GiannopoulouDa - Οι πολιτικές εξελίξεις κατά την διάρκεια των Δεκεμβριανών και η στάση του αθηναϊκού τύπου PDF

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The United States Representative, Advisory Council for Italy (Kirk) to the Secretary of State
5/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece, . 143-144.
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Memorandum by the Secretary of State to President Roosevelt, 13/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece, .
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12 1944
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31/12/1944, CAB/66/60/16, Report by the Military Censorship Authorities for week ending 16th
December, 1944.
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149-150. . Memorandum by the Assistant Chief of the Division of Near Eastern Affairs (Kohler)
22/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece, . 165-166,

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691
The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Greece (MacVeagh) 12/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece, .
147-148.
692
The Department of State Bulletin, V. 11, No 285, 10/12/1944, . 722, Present problems in Italy.
689
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War Cabinet 7/12/1944, CAB/65/48/14.

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. , , , 1991. . 39-41. Eden
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Stettinius State Department, War
Cabinet 7/12/1944, CAB/65/48/14.
695
Secretary s of State press and radio news conference on December 7, The Department of State
Bulletin, V. 11, No 285, 10/12/1944, . 713, Present problems in Greece.
696
142-143. Ernest King,
, L.S.Ts.
(/ ) ,
, Wittner, .., . 41-42, .
Gammell
(Services) (A.F.H.Q.- Allied Forces Headquarters)
, War Cabinet 21/12/1944, CAB/66/60/6.

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War Cabinet 12/12/1944, CAB/65/48/16.
719
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721
The Ambassador in Greece (MacVeagh) to the Secretary of State 11/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece,
. 146.
722
151-152.
723
Memorandum by the Secretary of State to President Roosevelt, 13/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece .
148-149.
724
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elimination of the Left, there would be no prospect of establishing a stable and democratic
government. FO minute 10/12/1944). Laskey, . , .., . 76.
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(In this way a proper measure of responsibility can be restored to the Head of the Greek State and
the most powerful cry against us -foreign intervention- effectively answered).
745
War Cabinet 12/12/1944, CAB/65/48/16.
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War Cabinet 15/12/1944, CAB/66/59/40
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750
The Ambassador in Italy (Kirk) to the Secretary of State, 15/12/1944, FRUS, V. 5 Greece, . 156158.
751
Memorandum by the Secretary of State to President Roosevelt 13/12/1944, FRUS, V. 5 Greece,
. 148-149.
749
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150-151.
753
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V. 5 Greece, . 154-155 159-160 .
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Fleischer, The National Liberation Front (EAM) 1941-1947. A reassessment, : Greece
at the crossroads. The civil war and its legacy, John Iatrides, Linda Wringley, The Pennsylvania State
University Press, Pennsylvania (University Park), 1995, . 75
781
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782
Leeper FO 14/12/1944, FO 371/43737 R 20406.
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War Cabinet 16/12/1944, CAB/65/48/18.

, .., . 253.
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Scobie , Alexander, .., . 83.
799
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. . . 129-130, 14/12/1944,
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1934-1940.
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(Joint Relief Commission),

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Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration) -
802

, ,
, . The Ambassador in Italy (Kirk) to the Secretary of State,
14/12/1944, Situation in Greece as of December 9 haw been reported to AFHQ by British
Ambassador, FRUS V. 5 Greece, . 153-154.
803
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17
823.

824.
,
825,
.
,
-
826.
821
, .., . 126.
. Salonika Athens 12/12/1944, FO 371/43737 R 23738.

.
.
823
, .., . 358, , .., . 349.
824
14/12/1944 =7/32/248 23/12/1944, =7/32/270, ,
145, .
825
15/12/1944, =7/32/251, , 145, .
826
, .., . 91, . 14/12/1944, =7/32/247,
, 145, ,

. , ,
822
217
,
- , ,
.

. ,
, 827
.

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828.
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829.

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-
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, , , .., . 217
6.000 , . 221,
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224. 30.000 , . 222,
3 10.000
7 14.000-15.000 , . 224.

15.000, , .., . 15.
827
, .., Scobie, 6 7 , . 87, 101 , 9/12/1944
-- . 107, 22/12/1944, , . 215,
25/12/1944, , , . 251.
828
, .., 16/12/1944, -, . 164-166,
21/12/1944, , . 210-211.
829
, .., 17/12/1944, - , . 174175.
218
1943
830.

831.
, ,
832.

- , :

.

833.

,
830
, .., 19/12/1944, - , . 190-192.

, 1943

,
, . , .., . , . 205-224.
831
, .., 16/12/1944, -, 164-166.
832
, 22/12/1944, , 2 .
833
19/12/44, =7/32/265, , 145, .
,
, , , 19/12/1944, =7/32/263,
, 145, , ,
,
.

.
, ,
15

.
.
, -
-
,
, , , .., . 26-31.
219

,
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Tito. .
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, 835.

Tito

.
. , ,
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836. , ,
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834
. . , .., . 153.
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835
, .., . 72-73.
,
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,
,
.

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Tito
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, .
: 44. , (.), ,
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, ., . 346-347, . , .., . 534, . 104.

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,
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839
, , .., . 179-180.
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,
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221
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,

840
.., . 180.
.., . 181.
842
16/12/1944, =7/32/256, , 145, .
843
. ( - , Kostov
) - 19/12/1944 ( 20/12/1944),
=7/32/293, , 145, . Baev Kostov
19
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, .., . 189 . 34. . , .., . 241242. , , Kostov 19 ,

, 19/12/1944 15/1/1945.
, ,

15/1/1945 , , 44
: 44. ,
(.), , , 1996, . 213-215. Baev
Kostov 12/1/1945
15/1/1945, , .., . 181-182. ( Dimitrov
Kostov . 13).
(. ).

-
.
841
222
. ,
MacLean Foreign Office
, Tito
,

( )
.
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, ,
,
. ,

, MacLean 18

.
,
,
844, 23 Tito MacLean

845.
, 846
, ,
, Pravda,

. 16
Eden
844
, , .., . 323-324.
, .., . 69-70. MacLean Foreign Office
,
, .
846
Izgrev 14 :

,
Sophia FO 15/12/1944, FO 371/43737 R 21056.
845
223

847, Churchill
Stalin

(
)848.
,
,
. -
, Mikolajczyk, 1944,

, , ,

(Polish Committee of National Liberation), ,
Stalin .
,
(
)849, 31
(Provisional Polish Government).
Roosevelt Churchill Stalin

850, Stalin, 4 1945
851.
, 3 1945,
,
, Vishinski,
847
lisabeth Barker, 1941-1947

: , (.), . ,
/ , , 1982, . 49.
848
, .., . 207.
849
, .., . 331-339
850
War Cabinet 30/12/1944, CAB/65/48/23.
851
, .., . 340.
224
Sergeyev 852,
-.
, Stalin

-
-
- Churchill,
.
,
.
1945 Stalin Roosevelt
Churchill

, :

.
.
,
853.
852
, .., 3/1/1945, , . 334, ,

4/12/1944, . , .., . 264.
853
, .., . 340-341.
225
226
11
Scobie
-
-
Churchill

Macmillan Alexander
Macmillan, Churchill -
Scobie
, -
.

-
. Macmillan
Churchill
854.
, Eden, Macmillan

,
855,

- Macmillan- 856.
, Macmillan,
,
, ,
854
Alexander, .., . 81-82.

Macmillan FO 14/12/1944, FO 371/43737 R 26037.
856
Macmillan FO 15/12/1944, FO 371/43737 R 20996.
855
227

857.

-

858-
859.

Leeper Macmillan

860. ,
Churchill

Scobie
861 Leeper Macmillan
,

862.
, ,
,
, Leeper ,
Macmillan,
Alexander,
857
Macmillan FO 16/12/1944, FO 371/43738, . 69.

Leeper FO 30/11/1944, FO 371/43736 R 19539/G.
859
158-159. Leeper Macmillan
.
860
.., . 722-723, 16 .
Macmillan Churchill
, .
861
War Cabinet 15/12/1944, CAB/66/59/41, Churchill 14
.
862
Alexander, .., . 83-84. ( Churchill 16 ).
858
228

,
. 16

,
,

863.

- ,
-

- Churchill -

17 ,
-
864.
, MacVeagh Stettinius,

Scobie,
865.
, ,
14 866,

863
War Cabinet 16/12/1944, CAB/65/48/18.

.
864
, .., . 84.
865
160-161.
866
, .., 14/12/1944, , . 151.
229
, 867,
868.

, .
, ,
-
80%-

. , ,
,
, 869.
18 , ,
Alexander, Churchill o

,
870.
,
,

.

,

, ,
.
867
, .., . 87.
.., . 91
869
.., . 86-87. ( 22/12/1944).
870
War Cabinet, 18/12/1944, CAB/65/48/20. Alexander Churchill
17
.
868
230

,

871.
, ,
Churchill

.
,
, Scobie
,
,
,
.
, Roosevelt

.
, ,
Churchill

872.
Churchill Roosevelt,

, , Halifax,
Foreign Office 17 ,
OSS
,
-.
871
War Cabinet, 18/12/1944, CAB/65/48/20.

The British Prime Minister (Churchill) to President Roosevelt, 17/12/1944, FRUS, V. 5 Greece, .
159-160.
872
231

873.
,
Roosevelt , .
,

,
,
. -
,
Roosevelt-

.
Roosevelt
,
,
874.
, 20

,
,
, 875.
, ,
, ,
.

, Balfour,
873
, , .., . 76.
The King of Hellenes (George II) to President Roosevelt 19/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece, . 163164.
875
, .., . 86.
874
232
, ,
876.
, Scobie 16

,
17 , .

, ,
, , , .

,
4

,
,

, ,
,
.
, ,
, Leeper Scobie
,
.
, ,
,

Leeper Scobie
,
.
876
.., . 90-91.
233
Scobie

.

,

,
Churchill
. ,
-
-
-

877.
, Scobie, 18

, Scobie
Alexander

.
-

.
877
(17 1944), , 109, =4/1/1, ,

. 19/12/44, !
! ! !
.
234
Scobie :
,

.
.
878.
20 :
.
.
879.

, ,
.
,

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,
,

,
:
,
880.
878
, 23/12/1944, . .
Scobie 22/12/1944, , .., . 79.
879
, , .., . 189.
880
, .., 23/2/1944, , . 223-224.
235

881, Scobie

.
Laskey, Foreign Office,

,
,
. , ,
,
,
882.

,

,
883. ,
Churchill , ,
.

Scobie 16 884,

20 .
, 23/12/1944, , 1 .
, .., . 92, (Minute D. S. Laskey 24/12/1944).
883
, .., . 55.
884
, .., 11 1945,
. , . 426, . . 11 (
), , .., . 487,
,
.
881
882
236
Scobie,

,
,

Churchill.
,

,
885.

Scobie :
() () 886,
-
.
Scobie,
.

887.
Scobie,
- . MacVeagh
, ,

.
,
- , ,
885
Fleischer, .., . 75-76.

18/12/1944, =7/32/261, , 145, .
887
, 18/12/1944, . :
!
886
237
, ,
MacVeagh,
888.
,

,
,
,
889.

,

.

890.
MacVeagh
Scobie ,
,
,
891.
888
The Ambassador in Greece (MacVeagh) to the Secretary of State 19/12/44, FRUS, V. 5 Greece, .
162.
889
, .., 16/12/1944,
, . 163-165.
890
, .., 18/12/1944, . , . 177-178.
891
The Ambassador in Greece (MacVeagh) to the Secretary of State 19/12/44, FRUS, V. 5 Greece, .
162, - .
OSS , MacVeagh, , .., . 88.
238

.
892,
, ,
893.
O

, .
,
,
894
20
21 ,

,
895.
, -
.

5%,
.
, ,

892
, .., 19/12/1944, . . , . 188.

, 21/121944, , 2 .
894
20/12/44, =7/32/267, , 145, .
895
21/12/1944, , .., . , . 303-304.
Times

,
23/12/1944, . 306.
893
239

896.

.
,
, .
, , ,

, 897.
,

. ,
, ,

898. ,
,
,
899.

.
.

896
, .., 19/12/1944, . .
, . 188.
897
, 24/12/1944,
, 2 .
898
, .., 19/12/1944, -. .
, . 201.
899
, 24/12/1944, . , 2 .
240
900,
,

.

901.
, ,

, ,
,
.

,
, ,

902
,
:

.
,

903.
900
, .., 24/12/1944, . .
, . 233-235.
901
The Ambassador in Greece (MavVeagh) to the Secretary of State 24/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece, .
166-167.
902
, .., 22/12/1944,
, . 218-220.
903
, ..,, 23/12/1944, , . 224-225,. , 22/12/1944,
, 1 .
241
,
4

, . ,

,
,
. , ,

, 904.
,
,
.

16-17

905.
,
,
906.
18
: .

,
.907,

904
, 25/12/1944, .
.
905
, .., . 63. .
, . 34, 1945, , 33 .
906
, .., . 60-61.
907
23 18-12-44, , .., . 174-176.
242
50% 908.
,
.
,
909.

, ,
.

(question) [ ]
,

.

,
-
-
. (left in revolt).

908
19/12/1944, =7/32/266, , 145, .

Churchill 20 .
19 20
/
.

( - ) . Eden
Churchill 22
. , 21
,
(. ).
909
243

, . -

Churchill - ,

.
,

910.
, 19
,

.
,

, . ,

(bow)
.

911.
20 Churchill

,
,
,

910
War Cabinet 22/12/1944, CAB/66/60/11.

26-27
Churchill, . 12.
911
..
244
. , ,
. ,

,
912.
, 21 ,
Leeper 20
,

. ,
,
,
-
-
,
(if Archbishop behaved
contrary to expectation)913.

, , Kirk,
4/5 914,
, Macmillan
Alexander,
,
.
Macmillan 21 , Churchill -

,

912
..
War Cabinet 21/12/1944, CAB/65/48/21.
914
The Ambassador in Italy (Kirk) to the Secretary of State 18/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece, . 161.
913
245

, 915

.
Macmillan

,
,
.

, ,
916.
Alexander,
(peaceful settlement)

. -
917-

918.
, Kirk,
Macmillan Alexander Churchill
915
Leeper MacVeagh

. The Ambassador in Greece (MacVeagh) to the Secretary of State 17/12/1944,
FRUS V. 5 Greece, . 160-161.
916
The Ambassador in Italy (Kirk) to the Secretary of State 25/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece, . 167168. Macmillan
,
. ,
Macmillan
, ,
. , Richter, .., . 251.
917
, .., . 259.
918
The Ambassador in Italy (Kirk) to the Secretary of State 25/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece, . 167168.
246
(take charge) 919. ,

- , Scobie
22 , MacVeagh Stettinius Leeper
Foreign Office
920.
, Churchill Eden

, Bevin,

,
Eden
921.
Churchill ,

922.

, Eden 23
Churchill
923.
Churchill Scobie
,
- , Eden .

, 924.
919
..
The Ambassador in Greece (MAcVeagh) to the Secretary of State 24/12/1944, FRUS V. 5 Greece,
. 166-167.
921
Richter, .., . 255.
922
Richter, .., . 254, . , .., 21/12/1944,
, 20 , . 208.
923
924
Richter, .., . 256.
920
247
, Leeper, Macmillan Alexander

10-11
, Eden
. ,

,
, ,
- ,
Churchill .
Roosevelt
Eden

, ,
,
, 925.

,

, ,
926.
925
The British Prime Minister (Churchill) to President Roosevelt 26/12/1944 FRUS V. 5 Greece, .
169-170. (For the rest, we cannot abandon those who have taken up arms in our case, and must [of
necessity/ if necessary] fight it out with them).
926
, 26/12/1944, , 1 .
248
12

Churchill
-

Churchill: ,
,
Churchill Eden 25
(),
, Macmillan, Leeper Alexander927.

,
Churchill 928.
, Alexander Hawkesworth
,
, , 17 ,
, Churchill

929,

930. , Leeper,
Churchill
Ajax 931.
927
, .., . , . 10 ( Macmillan).
Leeper, .., . 121.
929
Alexander, .., . 85-86.
930
, .., . 55.
931
Leeper, .., . 121-122.
928
249
Churchill 932,
933

. Churchill , ,

,
,
,
, ,
.
934.
Churchill,
:
,
- -
935.
,
.
:
,
,
.
: .
,
. ,

936. , ,
- -
932
, .., . 11.
Leeper, .., . 122-123.
934
, .., . 13-14. ( Churchill).
935
.., . 12.
936
.. . 13-14. ( Churchill).
933
250
,
937, Churchill.

.
-,
Churchill
, ,
-
.
Scobie 26
,

.
- -
3 4 938. , 26
Churchill ,

,
939.
Churchill
. Churchill Eden

,
,
940.
937
.., . 12.
, .., 26/12/1944, .. .
, 25 , . 256257, , .., . 80.
939
Leeper, .., . 124.
940
, .., 26/12/1944, , 252-253.
938
251
.. 941,
942.

943.

- Churchill -
-

,
.

-
-
.
,

.
,
, , ,
944.
,
Churchill, Eden, Macmillan, Leeper,
Alexander, Scobie, Caccia - Scobie-
MacVeagh Baelen ,
941
, .. , . 257.
, 27/12/1944, ..
, 1 .
943
, .., . 731.
944
, 27/12/1944, - .
942
252
Popov945 Smith Dorian.

. - , . -
, . -
, . - , . -
, . , .
, . . .
. -
, - ,
-
946.
.

Eden

,
.

947.
,
,
, ,

948
,
945

.
946
. 26 1944. ,
1, . 2. ().

. ,
. Alexander
Scobie , , .., . 20, . 6. .
, 28/12/1944, 1 .
947
. 26 1944. , 1, .
2, .
948
Fleischer, .., . 76.
253
,
,
949.
27
,
950.

Churchill Eden

951,
, ,
,

952.
,
,
Churchill
953.
Churchill

.
,

954 ,
, .
949
, .., . 367.
27 1944,
, 1, . 3, .
951
Alexander, .., . 85-86.
952

,
,
, .., . 65.
953
. 26 1944. , 1, .
2, .
954
We shall have to bend to our hard task and we, British, shall be given a large part of the duty of
rescuing the city of Athens form anarchy and miserable conditions.
950
254

955
.

Roosevelt Stalin
,
.
-
-

956.
Churchill
. ,
,
,
957 Scobie
.

. ,
Alexander,
,
958.
955
It is not because the task which is confronting His Majestys Government in Great Britain is
beyond our strength or because we shrink from discharging that task that we have asked this
company.
956
Since we have been here, very violent and unexpected troubles have arisen and we have become
involved in them through doing what we believed was our duty. That duty we shall discharge inflexibly
and faithfully to the end.
957
What will enable us to leave Greece? Naturally, now that all those tragic things have happened we
are bound in honor to bring this matter to a good conclusion. We must of course ask here acceptance
and fulfillment of Generals Scobie terms.
958

, , 1, . 3,
.
255
Churchill

.
,
,
. ,
, ,
,
,
,
-
.

,
,
. ,
,
Churchill
,
959,
, ,
Stalin.

Churchill

959
Churchill
, . Moscow FO 7/12/1944, FO 371/43736 R
20196/745/19
Stalin Churchill
- ,

. Churchill
18 1945
: :
, , 19/1/1945, .
. , 1 .
256
. 960,
,

,
, .
. ,

Scobie -
-
.
-
- -

,
.
, .

,

,
.

.
.

.
,
960
257
.
, Churchill

.
,
,

961.
, ,

,

.

,
.

,

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,
.
-

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.
961

,
-, .
258

,

, .

,

,
962.
, 27 .

, .
- , . - , .
- , . - , . -
, . - , . -
, . - - .
,

963.

.
,
.

, ,

.
962
. 26 1944. , 1,
. 2, .
963

,
. , 28/12/1944, . . .
259

.

, .

,
, ,

.

, .

.
, ,

. ,
, ,
,
.

, .

,
. ,

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,
-
260
-
,
.

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, .

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,

964 ,

.
,
,

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,

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,
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,
,

964
. 14.
261
,
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,
.

,
,
3
,
,

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, -
,

.
965.
,
(
) .
,
965
,
, .
262
40-50%

.

,

.
, ,
,
.
,
-
- ,

.

.

.
,
,

263
. ,
966.

,
-
-
.
, ,

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,

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.
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,
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966
27 1944,
, 1, . 3, . ,
Eden, .

, , .., . 257.
264
967
968.

969.
,

970
,
, ,
971.

972.
MacVeagh
(
Scobie) ,

.
,
, 973.
, Leeper
,
27 1944,
, 1, . 3, .
968
, .., . 52.
969
, 28/12/1944, .
970
, .., 29/12/1944, . 284-285.
971
, 28/12/1944, , 1 .
972
, 29/12/1944, , 1 .
973
176-177, Certainly the publication has created an unfortunate impression in Athens that the
conference which has only been adjourned sine die has already ended in failure.
967
265
,
974.

Churchill

.
,
, ,
,

975.

976,

977.
11 ( 1945),
18
...

978.

Churchill979. 7
( 1945),
Churchill
974
Leeper, .., . 126.

, .., . 391-392.
976
, 1941-1991, (., . .),
, (.), , , 1993. . 61.
977
, .., . 158-159.
978
, .., 11 , . , .
426.
979
O . 11 ( ),
, .., . 487. ,
, . 359.
975
266

980.
, ,
,

981,
Churchill,
982.
-
3 1945
Churchill Eden
983-
,
984.

,
,

.

985. ,
1945
986.
, .., . , 7
, , . 412.
981
, .., . 177, . , .., . 65, . 14.
982
, .., . 137-138.
983
, 3/1/1945, . .
984
, .., . 262, . Alexander, . 87.
985
, .., . 328-330.
986
, 1945,
, .., . 164.
980
267

-
1944,
,
,
.

987

.

40-50% ,
,

,
.
,
,

,
,
-
.
,

987
. , .., . 159.
268
,

, --
,
.

,
, Churchill
,
,
, .

,
,

,
- ,
.
,
- Churchill

.
,
, .
,
Eden Leeper Macmillan . Churchill
,
988,
,
,
988
War Cabinet 29/12/1944, CAB/65/48/22. O Eden

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, .., . 91-92, 14/1/1945.
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, .., 6/12/1944, . 80.
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, .., 10/1/1945, , . 413-414, ,

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, .., . 339.
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1203
War Cabinet 12/1/1945, CAB 65/51/5. . Mark Mazower, .
, , , 2[1995], . 402-403
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, .., 6/1/1945, , . 361, 7/1/1945,
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. , . 381-385.
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, .. . 339-340.
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1230.
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War Cabinet 26/1/1945, CAB 65/49/10.

Alan Foster, The Politicians, Public Opinion and the Press: The Storm over British Military
Intervention on Greece in December 1944, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 19, No 3 1984, .
471.
1229
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13 , . , .., 14/1/1945,
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17.11.1944 - ....
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24.11.1944 - .
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423
424

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.., . 46, 48. ,

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, .., 19/12/1944, - , . 190-192.

, ., . 346-347, . , .., . 534, . 104.

lisabeth Barker, 1941-1947

, .., 3/1/1945, , . 334, ,

Alexander, .., . 81-82.

Macmillan FO 16/12/1944, FO 371/43738, . 69.

War Cabinet 16/12/1944, CAB/65/48/18.

War Cabinet, 18/12/1944, CAB/65/48/20.

(17 1944), , 109, =4/1/1, ,

Fleischer, .., . 75-76.

, .., 19/12/1944, . . , . 188.

19/12/1944, =7/32/266, , 145, .

War Cabinet 22/12/1944, CAB/66/60/11.

(take charge) 919. ,