Beyond the Obvious Beyond the Obvious

SAP R/3 System Overview

&
ABAP/4 Programming
SAP R/3 System
Overview of R/3 System
Logical View of R/3 System
ABAP/4 - SAP R/3 PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
Advanced Business
Application Programming
ABAP/4
Fourth generation language
Event driven
All SAP R/3 applications and parts of Basis are
developed in ABAP
Verbose language
Topics of Discussion
ABAP Development Workbench
Data Dictionary
Reports
BDC
SAP Script
Module Pool
ABAP Development Workbench
ABAP Development Workbench
ABAP Development Workbench is a graphical
programming environment which enables us to create
new ABAP applications and change existing SAP
applications.
ABAP Workbench - Transaction code -S001
Tools -> ABAP Workbench
Repository Browser - Transaction code - SE80
Data Dictionary - SE11
Function Builder - SE37
Screen Painter - SE51
Creating a Program
Click the button ABAP Editor in the Workbench
Creating a program
The program attributes screen looks like this
... Debugging
Runtime Analysis
Tells us how long do specific operations take during
the run
Gives the trace list of subroutines that have been
processed
SQL trace helps to trace database calls to find out
the tables used by the application
Development class
A set of logically related development environment
objects.
A development class together with its objects is
transportable.
Each development class is under the administration
of one user.
Creating development class
Data Dictionary
Data Dictionary
ABAP Development workbench tool
Stores system wide data definition
Completely integrated with ABAP Workbench
Data Dictionary objects
Data Elements
Domains
Tables
Structures
Views
REPORTS
ABAP/4 Reporting
Objectives
Understand data declarations, commands, system
fields used in reports
Understand the selection screens
Understand the program level events, conditions &
loops
Understand the data retrieval from the tables and
Internal tables
Understand the modularization techniques,
field symbols and logical databases
Types of programs
Type 1
run on its own
Can be started it in the R/3 system without a
transaction code
Can be executed in background
Type M ( Module pool)
Program cannot run on its own and can be called via
a transaction code
Type I ( Include )
Program Selections
SELECT-OPTIONS Statement
SELECT-OPTIONS <Name> FOR <Table field>
NO EXTENSION
OBLIGATORY
LOWER CASE
SELECT-OPTIONS allows specification of multiple
values and ranges. This can only be declared for
fields within tables defined in the TABLES statement.
Example
SELECT
SELECT
-
-
OPTIONS: S_KUNNR FOR KNA1
OPTIONS: S_KUNNR FOR KNA1
-
-
KUNNR
KUNNR.
Program Selections
PARAMETERS Statement
PARAMETERS <Name> TYPE
LIKE
OBLIGATORY
AS CHECKBOX
DEFAULT
This statement allows entry of a single value on the
selection screen.
Example :
PARAMETER
PARAMETER :
P_KUNNR LIKE KNA1
P_KUNNR LIKE KNA1
-
-
KUNNR
KUNNR.
Blocking Selection Screen
A sample screen
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK RAD1
WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-002.
PARAMETERS R1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP GR1.
PARAMETERS R2 RADIOBUTTON GROUP GR1.
PARAMETERS R3 RADIOBUTTON GROUP GR1.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK RAD1.
DATA Definitions
TYPES Statement
TYPES <name> TYPE or LIKE
DECIMALS
SAP allows the creation of new user defined data types.
And this does not create a variable, just a new type
that can be used in creating a variable.
Example :
TYPES : CC LIKE BKPF
TYPES : CC LIKE BKPF
-
-
BUKRS
BUKRS
DATA : NEW_CC TYPE CC.
DATA : NEW_CC TYPE CC.
Data Definitions
Internal Tables
DATA : BEGIN OF <name> OCCURS x,
(variable definitions)
END OF <name>.
Internal Tables are defined as an extension of a
structure, with the addition of an OCCURS clause.
Example
DATA : BEGIN OF T_WRK,
DATA : BEGIN OF T_WRK,
T_KUNNR LIKE KNA1
T_KUNNR LIKE KNA1
-
-
KUNNR,
KUNNR,
SW TYPE C,
SW TYPE C,
END OF T_WRK.
END OF T_WRK.
Program Level Events
INITIALIZATION.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN
AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT
START-OF-SELECTION
END-OF-SELECTION
TOP-OF-PAGE
END-OF-PAGE
AT LINE-SELECTION
AT USER-COMMAND
IF Statement
CASE Statement
Modularization techniques
Defining Macros
Include program
Subroutines
Function Module
BDC
BDC - Batch Data Communication
To transfer data from non-SAP systems ( ie.
already available in electronic form )
Suitable for entering large amounts of data as it
executes the transactions automatically
Similar to entering the data in the transactions
manually
BDC Methods
Classical Method
Call Transaction
Call Dialog
Preparing a BDC Table
The BDC table should have five fields viz.,
1) Program name
2) Screen number
3) Screen begin
4) Field name
5) Field value
Preparing a BDC Table
For eg.
Prog Screen Scrn Field Field
name No begin name value
SAPMMO3M 0060 X
RM03M- MATNR mat.no
RM03M-MBRSH indu. sec
.
.
SAPMM03M 0080 X
RM03M-WERKS target pla
.
.
SAP Script
SAP Script
Objectives
Understand Forms, various components of forms
such as windows, pages, character format,
paragraph format etc.
Understand the control commands, symbols and
function modules in SAP Script.
Forms
Controls the page layout and text formatting
A form of the graphical Form Painter consists of
Header data
Page layout
Paragraph format
Character format
Documentation
SAP Script - Control commands
PERFORM Command
To Call an ABAP subroutine (form) from any program
Syntax
/: PERFORM <form> IN PROGRAM <prog>
/: USING &VAR1&

/: CHANGING &VAR2&

/: ENDPERFORM
Function Modules in SAP Script
Form functions
OPEN_FORM Opens the form output.
WRITE_FORM Calls a form element
CLOSE_FORM Ends the form output.
START_FORM Starts a new form.
Database
READ_TEXT Reads a text module and
passes
it to the specified work areas.
Module Pool
Creating Screens
Click screen painter button in Workbench
Structure of program
Flow logic
The flow logic of a screen drives the processing
sequence for that particular screen. Flow logic
describes how the program reacts to the user actions.
The events used for this purpose are,
Process before output (PBO)
Process after input (PAI)
Process on value request (POV)
Process on help request (POH)