A Brief Introduction to the Power System

Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) for Power System

Analysis Undergraduate Courses
Federico Milano
Federico.Milano@uclm.es

Summary
lnLroducuon Lo Lhe SA1
lnLerneL communlLy
lnsLallauon
Lxecuung Lhe SA1 - Cul Mode
Case sLudy and daLa preparauon
Pow Lo seL up a LesL sysLem for power ow analysls
Semngs and power ow soluuon
vlewlng and analyzlng resulLs
Cuesuons?
lnLroducuon
WhaL ls Lhe SA1?
ls an !"#$ &!'()# power sysLem analysls Loolbox for MaLlab and Cnu/
CcLave developed by ur. lederlco Mllano.
WhaL ls lL used for?
lL can be used for power sysLem analysls and conLrol learnlng, educauon
and research.
WhaL ls Lhls presenLauon abouL?
ls abouL how Lo use SA1 from scraLch Lo do slmple power ow analysls.
WhaL wlll you learn from Lhls presenLauon?
1hls presenLauon does noL lnLend Lo glve you nelLher a compleLe nor
solld undersLandlng of Lhe SA1 program.
lL serves as a slmple lnLroducuon Lo geL you up and runnlng" wlLh Lhe
program.
lnLerneL CommunlLy
1he SA1 lorum ls an lnLerneL communlLy of
developers, program users and power sysLem
enLhuslasLs.
More Lhan 3,130 users around Lhe world!
arL of Lhe !"#$ &'()*# naLure an phllosophy of SA1:
a splrlL of collaborauon.
?ou can geL help and ask quesuons relaLed Lo Lhe SA1
and ower SysLems knowledge.
Also, download Lhe mosL recenL verslon of SA1, SA1
uocumenLauon, sample daLa les, eLc.
Pope Lo see you Lhere!:
hup://Lech.groups.yahoo.com/group/psauorum/
lnsLallauon
?ou wlll be provlded a compressed *+(,+-- wlLh Lhe
mosL recenL dlsLrlbuuon of Lhe SA1 and Lhe
documenLauon.
?ou can alLernauvely download Lhe SA1 from:

hup://www3.uclm.es/profesorado/federlco.mllano/psaL.hLm

uncompress Lhe les and copy Lhe psaL" folder
preferably Lo Lhe work" dlrecLory ln Lhe MaLlab
dlrecLory.
lL ls advlsable LhaL you add Lhe psaL" dlrecLory and lLs
subdlrecLorles Lo Lhe MaLlab aLh.
Lxecuung Lhe SA1 ln Cul Mode
Cnce SA1 has
been lnsLalled
Lype ln Lhe
MaLlab
Command
Wlndow:

>> psat
Aer a splash
wlndow, Lhe
Maln Cul" wlll
appear ln your
screen:
Cpuons and semngs you wlll be uslng
View power flow
results, Static
Report icon
Open a
data file
Run power
flow
Program
settings
Launch the
PSAT-
Simulink
model library
(to set up your
one-line
diagram)
Case SLudy and uaLa reparauon
ower ow example from Cralnger and SLevenson's
book.
Case SLudy and uaLa reparauon
?ou should prepare your sysLem daLa ln Lables for easy lnpuL lnLo SA1:
volLage base 20 kv
SysLem base 100 kvA
SysLem daLa
8us v g (kW) Cg (kvAr) d (kW) Cd (kvAr) Lype
1 1.00 ? ? 30 30.99 slack
2 ? 0 0 170 103.33 C
3 ? 0 0 200 123.94 C
4 1.02 318 ? 80 49.38 v
Llne daLa
lrom bus 1o bus r (pu) x (pu) b (pu)
1 2 0.01008 0.0304 0.1023
1 3 0.00744 0.0342 0.0773
2 4 0.00744 0.0342 0.0773
3 4 0.01272 0.0636 0.1273
Semng up Lhe sysLem ln SA1
1wo opuons: daLa les or one-llne dlagrams vla Lhe Craphlcal
neLwork LdlLor uslng Lhe SA1-Slmullnk llbrary
Slmullnk ls used as a +),"-.*,/ 01.2'), $!* + &./'-+0!$
#$1.(!$/#$*.
Aer you nlsh drawlng your one-llne dlagram, you musL save
Lhe le and load lL Lo SA1 lL vla Lhe uaLa llle" eld ln Lhe
SA1 Maln Cul.
1hls wlll LranslaLe your Slmullnk dlagram Lo a SA1 readable
daLa le.
We wlll cover how Lo use Lhe CnL, lf you wanL Lo learn how
seL up a daLa le by dlrecLly lnpumng Lhe daLa, refer Lo Lhe
SA1 documenLauon.
uslng Lhe CnL ower llow ComponenLs
Cllck on Lhe
Slmullnk lcon
of Lhe SA1
Maln Cul.
1he Slmullnk
model llbrary
wlll appear.
?ou only need
Lo use Lwo of
Lhe sub
llbrarles.
Drag and drop the components you
need to use in a blank Simulink file.
1L from
Abedul Lo Clmo
urag and drop Lhe l
Lransmlsslon model Lo a
blank Slmullnk llle.
uouble cllck on Lhe
componenL and lnLroduce all
Lhe daLa.
Llne daLa:
lrom 8us 1o 8us 8 x ?/2
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1 2 0.01008 0.03040 0.03123
(use per unlL values)
llnal Cne-ulagram
keep addlng each of Lhe
remalnlng elemenLs of Lhe one-
llne dlagram.
lf you have doubLs on whaL Lo
enLer for each eld of any
elemenL, you should rsL refer
Lo Lhe manual.
lf you don'L have daLa for any
speclc eld, use sLandard
values.
1he nal resulL looks slmllar Lo
Lhe one on Lhe rlghL.

8emarks on er unlL values ln SA1
1he defaulL power base ls 100 MvA. 1hls value can be
changed ln Lhe maln SA1 wlndow.
8uses dene Lhe volLage base ln kv.
er unlL values of each devlce are dened based on Lhe
power and volLage nomlnal raLes of Lhe devlce.
8efore runnlng Lhe power ow analysls Lhe per unlL value of
each devlces are converLed Lo Lhe sysLem power base and Lo
Lhe volLage base of Lhe bus aL whlch Lhe devlce ls connecLed.
very lmporLanL 8emarks
ower bases ,/3,45 refer Lo Lhree-phase apparenL
powers and are expressed ln 678.
volLage bases ,/3,45 refer Lo llne-Lo-llne values and
are expressed ln 97.
lmpedance and admluance values are always "#)
"-,5#.

Lxample on er unlL values ln SA1 (l)
LeL assume Lhe Lhe sysLem power base ls Sb = 0.1 MvA.
LeL dene Lwo 8uses wlLh a nomlnal volLage raLe vb = 20 kv.
LeL connecL Lhe Lwo buses Lhrough a Lransmlsslon llne.
1he Lransmlsslon llne has Lhe followlng daLa: power raLe Sn =
0.03 MvA, volLage raLe vn = 22 kv and reslsLance r = 0.1 pu.
WhaL ls Lhe llne reslsLance used by SA1?
Lxample on er unlL values ln SA1 (ll)
1he nomlnal lmpedance on llne nomlnal raLes ls:
1he sysLem base ls:
Pence Lhe nal reslsLance value used ln power ow analysls
ls:
Z
n
=
V
n
2
S
n
=
22
2
50
= 9.68 kA
Z
b
=
V
b
2
S
b
=
20
2
100
= 4.0 kA
r
system
== r
line
Z
b
Z
n
= 0.1
9.68
4.0
= 0.242 pu
PlnLs Lo avold Lrrors
use Lhe same value for Lhe sysLem power base and devlce
nomlnal power raLes.
use Lhe same value for bus volLage bases and devlce nomlnal
volLage raLes.
lf Lhe rules above are saused, Lhen base converslon does
noL change user lnpuL values.
:'2#; lf Sn = Sb = 1 MvA and vn = vb = 1 kv for all devlces,
Lhen one can Lhlnk as powers ln MvA, volLages ln kv, currenLs
ln kA, and lmpedances ln Chms.
Click on
Load
Load Lhe model Lo SA1
2+1# *3# 2./'-.$4
/!5#-6 789:;
&+1.$< *3# /!5#-
=>7? @9 *! A279
1.+ *3# !"#$# &'()*
B#-5 !C *3# D7@E
FG@H
Set the type of
your file
Choose the file
you created
8unnlng ower llow
8emember Lo ad[usL Lhe
semngs Lo whaL you
deslre (lrequency ls 60
Pz ln Lhe uS)
Cllck on Lhe ower
llow" lcon.
A small wlndow ln Lhe
Maln Cul wlll show you
Lhe lLerauon process,
you wlll know when Lhe
program has converged
Lo a soluuon.
vlewlng Lhe ower llow 8esulLs
Cllck on Lhe
SLauc
8eporL" lcon.
1he SLauc
8eporL Cul"
wlll appear
ln your
screen.
Voltage (Magnitude)
Profile Plot
Load or Generation View
Solution for Bus 1
(Abedul)
Preferences Menu
Ceneraung a power ow reporL
1o generaLe a power
ow reporL, cllck on Lhe
8eporL" lcon on Lhe
SLauc 8eporL" Cul.
A LexL le wlll appear ln
your screen wlLh Lhe
soluuon deLalls.
?ou can also seL your
preferences, such as
1exL vlewer ln Lhe
references Menu".
?ou can also check llmlL
vlolauons and lnclude
shunLs Lhrough Lhe
opuons below Lhe
8eporL" buuon.
Report
Button
Power Flow
Report