2.

6 APON / BPON v G-PON

APON / BPON v G-PON c chun ha bi ITU-T Study Group 15 (SG15).
APON (ATM-PON) v BPON (Broadband PON) l tn gi khc nhau ca kin trc
TDM-PON da trn lot tiu chun ITU-T G.983 [8, 16, 18]. Trong khi tn BPON phc
v mc ch tip th ca mnh, truyn t r rng APON m khung ATM c s dng
cho vn chuyn trong cc tiu chun ITU-T G.983. i vi iu ny, chng ta s ch cn
s dng APON ch lp ny thit k PON. G-PON l vit tt ca gigabit c kh nng
PON v c bao ph bi hng lot ITU-T G.984 tiu chun [14, 15]. l th h tip
theo cng ngh PON c pht trin bi ITU-T sau khi APON. C hai APON v G-PON
gi dng nh ngha l bi s ca 8 kHz [8, 14], cc SONET / SDH tc khung hnh lp
li c bn. Nh mt vn ca thc t, cc OLT phn phi 8-kHz ng h thi gian t
OLT n ONUs. iu ny lm cho n d dng hn h tr Cc dch v TDM trn
APON v GPON.
2.6.1 ATM-PON v ITU-T G.983
2.6.1.1 M t h thng APON
Cc cng vic trn APON c bt u bi lin minh mng truy cp dch v y
(FSAN) [19] v sau chuyn giao cho ITU-T SG15 [20] nh cc tiu chun G.983.
H thng APON c trin khai ch yu Bc M bi RBOCs cho d n FTTP
ca h. Nhiu tng c trnh by trong cc tiu chun G.983 c chuyn sang cc
tiu chun G.984 G-PON.
Cc tiu chun G.983.1 ban u c cng b vo nm 1998 c xc nh
155,52 Mbps v 622,08 Mbps tc d liu. Mt phin bn mi hn ca tiu chun xut
bn nm 2005 [8] thm 1244,16 Mbps tc lung xung. Cc nh cung cp c th la
chn APON thc hin truyn lung xung v lung ln i xng hoc khng i xng
Bng 2.1 cho thy cc cch kt hp c th c ca tc d liu lung down v lung up
cho mt h thng APON.
Ngoi cc gii php bc sng song cng mt si gii thch trc , c hai cc
tiu chun G.983.1 v G.984.1 ch nh mt gii php hai si vi chuyn dng si truyn
xung v 1 truyn ln. Bc sng c s dng trong c hai chiu trong cc gii
php hai si. Tuy nhin, vi nhng hiu bit ca tc gi, khng c h thng no c
trin khai vi gii php hai si.
Tt c cc tiu chun ITU PON c ba lp ca lp truyn dn quang thit k vi
tn hao ODN (H thng phn phi quang) khc nhau gia ONU v OLT.Ba lp c
c quy nh trong ITU-T G.982 [21] nh:
class A: 5-20 dB
class B: 10-25 dB
class C: 15-30 dB
Lp thit k C l mt yu kht khe v cng sut cho mt si thu ng. V l do
sn lng thc hin v chi ph thc t, lp B vi suy hao 28 dB sau c gii thiu
bi cc nh cung cp thu pht PON
(Chap. 4)...................
ITU-T G.983.1 quy nh c th cc kin trc tham kho, c im thu pht, cu
trc khung vn chuyn, v cc chc nng khc nhau, trong APON [8]. tn hiu APON
vn chuyn trong cc khe thi gian. Mi khe thi gian hoc cha nhng t bo ATM
hoc PLOAM (OAM lp vt l) di ng. Cc t bo PLOAM c s dng mang
thng tin qun l lp vt l nh cc thng bo giao thc khc nhau, khuy tng ng.

Truyn ca mt t bo ATM, PLOAM di ng, hoc khe cm chia hng lung
ln c iu khin bi OLT s dng PLOAM h lu cc t bo. G.983 yu cu ti thiu
ca mt t bo PLOAM mi ONU trong mi 100 ms [8].

3-octet trn lung ln c thi gian bo v, li ni u, v cc du phn cch bt u di
ng. APON quy nh c th mt thi gian bo v ti thiu l 4 bit. Ni dung cc lnh
vc ny c lp trnh v quy nh ca OLT trong 'Upstream_overhead' 'tin nhn, c
pht sng thng qua cc t bo PLOAM lung xung
2.6.1.2 Dch v trong APON
Kt ni gia ONU v OLT c thit lp nh ATM mch o trong mt h thng
APON. Dch v ATM l hng kt ni. Mi mch o c xc nh bi mt nh danh
o ng dn (VPI) v nhn dng knh o (VCI) c nhng vo trong cc t bo bao
gm lu lng d liu ca n. VPI v VCI l ch s cung cp cc cp khc nhau ca
tn hiu ATM v chuyn i chi tit. Nhiu mch o (VC) c th tn ti trong mt con
ng o (VP). Mt kt ni ATM c xc nh bi cp VPI / VCI ca n. Hnh 2.15
minh ha cc tng ca ATM chuyn i tn hiu. Dch v trong APON c nh x
ti ATM mch o thng qua cc lp thch ng ATM (AAL). Cc t bo ATM bao gm
cc t bo thng tin, tn hiu t bo, cc t bo OAM, cc t bo khng c gn, v cc
t bo s dng cho cc t bo sut tch [23]. AAL thc hin cp khc nhau ca cht
lng dch v (QoS). ITU-T G.983.2 bao gm ba thch nghi ATM khc nhau cho APON
[18]: AAL-1, AAL-2, v AAL-5.
AAL-1 cung cp cc chc nng thch ng cho, lin tc tc bit thi gian nhy cm, v
cc dch v hng kt ni nh T1 v E1 mch. AAL-2 c s dng cho cc dch v
hng kt ni bin tc bit nh m thanh v tn hiu video v AAL-5 c s dng cho
cc dch v d liu khng kt ni nh cc ng dng giao thc TCP / IP.
OLT v ONU 4 nh mt ton th c chc nng nh mt VP hoc VC chuyn i. Ty
thuc vo vic thc hin, mt ONU c th vt qua kt ni giao thng mc VP hoc
Mc VC.