:

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Reinforced Concrete Mechanics and Design, by: J. G. MACGregor
Reinforced Concrete Design, by Chu-Kia Wang, Charles G. Salmon
Design of Concrete Structure, by Winter & Nilson

50%

10%

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50%

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Concrete:
Steel:

:

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((1:2:4
1:2:4
))

((W/C
))W/C

:
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.

= 2.323 t/m3

= 7.850 t/m3

= 2.400 t/m3

= 1.6 - 2.0 t/m3

::

--
.
W/C
W/C

.
.

--

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:

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:

(
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((C535-C131

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Slump
4

300

1
200

/
.

S
h

300

= s
= h

:
.
:
.
.
:

= Fult /
MPa

Fc
.

H
=2
D

D=15 cm

BS
15 cm

ASTM

15 cm

0.85 ( f c ) BS

( f c ) ASTM

--

H=30 cm

15 cm

100 x 200 mm
150 x 300 mm

& Lean or Lightweight Concrete (Filling

Plane concrete) : C12,C10,C8,C6 MPa
Normal used (RC): C16,C20,C25,C30 MPa
High strength (RC& PRC): C35,C40,C45,C50 MPa

---
:
- :
X1,2,3 fc
- / MPa
Mpa .
Xfc+1.5

xminfc-4

---

x<fc
xmin<fc-4 :

-

-

.
-

500

-
.

450

W/C = 0.40-
0.60

350
300
250
200

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

, kgf/cm2

- W/C ~ 0.25

400

: !

fc

ASTM

0.5 f c

0.003

E c , f ' c : MPa

Stress

0.5 fc

.002

E c = 5000 f ' c

strain

W/C

.
.
%age of strength at 28 days
100
80

) (

60
40
20

)age (days
28

21

14

%- .) ( Splitting Tensile Test (ASTM C496):
P
D

2P

LD
f ct , f ' c : MPa

= fct

f ct = 0.55 f ' c

fr

(ASTM C78):

fr -


-

fr
.

fr

Mc
fr = = Modulus of rupture
I 1.5 fr

Mmax = P/2*a

f r , f ' c : MPa

f r = 0.63 f ' c

.

:

1 = f 'c + 4.1 3
= 1
= 3

.
.
%). (
.
.

/)
.
) (
/


) (%
) (-

shu

Shrinkage strain

:

% .

sh

Time

Shrinkage of an unloaded specimen

Reloading

Permanent
strain

Age of concrete

Creep

Elastic strain

=L/L

Creep recovery

Creep deformation

L, elastic
L, creep

Elastic
Recovery

Unloading

).: (

.
0 CSH
.

8
8
.

.
Yield
Ultimate Ultimate
Strain

Stress

Stress

)u(%

)Fu(Mpa

)Fy(Mpa

25
19
14

380
500
600

220
300
400

Reinforcement
Type
)S220 (A1

)S300 (A2
)S400 (A3

9
A2 .
9 A3 .

.


/ = fsy
) Ab = * (db2/4

Stress

Increase yield
stress due to
Hardening (neglected in design)

Es = 2.04x105 MPa

Es
1

Design stress-strain
curve
Ductility after hardening
Ductility after plastic deformation
Original ductility

Strain

Thank you for your attention

END OF Chapter 1

Any question?