cc hng s in mi ca dung mi phn nh s b tnh phn cc ca dung

mi. Tnh phn cc mnh ca nc c ly lm chun, 20 C, hng s

in mi l 80,10. Cc dung mi c hng s in mi nh hn 15 thng
c coi l khng phn cc.

Bng tnh cht ca cc dung mi ph bin Cc dung mi c chia thnh cc nhm khng phn
cc, phn cc aprotic, v phn cc protic v c sp xp theo phn cc tng dn. phn
cc c tnh bng hng s in mi. Cc dung mi c tnh cht cao hn ca nc c in
m.
Dung mi Cng thc ha hc
im
si
Hng s
in mi
T trng
Moment phn
cc
Dung mi khng phn cc
Pentane
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-
CH
3

36 C 1.84
0.626
g/ml
0.00 D
Cyclopentane C
5
H
10
40 C 1.97
0.751
g/ml
0.00 D
Hexane
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-
CH
2
-CH
3

69 C 1.88
0.655
g/ml
0.00 D
Cyclohexane C
6
H
12
81 C 2.02
0.779
g/ml
0.00 D
Benzene C
6
H
6
80 C 2.3
0.879
g/ml
0.00 D
Toluene C
6
H
5
-CH
3
111 C 2.38
0.867
g/ml
0.36 D
1,4-Dioxane
/-CH
2
-CH
2
-O-CH
2
-
CH
2
-O-\
101 C 2.3
1.033
g/ml
0.45 D
Chloroform CHCl
3
61 C 4.81
1.498
g/ml
1.04 D
Diethyl ether CH
3
CH
2
-O-CH
2
-CH
3
35 C 4.3
0.713
g/ml
1.15 D
Dung mi phn cc aprotic
Dichloromethane
(DCM)
CH
2
Cl
2
40 C 9.1
1.3266
g/ml
1.60 D
Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
/-CH
2
-CH
2
-O-CH
2
-
CH
2
-\
66 C 7.5
0.886
g/ml
1.75 D
Ethyl acetate
CH
3
-C(=O)-O-CH
2
-
CH
3

77 C 6.02
0.894
g/ml
1.78 D
Acetone CH
3
-C(=O)-CH
3
56 C 20.7
0.786
g/ml
2.88 D
Dimethylformamide
(DMF)
H-C(=O)N(CH
3
)
2
153 C 38
0.944
g/ml
3.82 D
Acetonitrile (MeCN) CH
3
-CN 82 C 37.5
0.786
g/ml
3.92 D
Dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO)
CH
3
-S(=O)-CH
3
189 C 46.7
1.092
g/ml
3.96 D
Dung mi phn cc protic
Formic acid H-C(=O)OH 101 C 58 1.21 g/ml 1.41 D
n-Butanol CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH 118 C 18
0.810
g/ml
1.63 D
Isopropanol (IPA) CH
3
-CH(-OH)-CH
3
82 C 18 0.785 1.66 D
g/ml
n-Propanol CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH 97 C 20
0.803
g/ml
1.68 D
Ethanol CH
3
-CH
2
-OH 79 C 24.55
0.789
g/ml
1.69 D
Methanol CH
3
-OH 65 C 33
0.791
g/ml
1.70 D
Acetic acid CH
3
-C(=O)OH 118 C 6.2
1.049
g/ml
1.74 D
Nc H-O-H 100 C 80
1.000
g/ml
1.85 D


Dung mi Trng lng ring
Pentane 0.626
Petroleum ether 0.656
Hexane 0.659
Heptane 0.684
Diethyl amine 0.707
Diethyl ether 0.713
Triethyl amine 0.728
Tert-butyl methyl ether 0.741
Cyclohexane 0.779
Tert-butyl alcohol 0.781
Isopropanol 0.785
Acetonitrile 0.786
Ethanol 0.789
Acetone 0.790
Methanol 0.791
Methyl isobutyl ketone 0.798
Isobutyl alcohol 0.802
1-Propanol 0.803
Methyl ethyl ketone 0.805
2-Butanol 0.808
Isoamyl alcohol 0.809
1-Butanol 0.810
Diethyl ketone 0.814
1-Octanol 0.826
p-Xylene 0.861
m-Xylene 0.864
Toluene 0.867
Dimethoxyethane 0.868
Benzene 0.879
Butyl acetate 0.882
1-Chlorobutane 0.886
Tetrahydrofuran 0.889
Ethyl acetate 0.895
o-Xylene 0.897
Hexamethylphosphorus triamide 0.898
2-Ethoxyethyl ether 0.909
N,N-Dimethylacetamide 0.937
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether 0.943
N,N-Dimethylformamide 0.944
2-Methoxyethanol 0.965
Pyridine 0.982
Propanoic acid 0.993
Nc 1.000
2-Methoxyethyl acetate 1.009
Benzonitrile 1.01
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone 1.028
Hexamethylphosphoramide 1.03
1,4-Dioxane 1.033
Acetic acid 1.049
Acetic anhydride 1.08
Dimethyl sulfoxide 1.092
Chlorobenzene 1.1066
Deuterium oxide 1.107
Ethylene glycol 1.115
Diethylene glycol 1.118
Propylene carbonate 1.21
Formic acid 1.22
1,2-Dichloroethane 1.245
Glycerin 1.261
Carbon disulfide 1.263
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1.306
Methylene chloride 1.326
Nitromethane 1.382
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol 1.393
Chloroform 1.498
1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane 1.575
Carbon tetrachloride 1.594
Tetrachloroethylene 1.623

Dung mi phn cc l dung mi c thnh phn l cc phn t phn cc, nh nc chng
hn. Phn t nc c hai u phn cc, mt u mang in dng l du cha H+ cn
u cn li l u m c cha nhm OH-. Dung mi phn cc thng dng ha tan cc
cht v c c kh nng in ly.
Ngc li dung mi khng phn cc l dung mi m cc phn t cu thnh n khng c s
phn cc hai u phn t. Dung mi khng phn cc th c nhiu v d nh: benzen, du
ho, xng, axeton, .....