Metric Multipliers

Prefix Multiplier
mega 10
6

kilo* 10
3

deci* 10
-1

centi* 10
-2

milli* 10
-3

micro 10
-6

nano* 10
-9

pico 10
-12

femto 10
-15

(* you must memorize these, I will
not give them to you on quizzes or exams)


Temperature Conversions
o
F =
9
5
x
o
C + 32
o
C =
5
9
o
F - 32




Conversion Factors
1 Watt = 1 J/sec
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 gram = 0.035 ounces
Mass
1 meter = 39.37 inches
1 mile = 5280 feet
Length
1 cubic meter = 1000 liters
1 gallon = 3.785 liters
Volume
128 fluid ounces = 1 gallon
1 pound = 16 ounces 1 yard = 3 feet = 36 inches
Energy
1 calorie = 4.18 joules (J)
Pressure
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 1.0 x 10
5
Pa
760 mm Hg = 760 torr = 14.7 psi
1 J =
1 kg-m
2
sec
2



Constants/Equations
Constants Equations
KE
avg
= 3RT/2 gas constant: R = 8.314 J/mole-K
R = 0.0821 L-atm/mole-K
R = 62.4 L-torr/mole-K
(v
avg
)
2
= 3RT/MW
KE
avg
= m(v
avg
)
2
/2




Constants/Equations
speed of light: c = 3 x 10
8
m/sec
Rydberg constant: R = 1.10 x 10
7
/m
Constants
Planck's constant: h = 6.6 x 10
-34
J-sec/photon
E = h x !
Equations
1
n
f
2
1
n
i
2
_
E
n
= -
Rhc
n
2
" =
h
m x velocity
c = " x !
#E = -Rhc



Chart of !H
f
o
Values
Substance !H
f
o
(kJ/mol)
H
2
O (g) -241.8
H
2
O (l) -285.8
CO
2
(g) -393.5
C
3
H
6
O (l) -248.4



Chart of Heat Capacities
Substance Specific heat (J/g x !K) Molar heat (J/mol x !K)
H
2
O (solid) 2.06 37.1
H
2
O (liquid) 4.184 75.3
H
2
O (gas) 1.86 33.5
Ethanol (liquid) 2.44 11.2
Aluminum 0.897 24.2
Iron 0.449 25.1
Copper 0.385 24.5
Gold 0.129 25.4



Chart of !H
fus
and !H
vap
Values
Substance Melting
point
Boiling
point
!H
fus
(J/g) !H
vap
(J/g)
Water (H
2
O) 0
o
C 100
o
C 333 2260
Ethanol (C
2
H
5
OH) -114
o
C 78
o
C 109 838
Methane (CH
4
) -183
o
C -161
o
C 58.6 511