Chuyn mch

gi ATM
Thnh vin tm hiu:
Nguyn Vn Thin & Phm Vn Th
Gio vin: Phan Th Thanh Ngc
[Pick the date]
i Hc in Lc
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CHNG I.Tng Qut V ATM
1. M u
S pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng tin v nhu cu trao i thng tin ngy cng
tng nhanh v a dng ha ca x hi i hi h tng mng phi c s thay i c th cung
cp cc dch v bng rng cho khch hng. ISDN bng hp khng th p ng tha mn cc yu
cu dch v ca khch hng. Mng B-ISDN ra i , mc ch chnh l kt hp tn hiu lin tc
thi gian thc v nhm cc tn hiu d liu nh cch phn b bng rng t cc nhm cc dch
v bng hp nh gim st t xa cc thit b truyn s liu in thoi, FAX n cc dch v bng
rng bao gm in thoi thy hnh , hi ngh truyn hnh, truyn nh vi x l tc cao, dung
lng ln, cht lng truy cp cao, v vic iu khin qu trnh chuyn mch d dng hn, n
gin, hiu sut iu khin cc dch v khc nhau v h thng chuyn mch bng rng ATM ra
i p ng nhu cu ny.
2. Mu tham chiu m hnh B-ISDN
B-ISDN l mng t hp dch v s bng rng (Broadband Integrated Services Digital
Network),B-ISDN c kh nng p ng cc dch v mi vt tri hn hn so vi ISDN bng
hp nh: thoi,s liu,video,da trn nhng u vit ca ATM v c th ca mng vin thng
hin ti,ITU-T tiu chun thuc t chc vin thng quc t chn gii php truyn ti khng
ng b ATM l phng php truyn ti cho mng ATM. Vy hiu r hn v ATM ta s lt
qua mt vi im ca dch v s bng rng B- ISDN
a) Giao din ca nt mng B-ISDN
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Hnh1: giao din tng i ca tng i B-ISDN ti cc nt mng khc
Giao din c bn ca cc nt mng B-ISDN vi cc nt khc trong mng c th hin
hnh trn,h thng tng i B-ISDN giao tip trc tip vi cc truyn dn s tc cao hoc cc
thit b ghp knh SDH thng qua kt cui tng i ET (Exchange Terminal). im giao tip trn
hnh ch ra l im tham kho A
B .

b) Giao din truy nhp ca khch hng
Hnh di y th hin giao din c bn nht ca kt ni mng pha khch hng ti nt B-
ISDN.

Hnh 2: cc chc nng ca giao din khch hng
3. Gii thiu cng ngh chuyn mch gi ATM.
Khi nim : ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode Ch truyn khng ng b) l k
thut chuyn mch gi cht lng cao vi phng thc truyn khng ng b da trn
khng ng b phn chia theo thi gian.
Cc c trng ca ATM bao gm:
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ATM truyn theo phng thc khng ng b c ngha l thng tin a v u vo
ca h thng c np vo cc b nh, sau c chia nh ra thnh cc t vo v
truyn qua mng. Vi k thut ny ATM c c im nh sau:
- S dng gi d liu (cell) nh, c kch thc c nh (53 byte).
- Tc truyn d liu cao,s lm cho tr ng truyn v bin ng tr nh so vi
dch v thi gian thc( tc truyn c th t 1,2 Gbit/s)
- Cht lng cao, nhiu thp nn gn nh khng cn n vic kim tra li
- C th s dng vi nhiu phng tin truyn dn vt l khc nhau ( cp ng trc,
cp dy xon, cp si quang)
- C th truyn ng thi nhiu loi d liu
S u vit ca ATM

- Kt hp ghp knh khng ng b (TDMA) v thng k cho mi kiu lu lng
- Gn rng knh rt linh hot v mm do.
- Tc truy nhp cao.
- Bo v u t cc mng hin ti nh c kt ni chng vi mng ATM mi.
- Tit kim gi thnh OA&M (Operation Administrantion and Maintenance vic iu
hnh hot ng v bo tr) nh cng ngh cao v ng nht







Chng II. Nguyn L Hot ng Ca Cng Ngh Chuyn
Mch Gi ATM
1. Kin trc chung ca h thng chuyn mch ATM
ATM l mng kt ni nh hng ,tt c t bo ATM trong mt kt ni thc t c
truyn theo mt ng truyn nh sn.

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C s kin trc chung ca chuyn mch ATM

Hnh 3: s kin trc chuyn mch ATM
Nhn vo s thy h thng chuyn mch ATM bao gm ba phn chnh l:
- Giao din chuyn mch: gm mt module iu khin u vo (IC) v mt module
iu khin u ra (OC).
- Trng chuyn mch t bo
- B x l chuyn iu khin : bao gm hai phn chnh l iu khin chp nhn v
qun l chuyn mch (SM)
H thng chuyn mch ATM c chc nng: chuyn tip cc t bo d liu ngi dng t
cng u vo n cc cng u ra thch hp.H tr cc chc nng tng ng trong mt phng
iu khin v mt phng qun l ca m hnh tham chiu giao thc B-ISDN.
Cc h thng chuyn mch ATM c th gi vai tr nh cc cng t giao tip vi nhng
mng khc nh N-ISDN, LANngoi ra, n cn cha cc giao din khc nh trao i thng tin
iu khin v qun l vi cc mng c mc ch c bit nh mng thng minh (IN) v mng
qun l thng minh (TMN)
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Hnh 4:s khi chc nng ca mt h thng chuyn mch ATM
Chc nng ca tng thnh phn:
- M un iu khin u vo (IM): thc hin chc nng tch lung khi khing truyn
dn v x l cc chc nng sau i vi mi t ba ATM.
- M un iu khin u ra (OM) : thc hin phn phi t bo n ch hoc ti mt
cng u vo ca mt nt chuyn mch khi bin dch t bo
- Khi iu khin chp nhn kt ni (CAC): c chc nng thit lp, gim st v gii
phng cc kt ni o. CAC nhn cc t ba bo hiu t IM, tch ly thng tin bo
hiu. bin dch v cp nht. Cui cng CAC to ra t bo bo hiu mi v gi chng
n OM.
- Khi qun l h thng (SM) : cc chc nng qun l bao gm qun l li, qun l
hiu nng, qun l cu hnh, qun l tnh cc, qun l bo mt v qun l lu lng.
thc hin cc chc nng ny rt cn nhiu s truyn thng bn trong chuyn mch
gia SM v cc khi chc nng khc.
- Khi iu chuyn mch t bo (CSF) l phn trung tm ca h thng chuyn mch
ATM, thc hin chc nng chnh l nh tuyn t bo d liu t IM n OM thch
hp.

2. Cu to t bo ATM
Nh phn tng qut v ATM ni ATM s dng cc t bo c kch thc c nh 53byte
trong 5byte cho mo u header v 48 byte cho d liu. ta c s cu to nh sau:

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Hnh 5: cu to t bo ATM
Trong :
- VPI (Virtual Path Indentifier): nhn dng ng o, dng phn bit ng truyn
no trong s cc ng ni ti mt nt
- VCI (Virtual Channel Indentifier): nhn dng knh o, dng phn bit knh no
c dng trong ng truyn trn
- PT (Payload Type): phn bit d liu ca dch v hay ngi dng m c ng gi
trong cell ATM ang gi
- HEC (Header Error Check): Dng CRC kim tra li bit ca trng header.
3. Nguyn L C Bn Ca ATM
- Nguyn l c bn ca ATM l kt hp cc u im ca chuyn mch knh vi chuyn
mch gi v TDMA.
- ATM to ra cc gi tin gi l t bo ATM, n c chun ha kch thc v nh dng
cho ph hp nht, d qun l nht, hiu qu nht v tiu n gin nht.
- ATM khng quan tm thng tin l g v n t u n, n gin l ATM ct bn tin cn
pht thnh cc t bo c kch thc nh bng nhau, gn tiu cho cc t ba sao cho n
c th nh hng ti mc ch mong mun, m bo yu cu trong sut qu trnh truyn
tin.
- Trng thng tin ca khch hang v phn tiu gi l mo u mang thng tin nh
tuyn.
4. La chn di t bo.
S dng gi c di c nh,vn t ra l chn t bo c kch thc bao nhiu.
Kch thc ca t bo s nh hng ti cc ch tiu sau:
- Hiu sut bng truyn.
- Tr (tr to gi, tr hng i, tr tho gi, bin ng tr).
- phc tp khi thc hin.
a) Hiu sut bng truyn.
Hiu sut bng truyn c quyt nh bi t l gia kch thc phn tiu v kch
thc trng d liu. Kch thc trng d liu cng ln th hiu sut cng cao.
b) Tr.
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+ Tr to gi: Ph thuc vo kch thc trng d liu trong t bo th hin hnh5
hiu sut truyn i vi cc t bo c di khc nhau (so snh 2 t bo c H=5 v H=4)
v tr to gi ca chng (so snh gia 2 tc truyn ting ni 64kb/s v 32kb/s).

Hnh 6: hiu sut truyn v tr to gi i vi trng s liu c di khc
+ Tr hng i: B nh hng bi t l gia ln ca trng s liu Lv ln trng
tiu H.
Hnh 6 th hin s ph thuc ca tr hng i v t l L/H. ta nhn thy tr b nht khi
L/H c gi tr t 8 16, tng ng vi kch thc t bo t 32+4 byte ti 64+4 byte.
+ Tr tho gi: B nh hng bi di t bo. Tr ton mng theo khuyn ngh Q.161
ca ITU-T cn phi c gii hn sao cho gi tr ca n nh hn 25 ms. Theo kt qu
nghin cu ca ITU-T, di ca t bo c nh hng trc tip ti tr:
i vi cc t bo c di tng i ngn (32 byte hoc nh hn) th tr tng rt nh,
i vi cc t bo c di ln (hn 64 byte) th tr tng ln ng k, do lc ny s
c gii php khc phc: i vi cc gi c di trung bnh trong khong 32 64 byte,
phn ln cc trng hp ta u khng cn s dng b kh ting vang nu s nt chuyn
mch, s ln chuyn gia mng ATM v mng ng b, khong cch truyn khng qu
ln.
c) phc tp khi thc hin.
phc tp ca h thng ph thuc vo hai thng s c bn, l tc x l v
dung lng b nh cn thit. gii hn t l mt t bo, ta cn phi cung cp mt hng
i c kch thc ln. V vy kch thc t bo cng ln th kch thc hng i cng
phi cng ln. Mt khc, khi c mt gi ti nt chuyn mch th phn tiu ca n cn
phi c x l ngay trong khong thi gian mt t bo, do kch thc t bo cng ln
th thi gian dnh cho vic thc hin cng nhiu v tc yu cu cng thp.
Cc gi tr di kch thc gia 32 byte v 64 byte c s dng ch yu. S la
chn ny ph thuc vo ba thng s chnh cp trn. Cui cng ITU-T la chn
gii php t bo ATM vi kch thc c nh c di 53 byte, trong phn trng d
liu l 48 byte, phn tiu l 5 byte.
5. Nguyn tc nh tuyn trong chuyn mch ATM
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C hai phng thc nh tuyn c s dng trong chuyn mch ATM, l nguyn
tc t nh tuyn v nh tuyn dng bng nh tuyn.
a) Nguyn tc t nh tuyn.
Theo nguyn tc ny vic bin dich VPI/VCI thc hin ti u vo ca cc phn t chuyn
mch sau khi bin dch xong t bo s nhn thm phn m rng bng mt nh danh ni b th
hin xong x l ca t bo.
Quy tc gn tiu cho t bo: VPC/VCI c= VPI/VCI mi + nh danh ni b.



Hnh 6: s t nh tuyn
b) Nguyn tc bng nh tuyn
Theo nguyn tc ny, VPI/VCI trong tiu t bo c bin dch ti mi phn t chuyn
mch thnh mt tiu mi v m s cng u ra thch hp nh bng nh tuyn gn vi phn t
chuyn mch ny. Trong giai on thit lp cuc ni, ni dung ca bng c cp nht.


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Hnh 7: s bng nh tuyn
6. Hot ng ca mng chuyn mch ATM
Ta xt mt v d ng dng ATM cung cp dch v cho ngi dng.Thu bao ATM c th
nhn c dch v bng hai cch sau:
Qua knh o c nh nhn PVC (permanent virtual circuit)
Qua knh o chuyn mch SVC ( switch virtual circuit)
a) PVC: knh o c nh

Hnh 8:PVC mng ATM
Cc thnh phn c bn bao gm:
- PABX l tng i ATM dng ring h tr cho cc dch v in thoi.
- Router l b nh hng dng kt ni cc mng LAN qua mng chuyn mch.
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- MUX thc hin chc nng ghp knh t bo ATM
- Network Operator ngi iu hnh mng c chc nng h tr cho vic thit
lp/gii phng cc knh o c nh.
Vic thc hin PVC theo th tc sau tng t nh knh cho thu:
1. Thu bao gi nh cung cp yu cu knh PVC
2. Thu bao a a ch ch, tc bt yu cu v thi gian s dng
3. Network Operator in thoi vin a cc thng tin ny qua thit b kt cui (Terminal)
thit lp knh tng t nh in thoi vin bnh thng
4. Knh ni c trc thit lp
5. Thu bao tr tin theo qui nh thu knh hay theo chi tit cuc gi
Nh vy i vi hnh thc PVC tng t nh th tc thu knh truyn thng nhng n c
cc u im sau:
Gn nh thi gian thc
rng bng theo yu cu
Khng c th thit lp cuc gi
Nailed-up conection ngha l lun lun c mch ni gia cc im yu cu
D m rng hay gii phng ng ni
b) SVC knh o chuyn mch.

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Hnh 9: SVC mng ATM
i vi phng thc ny, khi cuc gi thit lp, mch s c gn cho ngi dng v dnh
ring cho ngi dng.
Qu trnh thit lp:
- Thu bao ch nhc my gi v quay s
- ATM-hub (trung tm ATM) cuc gi hng ti, n thch ng cc thng tin bo hiu
vo t bo ATM; kim tra tc bt yu cu.
- Cc t bo ATM bo hiu qua mng ti ch thit lp ni.
- ATM hub ch: khi t bo ti ch, ATM hub pha ch s gi cc t bo ngc li
vi cc thng tin v knh o thit lp knh ni.
- T bo quay li vi ch gi, ATM-hub gn cho cc t bo cc gi tr VCI thch hp
v mng by gi bit nh tuyn c th. Qu trnh thi lp xong.


7. Cc yu cu i vi ATM
- ph hp vi vic truyn tn hiu thi gian thc th ATM phi t tr nh th
di ca cc t bo phi ngn hn di cc gi thng tin trong chuyn mch gi.
- Cc t bo phi c on mo u nh nht lm tng hiu qu s dng v cc ng
truyn c tc rt cao.
- m bo tr nh th cc t bo c truyn nhng khong thi gian xc nh
khng c khong cch gia cc t ba
-Trong ATM th t cc t bo bn pht v bn thu phi ging nhau ( m bo nht
qun v th t).