DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB BY DDM

Fig 1: Flat Slab Design.

Problem:

A flat slab floor with a total area of 12500 sq. ft. is divided into 25 panels with a
panel size of 25 x 20.

fc = 4000 psi
fy = 60000 psi
Service Live Load = 120 psf
Slab Thickness = 7.5
Storey Height = 10

Solution:

1. Calculation of Factored Load

Slab Thickness = 7.5
Neglecting the weight of the drop panel, the service dead load is,
DL = (7.5/12) x 150 = 94 psf
LL = 120 psf
Total factored load, W = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
= (1.4 x 94) + (1.7 x 120)
= 336 psf
= 0.336 ksf

2. Total Factored Static Moment in Equivalent Rigid Frame

Total factored moment for flat slab,

Where, c = diameter of the column capita.

a. In long direction:

c/c distance in short direction, l2 = 20
c/c distance in short direction, l1 = 25

b. In short direction:

c/c distance in short direction, l1= 20
c/c distance in short direction, l2= 25

c. Check:


Fig 2: Equivalent Square Column.

Equivalent square = (19.63) = 4.43 = 53

Therefore,
Mo.long = 395 k.ft and Mo.short = 292 k.ft

3. Relative Stiffness,

Since there is no edge beam,
= 0 for all.

4. Check for Slab Thickness

ACI Table 9.5(c)

fy
(ksi)
Without Drop Panels With Drop Panels
Exterior Panels Interior
Panels
Exterior Panels Interior
Panels = 0 0.8 = 0 0.8
40 ln/33 ln/36 ln/36 ln/36 ln/40 ln/40
60 ln/30 ln/33 ln/33 ln/33 ln/36 ln/36
75 ln/28 ln/31 ln/31 ln/31 ln/34 ln/34

a. For interior panel:

For = 0 and fy = 60 ksi and clear span, ln = (25-4.43) = 20.57

tmin = ln/36 = (20.57*12)/36 = 6.86 < 7.5

b. For exterior panel:

For = 0 and fy = 60 ksi and clear span, ln = (25-4.43) = 20.57

tmin = ln/33 = (20.57*12)/33 = 7.48 < 7.5

So, given thickness of slab =7.5 (OK)

c. Thickness of drop panel:

Thickness of drop panel = thickness of slab + the projection of the drop
panel beyond the column capital
= 7.5 + (18) = 12





5. Check for Limitation of DDM

1. There shall be a minimum of three continuous spans in each direction.
In this problem, there are five continuous spans in each direction.

2. Panels shall be rectangular, with a ratio of longer to shorter span
center-to-center of supports within a panel not greater than 2.
Here panels are rectangular and the ratio of longer (25) to shorter (20) span
c/c of supports is (25/20)=1.25<2.0

3. Successive span lengths center-to-center of supports in each direction
shall not differ by more than one-third the longer span.
One-third of longer span is (1/3 x 25) =8.33
In both directions, span lengths are equal.

4. Offset of columns by a maximum of 10 percent of the span (in direction
of offset) from either axis between centerlines of successive columns
shall be permitted.
In longitudinal direction, 10% of the longer span is (25x12) x 10% = 30 and
column width in this direction is 18, which is less than 30.

In transverse direction, 10% of the shorter span is (20x12) x 10% = 24 and
column width in this direction is 18, which is less than 24.

5. All loads shall be due to gravity only and uniformly distributed over an
entire panel. Live load shall not exceed two times dead load.
Service LL = 120 psf and service DL = 94 psf
LL/DL = (120/94) = 1.277<2.0

6. The relative stiffness ratio of (l1
2
/1) to (l2
2
/2) must lie between 0.2
and 5.0 where is the ratio of the flexural stiffness of the included
beam to that of the slab.
Since, there is no beam used, this limitation is not required for this problem.

This problem satisfies all the limitations imposed by ACI 13.6.1 for using DDM.














6. Longitudinal Distribution of Moment


Fig 3: Longitudinal Moment diagram for exterior span.


Fig 4: Longitudinal moment diagram for interior span.








Fig 5: Equivalent rigid frames.





Total factored static moment for equivalent rigid frame A, B, C and D are,

Mo.A (frame A) = 395 kip.ft Mo.B (frame B) = Mo.A = x 395 = 198 kip.ft

Mo.C (frame C) = 292 kip.ft Mo.D (frame D) = Mo.C = x 292 = 146 kip.ft















From fig 3 (case 3) and fig 4,


















































Fig 6: Longitudinal moment distribution.
7. Torsional Constant

Torsional constant, (

) (

)
Here,
x = Smaller dimension
y = Larger dimension

Use larger value of C.


Fig 7: Determination of Torsional Constant.

Distance from the outer edge of exterior column to the inner edge of equivalent
square = 53 / 2 + x 18 = 35.5


Fig 8: Imaginary Beam.

For both long and short direction,

(

) (

8. Transverse Distribution of Longitudinal Moment

a. Aspect Ratio (l2/l1):

For frame A and B: l2/l1 = 20/25 = 0.80
For frame C and D: l2/l1 = 25/20 = 1.25

b. Calculation of t:

For frame A and B:

Torsional Constant, C = 4330 in
4

For frame C and D:

Torsional Constant, C = 4330 in
4

c. Calculation of Percentage of Moment in Column Strip:

Frame A B C D
C 4330 4330 4330 4330
Is 8438 8438 10550 10550
t=C/2Is 0.26 0.26 0.21 0.21
0 0 0 0
l2/l1 0.80 0.80 1.25 1.25
(l2/l1) 0 0 0 0







Column Strip Moment, Percent of Total Moment at Critical Section
l2/l1
0.5 1.0 2.0
Interior Negative Moment
(l2/l1) = 0
(l2/l1) 1.0

75
90

75
75

75
45
Exterior Negative Moment
(l2/l1) = 0

t = 0
t 2.5

100
75

100
75

100
75
(l2/l1) 1.0
t = 0
t 2.5

100
90

100
75

100
45
Positive Moment
(l2/l1) = 0
(l2/l1) 1.0

60
90

60
75

60
45

i. Percentage of Exterior Negative Moment

Frame A
(l2/l1) t (l2/l1)
0
0.5 0.80 1
0 100 100 100
0.26 97.4
2.5 75 75 75

Frame B
(l2/l1) t (l2/l1)
0
0.5 0.80 1
0 100 100 100
0.26 97.4
2.5 75 75 75

Frame C
(l2/l1) t (l2/l1)
0
1 1.25 2
0 100 100 100
0.21 97.9
2.5 75 75 75

Frame D
(l2/l1) t (l2/l1)
0
1 1.25 2
0 100 100 100
0.21 97.9
2.5 75 75 75

ii. Percentage of Positive Moment

Frame A
(l2/l1) 0.5 0.80 1
(l2/l1) 0 60 60 60

Frame B
(l2/l1) 0.5 0.80 1
(l2/l1) 0 60 60 60

Frame C
(l2/l1) 1 1.25 2
(l2/l1) 0 60 60 60

Frame D
(l2/l1) 1 1.25 2
(l2/l1) 0 60 60 60

iii. Percentage of Interior Negative Moment

Frame A
(l2/l1) 0.5 0.80 1
(l2/l1) 0 75 75 75

Frame B
(l2/l1) 0.5 0.80 1
(l2/l1) 0 75 75 75

Frame C
(l2/l1) 1 1.25 2
(l2/l1) 0 75 75 75

Frame D
(l2/l1) 1 1.25 2
(l2/l1) 0 75 75 75

d. Transverse Distribution of Longitudinal Moment



Fig 9: Middle strip and column strip diagram for frame A & B

For frame A &B:

0.25 l1 = 0.25(25 x 12) = 75
0.25 l2 = 0.25(20 x 12) = 60

y = 60

For frame A:
Column strip = 2 x 60 = 120
Half middle strip = 2@ [(20 x 12)-120]/2 = 2@60

For frame B:
Column strip = 60
Half middle strip = 60






Fig 10: Middle strip and column strip diagram for frame C & D

For frame C & D:

0.25 l1 = 0.25(20 x 12) = 60
0.25 l2 = 0.25(25 x 12) = 75

y = 60

For frame C:
Column strip = 2 x 60 = 120
Half middle strip = 2@ [(25 x 12)-120]/2 = 2@90

For frame D:
Column strip = 60
Half middle strip = 90














e. Summary of Calculation

Equivalent Rigid Frame A B C D
Total Transverse Width (in) 240 120 300 150
Column

Strip Width (in) 120 60 120 60
Half Middle Strip (in) 2@60 60 2@90 90
Torsional Constant C (in) 4330 4330 4330 4330
Is (in
4
) in t 8438 8438 10550 10550
t = C/2Is 0.26 0.26 0.21 0.21
0 0 0 0
(l2/l1) 0.80 0.80 1.25 1.25
(l2/l1) 0 0 0 0
External (-ve) Moment, %
to Column

Strip
97.4 97.4 97.9 97.9
Positive Moment, % to
Column

Strip
60 60 60 60
Internal (-ve) Moment, % to
Column

Strip
75 75 75 75

9. Distribution of Factored Moment in Column Strip and Middle Strip

All the moments are divided into three parts, percentage to column strip (of which
85% goes to the beam and 15% to the slab) and rest to the middle strip slab.

Equivalent Rigid Frame A
Total Width = 240 Column Strip = 120 Middle Strip = 120

Moments at
Vertical Section
(kip.ft)
Exterior Span Interior Span
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
Total Moment in
Frame A
-103 206 -277 -257 139 -257
% to Column Strip 97.4 60 75 75 60 75
Moment in Beam -86 105 -177 -164 71 -164
Moment in Column
Strip Slab
-15 19 -32 -29 13 -29
Moment in Mid
Strip Slab
-3 83 -70 -65 56 -65
Equivalent Rigid Frame B
Total Width = 120 Column Strip = 60 Middle Strip = 60

Moments at Vertical
Section (kip.ft)
Exterior Span Interior Span
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
Total Moment in
Frame B
-52 103 -139 -129 70 -129
% to Column Strip 97.4 60 75 75 60 75
Moment in Beam -43 53 -89 -83 36 -83
Moment in Column
Strip Slab
-8 10 -16 -15 7 -15
Moment in Mid Strip
Slab
-2 42 -35 -33 28 -33

Equivalent Rigid Frame C
Total Width = 300 Column Strip = 120 Middle Strip = 180

Moments at Vertical
Section (kip.ft)
Exterior Span Interior Span
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
Total Moment in
Frame C
-76 152 -205 -190 103 -190
% to Column Strip 97.9 60 75 75 60 75
Moment in Beam -64 78 -131 -122 53 -122
Moment in Column
Strip Slab
-12 14 -23 -22 10 -22
Moment in Mid Strip
Slab
-2 61 -52 -48 42 -48















Equivalent Rigid Frame D
Total Width = 150 Column Strip = 60 Middle Strip = 90

Moments at Vertical
Section (kip.ft)
Exterior Span Interior Span
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
Total Moment in
Frame D
-38 76 -103 -95 52 -95
% to Column Strip 97.9 60 75 75 60 75
Moment in Beam -32 39 -66 -61 27 -61
Moment in Column
Strip Slab
-6 7 -12 -11 5 -11
Moment in Mid Strip
Slab
-1 31 -26 -24 21 -24



























Fig: Moment Distribution.