Communication is an important element in the organization to build relationships

among its members and other parties in order to achieve the cooperation necessary
for the achievement of objectives. Accordingly, Gibson and Hodgetts (1986: 4)
argue that communication is a transfer of meaning or understanding from the
sender to the receiver, which includes the sender, the recipient, and the successful
delivery of meaning. Scott and Mitchell (1976: 56) argue that communication has
four major functions within an organization, namely: the function of control,
motivation, emotional expression, and information. Accordance with human nature
as social beings, all human beings are involved in communication. Communication
is the exchange of messages verbally and non-verbally between the sender and the
receiver of the message to change behavior. Sending and receiving messages can
come from individuals, groups or organizations, members of the organization, and
leadership (Muhammad, 2007: 4). Gibson, Ivancevich, and Donnelly (1996: 389)
stated communication is the process of delivering or receiving a message from one
person to another person, either directly or indirectly, in writing, verbal and non-
verbal language. Furthermore, Barelson (1964: 125) stated communication as
delivering information, ideas, emotions, and other skills through symbols, words,
pictures, figures, graphs, and other marks. Based on this statement it can be
concluded that humans are basically communicating with the goal to become
know, judge directs the input and output something.