o,

62
, 25 2013 .

, 2013 .

,
9.1. , 4ABC
AB + BC = 2AC, B,
AB BC .
.
4ABC. a + c = 2b
, a < b < c.
C1 AB, B1 BC, I 4ABC , IP AB,
P AB IQ BC, Q BC. P Q
4ABC A
BC AB,

BP = BQ = p b =

C


Q


B1

C1 P

b
ba
cb
, B1 Q = BQ BB1 =
, C1 P = BC1 BP =
2
2
2

B1 Q = C1 P . 4IB1 Q
= 4IC1 P ,
<) B1 IQ =<) C1 IP , <) C1 IB1 =<) P IQ = 180 <) ABC C1 BB1 I .
: 1 . P Q; 2 . , C 1 P = B1 Q;
1 . 4IB1 Q
= 4IC1 P ; 3 . C1 BB1 I .
9.2. a b,
f (x) = x3 bx2 + (3 a2 )x + 3b , f (a 1) = f (a + 1)
x b 2a.
. f (a 1) = f (a + 1) ( ) ab = a2 + 2, f (b) = 2a 2a + 6b = a 2 b.
a2 + 2
2a
= 2
( , a = 0
b =
a
a 6
2
a +2
2a
a2 = 6 ).
= 2
,
a
a
6
p

a4 6a2 12 = 0. a2 = 3 21, .. a = 3 + 21

b = 5+ 21 .
3+ 21

: 2 . , 3 .
.
1

 9.3. p . x y,
(2x + y)3 = p2 x(x + y)2 .
. 2x + y = A x + y = B. A3 =
p2 B 2 (A B), , p|A. A = pA1 , A1 .
pA31 = B 2 (pA1 B), , p|B (
p). B = pB1 , B1 . A31 = p2 B12 (A1 B1 ),
, - A3 = p2 B 2 (A B),
. , A 6= 0
, .. A
p, . A = B = 0, x = y = 0.
: , x = y = 0 ,
0 . : 1 .
p ( ,
), 2 . p|B, 3 . ,

1 . , x = y = 0.
9.4. A :
m, n A, m 6= n, 10|m n| + 50 mn.
A.
. o: 9. m, n A m > n.
mn+10n10m 50 (m+10)(n10)
50. , o n 10. A
- , - 9. ,
8 9 A. |A| 9.
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15} 9 .
8 , 15 ,
8.
: 1 . (m + 10)(n 10) 50, 1 .
, - 9, 2 . , A
- , - 9, 1 . , 8 9
A, 2 . 9
.
10.1. a,
x3 + ax2 (1 a)2 = 0
2

 x1 , x2 , x3 ,
x1
x2
x3
3
+
+
> .
x2 x3 x3 x1 x1 x2
2
.
x3 + ax2 (1 a)2 = (x (1 a))(x2 + x + (1 a)) = 0.
D , D > 0 a > 3/4.
1 a , a 6= 1, 3.
,
x2
x3
x2 + x22 + x23
a2
3
x1
+
+
= 1
=
> ,
x2 x3 x3 x1 x1 x2
x1 x2 x3
(1 a)2
2

, a (3 6, 3 + 6).



3
a
, 1 (1, 3) (3, 3 + 6).
4
: 1 . x = 1 a; 1 . a > 3/4; 1 . a 6= 1, 3; 2 .

a; 1 . a (3 6, 3 + 6);
1 . .
10.2. ABC <) ACB > 90 . CH C
(H AB), AL <) BAC (L BC). <) ALC,
, <) ALC =<) BHL.
P

. <) ALC =<) BHL =

P B AC (P AC ). HBP C
BC <) BHP =<) BCP .

C
b

<) LAP =<) BCP =<) BHP =<) LHP, A

B
H
.. AHLP . , AL <) BAC
L sP H . :
1. sP H BC, L HBP C ,
.. BL = LC, AB = AC. <) ACB > 90 .
b

 2. sP H BC, HBP C
<) CHL =<) CP L =<) BHL = ,
.. = 45 .
. ,


BH. sin
BL
SBHL
=
=
= cotg.tg = cotg.tg
+ .
LC
SCHL
CH. cos
2
,
BA
sin
sin( + )
BL
=
=
=
LC
AC
sin
sin

cos sin




+ = sin( + ) cos
+ 2 + = 90 ,
2
2

.. = 45 .
. ABC <) ALC =<) BHL
, <) ACB = 90 + <) ABC.
:
. 1 . P ; 2 . AHLP ; 1 .
L sP H ; 1 . ; 2 . .
. 3 . , ; 3 .
2 + = 90; 1 . = 45 .
10.3. n,
2n+1 7n! 3n! .
( n! 1 n.)
. n! = 2k .m, m , k .

k1 m

7n! 3n! = (7m )2 (3m )2 = (7m 3m )(7m + 3m )(72m + 32m ) . . . (72

k1

k1

k1 m

+ 32

).

7m +3m 72m +32m 72 m +32 m 2 (mod 4) 7m 3m 4 (mod 8),

2k+2 |(7n! 3n! ), 2k+3 6 | (7n! 3n! ) n + 1 k + 2, .. k n 1.
, 2t n < 2t+1 (t N0 ),
4

k=

hni
2

hni
22

+ +

hni
2t



n
n
1
n
+ 2 + t = n 1 t n 1.
2 2
2
2

k = n 1 n = 2t , t N0 .
: 2 . n! = 2k .m 7n! 3n! ; 2 . k n 1; 2 .
k n 1; 1 . n = 2t , t N0 .
10.4. A(n, k) k- (a1 , . . . , ak ) ,

a1 + . . . + ak1 n,

a1 + . . . + ak1 + ak > n,
1 ai n,

i = 1 . . . , k.

k A(12, k) ?
. - k- (a1 , . . . , ak )
1 ai n, a1 + . . . + ak n.
k, k + 1, . . . , n k-

 


  
k1
k
n1
n
+
+ ... +
=
.
k1
k1
k1
k
, k- (a1 , . . . , ak ), a1 + . . . + ak1 n,
a1 + . . . + ak1 + ak > n, 1 ai n

    

n
n
n
nk
A(n, k) = n

=
1 .
k1
k
k
nk+1
, k
A(12, k) =

12
k




12k
1
13 k

. 1 k 6 ,
6 k 12.
k(13 k)
A(12, k + 1)
=
.
A(12, k)
k2 1
- 1 k = 6 - 1 k = 7, . . . , 12. k = 7.
5

: 4 . A(n, k); 3 .
k, A(12, k) .
11.1. p, q r,
q
p, , r
2
x3 + px2 + qx + r 1 = 0
, 2013.
. p + r = q , x1 = 1.

(x 1)(x2 + (p + 1)x + p + q + 1) = 0,
x2 + (p + 1)x + p + q + 1 = 0 x1 = 2014
x2 = 4027. p = x1 x2 1 = 6042
q = x1 x2 p 1 = x1 x2 + x1 + x2 = (x1 + 1)(x2 + 1) 1 = 2015.4028 1 = 8116419.

: 2 . x1 = 1; 2 . (x 1)(x2 + (p +
1)x + p + q + 1) = 0; 3 . p, q r.
11.2. ABC, k O.
k C BA S. CA A
P Q, AP = P Q. , P , O, C S
, , Q, B, C S
.
. () P , O, C S k . OC SC,
OS k M
AB, OM AB M k . <) SM P =<) SCP P M
QBA, <) SM P =<) SBQ.
S
<) SCQ =<) SBQ, , Q,
B, C S .
() , Q, B, C S
, <) SCQ =<) SBQ
<) SBQ =<) SM P , S, P , M C
k . <) OM S =<) OCS =
90 , .. k SO P ,
O, C S .
6

k
O
b

b
b

: 2 . M ,
P OCS ; 5 . .
11.3. m n,
n = m(n) 1.
( n (n) , -
n, n.)
. n = 1, m = 2. n > 1. n = m(n) 1 ,
(m, n) = 1. n = p1 1 p2 2 . . . pk k n,
p1 1 < p2 2 < < pk k .
1. k 2. t = p2 2 . . . pk k
m(n) 1 = (m(t) 1)M,
M > m(t) . t m(t) 1, M p1 1 ,
p1 1 < t < m(t) 1 < M p1 1 .
2. k = 1, .. n = p 2. (n) = p1 (p 1)
t = p2 (p 1)
m(n) 1 = (mt 1)M,
M > mt . p1 mt 1, M p 1.
.
3. n = p . (n) = (p) = p 1. p = 2,
m = 3. p > 2, p 1 = 2s. p = (ms 1)(ms + 1) ,
ms 1 = 1, .. s = 1 m = 2. , p = 3.
n = 1, m = 2, n = 2, m = 3 n = 3, m = 2.
: 2 . ; 1 . .
11.4. M , 2013
0 . M ,
.
M , 9 M 3,
.
. M 2013 ,
2012 1, 2, . . . , 9,
1, 2, 3, 4. |M | = 4.92012 .
, 9 M
7

 , , .
|M | 4.92012 .
, M , |M | > 4.92012 ,
9 , , . N
2013 , |N | = 92013 . 1, 2, . . . , 9
. , 2 1, 3
2 .. 1 9. 2013 a b , a b,
a b. N 92012
N1 , N2 , . . . , N92012 9 , 9-
.
|M | > 4.92012 , 5
Ni . M 4
Nj . 9 ,
Ni Nj . , .
|M | 4.92012 , .. |M | = 4.92012 .
: 1 . ; 2 . ; 4 . |M | 4.92012 .

12.1.
x3 = (x y)(3xy + 1).
. x = y +z (*)
z(z 2 1) = (y)3 . z > 1, y > 0. z z 2 1 ,
, z = a3 z 2 1 = b3 , a, b N. (a2 )3 b2 = 1,
(). z < 1, t = z > 1 (*) t(t2 1) = y 3 ,
- . z = 0, 1, y = 0 ,
(x, y) = (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 0).
. x 6= 0, x 6= y. x 3xy + 1
, x x y, .. x y. x = ky, k Z.
(1 k)(3ky 2 + 1) = x2 . k > 1 k < 0,
. k = 0, 1
-.
:
. 1 . (*), 3 .
z > 1, 2 . z < 1 1 . .
. 2 . , x y, 2 . k > 1 k > 0 1 . .
12.2. I ABC A1 , B1 , C1
, BIC, CIA AIB. , :
8

) AA1 , BB1 CC1 ;

SA B C
R
) 1 1 1 =
, r R
SABC
2r
ABC.
C
b

. a) <) BIC1 =

180

<) BC1 I
2

180 2 <) BAI

180 <) BAC
=
=<) IBC+ <) BCI.
2
2
C, I C1 .
AA1 BB1 I.
) <) BC1 I = 2 <) BAI =<) BAC, C1
ABC
d A1 B1 .
AB;
<) A1 BC1 =<) ABC1 + <) CBA+ <) A1 BC =

<) C
, ,
2

SA1 B1 C1 = 2R2 cos

B1

A1

B
b

C1

<) C
<) A
<) B
+ <) B +
= 90 +
2
2
2

, A1 C1 = 2R cos
<) A1 C1 B1 = 90

B
A
. B1 C1 = 2R cos .
2
2

A
B
C
cos cos .
2
2
2

r
A
p(p a)
cos =
2
bc
, abc = 4RS, S = pr.
: ) 2 .; ) 3 . SA1 B1 C1 2 . .
1 1
12.3. .
5 5
2
1

.. ,
5 25
1
- .
2

1
. a1 = b1 = , an+1 = an + bn bn+1 = an bn n 1.
5
12
1
, an <
n 2. n = 2 .
bn
25
25.2n2


2
2
1
1
1
2
12
an+1 = a2 + b2 + + bn +
1 + + + n2 < +
=
5 25
2
2
5 25
25
bn
1
.
=
2
25.2n1
12
.
= 0, 48 lim an = 0, 469 . . .

n
25
: 3 . 4 . .
bn+1 = an bn <

12.4. P 2013 ,
x, y, z R, P (x) + P (y) + P (z) = 0, ,
P (x3 ) + P (y 3 ) + P (z 3 ) = 3P (x)P (y)P (z).
, :
) P (x) 6= 0 x R \ {1, 0, 1};
) P .
. ) P () = 0 R. 3P (3 ) = 3P 3 () = 0
n
, P (3 ) = 0 n N. P
(- 2013), = 0 || = 1, .. = 1.
) P , P () = 0 R. ) ,
{1, 0, 1} 3 = . x R y R ,
P (x) = P (y). z = , P (x3 ) = P (y 3 ).
n
n
n
P (x3 ) = P (y 3 ). x > 1 lim x3 = . , |y| > 1.
n

lim P (t)/t3 6= 0, lim (x/y)3 = 1. x = y, .. P (x) = P (x) x > 1,

|t|

x.

. 2013 2n 1, ,
P (x) = x2n1 P (x) = x2n1 .
n

: ) 2 .; ) 2 . P (x) = P (y) P (x3 ) = P (y 3 ) (1 . n = 1) 3

. .
:
9.1; 9.2; 9.3, 9.4;
10.1, 10.4; 10.2, 10.3; 11.1, 11.2;
11.3, 11.4; 12.1, 12.2; 12.3, 12.4.
10