1

International Payment
NI DUNG CHNG TRNH
(45 TIT 3VHT)
Phn I:
T gi hi oi
Phn II:
Cc phng tin thanh ton quc t
Phn III:
Cc phng thc thanh ton quc t
TI LIU HC TP
* BT BUC
1. Gio trnh: Thanh ton quc t, GS. inh Xun Trnh,
NXB L XH, 2006
2. Tp qun quc t v L/C, ICC
3. Cc iu kin thng mi quc t, Incoterms 2000, ICC
* THAM KHO
4. Sch chuyn kho:
- Cm nang gii quyt tranh chp trong TTQT bng L/C,
PGS.TS. Nguyn Th Quy, NXB L lun chnh tr, 2006
- Th trng thng phiu Vit Nam, GS. inh Xun
Trnh & TS. ng Th Nhn, NXB L-XH,2006
5. Lut Vit Nam v Quc t c lin quan
6. Cc bo, tp ch chuyn ngnh
7. Internet: www.sbv.gov.vn; www.wb.com; www.easy-
forex.com...
2
PHN I
T GI HI OI
Exchange rate
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 5
NI DUNG NGHIN CU
T GI HI OI V CC LOI T GI
- Ngoi hi
- Khi nim t gi
- Cc loi t gi
- Phng php yt gi
- Xc nh t gi theo pp cho
- Cc nhn t nh hng n TGH
- Phng php iu chnh TGH
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 6
A. T GI HI OI V CC LOI T GI
I. NGOI HI
Ngoi hi l cc phng tin tin t hay tn dng c dng trong thanh ton
gia cc quc gia khc nhau
Ngoi hi bao gm:
1. Ngoi t (foreign currency)
2. Cc phng tin TTQT c gi ghi bng ngoi t
3. Cc chng khon c gi ghi bng ngoi t
4. Vng, bc, kim cng, qu
5. ng ni t c s dng trong TTQT hoc c chuyn ra hay chuyn vo
lnh th ca mt quc gia
VN: Khon 1, iu 4, php lnh qun l ngoi hi c UBTVQH
thng qua ngy 13/12/2005, c hiu lc t ngy 1/1/2006
3
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 7
II. KHI NIM T GI HI OI
1. Khi nim1(mang tnh cht th trng)
T gi hi oi l gi c ca mt n v tin t nc
ny th hin bng mt s n v tin t nc kia v
ngc li.
- Cung ngoi t > cu ngoi t: TGH gim
- Cung ngoi t < cu ngoi t: TGH tng
Quan h cung cu ngoi t nh hng ti s bin
ng TGH
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 8
2. Khi nim 2(mang tnh cht c bn)
T gi hi oi l quan h so snh ca hai tin t
khc nhau.
C s so snh:
- Ngang gi vng (gold parity)
- Ngang gi sc mua (Purchasing power parity)
* Cc tiu ch ca PPP:
- H thng gi c ca mt quc gia (ch s CPI)
- H thng gi ngoi t ca mt quc gia (Exchange rate)
- Gi vng ti quc gia (gold price)
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 9
III. CC LOI T GI HI OI
1. Cn c vo phng tin TTQT (5 loi)
a. T gi in hi (T/T Telegraphic transfer)
b. T gi th hi (M/T Mail transfer)
City bank
VCB
P/O by cable
XX X 0 0 0 0
0
NK
VCB
City B XK
American
Vietnam
4
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 10
III. CC LOI T GI HI OI
(Cn c vo phng tin TTQT)
c. T gi sc (Check exchange rate)
T gi sc = t gi T/T li pht sinh ca mt v ngoi t
trong thi gian chuyn sc
1.Mua sc
2. NHNK chuyn sc cho ngi XK
3,4: Xut trnh sc nhn tin
NHNK
NK
NHXK
XK
2
1
3 4
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 11
III. CC LOI T GI HI OI
(Cn c vo phng tin TTQT)
d. T gi hi phiu tr ngay
- Cch tnh: ging t gi sc ( thi gian tnh li l thi gian chuyn hi
phiu)
e. T gi hi phiu tr chm
-T gi HP tr chm = T gi T/T s tin li pht sinh t lc k pht HP n
lc HP c tr tin
- Thi gian tnh li = thi gian chuyn HP + thi gian tr chm HP
NHNK
NK
NHXK
XK
4. i tin
1.Bn HP (at sight)
ngoi t 2 tr ni t
3. i tin
Contract
5. Tr tin
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 12
III. CC LOI T GI HI OI
(3.2. Cn c vo tnh cht kinh doanh ca ngn hng)
- T gi mua vo Bid rate.
- T gi bn ra Ask rate.
- T gi giao ngay Spot rate.
- T gi k hn Forward rate.
- T gi m ca Opening rate.
- T gi ng ca Closing rate.
- T gi tin mt
- T gi chuyn khon
5
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 13
III. CC LOI T GI HI OI
(3.3. Cn c vo c ch qun l ngoi hi)
a. Fixed rate/floating rate
- Fixed rate: c nh trong 1 khong thi giann nh v
mt danh ngha
- Floating rate: t gi ph thuc vo sc mua ca tin t
nh gi ng gi tr thc t ca ng tin
b. Official rate/market rate
c. Prime rate/commercial banks rate
d. Common rate/preference rate
e. Single rate/multimodal exchange rate
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 14
IV. PHNG PHP YT T GI
( Exchange rate quotation)
1. Mt s khi nimlin quan n vic yt gi cc ng tin
1.1. ng tin yt gi, ng tin nh gi
USD/VND = 16.1025
GBP/USD = 1,85
- Theo tp qun kinh doanh ca Ngn hng, ng tin ng
trc l ng tin yt gi (reference/commodity currency),
n v ng tin yt gi l 1
- ng tin ng sau: ng tin nh gi (price/term currency)
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 15
1.2. T gi mua v t gi bn ca cc Ngn hng
USD/VND = 16.100/16.200
EUR/VND = 21.250/ 21.450
- T gi ng trc l t gi mua ca cc ngn hng
(BID RATE), l t gi m ngn hng mua v ng
tin yt gi v bn ra ng tin nh gi
- T gi ng sau l t gi bn ca cc ngn hng
(ASK RATE/OFFER RATE), ngn hng bn ng
tin yt gi mua v ng tin nh gi
6
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 16
2. Phng php yt gi
- Phng php yt gi trc tip:
1v ngoi t = x n v ni t
VD: Ti Singapore:
USD/SGP = 7.8965/ 7.8975
- Phng php yt gi gin tip
1 v ni t = x n v ngoi t
VD: Ti Lodon: GBP/CAD = 2.2398/92
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 17
3. Cch c t gi
Ti New York:
USD/CAD = 1,4055/1,4045
T gi gia ng USD v CAD bin ng t 1,40 s
55 im n 45 im
Ti Lodon: GBP/EUR = 1,4175/70
* c t gi theo quy tc 2 ch s:
100 pips = 1 point
100point = 1 figure
100 figure = 1 unit
Thng thng hay c ti hng im
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 18
V. XC NH T GI THEO PHNG PHP TNH
CHO
1. Xc nh t gi ca hai tin t ng v tr nh gi ca hai
cp t gi khc nhau
2. Xc nh t gi ca hai tin t ng v tr yt gi ca hai
cp t gi khc nhau.
3. Xc nh t gi ca hai tin t ng hai v tr khc nhau
(yt gi; nh gi) ca hai cp t gi khc nhau
7
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 19
1. Xc nh t gi ca hai tin t ng v tr
nh gi(ng v tr mu s) ca hai cp t gi
khc nhau
VD: USD/VND = 16100/16200
USD/HKD = 7.7860/90
HKD/VND?
* CNG THC CHUNG:
HKD/VND = USD/VND : USD/HKD
BID (c) HKD/VND =
BID (b) USD/HKD
ASK (b) USD/VND
ASK (c) HKD/VND =
ASK (b) USD/HKD
BID(b) USD/VND
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 20
2. Xc nh t gi ca hai tin t ng v tr yt
gi(ng v tr t s) ca hai cp t gi khc
nhau
Bit GBP/VND v USD/VND ---> USD/GBP = ?
2.1. Cng thc chung:
USD/GBP = TGT t s/ TGT mu s
= USD/VND : GBP/VND
ASK(c) USD/GBP = BID (b) USD/VND : ASK(b) GBP/VND
BID(c) USD/GBP = ASK(b) USD/VND : BID (b) GBP/VND
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 21
3. Xc nh TGH ca 2 ng tin 2 v tr yt gi khc
nhau
Cho cp TGH: GBP/USD, USD/VND GBP/VND = ?
3.1. Cng thc chung:
GBP/VND = GBP/USD x USD/VND
3.2. ASK(c) GBP/VND
= BID(b) GBP/USD x BID (b) USD/VND
3.3. BID(c) GBP/VND
= ASK(b) GBP/USD x ASK(b) USD/VND
8
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 22
1. Mc chnh lch lm pht
Lm pht ti VN: Iv
Lm pht M: Iu
Ti HN:
Trc lm pht: USD = x VND
Sau lm pht: USD + Iu. USD = x VND + Iv. x VND
USD (1+Iu) = x VND (1+Iv)
USD/VND = x(1+Iv)/(1+Iu)
V. CC NHN T NH HNG TI S
BIN NG CA TGH
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 23
2. Tnh hnh cung v cu ngoi hi trn th
trng
2.1. Tnh hnh d tha hay thiu ht ca CCTTQT
RECEIPT > EXPENDITURE SURPLUSS
TNG CUNG NGOI HI (T GI HI OI N NH
/GIM XUNG
RECEIPT < EXPENDITURE DEFICIT
TNG CU NGOI HI (T GI HI OI MT N NH
/ TNG LN
2.2. Thu nhp thc t ca ngi dn tng
2.3. Nhng nhu cu v ngoi hi tng
3. Mc chnh lch li sut
4. Mt s yu t khc: chnh sch thu, quota, tm l
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 24
VI. CC BIN PHP IU CHNH TGH
1. Chnh sch chit khu ca NHTW
(Discount policy)
h thng ngn hng 2 cp l c s thc hin chnh sch
chit khu
NHTW
NHTM NHT HTXTD QTPT
DN DN DN DN DN DN
DN
DN
CSCK cao : CSCK Thp :
Chng lm pht - Chng gimpht
Cung tng , Cu gim - Cung gim, Cu tng
Thu hp SX - Kch thch SX
Hiu ng ngn hn - Hiu ng di hn
9
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 25
l chnh sch m NHTW hoc cc c quan ngoi hi
ca Nh nc trc tip tham gia mua bn ngoi hi
trn th trng t do nhm tc ng trc tip vo
TGH.
* iu kin:
- Thnh lp qu ngoi hi (qu ngoi t v vng)
- Cn c s iu tit ca nh nc
2. CHNH SCH HI OI (Chnh sch th trng m hay Chnh
sch Nh nc hot ng cng khai trn th trng)
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 26
3- Ph gi tin t ( devaluation )
a. Khi nim : l nh tt sc mua ca tin t ca nc ny so vi
tin t nc khc, thp hn sc mua thc t ca n
Devaluation l mt phm tr tin t ca ch t gi c nh
depreciation l phm tr tin t ca ch t gi th ni
b. Tc dng :
* XK ( hh ) NK (HH) favourable trade balance
* NK vn XK vn favourable capital balance
* Khuyn khch du lch vo trong nc b ph gi
* Tc ot mt phn gi tr thc t ca ngi c tin
c. Hiu qa ca ph gi ph thuc :
- D tr hng ho cho XK
- Mi trng u t thun li
- B mt
Chng 1: T gi hi oi & Th trng ngoi hi 27
4. Nng gi tin t (Revaluation)
a. Khi nim :
l nng cao sc mua ca tin ni t so vi ngoi t, cao hn
sc mua thc t ca n
Revaluation l phm tr tin t ca c ch t gi c nh
Appreciation l phm tr tin t ca c ch t gi th ni
VD: 1970: USD/JPY = 360
2004: USD/JPY = 114
b. Tc dng : Ngc vi ph gi tin t
@ XK hng ho NK hng ho
@ NK vn XK vn
@ Khuyn khch du lch ra nc ngoi
10
PHN II
CC PHNG TIN
THANH TON QUC T
CCH THC TR TIN TRONG HOT NG
MUA BN NGOI THNG
Exporter
Importer
at sight Draft
time draft
MT
Promisory note
Check
T/T
NI DUNG PHN II
HI PHIU THNG MI
- nh ngha
- c im
- To lp v kim tra hi phiu
- Cc nghip v lin quan
- Cc loi hi phiu
K PHIU THNG MI
SC:
- nh ngha
- c im
- Ni dung ca sc
- Nguyn tc pht hnh sc
- Lu thng thanh ton sc
- Cc loi sc
11
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 31
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
I. Cc ngun lut iu chnh lu thng hi phiu
1. Lut Hi phiu ca Anh 1882
2. Lut thng mi thng nht ca M 1962 (UCC
Uniform commercial code)
3. Cng c Geneva 1930 ULB 1930 (Uniform law for Bill
of Exchange)
4. Lut cng c chuyn nhng Vit Nam, 2005
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 32
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
II. NH NGHA
- Lut BEA 1882, Anh:
Hi phiu l mt mnh lnh v iu kin ca ngi k
pht (Drawer) cho mt ngi khc (Drawee), yu cu ngi ny
khi nhn thy phiu hoc n mt ngy c th nht nh hoc
n mt ngy c th xc nh trong tng lai phi tr mt s
tin nht nh cho mt ngi no hoc theo lnh ca ngi
ny tr cho mt ngi khc hoc tr cho ngi cm phiu
- Lut CCCN VN, 2005:
Hi phiu i n l giy t c gi do Ngi k pht lp,
yu cu Ngi b k pht thanh ton khng iu kin mt s
tin xc nh khi c yu cu hoc vo mt thi im nht nh
trong tng lai cho ngi th hng.
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 33
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
III. CC BN LIN QUAN TRONG HI PHIU
- Ngi k pht hi phiu (Drawer)*
- Ngi b k pht (Drawee)
- Ngi hng li (Benificiary)
- Ngi k hu HP (endorser)
- Ngi c chuyn nhng
- Ngi bo lnh
- Ngi chp nhn tr tin
12
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 34
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
IV. C IM CA HI PHIU
- Hi phiu c hnh thnh t cc giao dch c s
- Hnh thc ca HP d dng nhn dng trc tip
- Hi phiu l tri v mt bn
- Tnh tru tng ca hi phiu: trong ni dung ca HP khng
cn ghi r l do ca vic i tin
- Tnh lu thng ca hi phiu:
+ Nu lu thng nhm mc ch i tin lu thng hi
phiu ng vai tr nh l phng tin thanh ton thay cho tin
mt
+ Nu lu thng nhm mc ch chuyn nhng quyn
hng li hi phiu lu thng hi phiu ng vai tr nh l
chuyn nhng ti sn.
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 35
TO LP HI PHIU V KIM TRA HI PHIU
* V hnh thc:
- HP l mt chng th, 1 vn bn phi c hnh thc
r rng
- Ngn ng ca HP l ngn ng vit
- Hnh mu HP: mu t chn
- HP c th lp thnh mt hay nhiu bn (thng thng
>= 2 bn)
* V ni dung:
36
TO LP HI PHIU V KIM TRA
HI PHIU TDCT
No 134/ex O Ohanoi 22 SEPTEMber 2007 O
For usd 100,000.00 O bill of exchange O
AtOafter sight of this first of bill of exchange
O (second of the Same tenor and date unpaid ) pay
to O Bank for foreign trade of viet nam Or order
the sum of one hundred thousand us dollars .O
value received and charge the same to account of
famousbid co ltd hongkong Oa
drawn under the delta bank ltd Ob
l/c n0 071a282 lc06 dated 9 september 2007. Oc
To: the delta bank ltd tocontap company
hongkong 10a hanoi 10b
13
37
TO LP HI PHIU HI PHIU
NH THU
No 134/ex O Ohanoi 22 SEPTEMber 2007 O
For usd 100,000.00 O bill of exchange O
AtOafter sight of this first of bill of exchange
O (second of the Same tenor and date unpaid ) pay
to O Bank for foreign trade of viet nam Or order
the sum of one hundred thousand us dollars .O
To: famousbid co ltd tocontap company
hongkong 10a hanoi 10b
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 38
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
VI. NHNG NGHIP V LIN QUAN N HI PHIU
6.1. Nghip v chp nhn tr tin Hi phiu
a. Khi nim:
b. Hnh thc ca chp nhn
c. Nguyn tc k chp nhn
6.2. Nghip v k hu Hi phiu
a. Khi nim:
b. Hnh thc
c. Nguyn tc
e. Cc loi k hu
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 39
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
VI. NHNG NGHIP V LIN QUAN N HI PHIU
6.2. Nghip v k hu Hi phiu
e. Cc loi k hu
1 blank endorsement:
1.1- Mr a ( signed )
1.2- pay to the order of any bank , Mr a ( signed )
2 restrictive endorsement ( nominated ):
pay to Bank B , Mr A ( signed )
3 Endorsement to order :
pay to the order of Bank A , Mr A ( signed )
pay to the order of bank B , Bank A ( signed )
4 endorsement without recourse .
pay to the order of bank A , WR , Mr A ( signed )
pay to the order of ban b , wr , bank a (signed )
pay to the order of bank C , wr , bank b ( signed )
14
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 40
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
VI. NHNG NGHIP V LIN QUAN N HI PHIU
6.3. Nghip v bo lnh Hi phiu
a. Khi nim:
L s cam kt ca ngi th ba, thay ngi b k pht, s tr
tin cho ngi hng li khi hi phiu n hn tr tin.
b. Hnh thc bo lnh:
- Bo lnh trc tip trn HP: ngi bo lnh ghi cc t:
guaranteed, aval v k tn
- Bo lnh bng vn th ring bit: do ngi bo lnh pht hnh
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 41
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
VI. NHNG NGHIP V LIN QUAN N HI PHIU
6.3. Nghip v bo lnh Hi phiu
c. Nguyn tc bo lnh
- Bo lnh l v iu kin
- Ngi c bo lnh l ngi b k pht hoc ngi chp nhn
hi phiu
- C th bo lnh tng phn gi tr hi phiu
- Bo lnh phi ghi tn Ngi c bo lnh
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 42
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
VII. CC LOI HI PHIU
7.1. Cn c vo thi hn tr tin hi phiu c 2 loi:
- Hi phiu tr tin ngay
- Hi phiu c k hn
7.2. Cn c vo hi phiu c kmchng t hay khng:
- Hi phiu trn (Clean Bill of Exchange): L loi hi phiu m
vic tr tin khng km theo chng t hng ho.
- Hi phiu km chng t (Documentary Bill of Exchange): L
loi hi phiu c km theo chng t hng ho. Ngi tr tin
phi tr tin hi phiu hoc chp nhn gi tin vo hi phiu ri
mi c nhn chng t hng ho.
15
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 43
HI PHIU THNG MI
(BIIL OF EXCHANGE)
VII. CC LOI HI PHIU
7.3. Cn c vo tnh cht chuyn nhng ca hi phiu:
Hi phiu v danh (nameless draft)
Hi phiu nh danh (name draft)
Hi phiu theo lnh (to order draft).
7.4. Cn c vo phng thc tr tin p dng trong ngoi
thng:
Hi phiu nh thu (for collection).
Hi phiu tn dng chng t (for L/C)
7.5. Cn c vo ngi k pht l ai:
Hi phiu thng mi
Hi phiu ngn hng
PHN III
CC IU KIN
THANH TON QUC T
NI DUNG PHN III
IU KIN V TIN T
A IM THANH TON
THI GIAN THANH TON
PHNG THC THANH TON
16
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 46
I. IU KIN V TIN T
1- PHN LOI TIN T
1.1- CN C VO PHM VI S DUNG TIN T
- WORLD CURRENCY
- INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY : USD,
- TRANSFERABLE ROUBLE SDR , EURO
- NATIONAL MONEY
1.2- CN C VO KH NNG CHUYN I
- FREE CONVERTIBLE CURRENCY
- TRANSFERABLE CURRENCY
- CLEARING CURRENCY .
1.3 CN C VO MC CH S DNG
- ACCOUNT CURRENCY
- PAYMENT CURRENCY
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 47
IU KIN V TIN T
IU KIN M BO HI OI
IU KIN M BO VNG
IU KIN M BO NGOI HI
IU KIN M BO THEO R TIN T
IU KIN M BO CN C VO TIN T QUC T
IU KIN M BO CN C VO S BIN NG GI
C
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 48
II. IU KIN V THI GIAN THANH TON
1. THANH TON TR TRC (ADVANCE PAYMENT)
2. THANH TON TR TIN NGAY (AT SIGHT PAYMENT)
3. THANH TON TR TIN SAU (DEFERRED PAYMENT)
4. THANH TON HN HP (MIX/COMBINED PAYMENT)
COD COB D/P x days D/P COR
17
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 49
II. IU KIN V THI GIAN THANH TON
1. THANH TON TR TRC (ADVANCE PAYMENT)
Khi nim:
Hnh thc thanh ton trc:
- Ngi nhp khu tr tin trc cho ngi xut khu vi mc
ch cp tn dng cho ngi xut khu @
- Ngi nhp khu tr tin trc cho ngi xut khu vi
ngha l tin t cc m bo thc hin hp ng xut khu
(Performance Bond) @
Cc cng thc
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 50
Xc nh s tin ng trc theo thanh ton PB
(Performance Bond)
Nu k H vi gi cao hn gi th trng:
PA = Q . (HP MP)
PA: Tin ng trc;
HP: Gi k kt trong hp ng mc cao
Q: S lng hng ho;
MP: Gi bnh qun trn th trng.
T/h ngi XK khng tin vo kh nng thanh ton ca ngi NK
PA = TA . {(1 + R)
N
- 1} + Pe
PA: Tin ng trc;
TA: Tng tr gi hp ng TA . {(1 + R)
N
- 1}: Tin li vay Ngn hng;
R: Li sut vay Ngn hng nc ngi xut khuN: Thi hn vay ca ngi
xut khu
Pe: t l Tin pht vi phm hp ng
51
Mc t cc ( Performance Bond )
PA = Performance Amount = ?
TA = Total Amount = 10.000.000,00 USD
R = Interest Rate = 5%/ month . N = Maturity = 5
months
Pe = Penalty 6% TA
[ ] Pe R TA PA
N
+ + = 1 ) 1 (
[ ] 00 , 000 . 000 . 10 % 6 1 ) 05 , 0 1 ( 00 , 000 . 000 . 10
5
+ + = PA
PA = 2.760.000,00 + 600.000,00 = 3.360.000 USD
hoc l = 33,6%
18
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 52
IU KIN V THI GIAN THANH TON
2. THANH TON TR TIN NGAY (AT SIGHT
PAYMENT)
COD COB D/P x days D/P COR
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 53
IU KIN V THI GIAN THANH TON
3. THANH TON TR TIN SAU (DEFERRED PAYMENT)
Tr tin sau x ngy k t ngy nhn c thng bo ca ngi
xut khu hon thnh giao hng khng trn phng tin vn
ti ti ni giao hng quy nh.
Tr tin sau x ngy k t ngy ngi xut khu hon thnh
giao hng trn phng tin vn ti ti ni giao hng quy nh.
Tr tin sau x ngy k t ngy nhn c chng t - D/A
(D/A -Document against Acceptance)
Tr tin sau x ngy k t ngy nhn xong hng ho
COD x days COB x days D/A COR x days
22/9/2007- HVTC Chuyn Thanh ton quc t 54
IU KIN V THI GIAN THANH TON
4. THANH TON HN HP (MIX/COMBINED PAYMENT)
3% tng tr gi hp ng tr cho ngi bn trong thi hn 30 ngy
sau ngy k hp ng; (y l hnh thc tr trc)
7% tng gi tr hp ng tr cho ngi bn trong vng 30 ngy
trc ngy quy nh t giao hng th nht (y l hnh thc tr
trc)
5% tng tr gi hp ng tr cho ngi bn ngay sau khi giao t
hng cui cng (y l hnh thc tr ngay);
5% tng tr gi hp ng tr cho ngi bn trong vng 30 ngy khi
lp xong my, khng c chm qu 12 thng k t sau khi giao
xong t hng cui cng (y l hnh thc tr sau);
80% tng tr gi hp ng cn li tr trong thi hn 5 nm, mi
nm mt phn bng nhau (y l hnh thc tr sau)
Ghi ch: Ty theo tnh cht ca HMB, tnh cht ca hng ha quy nh thi
gian thanh ton
19
III. PHNG THC TTQT
Phng thc thanh ton:
l cch thc tin hnh vic i v tr tin gia ngi
bn v ngi mua c quy nh trong hp ng mua
bn ngoi thng.
Thanh ton nh th no? (How to pay)
Cng c chnh cn s dng trong trnh t nghip
v l cng c g? (By what to pay)
MC CH LA CHN
PHNG THC THANH TON
* i vi ngi bn:
- m bo thu tin v an ton, chnh xc, y , kp thi
- Gi tr H thu v khng b mt gi trong trng hp tin
t bin ng
- M rng quan h bun bn
- Trong nhng iu kin thng mi ging nhau, thu tin
cng nhanh, cng tt
* i vi ngi mua:
- m bo nhn hng ng s lng, cht lng, thi hn.
- M rng quan h bun bn
- Trong nhng iu kin thng mi ging nhau, tr tin
cng chm cng tt
NHM
PHNG THC
THANH TON
NHM PTTT
KHNG KM CHNG T
- Chuyn tin (Remittance)
- Ghi s (Open account)
- Bo lnh (letter of guarantee- L/G)
- Nh thu trn (clean collection)
- Stand-by L/C
NHM PTTT
KM CHNG T
- Nh thu km chng t
(Documentary collection)
- Tn dng chng t
(Documentary credits)
- Th y thc mua
(authority to purchase-A/P)
C IM
- Vic thanh ton ch da vo thc t giao hng
- Quyn li ca Ngi mua c m bo hn
- Ngn hng ch ng vai tr trung gian
-Cha s dng ht cc chc nng ca NH
C IM
- Vic thanh ton da vo chng t
gn TTQT vi giao nhn vn ti QT
-Quyn li ca Ngi bn c m
bo hn
-Vai tr ca NH c pht huy trit
-S dng cc chc nng ca NH
20
PHNG THC CHUYN TIN
(REMITTANCE)
a.Khi nim:
L mt phng thc thanh ton m ngi mua, con n hay
l ngi mun chuyn tin yu cu ngn hng i din cho
mnh chuyn mt s tin nht nh cho mt ngi no
n mt ni no bng phng tin m mnh ra.
b. Cc bn tham gia:
Ngi yu cu chuyn tin
Ngi hng li
Ngn hng chuyn tin
Ngn hng tr tin
c. Quy trnh chuyn tin
1. Giao hng v chng t
2. Yu cu chuyn tin
3. Ngn hng chuyn tin Ghi n TK ngoi t ca ngi yu cu chuyn tin
4. Ngn hng chuyn tin pht lnh thanh ton cho NH tr tin (P/O bng T/T hoc
M/T)
5. Bo n TK ngn hng chuyn tin
6. Ngn hng tr tin bo c cho ngi hng li
NHXK NHNK
XK NK
4
2 6
1
Contract
3
5
Remittance
d. Nhn xt v phng thc chuyn tin:
- Lut p dng: Php lnh ngoi hi VN 2006
- Quyn li thuc v ngi NK
- Vai tr ca Ngn hng thp
- Trng hp p dng: ngi XK, NK tin cy nhau
- Hn ch:
+ Vic tr tin ph thuc vo thin ch ca ngi NK
+ Ngi NK thng tr tin chm
21
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61 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
PHNG THC THANH TON NH THU
(COLLECTION)
3.1. Gii thiu v URC (Uniform Rules for Collection - Nguyn
tc thng nht v nh thu) - Vn bn quc t iu chnh
phng thc thanh ton nh thu
Ban hnh u tin nm 1956: Nguyn tc nh thu chng t
thng mi
3 ln sa i nm 1967; 1978 v 1995
Uniform Rules for the Collection URC 522, ICC, 1995 Quy
tc thng nht v nh thu URC 522, ICC, 1995 do Phng
thng mi quc t son tho nm 1995.
Theo URC: Nh thu c ngha l cc ngn hng s tip nhn
cc chng t thu h tin cho cc khch hng cn c vo
cc iu kin nh thu m khch hng t ra
Mun nh ngn hng thu h tin th doanh nghip phi c
chng t
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62 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
PHNG THC THANH TON NH THU
(COLLECTION)
3.2. Khi nim
L mt phng thc m theo cc ngn hng nhn c
s y thc ca khch hng tin hnh thu tin t ngi c
ngha v tr tin hoc yu cu ngi c ngha v tr tin
chp nhn thanh ton theo cc ni dung v iu kin quy
nh trong ch th nh thu
3.3. c im ca nh thu:
- Cn c nh thu l chng t (documents), khng phi l hp
ng
- Vai tr ca ngn hng ch l ngi trung gian
- Nh thu trong thng mi ch xy ra sau khi ngi bn
hon thnh ngha v giao hng (lp chng t).
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63 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
PHNG THC THANH TON NH THU
(COLLECTION)
3.4. Cc chng t nh thu:
- Chng t ti chnh: bao gm cc chng t nh
Hi phiu, sc, K phiu, hoc cc chng t tng
t khc m mc ch l thu tin
- Chng t thng mi: cc chng t nh ho n,
chng t vn ti, cc chng t ni v quyn s hu
i vi hng ho hoc bt k chng t no khc
khng phi l chng t ti chnh th c gi l
chng t thng mi
22
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64 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
PHNG THC THANH TON NH THU
(COLLECTION)
3.5 Cc bn tham gia trong phng thc nh thu:
- Principle - Ngi nh thu: ngi xut khu
- Drawee - Ngi c ngha v tr tin: ngi nhp khu
- Remitting Bank Ngn hng chuyn: l Ngn hng i
din cho ngi nh thu, ngn hng ny c ngha v tip
nhn chng t t ngi u thc nh thu theo nhng iu
kin m ngi nh thu t ra thu h tin cho h, khi
nhn chng t nh th no th s chuyn i nh vy
- Collecting Bank Ngn hng thu h: l ngn hng i
din cho ngi tr tin, thng thng nc ngi tr
tin l ngn hng thu h, ngn hng ny c th do ngn
hng chuyn ch nh (nu ngi xut khu khng nu r)
hoc c th do ngi xut khu ngh trong th yu cu
nh thu ca mnh
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65 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
PHNG THC THANH TON NH THU
(COLLECTION)
3.6. Cc loi nh thu:
(a) Nh thu trn Clean Collection:
- nh ngha:
Phng thc nh thu trn l mt phng thc
thanh ton m trong ngi c cc ti khon tin
phi thu t cc cng c thanh ton nhng khng th
t mnh thu c cho nn phi u thc cho Ngn
hng thu h tin ghi trn cng c thanh ton
khng km vi iu kin chuyn giao chng t.
- Quy trnh thanh ton
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66 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
Clean collection
NHXK
Remitting bank
NHNK
Collecting bank
XK
Principal
NK
Drawee
3
5
2
1
1. Giao hng v chng t
2. Lp Hi phiu v vit ch th nh
thu.
3. Lp th y thc nh thu, hi
phiu
4. Xut trnh hi phiu i tin
(at sight/time Draft)
5
5
4
5. Ngi NK tin hnh tr tin (T/T, M/T) hoc chp nhn tr tin
23
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67 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
PHNG THC THANH TON NH THU
(COLLECTION)
- Nhn xt:
+ vic nhn hng khng lin quan ti vic thanh ton.
+ Quyn li ca ngi xut khu khng c m bo.
Ngi nhp khu c th nhn hng m khng tr tin
+ Cha s dng ht chc nng ca ngn hng. Vai tr ca
ngn hng ch n thun, khng chu trnh nhim n c,
gim st, kim tra
- Trng hp p dng:
+ thanh ton cc dch v ph m ngi bn cp cho ngi
mua
+ Hai bn mua- bn hon ton tin cy ln nhau
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68 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
PHNG THC THANH TON NH THU
(COLLECTION)
3.6. Cc loi nh thu:
(b) Nh km chng t Documentary Collection:
- L loi nh thu da vo chng t ti chnh cng vi
chng t thng mi hoc ch da vo chng t
thng mi (trong trng hp ny ha n thng
mi thay cho hi phiu).
- Cc iu kin trao chng t:
D/P: Documents Against Payment
D/A: Documents Against Acceptance
D/TC: Documents Against other Terms & Conditions
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69 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
Documentary collection
NHXK
Remitting bank
NHNK
Collecting bank
XK
Principal
NK
Drawee
3
5
2
1
1. Giao hng
2. Lp chng t thanh ton hoc
chng t thng mi v vit ch th
nh thu.
3. Lp th y thc nh thu, hi
phiu v chng t giao hng
4. Xut trnh hi phiu v chng t
giao hng i tin (D/P; D/A;
D/TC)
5
5
4
5. Ngi NK tin hnh kim tra chng t nu thy chng t ph hp th tr tin
(T/T, M/T) hoc chp nhn tr tin v thu vn ti n v.
24
Slide 4-70
PHNG THC THANH TON
TN DNG CHNG T
(DOCUMENTARY CREDIT)
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71 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
1. KHI NIM
Phng thc tn dng chng t l mt s tha thun theo
mt ngn hng (ngn hng m th tn dng) theo yu
cu ca mt khch hng (ngi yu cu m th tn dng)
hoc nhn danh chnh mnh cam kt s tr mt s tin
nht nh cho mt ngi th ba (ngi hng li) hoc
phi chp nhn hi phiu do ngi hng li k pht v tr
tin khi o hn vi iu kin l cc chng t do ngi
hng li lp v xut trnh phi ph hp vi cc quy nh
trong L/C.
S :
NHPH
XK
NK
n yu cu
pht hnh L/C
Letter of
credit
Lut Vit nam Tp qun quc t
-Lut dn s 2005
-Php lnh ngoi hi 2005
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72 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
2. NGUN LUT IU CHNH
A. LUT QUC T
CHA C
B. TP QUN QUC T
* UCP 600 , 2007 (Uniform custom and
practice for the ducumentary credit 600)
* ISBP 681 , 2007- International standard
banking practice
* eUCP 1.1 , 2007 - Suplement to
UCP600 for presentation of electronic documents
* URR 525, ICC - Uniform rules for bank
to bank reimbursement under documentary credit
25
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73 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
3. CC BN LIN QUAN
- Ngi yu cu m L/C (applicant)
- Ngn hng pht hnh th tn dng
(Issuing Bank)
- Ngi hng li th tn dng (Beneficiary)
- Ngn hng thng bo th tn dng
(Advising bank)
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74 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
QUY TRNH THANH TON DOCUMENTARY CREDITS
NHTB
Advising Bank
NHPH
Issuing Bank
Chi nhnh
NHPH
XK
Beneficiary
NK
Applicant
Contract

C
C
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
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75 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
CC QUY TRNH
(1) Gi n yu cu pht hnh th tn dng v tin hnh k
qu.
(2) Pht hnh L/C qua Ngn hng i l cho Ngi xut khu
hng li.
(3) Ngn hng thng bo tin hnh thng bo L/C v chuyn
bn gc L/C cho Ngi hng li
(4) Giao hng.
(5) Xut trnh chng t i tin Ngn hng pht hnh L/C.
(6) Ngn hng pht hnh thng bo kt qu kim tra chng
t cho Ngi yu cu
(7) Ngi yu cu chp nhn hay t chi thanh ton.
(8) Ngn hng pht hnh thng bo chp nhn hay t chi
nhn chng t.
26
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76 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
L/C THNG MI
1.Khi nim:
2. Tnh cht ca L/C: iu 4, UCP 600
3. Hnh thc pht hnh L/C:
- Pht hnh L/C bng th
- Pht hnh L/C bng in: TELEX hoc in
SWIFT MT700.
* NI DUNG L/C PHT HNH SWIFT MT700
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77 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
PHT HNH L/C SWIFT MT 700
III. Nhng ni dung ch yu ca L/C (SWIFT: MT
700).
39B: Maximum Credit Amount: Not Exceeding
41D: Available with any bank by negotiation Hnh
thc thanh ton ca L/C
42C: Draft at sight for 100% of invoice value
42D: Drawee Name & Address
43P: Partial Shipments: Not Allowed
43T: Transhipment: Not Allowed
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78 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
PHT HNH L/C SWIFT MT 700
III. Nhng ni dung ch yu ca L/C (SWIFT: MT
700).
27: Sequence of total - S lng bn gc pht hnh 40A: Form
of credit - loi th tn dng: Irrevocable
20: L/C No - S L/C. Do cc ngn hng t thit k theo di
31C: Date of issue Ngy pht hnh L/C
31D. Date and Place of Expiry
51D: Applicant Bank Name and address Ngn hng chi
nhnh ni ngi nhp khu lp h s th tc xin m L/C
ti a bn ca mnh
50. Applicant: Name and address Tn v a ch ca ngi
nhp khu.
59. Beneficiary. Tn v a ch ca Ngi hng li L/C (ngi
xut khu)
32B: Current Code, Amount - Loi tin v s tin ca L/C
27
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79 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
III. Nhng ni dung ch yu ca L/C (SWIFT: MT
700).
44A: On Board / Disp / Taking charge at Ni nhn
hng gi; ni bc hng ln tu (cng i hoc a
im i)
44B: For transportation to Hng c giao ti (cng
n).
44C: Latest date of Shipment - Ngy giao hng chm
nht.
45A: Description of Goods & / or Services
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80 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU
III. Nhng ni dung ch yu ca L/C (SWIFT: MT 700).
46A: Document required
47A: Additional Conditions - Cc iu kin khc. VD: Tt c cc
chng t u phi c vit v pht hnh bng ting Anh
71B: Charges -Cc chi ph c lin quan tnh vo ti khon ca
ai.
48: Period for Presentation - Thi hn xut trnh chng t. VD:
UCP 600: Ngi bn phi xut trnh chng t sau 21 ngy k
t ngy giao hng.
78: Instruction to pay/accept/Negotiation Bank - Ch dn thanh
ton ca ngn hng pht hnh ti cc ngn hng tr tin /
ngn hng chp nhn / ngn hng chit khu
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81 May-2008 Faculty Finance and Banking - FTU