Celtic conjugation

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

INDICATIVE MOOD

Present *CeC(mi) *CeCr (Welsh, Irish and Gaulish)

*CeCes(i) *CeCeseter

*CeCet(i) *CeCer ~ *CeCetor

*CeCom *CeCommor

*CeCetes *CeCetu e

*CeCont *CeContor



Imperfect *CeCemn(mi) *CeCeti(mi) (in Welsh and Irish)

(Irish) *CeCes (t) *CeCeties

(Welsh) *CeC-eto *CeC-etiet

*CeC-(e)mmets *CeC-(e)timmets

*CeC-(e)tes (sws) *CeC-(e)tites

*CeC-(e)ntets *CeC-(e)tints



Future *CeC-s-m *CeC-sr (in Gaulish axat)

*CeC-s-s *CeC-sser

*CeC-s-t *CeC-stor

*CeC-s-m *CeC-smmor

*CeC-s-tes *CeC-stwe

*CeC-s-nt *CeC-sntor



Future *(Ci-)CeC-s (mi) *(Ci-)CeC-sr (in Irish)

*(Ci-)CeC-ses *(Ci-)CeC-sser

*(Ci-)CeC-st *(Ci-)CeC-ster

*(Ci)CeC-som- *(Ci-)CeC-sommor

*(Ci)CeC-sete *(Ci-)CeC-setwe

*(Ci)CeC-sont *(Ci-)CeC-sontor



Future *CeC-/b-m *CeC-/b-r (in Irish and similar to Italic)

*CeC-/b-s *CeC-/b-ser

*CeC-/b-t *CeC-/b-tor

*CeC-/b-mon- *CeC-/b-mmor

*CeC-/bu-te *CeC-/bu-twe

*CeC-/b-nt *CeC-/b-ntor



Perfect *(Ce-)CeC-m *(Ce-)CeC-r (in Irish)

*(Ce-)CeC-s *(Ce-)CeC-ser

*(Ce-)CeC- *(Ce-)CeC-tor

*(Ce-)CeC-m *(Ce-)CeC-mmor

*(Ce-)CeC-te *(Ce-)CeC-twe

*(Ce-)CeC-nt *(Ce-)CeC-ntor



Perfect *Ce-CeC- *Ce-CeC-r (found in Irish)

*Ce-CeC-es *Ce-CeC-eser

*Ce-CeC-et *Ce-CeC-etor

*Ce-CeC-om *Ce-CeC-ommor

*Ce-CeC-ete *Ce-CeC-etwe

*Ce-CeC-ont *Ce-CeC-ontor



Pluperfect *CeC-atsomn (mi) *CeC-atstj (mi) (found in Welsh)

*CeC-atses (t) *CeC-atstjes (t)

*CeC-atsto (sosin) *CeC-atstjet

*CeC-atsemets *CeC-atstimmets

*CeC-atsete (sws) *CeC-atstites

*CeC-atsentits *CeC-atstints



Preterite *CeC-t (mi) *CeC-(e)tr (found in Old Irish and similar to Germanic)

*CeC-tes *CeC-(e)teser

*CeC-(e)t() *CeC-(e)tor

*CeC-tom *CeC-(o)tommor

*CeC-tete *CeC-(e)tetwe

*CeC-tont *CeC-(e)tontor



Preterite *CeC-ats (mi) *CeC-atsr (widespread in Welsh and Irish)

*CeC-atss (t) *CeC-atsser

*CeC-atst *CeC-atstor

*CeC-atso-mm (sns) *CeC-atsommor

*CeC-ats(e)tes (sws) *CeC-ats(e)twe

*CeC-atsent *CeC-atsontor



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

Present *CeC-m *CeC-r (recoverable from Middle Welsh and Old Irish)

*CeC-s *CeC-so(to)r

*CeC-t *CeC-tor

*CeC-m *CeC-mmor

*CeC-te *CeC-twe

*CeC-nt *CeC-ntor



Present *CeCs *CeCsr (recoverable from Middle Welsh and Old Irish)

*CeC-ses *CeC-er

*CeC- *CeC-or

*CeC-somm *CeC-sommor

*CeCsete *CeCsetu e

*CeCsont *CeCsontor



Present *CeC-esim (Welsh wyf) *CeC-osjr (deponent Gaulish verb marcosior)

(Welsh) *CeC-ess *CeC-osiser

*CeC-esit *CeC-esitor

*CeC-osimm *CeC-osimmor

*CeC-osites *CeC-ositwe

*CeC-osint *CeC-osintor



CONDITIONAL MOOD

Present *CeC-s-mn *CeC-s-tj (mi) (Irish)

*CeC-s-s *CeC-s-tjes (t)

*CeC-s-to *CeC-s-tjet

*CeC-s-mmets *CeC-s-ti(o)mmets

*CeC-(e)tes *CeC-s-ti(e)tes

*CeC-s-ntets *CeC-s-ti(o)nts



Present *(Ci-)CeC-semn *(Ci-)CeC-stj (mi) (Irish)

(Irish) *(Ci-)CeC-ses *(Ci-)CeC-stjes (t)

*(Ci-)CeC-sto *(Ci-)CeC-stjet

*(Ci)CeC-so-mmets- *(Ci-)CeC-sti(o)mmets

*(Ci)CeC-setes *(Ci-)CeC-sti(e)tes

*(Ci)CeC-sontets *(Ci-)CeC-sti(o)nts



Present *CeC-/b-mn *CeC-/b-tj (mi) (found in Irish)

*CeC-/b-s *CeC-/b-tjes (t)

*CeC-/b-to *CeC-/b-tjet

*CeC-/b-mmets *CeC-/b-ti(o)mmets

*CeC-/b-tes *CeC-/b-ti(e)tes

*CeC-/b-ntets *CeC-/b-ti(o)nts



IMPERATIVE MOOD

Present

*CeC-(e)! *CeC-(e)ser!

*CeC-(e)t! *CeC-(e)r!

*CeC-(o)m! *CeC-(o)mmor!

*CeC-(e)tes! *CeC-(e)twe!

*CeC-(e)nt! *CeC-(o)ntor!



PARTICIPLE

Present *CeC-(o)-nt-s

Necessity *CeC-(e)tejo-s (Gaulish te(i)os; Welsh dwy)

Past predicative *CeC-(o/e)to-s

Past attributive *CeC-(o/e)tjo-s (Old Irish de)



NON-PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVES



*CeC-(e/o)mano-s (Gaulish)

*CeC-(e/o)mno-s (Gaulish mna ~ aunus)

*CeC-(e/o)no-s (Gaulish Belenus)

*CeC-k-s

*CeC-o-s

*CeC-i-s

*CeC-jo-s

*CeC-j



VERBAL NOUNS (It is unlikely that any one verb would have used all of these)

*CeC-(e)m-

*CeC-(e)mo-

*CeC-(e)mos- ~ *CeC-(e)mesos (Welsh fa ~ feydd when this denotes a verbal action)

*CeC-(e/o)-ni-s

*CeC-(e/o)-nj

*CeC-(e/o)-njo-m

*CeC-(e/o)-nj

*CeC-(e/o)-ntjo-m

*CeC-(e/o)-nto-m

*CeC-(e/o)-nu-s

*CeC-(e/o)-ri-s

*CeC-(e/o)-sa-l

*CeC-(e/o)-ti-s

*CeC-(e/o)-tjatu-s (Welsh diad)

*CeC-(e/o)-tj

*CeC-(e/o)-tu-s

*CeC-(e/o)-two-m

*CeC-(e/o)-w ~ CeC-(e/o)wonos (Welsh u in verbal nouns; Celtiberian infinitives in uonei)

*CeC-j

*CeC-ja-nto-m (Welsh iant)

*CeC-jo-m

*CeC-j

*CeC-o-m

*CeC-os-



AGENT NOUNS

*CeC-(e/o)tr-

*CeC-(e/o)t-s

*CeC-(e/o)tr-

*CeC-an-

*CeC-en-

*CeC-s

*CeC-m

*CeC-owir-

*CeC-s (Gaulish rix)

*CeC- ~