S.

1 GIoI tbIeu cbung va pban loaI

He thong lam mat tren ong c co nhiem vu gi cho ong c luon lam viec che o
nhiet o toi u khi tai trong thay oi. ieu nay nham tranh cho cac chi tiet ben trong
cua ong c khong b nong thai qua, de dan en tnh trang bo ket, ong thi lam mat
mat cong suat cua ong c.
Nh vay lam mat cho ong c chnh lam giam bt phan nhiet lng do hoa kh chay
truyen lai cho cum piston, xylanh. Neu cum piston xylanh khong c lam mat th
dau boi trn gia piston va xylanh khong con tac dung boi trn, dan en bo ket piston,
ong thi neu xylanh qua nong th khoi hon hp hoa kh hut vao ben trong buong ot b
gian n ra lam trong lng hut b giam, cong suat cua ong c v the cung giam theo.
Nhng khi ong c qua nguoi nhat la luc may mi khi ong th no se lam cho hon hp
hoa kh kho bay hi nen toc o boc hi va khuech tan se kem i, dan en hoa kh se
chay khong het, khien tang tieu hao nhien lieu, giam i cong suat ong c.
He thong lam mat bao gom cac bo phan: ao nc (bao xung quanh xylanh va ben trong
nap qui lac), ket nc (radiator), bm nc (water pump), quat lam mat (fan), van hang
nhiet, cac ng ong va cac bo phan khac. Nc nong ben trong ao nc c bm ti
ket nc, lng gio thoi ra t quat gio se lay i mot phan nhiet lng cua nc nong,
nhiet o nc c giam xuong roi bm se ay nc lam mat tr lai ong c. Nh vay,
nhiet o ong c se giam xuong. Ao nc la mot he thong cac ranh xung quanh xylanh
va ben trong nap qui lac, no c thiet ke bao am u lu lng nc e giai nhiet cho
ong c.
He thong lam mat tren ong c oto c chia lam 2 loai:
He thong lam mat bang khong kh.
He thong lam mat bang nc.
Chng 8: He thong ieu khien quat lam mat ong c

306
* He thong lam mat bang khong kh
Nguyen ly cua he thong lam mat bang khong kh la tao ra xung quanh xylanh
mot luong khong kh e thu nhiet cua ong c. Muon tan nhiet tot mat ngoai
cua ong c, ngi ta lam cac phien tan nhiet e tang be mat tiep xuc truyen
nhiet va cac ban hng gio, quat gio. oi vi ong c nho (xe gan may) th li
dung toc o chuyen ong cua xe thay cho quat gio. ay la kieu lam mat n
gian c s nhieu cac ong c nho nh xe gan may. Trong oto cung co
dung nhng t.
* He thong lam mat bang nc
Kieu boc hi:
Loai n gian nhat khong can bm nc va quat gio.
Loai thu nhiet va boc hi: nc soi co ty trong be se noi len mat thung
cha e boc hi. Nc nguoi co ty trong ln se chm xuong, lien ay
phan nc nong noi len goi la hien tng oi lu t nhien.
Kieu oi lu: hoat ong c nh s chenh lech nhiet o cua 2 cot nc
nong va nc lanh.
Kieu cng bc: e tang toc o lu ong cua nc, ta dung sc ay cua
cot nc do bm nc tao ra (thng dung tren oto).
Kieu kn: thng thay trong oto. Nc tuan hoan kn sau khi qua ket lam
mat tr ve ong c (khong thai nc ra ngoai).
Kieu h: nc lam mat thai ra ngoai. Nhc iem cua loai nay la nhiet o
nc lam mat phai gi 50 60
o
C. Do o, s lam mat khong eu dan en
ng suat cac chi tiet tang len. Mat khac, do anh hng cua nhiet o nc
ngoai ma nhiet o nc trong he thong h cung dao ong ln, v vay
khong co li cho che o lam mat.

S.2 Motor guat lam mat
Ket nc c lam mat bang khong kh. Nhng no lam mat khong kh khi xe khong
chuyen ong. Quat lam mat c s dung e tao sc hut khong kh qua ket nc.
Quat lam mat c truyen ong t truc khuyu qua day ai, hoac c dan ong bang
ong c ien.
Quat lam mat qua day ai c dan ong t truc khuyu. Toc o quat thay oi theo toc
o ong c, nen toc o cua quat khong u ln khi ong c chay toc o thap va, toc
o cao, toc o quat qua ln lam gia tang ton that cong suat va tang tieng on. e khac
phuc, ngay nay ngi ta dung mot khp silicon ieu khien bang nhiet o bo tr gia
bm nc va quat.
Mot cach khac la dung mot ong c ien e keo quat. Cach nay c s dung pho bien
tren cac ong c hien ai.
He thong ien va ien t tren oto hien ai he thong ien ong c

307
Quat
dan
nong
Quat ket nc
Cho gan ong ho
Cong tac ap suat
Dan nong

Hnh 8.1: Quat ket nc lam mat
ECU nhan c tn hieu nhiet o ong c t cam bien nhiet o nc lam mat at nap
may. Khi nhiet o nc lam mat gia tang en mc qui nh, cam bien se ieu khien
relay ong va cap dong ien en motor quat e dan ong cho quat quay.
Quat lam mat ch c dan ong khi can thiet, nh the, nhiet o ong c gia tang at
en nhiet o toi u nhanh chong, ong thi giam c suat tieu hao nhien lieu, cung
nh giam c tieng on.










Hnh 8.2: S o c ban mach ieu khien quat lam mat

Accu
Relay quat
IG/SW
Cam bien
Motor quat
Chng 8: He thong ieu khien quat lam mat ong c

308
S.S Ieu kbIen lam mat doc lap
S.S.1 He tbong dIeu kbIen guat ket nuoc bang cong tac nbIet
tbuong dong (normally close)
He thong ieu khien quat lam mat ong c lap at tren xe TOYOTA dung cong
nhiet loai thng ong. Cau tao cua mach ien bao gom: accu, cac cau ch, cong
tat may, relay chnh , relay ieu khien quat mat, quat gio, cong tat nhiet o nc
(ch lam viec khi nhiet ln hn 84
o
C).



















Hnh 8.3: Mach ien quat lam mat loai thng ong tren xe TOYOTA
Nguyen ly hoat ong
Khi bat cong tac may (IG/SW) se co dong ien qua cau ch 7,5A cung cap cho
cuon day cua relay quat lam mat (cooling fan motor relay) qua cong tac nhiet o
nc(water temprature switch) ve mass hut cong tac ngat dong en motor.
ong thi dong ien cung en cung cap cho cuon day cua relay chnh (main
relay) i xuong mass hut cong tac W sang v tr C.
Khi ong c lam viec nhiet o di 84
o
C, do cong tac nhiet o nc van ong
nen quat lam mat ong c cha lam viec. Khi nhiet nc lam mat ong c vt
qua 84
0
C th cong tac nhiet o nc se ngat dong qua cuon day cua relay quat
giai nhiet ket nc (cooling fan relay) lam cho cong tac tra ve v tr cu noi dng
cho motor lam quat quay.
S.S.2 He tbong dIeu kbIen guat ket nuoc bang cong tac nbIet
tbuong mo (normally open)
He thong ien ieu khien quat nc lam mat ong c loai nay c lap at tren
xe HONDA ACCORD model 90-94, khong dung chung vi mach ien ieu khien
Relay motor
quat lam mat
Relay
ong c
7.5A
B
ST
IG
M
motor quat
lam mat
C B
A
Cong tac
nhiet o
nc
He thong ien va ien t tren oto hien ai he thong ien ong c

309
he thong lanh. Cau tao cua he thong bao gom: accu, cau ch, cong tac may, relay
ieu khien quat, quat lam mat ong c, cong tac nhiet o nc (lam viec khi
nhiet o nc vt qua 90
o
C ).
















Hnh 8.4: Mach ien quat lam mat loai thng m tren xe HONDA - ACCORD
Nguyen ly hoat ong
Khi bat cong tac may (IG/SW) ien the dng qua cau ch c cap en mot au
cuon day cua relay quat lam mat ket nc va tiep iem cua relay nay.
Khi ong c lam viec nhiet o di 90
o
C do cau tao cua cong tac nhiet o nc
(coolant temperature switch) van cha ong nen motor quat lam mat ket nc
cha lam viec.
Khi nhiet o nc lam mat vt qua 90
o
C, cong tac nhiet o nc se ong tiep
mass cho cuon day cua relay quat (radiator fan relay) e ong cong tac cung cap
dng cho quat lam viec.
S.S.S He tbong dIeu kbIen guat lam mat ket bop voI be tbong
dIeu boa nbIet do
He thong ieu khien quat lam mat dung chung vi mach ien ieu khien he
thong lanh di ay c lap tren xe TOYOTA COROLLA. Cau tao cua he
thong bao gom cac bo phan: accu, cac cau ch, cong tac may, relay ieu khien
quat lam mat va quat gian lanh, cong tac nhiet o nc lam mat (lam viec khi
nhiet o nc lam mat ong c > 90
o
C).




Motor quat
lam mat
Relay quat
lam mat
Cong tac
nhiet
80A
50A
15A
IG
ST
B
Chng 8: He thong ieu khien quat lam mat ong c

310





























Hnh 8.5: S o mach ien ieu khien quat lam mat
khi he thong ieu hoa nhiet o hoat ong
Nguyen ly hoat ong
Khi bat cong tac may se co dong ien t:
(+) Accu IG cau ch 15A qua cuon day cua relay chnh mat qua
cuon day cua relay quat ket nc lam mat cong tac nhiet o nc mat
qua cuon day cua relay quat gian nong cong tac nhiet o nc lam mat mat.
lam hut tiep iem cac relay.
Khi bat cong tac may lanh, cong tac nhiet o nc lam mat ong (nc lam mat
con thap), co dong ien nh sau:
(+) Accu cuon day cua relay ly hp may lanh (A/C magnetic clutch relay)
mass lam ong tiep iem relay ly hp ien t, cac dong cho cuon day relay quat
gian nong ong tiep iem relay. Xuat hien dong i t relay chnh motor quat
gian nong relay 4 chan cua quat gian nong relay 5 chan cua quat gian nong
Relay
ly hp
may
lanh
Relay
quat
gian
nong
Quat
gian
nong
Relay
quat
gian
nong
Relay
quat
lam
mat
Relay
chnh
Quat
lam
mat
ong c
Cong tac
nhiet o
nc lam
mat
A/C
SW
15A 15A
IG/SW
BAT
+
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
1
2
5
He thong ien va ien t tren oto hien ai he thong ien ong c

311
motor quat ket nc lam mat ong c mat. Lam ca hai quat eu quay,
nhng vi toc o cham do mac noi tiep vi nhau.
Khi nhiet o nc lam mat ong c > 90
o
C, cong tac nhiet o nc lam mat h
lam relay quat gian nong va relay quat ket nc lam mat ong c cung h theo,
phat sinh mot dong ien mi i t: IG relay chnh chan so 5 cua relay quat
lam mat ong c motor quat mat. Quat quay vi toc o cao nhat. IG
relay chnh motor quat gian nong relay 4 chan cua quat gian nong chan 3
va chan 4 cua relay 5 chan quat gian nong mat. Quat gian nong quay toc o
cao nhat.

S.4 Ieu kbIen guat lam mat gua bop dIeu kbIen
S.4.1 He tbong dIeu kbIen guat voI bop dIeu kbIen doc lap
Mach ien ieu khien quat lam mat tren xe Lexus ES 300 c ieu khien t
hop ECU, quat lam mat ket nc hoat ong nh ap suat dau tr lc lai. Mach
ien ieu khien quat lam mat nc ong c lap tren xe Lexus ES 300 gom
nhng bo phan sau: accu, cau ch, hop ieu khien quat (cooling fan ECU), cam
bien v tr bm ga (throttle position sensor), van solenoid, cong tat ap suat bm
(A/C singlepressure swith), cam bien nhiet o nc lam mat ong c (engine
coolant temperature sensor), cam bien anh la (ignition sensors), quat lam mat
ket nc.



















Hnh 8.6: S o quat lam mat vi hop ieu khien oc lap
Nguyen ly hoat ong
1
H
o
p

i
e
u

k
h
i
e
n

B
L
U
/
Y
E
L

B
L
U
/
W
H
T

Cam bien nhiet o
nc lam mat
B
L
K
/
R
E
B
L
K

B
R
N

Y
E
L
/
B
L
Y
E
L

B
L
U

B
L
U
/
R
E
Am bobine
Van
ien t
ECU IG
FUSE 15A
Cam bien v
tr bm ga
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
Cong tac ap
suat gas
Chng 8: He thong ieu khien quat lam mat ong c

312
Quat lam mat ong c tren xe Lexus ES 300 la loai dung ap suat dau e ieu
khien toc o quat. Khi bat cong tac may se co nguon (+) qua cau ch 15A cung
cap cho hop ieu khien quat chan 1 va hop c noi mass chan 4. Cac tn
hieu v tr bm ga ve hop chan so 5, cam bien nhiet o nc bao ve hop chan 9
va chan 10, cong tac ap suat cao noi ve hop chan 8, cam bien anh la gi ve
hop chan 6.
Khi tong hp cac tn hieu tren, hop se ieu khien valve solenoid chan 2 va 3 e
ieu khien ap suat dau lam quat quay toc o ng vi cac tn hieu gi ve hop.
7.4.2 He tbong dIeu kbIen guat voI ECU dong co
Tren hnh 7.7 trnh bay mach ien ieu khien quat lam ong c tren xe Nissan lap
ong c GA 16DE & SR model cho x nong, c ieu khien t hop ECU ong
c. Cau tao cua he thong gom nhng bo phan sau: accu, cau ch, cong tac may,
relay ieu khien quat (radiator fan relay), cam bien nhiet o (themo switch), hop
ieu khien (ECCS control unit), hai quat lam mat nc (radiator fan).



















Hnh 8.7: S o mach ien ieu khien quat lam mat vi ECU ong c

ECCS CONTROL
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Themistor
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BAT
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