A set is a collection of distinct objects called elements that have common characteristics. A subset is a set where all elements are also elements of another set, called the universal set, which contains all objects under consideration. The null set is an empty set that is a subset of any set. Cardinality refers to the number of elements in a set. Notations use uppercase letters for sets and lowercase for elements. The equals sign shows equality between sets. Order refers to the size of a finite set or infinite for infinite sets.
A set is a collection of distinct objects called elements that have common characteristics. A subset is a set where all elements are also elements of another set, called the universal set, which contains all objects under consideration. The null set is an empty set that is a subset of any set. Cardinality refers to the number of elements in a set. Notations use uppercase letters for sets and lowercase for elements. The equals sign shows equality between sets. Order refers to the size of a finite set or infinite for infinite sets.
A set is a collection of distinct objects called elements that have common characteristics. A subset is a set where all elements are also elements of another set, called the universal set, which contains all objects under consideration. The null set is an empty set that is a subset of any set. Cardinality refers to the number of elements in a set. Notations use uppercase letters for sets and lowercase for elements. The equals sign shows equality between sets. Order refers to the size of a finite set or infinite for infinite sets.
characteristics. The set F is a subset of set A if all elements of F are also elements of A. For example, the even numbers 2, 4 and 12 all belong to the set of whole numbers. Therfore, the even numbers 2, 4 and 12 form a subset of the whole numbers. F is a proper subset of A if F does not contain all elements of A. The universal set U is the set that contains all objects under consideration. The null set is an empty set. The null set is a subset of any set. The cardinality of a set A is the number is the number of elements in A. Notations and Symbols In this section, you will learn some of the notations and symbols pertaining to sets.
1. Uppercase letters will be used to name to name sets and and and loercase letters will be used to refer to any element of a set. For example, let H be the set of all objects that cover or protect the head. We write H = {ladies hat, baseball cap, hard hat} This is the rooster method of naming the elements of a set. Another way of writing the elements of a set is with the use of descriptor. This the rule method. For example, H={xI covers and protects the head}. This is read as " the set H contains the element x such that x covers and protects the head."
2. The symbol or { } will be used to refer to an empty set.
3. The cardinality of a set A is written as n(A).
Equality Two sets are equal if they have precisely the same members. Now, at first glance they may not seem equal, so we may have to examine them closely! Example: Are A and B equal where: A is the set whose members are the first four positive whole numbers B = {4, 2, 1, 3} Let's check. They both contain 1. They both contain 2. And 3, And 4. And we have checked every element of both sets, so: Yes, they are equal! And the equals sign (=) is used to show equality, so we write: A = B Order No, not the order of the elements. In sets it does not matter what order the elements are in. Example: {1,2,3,4) is the same set as {3,1,4,2} When we say "order" in sets we mean the size of the set. Just as there are finite and infinite sets, each has finite and infinite order. For finite sets, we represent the order by a number, the number of elements. Example, {10, 20, 30, 40} has an order of 4. For infinite sets, all we can say is that the order is infinite. Oddly enough, we can say with sets that some infinities are larger than others, but this is a more advanced topic in sets. Area of a Plane Shape Area is the size of the surface. Triangle Square
h a
b Area = b h Area = a 2
b = base a = length of side h = vertical height Rectangle Parallelogram
h h
w b Area = w h Area = b h w = width b = base h = height h = vertical height Trapezoid (US)/Trapezium (UK Circle b