Collection of Rings

Commutati ve
Ring
A ring in which
multiplication in
commutative
Ring with Unity
A ring with a
multiplicative
identity
Unit
Any element of a
ring which has a
multiplicative
inverse
1
What we usually
think of as unity
Integral Domain
Commutative
ring with unity
containing no
divisors of zero
Field
A commutative
ring with unity
such that every
non zero element
has a
multiplicative
inverse
Di vision Ring
A ring in which
every non
zero element
is a unit
(Example: Zn)

Rings
A ring , , R + is a set R together
with two binary operations +and
which we call addition and
multiplication, defined on R such that
the following axioms are satisfied.
R RR R
1
, R + is an abelian group.
R RR R
2
Multiplication is associative.
R RR R
3
For all , , a b c R , the left
distributive law,
( ) ( ) ( ) a b c a b a c + = + and the
right distributive law
( ) ( ) ( ) a b c a c b c + = + hold.


Example: Upper or Lower triangular
matrix
0
0
0






Commutati ve
Rings
Example:
2Z, 3Z
because they
never contain
one.
Rings with Unity
Example:
Matrices that can be
multiplied
Integral
Zs Cs
Integers Complex






Domain
Fields
Q, R, Z
p