1.

KIN TRC GIAO DIN V TUYN WCDMA/FDD

Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA c cho trn hnh 1.
/

/
k
h
i

n

iu khin
L2/BMC
(iu khin qung
b/a ph-ng)

/
k
h
i

/
k
h
i

n

Cc knh
logic
Cc knh
truyn ti
Mt iu khin C
Mt ng-i s dng U
phng U Uation
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
L2/RLC
((iu khin
on VT)
MAC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
BMC
Lp 3-RRC
(iu khin ti nguyn VT)
PDCP
PDCP
L2/PDCP
(Giao thc hi
t s liu gi)

Hnh 1. Kin trc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn WCDMA
Giao din v tuyn c phn thnh 3 lp giao thc:
Lp vt l (L1)
Lp lin kt ni s liu (L2)
Lp mng (L3)
Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu
khin truy nhp mi trng) v RLC (Radio link Control: iu khin lin kt), PDCP
(Packet Data Convergence Protocol: Giao thc hi t s liu gi) v BMC
(Broadcast/Multicast Control: iu khin qung b/a phng ).
Lp 3 v RLC c chia thnh hai mt phng: mt phng iu khin (C) v
mt phng ngi s dng (U). PDCP v BMC ch c mt phng U.
Trong mt phng C lp 3 c chia thnh cc lp con: trnh lp" (TBD) nm
tng truy nhp nhng kt cui mng li (CN: Core Network) v lp RRC (Radio
Resource Control: iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn). Bo hiu cc lp cao hn: MM
(Mobility Management) v CC (Connection Management) c coi l tng khng
truy nhp.
Lp vt l l lp thp nht giao din v tuyn. Lp vt l c s dng
truyn dn giao din v tuyn. Mi knh vt l lp ny c xc nh bng mt t
hp tn s, m ngu nhin ho (m nh knh) v pha (ch cho ng ln). Cc knh
c s dng vt l truyn thng tin cu cc lp cao trn giao din v tuyn, tuy
nhin cng c mt s knh vt l ch c dnh cho hot ng ca lp vt l.
truyn thng tin giao din v tuyn, cc lp cao phi chuyn cc thng tin
ny qua lp MAC n lp vt l bng cch s dng cc knh logic. MAC sp xp cc
knh ny ln cc knh truyn ti trc khi a n lp vt l lp ny sp xp
chng ln cc knh vt l.
2. CC KNH CA WCDMA
2.1. Cc knh logic
Ni chung cc knh logic c chia thnh hai nhm: cc knh iu khin
(CCH: Control Channel) truyn thng tin iu khin v cc knh lu lng
(Traffic Channel) truyn thng tin ca ngi s dng. Cc knh logic v ng dng
ca chng c tng kt trong bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1. Danh sch cc knh logic
Nhm knh Knh logic ng dng

CCH (Control
Channel: Knh
iu khin)


BCCH (Broadcast Control
Channel: Knh iu khin
qung b)
Knh ng xung pht qung b
thng tin h thng
PCCH (Paging Control
Channel: Knh iu khin tm
gi)
Knh ng xung pht qung b
thng tin tm gi
CCCH (Common Control
Channel: Knh iu khin
chung)
Knh hai chiu pht thng tin iu
khin gia mng v cc UE. c s
dng khi khng c kt ni RRC hoc
khi truy nhp mt mi
DCCH (Dedicated Control
Channel: Knh iu khin
ring).
Knh hai chiu im n im
pht thng tin iu khin ring gia
UE v mng. c thit lp bi thit
lp kt ni ca RRC

TCH (Traffic
Channel: Knh
lu lng)
DTCH (Dedicated Traffic
Channel: Knh lu lng
ring)
Knh hai chiu im n im ring
cho mt UE truyn thng tin ca
ngi s dng. DTCH c th tn ti
c ng ln ln ng xung
CTCH (Common Traffic
Channel: Knh lu lng
chung)
Knh mt chiu im a im
truyn thng tin ca mt ngi s
dng cho tt c hay mt nhm ngi
s dng quy nh hoc ch cho mt
ngi s dng. Knh ny ch c
ng xung.
2.2. Cc knh truyn ti
Cc knh lgic c lp MAC chuyn i thnh cc knh truyn ti. Tn ti
hai kiu knh truyn ti: cc knh ring v cc knh chung. im khc nhau gia
chng l: knh chung l ti nguyn c chia s cho tt c hoc mt nhm cc ngi
s dng trong , cn knh knh ring c n nh ring cho mt ngi s dng duy
nht. Cc knh truyn ti chung bao gm: BCH (Broadcast channel: Knh qung b),
FACH (Fast Access Channel: Knh truy nhp nhanh), PCH (Paging Channel: Knh
tm gi), DSCH (Down Link Shared Channel: Knh chia s ng xung), CPCH
(Common Packet Channel: Knh gi chung). Knh ring ch c mt knh duy nht l
DCH (Dedicated Channel: Knh ring). Knh truyn ti chung c th c p dng
cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong hoc cho mt ngi hoc nhiu ngi c th.
Khi knh truyn ti chung c s dng pht thng tin cho tt c cc ngi s
dng th knh ny khng cn c a ch. Chng hn knh BCH pht thng tin qung
b cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong . Khi knh truyn ti chung p dng cho mt
ngi s dng c th, th cn pht nhn dng ngi s dng trong bng (trong bn
tin s c pht). Knh PCH l knh truyn ti chung c s dng tm gi mt
UE c th s cha thng tin nhn dng ngi s dng bn trong bn tin pht.
Mi knh truyn ti u i km vi mt ch th khun dng truyn ti (TFI:
Transport Format Indicator) ti mi thi im m cc knh truyn ti s nhn c s
liu t cc mc cao hn. Lp vt l kt hp thng tin TFI t cc knh truyn ti khc
nhau vo ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti (TFCI= Transport Format Combination
Indicator). TFCI c pht trn knh iu khin thng bo cho my thu rng knh
no ang tch cc khung hin thi. Thng bo ny khng cn thit khi s dng c
ch pht hin khun dng knh truyn ti m (DTFD= Blind Transport Format
Detection) c thc hin bng kt ni vi cc knh ring ng xung. My thu gii
m TFCI nhn c cc TFI. Sau cc TFI ny c chuyn n cc lp cao hn
cho cc knh truyn ti tch cc kt ni.
Danh sch cc knh truyn ti v ng dng ca chng dc cho bng 4.2.
Bng 2.2. Danh sch cc knh truyn ti
Knh vt l ng dng
DCH (Dedicated
Channel: Knh ring)
Knh hai chiu c s dng pht s liu ca ngi s
dng. c n nh ring cho ngi s dng. C kh nng
thay i tc v iu khin cng sut nhanh
BCH (Broadcast
Channel: Knh qung
b)
Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin qung b (chng
hn thng tin h thng, thng tin )
FACH (Forward
Access Channel: Knh
truy nhp ng
xung)
Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin iu khin v s
liu ca ngi s dng. Knh chia s chung cho nhiu UE.
c s dng truyn s liu tc thp cho lp cao hn

PCH (Paging Channel:
Knh tm gi)
Knh chung ng xung pht cc tn hiu tm gi
RACH (Random
Access Channel)
Knh chung ng ln pht thng tin iu khin v s
liu ngi s dng. p dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v
c s dng truyn s liu thp cu ngi s dng
CPCH (Common
Packet Channel: Knh
gi chung)
Knh chung ng ln pht s liu ngi s dng. p
dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c s dng trc ht
truyn s liu cm.
DSCH (Dowlink
Shared Channel: Knh
chia s ng xung)
Knh chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Chia s cho
nhiu UE. S dng trc ht cho truyn dn s liu tc
cao.
Cc knh logic c sp xp ln cc knh truyn ti nh cho trn hnh 2.2
CCCH DTCH
RACH CPCH DCH
PCCH BCCH CCCH CTCH DTCH
PCH
BCH FACH DSCH DCH
DCCH
DCCH
Cc knh
logic
Cc knh
truyn ti
ng ln
ng xung

Hnh 2. Sp xp cc knh logic ln cc knh truyn ti
2.3. Cc knh vt l
Mt knh vt l c coi l t hp ca tn s, m ngu nhin, m nh knh v
c pha tng i (i vi ng ln). Knh vt l (Physical Channel) bao gm cc
knh vt l ring (DPCH: Dedicated Physical channel) v knh vt l chung (CPCH:
Common Physical Channel). Cc knh vt l c tng kt hnh 2.3 v bng 2.3.

PHYSICAL
CHANNEL
CPCH
DPCH


CSICH
CD/CA-ICH
CPICH
P-CCPCH
S-CCPCH
SCH
PDSCH
AICH
PICH
DPDCH
DPCCH
PRACH
PCPCH
ng ln
ng xung

Hnh 3. Cc kiu knh vt l

Bng 4.3. Danh sch cc knh vt l
Tn knh ng dng
DPCH (Dedicated
Physical Channel: Knh
vt l ring)
Knh hai chiu ng xung/ng ln c n nh
ring cho UE. Gm DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Control
Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring) v DPCCH
(Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu
khin ring). Trn ng xung DPDCH v DPCCH
c ghp theo thi gian cn trn ng ln c ghp
theo pha knh I v pha knh Q sau iu ch BPSK
DPDCH (Dedicated
Physical Data Channel:
Knh vt l s liu ring)
Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE c n nh t nht mt
DPDCH. Knh c s dng pht s liu ngi s
dng t lp cao hn
DPCCH (Dedicated
Physical Control
Channel: Knh vt l
iu khin ring)
Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE ch c n nh mt
DPCCH. Knh c s dng iu khin lp vt l ca
DPCH. DPCCH l knh i km vi DPDCH cha: cc k
hiu hoa tiu, cc k hiu iu khin cng sut (TPC:
Transmission Power Control), ch th kt hp khun dng
truyn ti. Cc k hiu hoa tiu cho php my thu nh
gi hng ng xung kim ca knh v tuyn v thc hin
tch sng nht qun. Cc k hiu ny cng cn cho hot
ng ca anten thch ng (hay anten thng minh) c bp
sng hp. TPC iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh
cho c ng ln v ng xung. TFCI thng tin cho
my thu v cc thng s tc thi ca cc knh truyn ti:
cc tc s liu hin thi trn cc knh s liu khi
nhiu dch v c s dng ng thi. Ngoi ra TFCI c
th b b qua nu tc d s liu c nh. Knh cng cha
thng tin hi tip hi tip (FBI: Feeback Information)
ng ln m bo vng hi tip cho phn tp pht v
phn tp chn la.
PRACH (Physical
Random Access Channel:
Knh vt l truy nhp
ngu nhin)
Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh
truyn ti RACH
PCPCH (Physical Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh
Common Packet
Channel: Knh vt l gi
chung)
truyn ti CPCH
CPICH (Common Pilot
Channel: Knh hoa tiu
chung)
Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh CPICH: P-
CPICH (Primary CPICH: CPICH s cp) v S-CPICH
(Secondary CPICH: CPICH th cp). P-CPICH m bo
tham chun nht qun cho ton b UE thu c SCH,
P-CCPCH, AICH v PICHv cc knh nay khng c hoa
tiu ring nh cc trng hp knh DPCH. Knh S-
CPICH m bo tham kho nht qun chung trong mt
phn hoc on cho trng hp s dng anten thng
minh c bp sng hp. Chng hn c th s dng S-
CPICH lm tham chun cho S-CCPCH (knh mang cc
bn tin tm gi) v cc knh DPCH ng xung.
P-CCPCH (Primary
Common Control
Physical Channel: Knh
vt l iu khin chung
s cp)
Knh chung ng xung. Mi c mt knh truyn
BCH
S-CCPCH (Secondary
Common Control
Physical Channel: Knh
vt l iu khin chung
s cp)
Knh chung ng xung. Mt c th c mt hay nhiu
S-CCPCH. c s dng truyn PCH v FACH

SCH (Synchrronization
Channel: Knh ng b)
Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh SCH: SCH
s cp v SCH th cp. Mi ch c mt SCH s cp v
th cp. c s dng tm
PDSCH (Physical
Downlink Shared
Channel: Knh vt l
chia s ng xung)
Knh chung ng xung. Mi c nhiu PDSCH (hoc
khng c) . c s dng mang knh truyn ti
DSCH
AICH (Acquisition
Indication Channel: Knh
ch th bt)
Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PRACH. c s
dng iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin ca PRACH.
PICH (Page Indi cation
Channel: Knh ch th tm
gi)
Knh chung ng xung i cp vi S-CCPCH (khi knh
ny mang PCH) pht thng tin kt cui cuc gi cho
tng nhm cuc gi kt cui. Khi nhn c thng bo
ny, UE thuc nhm kt cui cuc gi th n s thu khung
v tuyn trn S-CCPCH
AP-AICH (Access
Preamble Acquisition
Indicator Channel: Knh
ch th bt tin t truy
nhp)
Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH iu
khin truy nhp ngu nhin cho PCPCH
CD/CA-ICH (CPCH
Collision Detection/
Channel Assignment
Indicator Channel: Knh
ch th pht hin va chm
CPCH/n nh knh)
Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH. c s
dng iu khin va chm PCPCH
CSICH (CPCH Status
Indicator Channel: Knh
ch th trng thi CPCH)
Knh chung ng xung lin kt vi AP-AICH pht
thng tin v trng thi kt ni ca PCPCH
Cc cc knh truyn ti c sp xp ln cc knh vt l nh trn hnh 2.4.
Cc knh truyn ti Cc knh vt l
PCH
DPCCH
DSCH
BCH
PCCPCH
FACH
SCCPCH
RACH PRACH
DCH
DPDCH
DSCH
CPCH
PCPCH
ng xung
ng ln

Hnh 2.4. Sp xp cc knh truyn ti ln cc knh vt l
Hnh 2.5 cho thy vic ghp hai knh truyn ti ln mt knh vt l v cung cp ch
th li cho tng khi truyn ti ti pha thu.
Khi
truyn ti
Khi
truyn ti
TFI
Khi
truyn ti
Khi
truyn ti
TFI
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
TFI
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
TFI
TFCI
M ho v ghp
knh
Gii TFCI
Gii m v gii
ghp knh
Knh iu
khin vt l
Cc knh s
liu vt l
Knh iu
khin vt l
Cc knh s
liu vt l
My pht My thu
Cc lp cao hn
Lp vt l
Knh truyn ti 1 Knh truyn ti 2
K hiu:
TFI= Transport Format Indicator: Ch th khun dng truyn ti
TFCI= Transport Format Combination Indicator: Ch th kt hp khun dng
truyn t
Hnh 2.5. Ghp cc knh truyn ti ln knh vt l
3. S KNH VT L WCDMA/FDD
3.1. Cc thng s knh vt l
Bng 4.4 tng kt cc thng s knh vt l ca giao din v tuyn WCDMA/FDD.
S a truy nhp DS-CDMA bng rng
Bng thng (MHz) 5/10/15/20
Tc chip (Mcps) (1,28)/3,84/7,68/11,52/15,36
di khung 10 ms
M ha sa li M turbo, m xon
ng b gia cc BTS D b/ng b
iu ch X/L QPSK/BPSK
Tri ph X/L QPSK/OCQPSK (HPSK)
Vocoder CS-ACELP/(AMR)
OCQPSK (HPSK): Orthogonal Complex Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Hybrid PSK)
: kho chuyn pha vung gc phc trc giao
CS-ACELP: Conjugate Structure-Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction
: D bo tuyn tnh kch thch theo m i s- cu trc phc hp
AMR: Adaptive Multirate: a tc thch ng
3.2. Phn b tn s
WCDMA s dng phn b tn s quy nh cho IMT-2000 (International
Mobile Telecommunications-2000) (hnh 4.7b) nh sau. chu u v hu ht cc
nc chu bng tn IMT-2000 l 260 MHz (1920-1980 MHz cng vi 2110-2170
MHz) c th s dng cho WCDMA FDD. Bng tn s dng cho TDD chu u thay
i, bng tn c cp theo giy php c th l 25 MHz cho s dng TDD 1900-
1920 v 2020-2025 MHz. Bng tn cho cc ng dng TDD khng cn xin php
(SPA= Self Provided Application: ng dng t cp) c th l 2010-2020 MHz. Cc
h thng FDD s dng cc bng tn khc nhau cho ng ln v ng xung vi
phn cch l khong cch song cng, cn cc h thng TDD s dng cng tn s cho
c ng ln v ng xung.
Cc bng tn s dng cho WCDMA trn ton cu c cho trn hnh 7.7a.
Bng VII
Bng I
Bng II
Bng IV
Bng III
Bng IX
Bng VIII
Bng V
Bng VI
Bng cng
tc Tn
Tng ph
ng ln
[MHx]
ng xung
[MHz]
Bng 3G mi
Bng IMT2000 (Bng WCDMA ch o)
Bng PCS ti M v chu M La tinh
Bng 3G mi ti M v chu M Latinh
Chu u, chu v Brazil
Nht
Chu u v chu
USA, chu M v chu
Nht
IMT-2000 MSS IMT-2000 MSS
1885
1980 2010 2025
2110 2170 2200
f, MHz
IMT-2000: International Mobile Telecommunications-2000; MSS:
Mobile Sattelite Service: dch v thng tin di ng v tinh
Tn ph cho IMT-2000 Tn ph cho MSS
a) Cc bng tn c th s dng cho WCDMA ton cu
b) Bng IMT-2000

Hnh 4.7. Phn b tn s cho WCDMA.
a) Cc bng c th dng cho WCDMA ton cu; b) Bng tn IMT-2000.
3.3. S tng qut my pht v my thu
Hnh 4.8 cho thy s khi ca my pht v tuyn (4.8a) v my thu v
tuyn (4.8b) trong W-CDMA. Lp 1 (lp vt l) b sung CRC cho tng khi truyn
ti (TB: Transport Block) l n v s liu gc cn x l nhn c t lp MAC
pht hin li pha thu. Sau s liu c m ho knh v an xen. S liu sau an
xen c b sung thm cc bit hoa tiu v cc bit iu khin cng sut pht (TPC:
Transmit Power Control)), c sp xp ln cc nhnh I v Q ca QPSK v c tri
ph hai lp (tri ph v ngu nhin ho). Chui chip sau ngu nhin ho c gii
hn trong bng tn 5 MHz bng b lc Niquist cosin tng cn hai (h s dc bng
0,22) v c bin i vo tng t bng b bin i s vo tng t (D/A) a
ln iu ch vung gc cho sng mang. Tn hiu trung tn (IF) sau iu ch c bin
i nng tn vo sng v tuyn (RF) trong bng tn 2 GHz, sau c a ln
khuych i trc khi chuyn n anten pht vo khng gian.
Ti pha thu, tn hiu thu c b khuych i i tp m thp (LNA) khuych
i, c bin i vo trung tn (IF) thu ri c khuych i tuyn tnh bi b
khuych i AGC (t iu khuych). Sau khuych di AGC tn hiu c gii iu
ch c cc thnh phn I v Q. Cc tn hiu tng t cu cc thnh phn ny c
bin i vo s ti b bin i A/D, c lc bi b lc Nyquist cosine tng cn hai
v c phn chia theo thi gian vo mt s thnh phn ng truyn c cc thi gian
tr truyn sng khc nhau. My thu RAKE chn cc thnh phn ln hn mt ngng
cho trc). Sau gii tri ph cho cc thnh phn ny, chng c kt hp bi b kt
hp my thu RAKE, tn hiu tng c gii an xen, gii m knh (gii m s li),
c phn knh thnh cc khi truyn ti TB v c pht hin li. Cui cng chng
c a n lp cao hn.
Hnh 4.9 S khi my pht tuyn (a) v my thu v tuyn (b)
Cng
CRC
Phn on
khi m
M ho
knh
Phi hp
tc
an xen
Knh truyn ti A
Knh truyn ti B
Ghp
Cc bit
hoa tiu
TCP
Sp xp s
liu (QPSK)
Tri ph
B lc Niquist cosin
tng cn hai
D/A
iu ch
vung gc
Bin i
nng tn
B khuych
i pht
Anten
B khuych i
tp m thp
Bin i
h tn
Khuych
i AGC
A/D
B lc Niquist
cosin tng
cn hai
Ngn hng
gii iu ch
B kt hp RAKE
nht qun
o SIR
B to
lnh TPC
Anten
B tm ng
truyn
Gii an xen
Gii m knh
Ghp khi
m
Pht hin
li khi
S liu
khi phc
Knh truyn ti A
Knh truyn ti B
S liu pht
a) My pht
b) My thu