This document discusses lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. It covers the structure and functions of lipids, how lipids are transported and absorbed, and the role of lipoproteins. It also summarizes carbohydrate metabolism including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Key aspects of protein metabolism are outlined such as amino acid synthesis and degradation. Cholesterol synthesis and metabolism is described. Overall pathways of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein breakdown and utilization are mapped out in detail.
This document discusses lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. It covers the structure and functions of lipids, how lipids are transported and absorbed, and the role of lipoproteins. It also summarizes carbohydrate metabolism including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Key aspects of protein metabolism are outlined such as amino acid synthesis and degradation. Cholesterol synthesis and metabolism is described. Overall pathways of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein breakdown and utilization are mapped out in detail.
This document discusses lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. It covers the structure and functions of lipids, how lipids are transported and absorbed, and the role of lipoproteins. It also summarizes carbohydrate metabolism including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Key aspects of protein metabolism are outlined such as amino acid synthesis and degradation. Cholesterol synthesis and metabolism is described. Overall pathways of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein breakdown and utilization are mapped out in detail.
This document discusses lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. It covers the structure and functions of lipids, how lipids are transported and absorbed, and the role of lipoproteins. It also summarizes carbohydrate metabolism including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Key aspects of protein metabolism are outlined such as amino acid synthesis and degradation. Cholesterol synthesis and metabolism is described. Overall pathways of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein breakdown and utilization are mapped out in detail.
TG TG FL LIPASE MG MG FA FA LFL MISELE EMULSION GARAM EMPEDU INTESTINE LUMEN INESTINAL CELL SER RER MG LPL FA MG TG FA FL FL APO- B48 CHYLOMI CRON FAT ABSORPTION AND CHYLOMICRONS FORMATION HDL NASCENT CHYLOMICRON COLIPASE Lipid transport PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN LIPID : INSOLUBLE TRANSPORTED AS EMULSION EMULGATOR (BIPOLAR) : FOSFOLI PID ; KOLESTEROL ; PROTEIN.
1. CHYLOMICRON 2. VLDL = VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN 3. LDL = LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN 4. HDL = HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN 1. CHYLOMICRON : TG >>> 2. VLDL : TG >>> 3. LDL : cholesterol >>> 4. HDL : protein >>> PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN COMPOSITION TG & KOLESTEROL ESTERAPOPROTEIN ,PHOSPHOLIPID ( PHOSFATIDILCHOLINE / SPHINGOMIELIN ) , FREE CHOLESTEROL
SMALL INTESTINE B-48 TG C TG C B-48 A A A C E EXTRA HEPATIC TISSUES LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE E A C HDL Nascent Chylomicron Chylomicron PC B-48 E PC C Dietary TG GLISEROL FA Cholesterol Fatty acids LIVER LDL (apo B-100, E) receptor Chylomicron remnant (apo E) receptor CHYLOMICRON METABOLISM CHYLOMICRON REMNANT ( SISA KILOMIKRON ) VLDL/LDL METABOLISM LIVER EXTRAHEPATIC TISSUE EXTRAHE- PATIC TISSUE B-100 TG C C E NASCENT VLDL B-100 TG C C E B-100 TG C E IDL ( VLDL REMNANT ) B-100 C LDL (VLDL REMNANT ) PC C E A FATTY ACIDS CHOLESTEROL VLDL GLISEROL FA LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE APO C ? LDL (APO B-100,E) RECEPTOR LDL (APO B-100,E) RECEPTOR HDL HDL METABOLISM Fatty acid oxidation BETA OXIDATION O R-CH2-CH2C-OH FFA
O R-CH2-CH2C~S-KoA ASIL-KoA ATP + KoA-SH AMP + PPi MITOCHONDRIA MEMBRANE O R-CH2-CH2C~S-KoA O R-CH=CH-C~S-KoA --ENOIL-KoA FP FPH2 OX RESP 2ADP 2ATP OH O R-CH-CH2-C~S-KoA ASIL-KoA DEHIDROGENASE --ENOIL-KoA HIDRATASE H2O =
O O R-CH-CH2-C~S-KoA -KETO ASIL-KoA NAD NADH + H+ OKS RESP -HIDROKSI ASIL-KoA 3 ADP 3 ATP -HIDROKSI ASIL-KoA DEHIDRO- GENASE KoA-SH O O R-C~S-KoA + CH3-C~S-KoA ASETIL-KoA SAS ATP TIOLASE MOBILISASI FFA CHOLESTEROL KETONE BODIES I II III IV V Ketogenesis and ketolysis KETOGENESIS & KETOLISIS STARVATION, DIABETES M. FA MOBILISATION OX ENERGY KETOGENESIS KETOGENESIS = KETON BODIES SYNTHESIS (LIVER) KETOLYSIS = KETON BODIES CATABOLISM (TISSUE) KETON BODIES : -HYDROXYBUTIRATE, ACETOACETATE, ACETONE. LIVER EXTRA HEPATIC TISSUE eq. MUSCLE FFA
ACYL-CoA ACETYL-CoA
HMG-CoA
ACETOACETATE
3-HYDROXY- BUTYRATE
NADH + H+ NAD+ ACETYL-CoA
ACETOACETYL-CoA
ACETOACETATE
3-HYDROXYBU TYRATE
SUCCINATE OAA
SUCCINYL CITRATE -CoA CYTRIC ACID CYCLE TRANSPORT OF KETONE BODIES FROM THE LIVER NADH + H+ NAD+ THIOLASE CoA - TRANSFER ASE Fatty acid biosynthesis CH3-CO-SKoA ASETIL-KoA - OOC-CH2-CO-SKoA MALONIL-KoA CO2 HS-PAN- -Cys-HS HS-Cys- -PAN-HS -- -Cys-S-C-CH3 -- -PAN-S-C-CH2-COO -ENZ-ASIL ( ASETIL MALONIL ) O O KoA KoA - -CyS-SH - -PAN-S-C-CH2-C-CH3 ENZ-3-KETOASIL ( ENZ ASETOASETIL ) CO2 3-KETOASIL SINTASE - -CyS-SH - -PAN-S-C-CH2-CH-CH3 ENZ.-3-HIDROKSI ASIL O O O O NADPH + H+ NADP + - -Cys-SH - -PAN-S-C-CH=CH-CH3 ENZ.-2,3-ASIL TAK JENUH 3-KETO ASIL REDUKTASE HIDRATASE H2O - -Cys-SH - -PAN-S-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 NADPH + H + NADP+ NADPH : HMP - ISOCYTRATE DEHIDRO GENASE MALIC ENZYME ENZIM-ASIL PALMITAT 7 X ( Cn ) /PALMITATE BIOTIN ENZIM CARBOHYDRAT PROTEIN Acyl glycerol biosynthesis (CELL MEMBRANE) (ADIPOSE) (CELL MEMBRANE) Cholesterol metabolism CHOLESTEROL FUNCTIONS : 1. STEROID HORMON & REPRODUCTION HORMON SYNTHESIS 2. VITAMIN D SYNTHESIS 3. HORMON KALSITRIOL SINTESIS SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL : 1. EXOGEN DIET/ CHYLOMICRON 2. ENDOGEN SYNTHESIS (HEPAR VLDL) KOLESTEROL SKLEROSIS CHOLESTEROL (C 27 H 45 O) SYNTHESIS FROM ASETIL-KoA BIOSYNTHESIS KOLESTEROL : CYTOPLASM OF ALL CELLS, HEPAR >>> SYNTHESIS : ASETIL-CoA HMG-CoA REDUCTASE MEVALONATE
ISOPENTINYLPYROPHOSPHATE
SQUALENE
LANOSTEROL
CHOLESTEROL CHOLESTEROL CATABOLISM BILE ACID
TOTAL CHOLESTEROL 200mg% LDL - WITHOUT CHD & <2 RF 160 mg% - WITHOUT CHD & 2/>R F 130 mg% - WITH CHD < 100 mg% HDL - WOMAN 45 mg% - MAN 35 mg% TG 60-160 mg% -ketoglutarate : Glutamate, Glutamin,Proline, Hydroxyproline
Oxaloacetate : Aspartate, Asparagine
3-phosphoglycerate : Serine, Glycine
Serine Cysteine Phenylalanine Tyrosine
Protein degradation produce amino acid ubiquitin protein proteosome PORPHYRIN PORPHYRIN HEME DIRECT BILIRUBIN INDIRECT BILIRUBIN THANK YOU