Chapter 13

Section 2: Simple Machines

Standards


Standards 3 and 4: Motion and Force
#4 and #3 Demonstrate the relationships
among work, power, and machines


objectives
1. List the six types of simple machines using examples of each
2. Classify the six types of simple machines into two categories
3. Draw the three classes of levers and give examples of each
4. Explain how a pulley and a wheel and axel are considered
levers
5. Explain how a wedge and a screw are considered inclined
planes
6. Explain the simple machines that make up a compound
machine
The most basic
Are known as simple machines
There are six types of simple machines
Lever hammer
Pulley Block and tackle
Wheel and axel steering wheel in a car
Inclined plane handicap ramp
Wedge zipper or knife
Screw Drill bit
All machines are either modifications or combinations of
the simple machines


Objective 1: List the six types of
simple machines using
examples of each
Families of Simple Machines
The Lever Family
Includes: Lever, Pulley, and Wheel and Axel
All levers are defined as having a rigid arm that turns around a
point called the fulcrum
Fulcrum is the pivot point of the lever
Input force is multiplied and redirected into an out put force
The Inclined Plane Family
Includes: Inclined plane, Wedge, and Screw
Pushing an object up an inclined plane requires less input force
than lifting the object
Reduce the force needed to lift an object by applying the force
over a longer distance
Objective 2: Classify the six
types of simple machines into
two categories
Levers!
There are three classes of levers
Which class depends on position of: Input
force, Output force , and Fulcrum
First class levers ex: claw hammer
Output force fulcrum input force
Can multiply distance (speed), force, or
both
Second class levers ex: hinged doors
Fulcrum output force input force
Always multiply force
Third class levers ex: persons forearm
Fulcrum input force output force
Always increase distance and speed
Objective 3: Draw the three classes
of levers and give examples of
each
First class
Second class
Third class
Pulley and wheel and axel!!
Hows a pulley a lever?!?
The fulcrum is in the center and the wheel
pivots around it creating a modified lever
Ideal mechanical advantage found by counting
supporting ropes
Hows a wheel and axel a lever?!?
Composed of a wheel (pulley) connected to a
shaft (axel)
When wheel turns axel turns and vise versa
Other machines that are wheel and axels
Screwdrivers and cranks
Objective 4: Explain how a pulley
and wheel and axel are levers
Wedge and Screw
Hows a wedge an inclined plane?!?
A wedge is two inclined planes placed back to back!
A wedge can turn a downward force into two output forces
More like pushing a ramp instead of pushing something up the
ramp
Another kind of wedge: nail as well as an earring
Zippers consist of 3 wedges! Two that push threads together
and one that separates threads
Hows a screw an inclined plane?!?
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
Other examples include jar lids as well as a bolt

Objective5: Explain how a
wedge and a screw are
considered inclined planes
Compound Machines!!
Machines that are made up of two or more simple
machines!
Most everyday machines are COMPOUND MACHINES!!
What simple machines make up scissors?
Two levers and two wedges!
What simple machines make up a wine opener?
Two levers and screw
What simple machines makes up a lathe?
Most all of the simple machines are represented here
Objective 6: Explain the simple
machines that make up a
compound machine