS STATES.
LIQUIDS FILL THE SHAPE OF ANY
CONTAINER THEY ARE IN
THE TOP OF A LIQUID WILL USUALLY
HAVE A FLAT SURFACE. THAT FLAT
SURFACE IS THE RESULT OF
GRAVITY PULLING ON THE LIQUID
MOLECULES. LIQUIDS CAN ONLY FILL
THE BOTTOM OF A CONTAINER
THE PARTICLES THAT FORM A LIQUID
ARE RELATIVELY CLOSE TOGETHER,
BUT NOT AS CLOSE TOGETHER AS
THE PARTICLES IN THE
CORRESPONDING SOLID.
PROPERTIES OF GASES
GASES ARE EVERYWHERE. YOU MAY
HAVE HEARD ABOUT THE ATMOSPHERE.
THE ATMOSPHERE IS AN ENVELOPE OF
GASES THAT SURROUNDS THE EARTH.
THE MOLECULES IN GASES ARE REALLY
SPREAD OUT, FULL OF ENERGY, AND
CONSTANTLY MOVING AROUND IN
RANDOM WAYS.
GASES CAN FILL A CONTAINER OF ANY
SIZE OR SHAPE. IT DOESN'T MATTER
HOW BIG THE CONTAINER IS. THE
MOLECULES SPREAD OUT TO FILL THE
WHOLE SPACE EQUALLY.
LIQUIDS CAN ONLY FILL THE BOTTOM OF
A CONTAINER, WHILE GASES CAN FILL IT
ENTIRELY. THE SHAPE OF LIQUIDS IS
VERY DEPENDENT ON GRAVITY, WHILE
LESS DENSE GASES ARE LIGHT ENOUGH
TO HAVE A MORE FREEDOM TO MOVE.
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULES CAN MOVE FROM ONE
PHYSICAL STATE TO ANOTHER AND
NOT CHANGE THEIR BASIC
STRUCTURE.
A PHYSICAL CHANGE CAN OCCUR IN
A MOLECULE BUT THE MOLECULE
DESPITE THE CHANGE REMAINS THE
SAME MOLECULE
EXAMPLE : WATER IS A LIQUID, WHEN
FROZEN IT IS ICE A SOLID, WHEN
LIQUID IS HEATED IT BECOME A GAS-
VAPOR
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL CHANGES OCCUR WHEN THE
BONDS BETWEEN ATOMS IN A MOLECULE ARE
CREATED OR DESTROYED. CHANGES IN THE
PHYSICAL STATE ARE RELATED TO CHANGES
IN THE ENVIRONMENT SUCH AS
TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND OTHER
PHYSICAL FORCES.
IF THE FORMULA OF WATER WERE TO
CHANGE, THAT WOULD BE A CHEMICAL
CHANGE. IF YOU COULD ADD A SECOND
OXYGEN ATOM TO A WATER MOLECULE, YOU
WOULD HAVE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H
2
O
2
).
THE MOLECULES WOULD NOT BE WATER
ANYMORE. THE REALITY OF CREATING
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IS MORE DIFFICULT.
SO THE MOLECULE IS CHANGED TO
SOMETHING DIFFERENT
EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGES
CRUSHING A CAN
MELTING OF ICE
BOILING WATER
MIXING SAND AND WATER
BREAKING GLASS
DISSOLVING SUGAR AND WATER
EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL
CHANGE
Mixing an acid and a base, such as hydrochloric
acid (HCL) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Cooking an egg
digesting sugar with the amylase
(enzyme) in saliva
mixing baking soda and vinegar to produce carbon
dioxide gas
baking a cake
Striking a match
Burning wood
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER