census

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording

information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly
occurring and ofcial count of a particular population.[1] The term is used
mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses other
common censuses include agriculture! business! and trafc censuses.
the census of population is ta"en at every 1# years. The census can be
contrasted with sampling in which information is obtained only from a subset
of a population! sometimes as an intercensal estimate. $ensus data are
commonly used for research! business mar"eting! and planning! as well as a
baseline for sampling surveys. $ensus counts are necessary to ad%ust
samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is
common in opinion polling. &imilarly! strati'cation requires "nowledge of the
relative si(es of di)erent population strata which are derived from census
enumerations. In some countries! census data are used to apportion electoral
representation *sometimes controversially
questionnaire method
A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions
and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from
respondents. Although they are often designed for statistic+uestionnaires
have advantages over some other types of surveys in that they are cheap! do
not require as much e)ort from the questioner as verbal or telephone
surveys! and often have standardi(ed answers that ma"e it simple to compile
data. ,owever! such standardi(ed answers may frustrate users.
+uestionnaires are also sharply limited by the fact that respondents must be
able to read the questions and respond to them. Thus! for some demographic
groups conducting a survey by questionnaire may not be practical.
As a type of survey! questionnaires also have many of the same problems
relating to question construction and wording that e-ist in other types of
opinion polls.al analysis of the responses! this is not always the case.