Precipitating factors:

1. frequent or chronic infections

2. eating too much sweets
3. development of glucose
intolerance during drug
therapy
4. delivery of over 9 lbs infants
5. diet
6. sedentary lifestyle
Predisposing factors:
1. family history of !
2. obesity
3. "ge above 4#
$%haustion of beta cells
"bsorption of glucose by the cell
&ell starvation
egradation of proteins 'rea(down of fat
)nsulin production*
decrease secretion of
insulin
+timulation of hunger mechanism via hypothalamus
,unger
)nsulin resistance
Ideal Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus Type II
-'+ 14# mg*d.
/0.1/,"2)"
,1/$32.1&$!)"
-'+ to 14# mg*d.
5idney filtration mechanism impaired
2.1&0+63)"
"cidity of urine
6rethral flora
67)
8erve emyelini9ation
/aresthesias :
numbness
)mpaired pain
sensation
&irculating
blood volume
elayed wound
healing
2angrene
/0.163)" :
".'6!)863)"
&apillary basement
membrane thic(ening
,ypovolemia
,1/07$8+)08 :
7"&,1&"3)"
iffuse glomerular
sclerosis
3enal failure ;aginitis
8$/,30/"7,1
8$630/"7,1
808<,$".)82
6.&$3+
$nd<+tage 3enal
isease
8umber of solute relative to water
+odium ions lost
7issue dehydration
/otassium ion retention
&ardiac arrythmias
- : $ imbalance
/0.1)/+)"
&apillary basement
membrane thic(ening
"bnormal retinal vascular
permeability
+carring
7hic(ening of blood
vessel walls
0cclusion of plaque
'lood flow bloc(ed
'lood pressure
!usculos(eletal effects
)mpaired glucose absorption in
the muscle tissue
=oint contractures
)ncrease viscosity of
blood
blindness
'lurring of vision
'lindness
+tro(e
-"7)26$
!yocardial
infarction
!yocardial
ischemia
iminished
peripheral
pulse
,eart -ailure
$"7,
3$7)80/"7,1
,1/$37$8+)08
'rea(down of fat -atty acids :
glycerol
-at content of the
blood
,yperlipidemia
-ormation of fatty
deposits on the
walls of the blood
vessels
(etone bodies in the
general circulation
hydro%ybutyric acid
acetoacetic acid
acetone
"cetone breath
>eight .oss
epressed central
nervous system
'ody attempts to prevent
further decrease in p,
? &ellular /otassium "bdominal pain 8ausea and vomiting
"therosclerosis
!etabolic acidosis &onvulsions
/oor appetite &ardiac arrhythmias
,eadache
5ussmaul@s respirations
&oma
hunger
!obili9ation *
degradation of proteins
"mino acid in the
general circulation
ecreased urinary
nitrogen
,yperaminoacidemia
-urther sodium ion loss /otassium ion retention
&ardiac arrhythmias ehydration
$"7,